All Tables - data provided by Dr. Alexander Parkhomov

Conceived by R. W. Greenyer and coded by P. W. Power for the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project

Version 5.0, Sep 28, 2019

AllTables: In this, any and all of the tables made available by Dr Parkhomov may be invoked by a single SQL command and the results listed.

To make full use of this program's capabilities, a sound grasp of SQL is essential.

Note that a "null" appearing anywhere in the source or results tables indicates either that the value is not known or is not applicable in the context

This "universal" program can accept full SQL commands that query any of the 12 "Parkhomov" tables, together with the "ElementProperties", "Nuclides", "RadioNuclides" and "Atomic Radii" tables as well.

New Feature: In all the above tables except the Periodic, each atom, in either the input or the output, as well as its 'A' and 'Z' numbers now also has a 'nBorF' ('nuclear Boson or Fermion') and a 'aBorF' ('atomic Boson or Fermion') parameter associated with it.

An atom's nucleus is considered a Boson if its A number is even; if odd a Fermion (thus nBorF = 'b' or 'f'). The atom itself is considered a Boson if its number of neutrons (A - Z) is even; if odd a Fermion (thus aBorF = 'b' or 'f').

The above extra parameters can be used either passively by observing the distributions of 'b' and 'f' in inputs and/or outputs, and/or actively by including some or all of them in the SQL commands themselves.

Input used for this run on 03-Jul-2023 07:23:27 (NZT):

Full SQL Query: "select * from LENR_Events where id > 3000 order by id desc"

1996 rows were found.

Results Table:

id	Category	Author	Year	Title	Journal_Title	Editor	Publisher	City	Date	Comment	Keywords	Abstract	Links	Citations	Headline
5001	Journal Article	Johnson, V. E., Chahine, G. L., Lindenmuth, W. T., Conn, A. F., Frederick, G. S., Giacchino	1984	Cavitating and Structured Jets for Mechanical Bits to Increase Drilling Rate - Part II Experimental Results	Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 106(2), 289.						self-excited, resonating jets, cavitation, enhanced erosivity	Analyses of self-excited, resonating jets have been corroborated by laboratory experiments. These structured jets achieved cavitation at greater ambient pressures and showed enhanced erosivity in comparison to the non-structured jets from conventional drill bit nozzles.	https://sci-hub.se/10.1115/1.3231054 doi:10.1115/1.3231054
5000	Journal Article	Johnson, V. E., Chahine, G. L., Lindenmuth, W. T., Conn, A. F., Frederick, G. S., Giacchino, G. J.	1984	Cavitating and Structured Jets for Mechanical Bits to Increase Drilling Rate - Part I: Theory and Concepts	Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 106(2), 282.		ASME				erosion, jets, cavitation, resonating nozzles, vortices	The erosion and cleaning effect of jets is enhanced when the degree of cavitation on or near the bottom of the hole is increased. Analyses indicate that self-excited, acoustically resonating nozzles, causing jets to be structured with large discrete vortex rings, should promote cavitation to depths several times greater than for conventional jets. The new nozzle designs are shown to be suitable for existing mechanical drill bits and may even affect hole cleaning in the absence of cavitation.	https://sci-hub.se/10.1115/1.3231053 doi:10.1115/1.3231053
4999	Journal Article	El Hassan, M., Bukharin, N., Al Khouz, W., Zhang, J-W., Li, W-F	2021	A Review on the Erosion Mechanism in Cavitating Jets and Their Industrial Applications	Applied Sciences		MDPI, Mechanical Engineering Section				cavitating jets, erosion mechanism, CAVIJET, jet flow	Cavitating jets have been widely studied for over a century, but despite the extensive literature on this subject, the implementation of cavitating jets in many industries is still very limited due to technical challenges. The main purpose of the present paper is to provide recommendations on using the cavitating jets based on a comprehensive literature review on the erosion mechanism in these jets. Self-resonating jets are extensively discussed in the present paper due to their importance in amplifying the erosion effect of cavitating jets. The influence of different jet nozzle geometric parameters and the operating conditions of the cavitating jet flow on the erosion mechanism is also discussed. Finally, well drilling in addition to multiple other industrial applications of cavitating jets are examined.	https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/7/3166
4998	Video	Greenyer, R. W.	2022	Fractal Toroidal Moment Induced Transformation Reactions - A Coherent Matter Driven Process - V02	27th Russian Cold Nuclear Transmutation and Ball Lightning conference 2022					Slides may be downloaded here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TCNjfyoKPLY1Knu1AIwUvBIzd0fmOhaG/view?usp=sharing	Fractal, Toriodal Moment, Induced Transformation Reactions, Ball Lightning, Coherent Matter,	Bob Greenyer's Presentation at the 27th Russian Cold Nuclear Transmutation and Ball Lightning conference 2022, walks through repeatable 3rd party experiments that underpin his reasoning for a return to a pressure model of gravity, last popular around 110 years ago. He explains how this plays into extraordinary MFMP observations of coherent matter effects and apparent interactions, via the fractal toroidal moment, with the spin of dark and ordinary matter, potentially yielding high frequency gravity waves and focussing thereof. Matsumoto documented ‘gravity waves’ in his Pd D experiments in 1990 which may be responsible for the 'gravity decay' of matter he said he observed. Taken together, this supports claims made in 2018 for destruction of matter and related nuclear fusion technology claimed on behalf of the United States NAVY.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gux490Oywoo
4997	Video	Greenyer, R. W.	2022	VEGA - The Apparatus							VEGA	First up is a discussion of the reactor chamber that made the VEGA Valley and how making that enlightening sample was a serendipitous event. Then comes the chamber that has been used for many of the VEGA experiments since that were conducted by Henk, including the ones I participated in and recorded during the second week of August 2022.	https://remoteview.substack.com/p/vega-the-apparatus
4996	Book	Matsumoto, T.	2000	Steps to the Discovery of Electro-Nuclear Collapse: Collected Papers (1989-1999)						Available from Amazon and other booksellers		This book is an account of the journey of one life-long nuclear scientist as he discovered that the power of supernova to re-organise matter can be induced in simple experiments. "Far in the universe, nuclear collapses very often take place by the gravitational force after stars consume their fuel. Since the electromagnetic force is about 40 orders stronger than the gravitational force, it should be easy to induce similar nuclear collapses by the electromagnetic force in laboratory. But we never knew until now how to do that. Recently, the author discovered a nuclear collapse which was induced by the electromagnetic force in laboratory, during studying the mechanisms of so-called "Cold Fusion (CF)" phenomena. Several kinds of nuclear reaction which were directly induced by the electromagnetic force, called "Electro-Nuclear Reaction (ENR)," were found so far to occur in a special state of hydrogen clusters, called "itonic clusters," or "micro Ball Lightning (BL)." The nuclear collapse was one of the most remarkable reactions among ENRs, called "Electro-Nuclear Collapse (ENC)." Furthermore, very amazingly, completely broken materials by ENC were found to be regenerated again to thin tubes and films of conventional elements such as carbon, oxygen and iron. The latter process was called "Electro-Nuclear Regeneration (ENG)
4995	Journal Article	Kolokolov, D. V.	2021	Theory of filamentous dark matter by B.U. Rodionov - summary							filamentous dark matter	On February 23, 2021, Boris Ustinovich Rodionov, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, leading researcher at the Institute of Content and Teaching Methods of the Russian Academy of Education, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, member of the Russian Philosophical Society, passed away. In recent years, Boris Ustinovich has been engaged in substantiating the theory of filamentous dark matter. A number of his lectures and articles are devoted to this issue, some of which the reader can get acquainted with on this website. This article is an introduction to this theory and aims to give the reader a general idea of it, so that in the future he can more freely navigate this issue.	http://materialucida.com/images/SF/fdmshort-en.pdf
4994	Journal Article	Fryberger, D.	2009	A Ball Lightning Model as a Possible Explanation of Recently Reported Cavity Lights*	SLAC-PUB-13583 April 2009		SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory				Ball Lightning, Cavity Lights, mobile luminous objects, superconducting accelerator cavities, dyality rotation	The salient features of cavity lights, in particular, mobile luminous objects (MLO’s), as have been experimentally observed in superconducting accelerator cavities, are summarized. A model based upon standard electromagnetic interactions between a small particle and the 1.5 GHz cavity excitation field is described. This model can explain some features of these data, in particular, the existence of particle orbits without wall contact. While this result is an important success for the model, it is detailed why the model as it stands is incomplete. It is argued that no avenues for a suitable extension of the model through established physics appear evident, which motivates an investigation of a model based upon a more exotic object, ball lightning. As discussed, further motivation derives from the fact that there are significant similarities in many of the qualitative features of ball lightning and MLO’s, even though they appear in quite different circumstances and differ in scale by orders of magnitude. The ball lightning model, which incorporates electromagnetic charges and currents, is based on a symmetrized set of Maxwell's equations in which the electromagnetic sources and fields are characterized by a process called dyality rotation. It is shown that a consistent mathematical description of dyality rotation as a physical process can be achieved by adding suitable (phenomenological) current terms to supplement the usual current terms in the symmetrized Maxwell's equations. These currents, which enable the conservation of electric and magnetic charge, are called vacuum currents. It is shown that the proposed ball lightning model offers a good qualitative explanation of the perplexing aspects of the MLO data. Avenues for further study are indicated.	https://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/slacpubs/13500/slac-pub-13583.pdf
4993	Journal Article	Zhvirblis, V. E.	1995	The Bagel Game						Translation from Chemistry of Life 1995 article by Bob W. Greenyer B. Eng. – RemoteView.ICU OBSERVATIONS		Some things, the existence of which cannot be proved or considered probable, but which, precisely because pious and conscientious people treat them as something that really exists, come a little nearer to being able to exist and be born. - H. Hesse. The Bead Game About seven years ago, in a Moscow basement, which housed a mysterious organization, the employees of which did not really know where it came from and where it disappeared to, I saw a real ghost. But the ghost was not in the style of the English one - with chains, sad sighs, etc. - but quite modern, scientifically referred to as an electromagnetic phantom.	https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t4DQ5nXCd3jxKEsIDI-rAbzY65zkRvfo/view
4992	Journal Article	Fryberger, D.	1994	A MODEL FOR BALL LIGHTNING	SLAC–PUB–6473 October 1994 (T/E)					Invited talk presented at the First International Workshop on the Unidentified Atmospheric Light Phenomena in Hessdalen, Hessdalen, Norway, March 23–27, 1994. Work supported by Department of Energy contract DE–AC03–76SF00515.	ball lightning, vorton, plasma, Hessdalen, atmospheric luminous phenomena	A model for ball lightning (BL) is described. It is based upon the vorton model for elementary particles, which exploits the symmetry between electricity and magnetism. The core, or driving engine, of BL in this model is comprised of a vorton-antivorton plasma. The energy of BL, which derives from nucleon decay catalyzed by this plasma, leads, through various mechanisms, to BL luminosity as well as to other BL features. It is argued that this model could also be a suitable explanation for other luminous phenomena, such as the unidentified atmospheric light phenomena seen at Hessdalen. It is predicted that BL and similar atmospheric luminous phenomena should manifest certain features unique to this model, which would be observable with suitable instrumentation.	https://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/slacpubs/6250/slac-pub-6473.pdf
4991	Journal Article	Nevessky, N.E.	1993	Electromagnetic fields of current structures	Translation (V.02) from Electricity Journal, 1993, pp. 49-52 article by Bob W. Greenyer B. Eng.							Current structures of various complexity are often used as nodes in all kinds of electronic circuits. Each of such structures, powered by alternating current, creates an electromagnetic field in the surrounding space with a characteristic configuration reflecting the features of the emitting structure. Reference books usually provide expressions for the field of a dipole or, at best, for a ring with a current. There are no formulas for fields of current structures of higher order, although these fields are very interesting in their own right.	https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VvqSZwyOYoCv_BbVXaS1vHUHKJWdUtSK/view
4990	Report	Tsubota, M.	2008	Quantized Vortices and Quantum Turbulence						・ M. Tsubota, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.77 (2008) 111006 ・ Progress in Low Temperature Physics Vol.16, eds. W. P. Halperin and M. Tsubota, Elsevier, 2009	Quantized Vortices, Quantum Turbulence	Summary 0. Introduction Basics of Quantum Hydrodynamics of the GP model, Brief research history of QT 1. Vortex lattice formation in a rotating BEC 2. QT by the GP model -Energy spectrum3. QT in atomic BECs 4. Quantized vortices in two-component BECs Quantum Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, QT	https://www.kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ndams/presentation/tsubota.pdf
4989	Video	Greenyer, R. W.	2022	VEGA - 15mm BL cut - scallops and EVO self organisation			MFMP					This is part one of a two part look at the area around a 15mm Ball Lightning cut into a copper pipe. A high level of detail of the scalloped cut side wall showing something very different from melting occurred. Several levels of self organised EVO witness marks are characterised.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPX7gmRmeq0
4988	Journal Article	E. A. L. Henn,1,* J. A. Seman,1 G. Roati,2 K. M. F. Magalha˜es,1 and V. S. Bagnato	2009	Emergence of Turbulence in an Oscillating Bose-Einstein Condensate	PRL 103, 045301 (2009) Selected for a Viewpoint in Physics PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS week ending 24 JULY 2009						turbulence, oscillating, Bose Einstein Condensate	We report on the experimental observation of vortex tangles in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of 87Rb atoms when an external oscillatory perturbation is introduced in the trap. The vortex tangle configuration is a signature of the presence of a turbulent regime in the cloud. We also show that this turbulent cloud suppresses the aspect ratio inversion typically observed in quantum degenerate bosonic gases during free expansion. Instead, the cloud expands keeping the ratio between their axis constant. Turbulence in atomic superfluids may constitute an alternative system to investigate decay mechanisms as well as to test fundamental theoretical aspects in this field	https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.045301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.045301
4987	Journal Article	Kobayashi, M., Tsubota, M.	2007	Quantum turbulence in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate	VOLUME 88, NUMBER 1 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 7 JANUARY 2002						quantum turbulence, Bose-Einstein Condensate	We study quantum turbulence in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates by numerically solving the GrossPitaevskii equation. Combining rotations around two axes, we successfully induce quantum turbulent state in which quantized vortices are not crystallized but tangled. The obtained spectrum of the incompressible kinetic energy is consistent with the Kolmogorov law, the most important statistical law in turbulence.	https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.76.045603 http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.76.045603
4986	Journal Article	Hodby, E., Hechenblaikner, G., Hopkins, S.A., Maragò, O.M., Foot, C.J.	2002	Vortex Nucleation in Bose-Einstein Condensates in an Oblate, Purely Magnetic Potential	VOLUME 88, NUMBER 1 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 7 JANUARY 2002						Vortex Nucleation, Bose Einstein Condensate, Magnetic Potential	We have investigated the formation of vortices by rotating the purely magnetic potential confining a Bose-Einstein condensate. We modified the bias field of an axially symmetric TOP trap to create an elliptical potential that rotates in the radial plane. This enabled us to study the conditions for vortex nucleation over a wide range of eccentricities and rotation rates.	https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.010405
4985	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	O-Day – Understanding True Charge Separation						https://books.google.com/books/about/Secrets_of_Cold_War_Technology.html?id=s5u_PAAACAAJ	HAARP, Charge Separation	Bob Greenyer of the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project has posted a new video titled “O-Day – Understanding True Charge Separation” In the video he reviews a book titled Secrets of Cold War Technology: Project HAARP and Beyond by Gerry Vassilatos, which discusses military technology research from the cold war era which the author claims resulted in the development of ” an amazing radiation technology far in advance of any system known. Currently and routinely utilised, it has remained a well guarded ‘open secret’ for decades.”	https://youtu.be/A9cDxPmnWQw	https://e-catworld.com/2022/10/17/new-mfmp-video-o-day-understanding-true-charge-separation/
4984	Journal Article	Hubler, G.K.	2022	A Possible Heuristic Explanation of Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVO's, Charge Clusters)	ResearchGate						Exotic Vacuum Clusters, EVO, Charge Clusters, Ken Shoulders, soliton, micro shaped charge, Vacuum Arc, Pulsed Electron Beam, Pulsed Laser	In early 90's, Ken Shoulders was granted 5 patents on Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVO) claiming that they were a new form of matter. He produced many monographs about them and suggested they were the physics that explained cold fusion. In Ken Shoulders words, EVO's are, "Highly organized, micron-sized clusters of electrons, having soliton behavior, with electron populations density on the order of Avogadro's number per cm 3 (A typical 2µm EVO has a population of 10 11 to 10 13 electrons). When interacted with solid material, these charge clusters perform a low-energy phase transformation type of atomic disruption that liquefies the lattice and propels the material to a high velocity without apparent signs of conventional heating. Using an ordinary thermal interpretation, a thermal gradient for bulk material greater than 26,000 degrees C per micrometer would be required to achieve these effects". This paper presents lessons from thin film deposition methods like Vacuum Arc, Pulsed Electron beam, Pulsed Laser whose commonality with EVO generation is pulse energy impingement on a target. Rather than the hypothesis of a "new form of matter" as an explanation of EVO's, it is hypothesized that generation of a micro shaped-charge, in analogy with explosively formed shaped-charge munitions, can explain the characteristics of surfaces that were struck by EVO's. This hypothesis reproduces the effects that are underlined in the text above.	364331067_A_Possible_Heuristic_Explanation_of_Exotic_Vacuum_Objects_EVO's_Charge_Clusters	https://e-catworld.com/2022/10/23/new-paper-by-graham-hubler-a-possible-heuristic-explanation-of-exotic-vacuum-objects-evos-charge-clusters/
4983	Journal Article	Alexandrov, D.	2022	Low-energy nuclear fusion reactions in solids: Experiments	Wiley Online Library		Wiley				LENR, deuterium, helium He3, He4, molybdenum, palladium, nanowires	Replicable experimental results about low-energy nuclear fusion reactions based on initially reacting deuterium nuclei giving cold nuclear fusion synthesis of helium (both isotopes 3He and 4He) and energy release as final products are reported in this article. These final products are results of interaction of deuterium with the solids in experimental system including two specimens: molybdenum metal and palladium nanowires. Experimental proofs about cold nuclear fusion synthesis of both 3He and 4He are provided. It reported a correlation between concentration of the generated helium and the measured temperature of the sample holder. It is found that the concentrations of both 3He and 4He increase with increase of the kinetic energies of the interacting deuterium nuclei and also with increase of the temperature of the sample holder.	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/er.6356 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6356
4982	Journal Article	Alexandrov, D.	2022	Low-energy nuclear fusion reactions in solids: Experiments	Wiley Online Library		Wiley				LENR, deuterium, helium He3, He4, molybdenum, palladium, nanowires	Replicable experimental results about low-energy nuclear fusion reactions based on initially reacting deuterium nuclei giving cold nuclear fusion synthesis of helium (both isotopes 3He and 4He) and energy release as final products are reported in this article. These final products are results of interaction of deuterium with the solids in experimental system including two specimens: molybdenum metal and palladium nanowires. Experimental proofs about cold nuclear fusion synthesis of both 3He and 4He are provided. It reported a correlation between concentration of the generated helium and the measured temperature of the sample holder. It is found that the concentrations of both 3He and 4He increase with increase of the kinetic energies of the interacting deuterium nuclei and also with increase of the temperature of the sample holder.	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/er.6356 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6356
4981	Conference Proceedings	Frazier, C.L.	2022	ICCF24 Solid-State Energy Summit: Day by Day Commentary	Infinite Energy Magazine			Mountain View, California	July 25 - 28, 2022		ICCF24, Solid State Energy, Conference	Commentary on each day of this conference	http://www.infinite-energy.com/resources/ICCF24-Solid-State-Energy-Summit.html
4980	Conference Proceedings	The Organisers	2022	ICCF24 Solid State Energy Summit Conference Abstracts				Mountain View, California, USA	July 25 - 28, 2022		Abstracts, ICCF24, Solid State Energy	Abstracts for both papers and presentations.	https://www.iccf24.org/_files/ugd/d37f88_29485442383545328a55eaf7c6b70616.pdf
4979	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	O-Day - Magnets & Mushrooms	Remote View		YouTube					Review of "O-Day - Gravity transformation" Explaining the hydrodynamic (magnetohydrodynamic) ULTR experiment, HHO and more	https://youtu.be/2MGR0G-0LEM
4978	Journal Article	Chukanov, K.	2022	The Chukanov Quantum Generator							quantum generator, EVO	Mr. Chukanov found a way to start and keep the EVO alive for unlimited time, using special chamber inside an industrial microwave. But this generator produce heat, not electricity directly	http://energyrevolution.space/index.php/en/about-2/operating-principle-of-utility-model-4015	https://e-catworld.com/2022/09/17/the-chukanov-quantum-generator/
4977	Project	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Replication of Potential EVO Powered Energy Generator						Ongoing Google Project by the MFMP	XENON, bulb, HID		https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MCRwzmP7CnJx43KOA6SJO1BGDp577FP2SnvMJNj7iEg/edit	https://e-catworld.com/2021/12/18/mfmp-project-xeno-replication-of-potential-evo-powered-energy-generator/
4976	Journal Article	Luciano, O.,F., de Andrade Delvonei, A.	2021	Preliminary Survey on Cold Fusion: It’s Not Pathological Science and May Require Revision of Nuclear Theory	Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry			Nuclear Engineering Center, São Paulo, Brazil.			cold fusion, Pons, Fleishmann	Since 1989 the announcement of “cold fusion” by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleishmann, “cold fusion” field has been surrounded by controversy. After three decades, this field is alive and has produced thousands of publications, most in dedicated periodic and conferences. This work aims at checking whether “cold fusion” fits in pathological science traits. For each type of experiment and year, this work counted the distinct research groups results (success or failure). Experimental results from many research groups suggest that nuclear reactions in solids are more complex than fusion (it is not only fusion) and that they need energy triggers like background radiation, meaning chemical configurations alone do not seem to generate nuclear reactions. Some types of experiments present rising trends (the field does not fit in pathological science model) and have potential to bring disruptive technologies. If confirmed, experimental results will require revisions of accepted nuclear models.	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1572665721008973	https://e-catworld.com/2021/11/18/paper-preliminary-survey-on-cold-fusion-its-not-pathological-science-and-may-require-revision-of-nuclear-theory-journal-of-electroanalytical-chemistry/
4975	Patent	Childs, M. W.	2021	Plasma heating apparatus, system and method	USPO						plasma, heating, boiler, cathode, gas, double layer, Paschen's Law	A plasma heating apparatus including a boiler vessel for holding water to be heated, a cathode housed in the vessel, the cathode defining a watertight cathode chamber isolated from the water in the vessel, and, an anode housed in the cathode chamber, the anode including an internal passage for receiving a gas from outside of the vessel when the passage is connected to a gas supply, and wherein the anode is connectable to a power source for receiving power for generating a plasma in the cathode chamber. In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a heat or power generating system or plant including the plasma heating apparatus.	https://patents.google.com/patent/US11112109B1/en?assignee=Aureon+Energy+Ltd.&sort=new	https://e-catworld.com/2021/10/26/aureon-energy-patent-plasma-heating-apparatus-system-and-method/
4974	Journal Article	Axil, A.	2022	The Magnetic Singularity in the EVO	E-Cat World	Acland, F.				https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_monopole	Magnetic Monopole, EVO, Skyrmion, quasiparticle, polariton, Dirac, magnetic charge	The following post was posted by Axil Axil in a comment. This post explores implications that involves the existence of the magnetic singularity that appears in the EVO as described in Bob Greenyer’s lecture on the Skyrmion formation of the EVO. My post will attempt to explain the theory behind how an EVO can remediate nuclear waste. One implication is the existence of a magnetic monopole as an implication of the magnetic singularity generated by the Skyrmion. I contend that this singularity is the magnetic monopole that science has been looking for over a hundred years. First I contend that the particle that forms the EVO is a electron that has been reformed by removing it mass and charge to just leave its spin. This changeless and massless quasiparticle is called a polariton. I further contend that this particle is the Dirac magnetic charge. The polariton is the quantum of magnetic charge.	https://e-catworld.com/2021/10/18/the-magnetic-singularity-in-the-evo-axil-axil/
4973	Journal Article	Gordon, F.E., Whitehouse, H.J.	2022	Lattice Energy Converter	Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science				35 (2022) 30-48		Direct energy conversion, Ionizing radiation electricity generation	Multiple implementations of a Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) have demonstrated the ability to self-initiate and self-sustain the production of a voltage and current over extended periods of time. A LEC converts the internal energy within the lattice of some materials, such as palladium, or of gases occluded within the lattice, such as hydrogen or deuterium, into ionizing radiation and electrical energy. Experiments include tests where the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the LEC were measured when an external voltage/current was applied, as well as other I-V tests where the spontaneous LEC voltage was measured as a function of temperature and resistance. LEC voltage and current has been shown to increase with increased temperature. The electrical power produced by a LEC is similar to that produced by a nuclear battery however, a LEC does not require radioactive materials. While the energy levels produced to date are several orders of magnitude below those required for most power sources, the calculated flux of ionizing radiation necessary to produce the experimentally measured voltage and current would require the equivalent of several curies of radiation. These results have been independently replicated by two individuals. A video of the Lattice Energy Converter presentation, from the 2021 LENR workshop in honor of Dr. Srinivasan, is available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4dzTWY_aWM This paper expands on the YouTube video presentation with additional analysis that supports the observed experimental results.	https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzh.pdf#page=36
4972	Video	Clarage, M.	2022	The Light of Life							light, living cells, seeds, DNA	Michael Clarage is the lead scientist of the SAFIRE Project (https://www.safireproject.com/) In this Video, he discusses research that shows that living cells emit light, and that this light can change the behavior of other cells. Some examples include the fact that seeds do not emit light during the winter, but during spring time it does. Also, the human body emits light to a greater degree in the summer compared to winter. He discusses how our DNA is an antenna that both absorbs and emits light and information.	https://youtu.be/byqsJE4ZHxM	https://e-catworld.com/2022/05/16/video-the-light-of-life-michael-clarage/
4971	Website of Interest	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Remote View		Greenyer, R.W.	Substack			Well worth the subscription	O-Day, VEGA, fractal EM toroids, oscillating magnetic fields, 'Bagels', LION, MTEC, electric discharges, Strange Radiation, EVOs, Hutchison Effect, ULTRA, Brown's Gas, Ohmasa Gas, Parkhomov, Matsumoto, LENR, Fukushima, Monopoles, Coherent Matter, cavitation, radionuclide remediation, solitons	A subscriber-only site, which Bob Greenyer (Robert William Greenyer B.Eng. (Hons.)) has been running since November 2020. Anyone may subscribe to one of a range of schemes but perhaps the most economical one is yearly for $US50. Bob sends out regular articles on all things related to his ongoing work and that of the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project (see Keywords).	https://remoteview.substack.com/
4969	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	O-Day – Game 0-ver			YouTube		May 16, 2022			Bob Comments: " They had 3 years to reveal 'O' and a further 2 to come clean. As predicted, they went for scorched Earth. No more nonsense resource scarcity wars and military subjugation for profit, it’s GAME 'O' VER… Are you 'READY' to 'LEVEL UP' humanity? Time for a 'NEW GAME. "	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2c6QYc8yWo https://drive.google.com/file/d/13H6HOFG8MryIBoPvXSAThs21KzKesaMW/view?usp=sharing	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2c6QYc8yWo
4968	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	Hutchison Effect - The sword in the stone					Apr 25		Hutchison, VEGA Valley, SEM, EDS, MFMP	In the context of recent observations on the VEGA Valley, Bob takes a look at the SEM/EDS data from MFMP Hutchison sample 20 'The Knee' and discuss microscopy of one of the most famous Hutchison samples, 'the sword in the stone'.	https://youtu.be/9F7MFpZ0OUU
4967	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	OHMA - Plain and Pd coated steel vibrator plate SEM-EDS data review			YouTube		Streamed live on May 2, 2022	Has 'O-Day' Arrived?		Bob explains how he 'hijacked' his own video: 'I was meant to be presenting something else then I got an answer from one of the Russian community to the question I had asked referring to some of my previous research – the respondent, Vladimir Mikhailovich, sent the Soviet Era research paper as his reply – so I hijacked my own presentation 30 mins before I started it' Bob talks about the paper and provides translations from it in the video.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03MIaic_lT4	https://e-catworld.com/2022/05/02/has-o-day-arrived-bob-greenyer-video/
4966	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	VEGA - Clarity							EVO, Itonic Clusters, Ball Lightning	Has the VEGA eastern plateau unlocked the way EVOs/Itonic Clusters/Ball lightning forms, acts and dies?	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTMgCAPXbM4&t=8s	https://e-catworld.com/2022/04/22/vega-a-clear-view-from-the-vega-valley-eastern-plateau-bob-greenyer/
4965	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	Brown/Ohmasa gas effect replication			YouTube			Data and images are published here: https://remoteview.substack.com/p/brownohmasa-gas-effect-replication?s=w	Brown's Gas, Ohmasa Gas, Alan Goldwater, Coherent Matter	Here’s a video from the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project, in which Bob Greenyer discusses the role of Ohmasa/Brown’s gas in LENR/Cold Fusion observations. Bob writes: 'Working with David Boutilier’s engineering and experimentation and Alan Goldwater’s analysis at his Magic Sound Lab, it appears as if some of our previous Ohmasa gas observations have been replicated. What does it mean? Is there any support in prior literature?'	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndiA2RutUic	https://e-catworld.com/2022/03/15/new-mfmp-video-brown-ohmasa-gas-effect-replication/
4964	Journal Article	Baramsai, B., Benyo, T., Forsley, L., Steinetz, B.	2022	NASA’s New Shortcut to Fusion Power: Lattice confinement fusion eliminates massive magnets and powerful lasers	IEEE Spectrum		IEEE		27 Feb 2022	The authors explain that they have experimentally observed ‘screened fusion’ where an energetic deuteron fuses with another deuteron in a metal lattice, releasing energy and causing further fusion reactions. They say they have also achieved nuclear reactions with deuterium gas in palladium-silver tubing. More technical detail is provided in the paper.	NASA, Fusion, Lattice Confinement	PHYSICISTS FIRST SUSPECTED more than a century ago that the fusing of hydrogen into helium powers the sun. It took researchers many years to unravel the secrets by which lighter elements are smashed together into heavier ones inside stars, releasing energy in the process. And scientists and engineers have continued to study the sun’s fusion process in hopes of one day using nuclear fusion to generate heat or electricity. But the prospect of meeting our energy needs this way remains elusive.	https://spectrum.ieee.org/lattice-confinement-fusion	https://e-catworld.com/2022/02/28/article-nasas-new-shortcut-to-fusion-power-ieee-spectrum/
4963	Magazine Article	Amos, J.	2022	Major breakthrough on nuclear fusion energy	BBC News Website			Culham in Oxfordshire		Steven Krivit is a long time critic of the ITER project which JET supports: http://news.newenergytimes.net/iter-fusion-power-output-consumption-facts-and-falsehoods/	JET, hot nuclear fusion, deuterium - tritium reaction, Tokamak, torus, plasma, magnetic confinement, ITER	European scientists say they have made a major breakthrough in their quest to develop practical nuclear fusion - the energy process that powers the stars. The UK-based JET laboratory has smashed its own world record for the amount of energy it can extract by squeezing together two forms of hydrogen. If nuclear fusion can be successfully recreated on Earth it holds out the potential of virtually unlimited supplies of low-carbon, low-radiation energy. The experiments produced 59 megajoules of energy over five seconds (11 megawatts of power). This is more than double what was achieved in similar tests back in 1997. It's not a massive energy output - only enough to boil about 60 kettles' worth of water. But the significance is that it validates design choices that have been made for an even bigger fusion reactor now being constructed in France. Also covered in ECW, cited below, with feedback	https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60312633	https://e-catworld.com/2022/02/09/major-breakthrough-reported-in-nuclear-fusion-experiments/
4962	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	Safe and Sound					February 20, 2022			Bob discusses the potential implication of apparent data from sound experiments with consideration to piezo electric conversion from and to electromagnetic waves. Live feedback	https://youtu.be/DwB7OcPXPeU
4961	Patent	Haisch, B., Moddel, G.	2005	Quantum vacuum energy extraction						US7379286B2	electromagnetic quantum vacuum, Casimir cavity, scalable	A system is disclosed for converting energy from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum available at any point in the universe to usable energy in the form of heat, electricity, mechanical energy or other forms of power. By suppressing electromagnetic quantum vacuum energy at appropriate frequencies a change may be effected in the electron energy levels which will result in the emission or release of energy. Mode suppression of electromagnetic quantum vacuum radiation is known to take place in Casimir cavities. A Casimir cavity refers to any region in which electromagnetic modes are suppressed or restricted. When atoms enter into suitable micro Casimir cavities a decrease in the orbital energies of electrons in atoms will thus occur. Such energy will be captured in the claimed devices. Upon emergence form such micro Casimir cavities the atoms will be re-energized by the ambient electromagnetic quantum vacuum. In this way energy is extracted locally and replenished globally from and by the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. This process may be repeated an unlimited number of times. This process is also consistent with the conservation of energy in that all usable energy does come at the expense of the energy content of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Similar effects may be produced by acting upon molecular bonds. Devices are described in which gas is recycled through a multiplicity of Casimir cavities. The disclosed devices are scalable in size and energy output for applications ranging from replacements for small batteries to power plant sized generators of electricity.	https://patents.google.com/patent/US7379286B2/en	https://e-catworld.com/2022/02/16/article-zero-point-energy-infinite-possibilities-medium-com/ https://medium.com/predict/zero-point-energy-infinite-possibilities-f66fb3e4aeb2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_electrodynamics https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344897337_Extraction_of_Zero-Point_Energy_from_the_Vacuum_Assessment_of_Stochastic_Electrodynamics-Based_Approach_as_Compared_to_Other_Methods
4960	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	Simple multi-layer radiation detection?							radiation detection, instant photographic film, accumulation	A look at a potentially elegant way to detect radiation using widely available instant film in a non-standard way. Using photographic film in this way is advantageous as it can capture emissions from a large area over a long period of time allowing for accumulation of sporadic or low probability interactions.	https://youtu.be/HO5KKrBxuzQ
4959	Video	Greenyer, R.W., Fomitchev-Zamilov, M.	2022	Cavitation Bubble Fusion Reactor			YouTube		February 2022		cavitation bubble fusion, deuterium oxide, neutron flux	Dr. Max Fomitchev-Zamilov joins Bob to review his journey that lead him to have potentially discovered an effective way to produce cavitation driven bubble fusion. After his story so far, plans for future work are discussed. Also followed on ECW, cited below	https://youtu.be/z01586zdnM0	https://e-catworld.com/2022/02/07/cavitation-bubble-fusion-reactor-dr-max-fomitchev-zamilov-new-mfmp-video/
4958	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	Vibrations in the Steam Room					29 January 2022		vibrations, over unity, coherent matter, ECCO reactor, Suhas Ralkar, Takaaki Matsumoto, Stanislav Adamenko, Alexander Shishkin	How unexpected, but thankfully shared, observations may have lead to a deep phenomenological understanding of potential 'over unity' energy conversion processes in a coherent matter system. Special focus is on the functioning of ECCO reactor technology of Suhas Ralkar in context of observations of Dr. Takaaki Matsumoto, Stanislav Adamenko and Alexander Shishkin. Also followed on ECW, cited below	https://youtu.be/5BDPUB0YqyQ	https://e-catworld.com/2022/01/31/vibrations-in-the-steam-room-mfmp-video/
4957	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2022	Reconstitution			YouTube		January 2022		EVO, Matsumoto, tracks, VEGA, MFMP	Bob holds a discussion on what appears to happen when an EVO dies with examples including comparison with tracks shared by Dr. Takaaki Matsumoto in September 1991. Then there is a live investigation of a proposed simulation of how these tracks, caught on witness materials by many researchers and in VEGA videos by MFMP collaborators, might be formed. Also followed on ECW, cited below, together with feedback from there.	https://youtu.be/SATtqr-Dn5M	https://e-catworld.com/2022/01/24/reconstitution-after-the-end-of-an-evo-mfmp-video/
4956	Website of Interest	Childs, M.J.	2022	Aureon						This website has recently updated and now includes a series of videos.	electric fields, electric currents, condensed matter, plasma, SAFIRE reactor	Deep space is not an empty vacuum. It is full of matter: organic molecules, dust, metal. It is also full of electric fields, and electric currents moving through the fields. Electric fields and currents naturally condense matter. This is the condensed matter. It could be made up of any combination of elements. It has a positive charge, deep space has a negative charge. Deep space is 99.99 per cent plasma; plasma is a medium through which electric charge can flow. Positive and negative charges seek equilibrium, but in the context of a star, the can’t find equilibrium. This causes the plasma to ignite and organize into a stellar atmosphere: a sun or star is created. The sun gets all its power from its relationship to the interstellar medium. This process can be replicated in the SAFIRE reactor.	https://aureon.ca/	https://e-catworld.com/2021/12/31/aureon-energy-update/
4955	Website of Interest	Iwamura, Y., Ito, T., Kasagi, J., Endo, Y. Yoshino, E., Yoshino, H., Hirano, S.	2021	Clean Planet					2012	A very professional group.	Quantum Hydrogen Energy	Clean Planet has developed Quantum Hydrogen Energy (QHe), a clean form of energy that generates heat by hydrogen quantum diffusion. The diffusion is induced by saturating a miniscule quantity of hydrogen on nanomaterial composed of inexpensive nickel and copper. Its heat density is at least 10,000 times higher than that of natural gas and it is CO2 emission-free. Quantum Hydrogen Energy is clean energy for the next generation that can replace thermal and nuclear power generation. QHe is a heat-generating reaction that occurs in the quantum diffusion of hydrogen, intensely saturated on nanoscale metal complex materials.	https://www.cleanplanet.co.jp/en/
4954	Website of Interest	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project - Facebook page	Facebook						MFMP, Martin Fleischmann	We Are Quantum Heat, an independent, not for profit, community interest company made up of specialists from science, manufacturing, technology and communications. Our goal is to validate the science of LENR and promote widespread, standardised, replications at reputable research institutions around the world. We believe that once proven, research funding and private capital will flow into the field and result in some amazing, life saving, and life improving products. Our plan is to overcome the hurdle of institutional bias against this type of phenomenon. We aim to make the whole process, from the apparatus and procedures, to the whole plan of the project, transparent and as easy to understandable as possible. The MFMP is for the people and by the people. We are transparent about the plan, the designs, the process, the data and the results. All our research data will be published live to the web for everyone to view.	https://www.facebook.com/MartinFleischmannMemorialProject/	http://www.quantumheat.org/ https://e-catworld.com/ https://remoteview.substack.com/ https://steemit.com/@mfmp
4953	All	Goldwater, A.	2021							Bob Greenyer comments: "MFMP Volunteer Alan Goldwater has been meticulously working on a replication of Frank Gordons "Lattice Energy Convertor" here is the live document."	Lattice Energy Converter, Frank Gordon, replication	In their ICCF23 paper Frank Gordon and Harper Whitehouse reported a gas-mode metal cell that produced a DC current and voltage when the metal cathode was prepared in a certain way.They named the device a Lattice Energy Converter, or LEC. It has been replicated and discussed by several other researchers. In particular, James Stevenson’s lab notes have been published, and will inform the research reported here. In the tests reported here, the concentric tubes of the device were installed in an existing reactor chamber built for replication of Mizuno’s R20 system. That enclosure is a 2.75 inch stainless steel conflat tube 300 mm in length. The data, vacuum, gas, and thermal control systems were all well proven in earlier work. An electrically insulating Conflat end flange was added, made from acrylic plastic ½ inch thick. In this series of tests, a combination of electrolyte (Ammonia, Iron Sulfate, Sodium Citrate) and plating current (1.28v, 90 mA) was found that would yield a smooth and well-adhered coating of black iron on a brass cathode tube. Two of the plated tubes were tested, using a galvanized iron pipe for the outer anode with about 1 mm gap. Neither tube showed any voltage above the typical input bias of the DAQ front-end (168±5 mV @ 10 MΩ). Measurements were done in air and in pure H2 over several days, all at ambient temperature of 18-20°C. No change in voltage was seen.	http://www.quantumheat.org/index.php/en/home/mfmp-blog/558-lec?fbclid=IwAR0wWigSncIIFj0FT_TWvi-ZR63RfXK5suGvUXqIeETbjAAhVwgCMcETBqk
4952	All	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	XENO						An on-going project, initiated by Bob Greenyer and followed on the MFMP's Quantum Heat website		Introduction One of John Hutchison’s main pieces of equipment in his experiments was a replica of the Tesla Disruptive discharge unit. Tesla used this in mobile demonstrations of his experiments. During Ken Shoulders’ investigation into John Hutcisons’ effects, he established that was to ultimately be called Exotic Vacuum Objects, could best be made with a self-healing cathode made from a mercury wetted tungsten tip launching the electron clusters into a xenon filled chamber. The elements mercury and xenon would be desirable for their high mass, many d and f shell orbital electrons and in the case of xenon, the lowest ionisation energy of the stable noble gasses. Shoulders determined that if a high current short pulse was emitted from a tip and guided through a truncated cone of dielectric, solitons would form that would result in clusters of electrons and ions at great densities that emitted high energy EUV and even soft X-Ray photons. In 1997, having worked with Ken Shoulders for some time, John was faced with the problem of large sparks flying all over his small but well equipped apartment. To get round this, he chose a large searchlight Xenon HID bulb from HMCS Saskatchewan (DDE 262). Later, by 2007, it was replaced with a short-arc HID Xenon bulb similar to those used in commercial cinema projectors (WARNING - these lamps can explode due to positive internal gas pressure). We know that this solution was able to create EVOs also as it produced many of the 2007 Hutchison samples the MFMP has analysed. Indeed some Xenon HID lamps contain W, Xe and Hg, all three preferred elements detailed in Ken Shoulders Patent.	http://www.quantumheat.org/index.php/en/home/mfmp-blog/559-xeno
4951	All	DAVE, MFMP	2021	XENO - Test 01 - DAVE						Bob Greenyer Comments: Sharing as fast as possible is the goal here - the description as given so far is in the video description and the live document, more forthcoming. These are quick and dirty tests.		Dave "D3S Xenon headlight bulbs connected to my ORBIT transformer with the full bridge rectifier then series 3MOhms to a capacitor bank then another 3MOhms in series to the bulb."	https://youtu.be/JjBUoKIEDz4
4950	Video	Clarage, M.	2021	Solar Gamma Rays—Not So Much \| Thunderbolts					Dec 26, 2021	Bob Greenyer Comments: In a recent ‘Thunderbolts’ video shared with me by LION, the narrator, Michael Clarage discussed the phenomena of total electron stripping of atoms that I believe is possible in Exotic Vacuum Objects. Leonid Urutskoyev had been investigating the implications of this nearly 20 years ago, something I discussed when reviewing the early 2000s Kouropoulos paper. My understanding however, was derived independently, firstly from the magnetic flux loops in LION. I am amazed, at how some people fail to understand the significance of that hard physical data. Then secondly and more specifically, from similar flux loop structures on the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Projects’ Hutchison Fracture sample. Together, I believe these features explain many phenomena on our sun, via indelible evidence.	Sun, Gamma Rays, Electric Model, Alfven, Total Electron Stripping, EVO	The Sun puts out very few gamma rays as detailed in “The Sun Is Spitting Out Strange Patterns of Gamma Rays—and No One Knows Why” posted on Scientific American. It seems there are very few gamma rays in the entire Universe, at least in comparison to the number of photons that we see with our eyes. Astrophysicist and Lead Scientist of The SAFIRE Project, Michael Clarage, PhD—reviewed Donald E. Scott's and Hannes Alfvén’s models of the Sun’s electrical connection to its larger environment, and discussed gamma ray data with Wal Thornhill—explains how electricity can help us think through the gamma ray mystery.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuiBf8TCt0A
4949	Video	DAVE, MFMP	2021	XENO - Test 02 - DAVE								Dave's notes "This was taken with the xenon lamp connected across the capacitor bank through a series spark gap, with only a 3meg resistor between the rectifier and capacitors. With the series spark gap it has this punch sound to it that you don't get without the Spark Gap in series. I only have #10 welding glass so its a bit dark."	https://youtu.be/sIQxHkN0dp0
4948	All	Yue, D. N., Chen, M., Geng, P. F., Yuan, X. H., Weng,S. M., Bulanov, S. S., Bulanov, S. V., Mima, K., Sheng, Z. M., Zhang. J.	2021	Dynamics of moving electron vortices and magnetic ring in laser plasma interaction	Physics of Plasmas, Volume 28, Issue 4		AIP		Submitted: 22 October 2020 Accepted: 21 March 2021 Published Online: 21 April 2021	Bob Reviews this paper on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84Yqea-GhaY	Energy production, transmission and distribution, Vortex dynamics, Magnetic fields, Particle-in-cell method, Laser plasma interactions, Plasma properties and parameters, Magnetic energy, Turbulent flows	Moving electron vortices have been observed in laser interaction with non-uniform near-critical-density plasma by multi-dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulations. In two dimensional geometry, there are two vortices with opposite magnetic polarity, moving perpendicularly to the plasma density gradient direction. The field distribution and particle motion composing such a moving structure have been clearly observed in simulations, which explains the vortex motion. Two components of loop currents are formed around each electron vortex, which dominate the vortex motion. The moving velocity can be as large as a 0.2	https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0034098	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84Yqea-GhaY	A Key Paper
4947	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Dynamics of moving electron vortices and magnetic ring					Dec 6, 2021				https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84Yqea-GhaY	https://sci-hub.se/10.1063/5.0034098 tiny.cc/7nswtz tiny.cc/ybswtz https://www.sci-hub.se/10.1134/S1063784219040066
4946	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Make and Break	Remote View				Dec 20th, 2021			What happens in an EVO life-cycle? What happens when they grow and when they die? Notes on operational mode It is likely that it should be somewhere between corona and anomalous glow (AG) regime rather than spark. King states it should be AG and is probably right. Corona discharge is what Lord Raleigh used in the 1930s and the Correa team also, to see excess. Same with Claytor (proved production of Tritium) and Papp (to build Charge Clusters) and Savvatimovva (most recently presented at ICCF-23) and the ECCO generator of Suhas Ralkar. In fact, Suhas said that if he goes from corona to spark - his fuel containing tubes blew up and the reactor was broken. This is akin to the deliberate blowing up of charge clusters in Papp. Likewise Hutchison needed to have neutral self-similar EVO fragments leaving his discharges in order to interact with metals some distance from his discharges, so violent destruction was appropriate.	https://remoteview.substack.com/p/make-and-break	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cc_k6dskp5g&feature=emb_imp_woyt https://youtu.be/MBQYArxDrdg https://youtu.be/zIt6AVOZJaM https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ba/f8/e8/2562bd8bdf1ffa/US5123039.pdf https://www.intalek.com/Index/Projects/Research/ColdElectricity.pdf https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0506124.pdf https://youtu.be/gcF-KSLIAWs https://youtu.be/_jV_XVgMRiA https://youtu.be/BhitBhess2E
4945	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Explaining the SKL on the one year VEGA-EVO Blaster video anniversary	Remote View						EVOs, electrons, Xenon Lamps, Soft X-Rays, UV, Photo-ionisation	What is necessary is hopefully obvious from my presentation. I would start with a Xenon HID with a number of controllable parameters (one could be frequency), and then use a means to detect EUV and adjust until one started hitting EUV photons with energy above the first ionisation energy of Xenon as calculated in my presentation, at that point the device will feed back and become a current source. EXCEPT, it is really hard to measure EUV - I suggest getting some phosphors that would respond to the EUV as a guide and then look for electrical anomalies. A detailed method is given in the BrLP paper linked below. Whatever one does, one wants to encourage the formation of solitons. This is achieved in a these HIDs by a fast dI/dT as defined by Shoulders having studied John Hutchison’s work. I think there would be a relay in the circuit which may be triggered on a particular detected forward current (or other simple parameter), I believe one must first initiate the strike with the Xenon ballast, which will build EVOs, possibly with field based trap (I have mentioned many times that Shoulders used a penning trap) to focus them in the core as they grow, these will be pumped a little and then allowed to collapse into the anode. Rinse, repeat.	https://remoteview.substack.com/p/explaining-the-skl-on-the-one-year
4944	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Dynamics of Moving Electron Vortices	Remote View				5th December, 2021	Is mainstream science finally, publicly taking EVOs seriously?			https://remoteview.substack.com/p/dynamics-of-moving-electron-vortices	Yue, D. N., Chen, M., Geng, P. F., Yuan, X. H., Weng, S. M., Bulanov, S. S., … Zhang, J. (2021). Dynamics of moving electron vortices and magnetic ring in laser plasma interaction. Physics of Plasmas, 28(4), 042303. doi:10.1063/5.0034098 Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVOs) are related to the natural phenomenon of Ball Lightning, here is what the US Air Force felt about leveraging ball lighting for compact fusion in 1993 based on research done from 1973 onwards. Roth, J. R. (1995). Ball Lightning: What Nature is Trying to Tell the Plasma Research Community. Fusion Technology, 27(3), 255–270. doi:10.13182/fst95-a30388
4943	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Matsumoto - Collected papers 1989-1999 to be released	Remote View				Nov 20th, 2021	I want this to have corrected language and updated images where better source can be found and possibly add an addendum, with some of his papers that are referenced in the index, but that are not included in this collection. So I need a few volunteers to help proof read and correct the text.		On the 18th November 2021, I announced that my friend Sho in Japan had obtained, from the author, verbal permission for me to scan and publish Dr. Takaaki Matsumoto’s 1989-1999 collected works. Dr. Matsumoto is a life-long nuclear scientist who leveraged his experience in radiographic photography and more, to gain unique insights into what was going on in his simple to conduct experiments.	https://remoteview.substack.com/p/matsumoto-collected-papers-1989-1999
4942	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Lion 4 Teardown	Remote View				Sunday 7th November 2021	Live Video presentation with viewer feedback		The LION 4 reactor disassembled and looked at with microscopy.	https://remoteview.substack.com/p/lion-lion-4-teardown
4941	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Bringing 4 H together						What do Takaaki Matsumoto, Brillouin Energy Corporation & Clean Planet have in common?		What do Takaaki Matsumoto, Brillouin Energy Corporation & Clean Planet have in common? Bob examines this question in a Vido presentation with live feedback	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHdYPo0PDsU	Bob's translation of reference [1]. Boiler by "nuclear fusion / heat" is put into practical use, heat is taken out by metal laminated chip. 金属水素間新規熱反応, Poster, August 2018 My translation of reference [3]. New thermal reaction between metallic hydrogen, Poster, August 2018 Takahashi, Akito, October 2021, MHE nuclear-like thermal power generation and guiding TSC theory Experiment Findings Takahashi, Akito, February 2011, Progress in Condensed Cluster Fusion Theory Vol 4, Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science Matsumoto, T. (1990). Observation of New Particles Emitted during Cold Fusion. Fusion Technology, 18(2), 356–360. doi:10.13182/fst90-a29308
4940	Video	Greenyer, R.W., Biberian, J.P.	2021	Electron Scavengers Splitting water and fuel cells.						Presentation to the Russian Cold Nuclear Transmutation & Ball Lightning meeting on Wed 20th	Palladium, Hydrogen	Following a re-broadcasting of Jean-Paul Biberian's presentation of his Frank Gordon Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) replication, Bob discusses other potentially related aspects with respect to VEGA and ULTR that came about after investigating the potential of higher order iron oxides and MFMP director Alan Goldwater’s own LEC replication. Jean-Paul Biberian's paper is entitled "Direct Electrical Power Generation with Palladium and Iron in a Hydrogen Atmosphere" and it was part of a presentation to the Russian Cold Nuclear Transmutation & Ball Lightning meeting on Wed 20th	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9_czIl4gTQ	doi:10.1039/b003977m doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2004.03.0
4939	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	RadiaCode 101 - Android app, Mushrooms & LION 4RadiaCode 101 - Android app, Mushrooms & LION 4			MFMP		Oct 22, 2021	Another review is here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9vEbnqZw9o	RadiaCode, Android, alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays	Bob tests his newly acquired RadiaCode and Android App combination pocket radiation analyser on a number of everyday and then specific instances.	https://youtu.be/26gCZ5ttXUQ	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68yePkYLXRM
4937	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Magnetic Skyrmion					17th October 2021			Bob shows and discusses further examples of Skyrmions, with emphasis on their magnetic effects. With live commentary.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-9kGPs00i0
4936	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Device and method for generating and manipulating coherent matter waves - Max Planck Society 1999							Lockheed Martin, Patent, John Hutchison, coherent matter waves	A discussion in the context of MFMP and others work, of one of the references to the 2011 Lockheed Martin patent that was assigned to the same group that had previous to the application, investigated John Hutchison samples	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ftzVFU-P0U	https://insight.rpxcorp.com/patent/US6476383B1 https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/03/ce/8b/79a466f75c7f39/US9502202.pdf
4935	Video	Banister, R.G., Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Coherent Matter, Matter Synthesis & LENR: An Interview with Bob Greenyer of the MFMP \| FI001					Oct 12, 2021	I apologize for defects in the recording. There was quite a delay on the line that was not as apparent during the interview, and I did my best to edit out the feedback from Bob's speakers while retaining Bob's statements. Also, there seems to be a bad connection which apparently broke up my voice on the Skype recording. Next time I will record outside of this software. Thank you for your patience and understanding. -Ryan G. Banister	MFMP, Bob Greenyer, ULTR, crop circles, BLP, Brillouin, GRANDER, Judy Wood, Directed Free Energy, John Hutchison, Ken Shoulders, Salvatore Pais	Ryan G, Banister from the Field Interference website interviews Bob Greenyer over a wide-ranging topics centred around his and the MFMP's projects and Bob's overview of Cold Fusion, LENR and EVOs	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kifc5dcV2QM
4934	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Binding Energy - Technicalities in a technical test			MFMP				binding energy	A discussion of binding energies in ordinary matter, exotic matter and potential implications.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTBD0J-zsnA	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_energy
4933	All	Goldwater, A.	2021	Exploration of Frank Gordon’s Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) Device							LEC Device, Frank Gordon, James Stevenson	Frank Gordon and Harper Whitehouse demonstrated a gas-mode metal cell that produces a DC current and voltage when the metal cathode is of a certain form. In their ICCF23 paper, they named the device Lattice Energy Converter or LEC. It has been replicated and discussed by several other researchers. In particular, James Stevenson’s lab notes have been published, and the procedures documented there will inform the research reported here.	https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GRSqJurb07GzMGBN75sQGxZzAZ04UplinMKZ1IoDu3s/edit	https://e-catworld.com/2021/10/08/exploration-of-frank-gordons-lec-device-alan-goldwater/ https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/6508-frank-gordon-s-lattice-energy-converter-lec-replicators-workshop/?pageNo=38
4932	Journal Article	Zhou, S.	1999	Abnormal Physical Phenomena Observed When the Sun, Moon And Earth Are Aligned	21st Century						Abnormal Physical Phenomena, gravitation, solar eclipses, lunar eclipses, force and time measurements, neutrinos	Contrary to accepted theories of gravitation, the three-body alignment occurring at solar and lunar eclipse produces a measurable abnormal effect on force and time measurements.	https://21sci-tech.com/Subscriptions/Archive/1999_F.pdf#page=57	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycAaiCOMXsU
4931	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2019	Possible explanations for observed Sun, Moon & Earth alignment effects			MFMP			Bob refers to https://21sci-tech.com/Subscriptions/Archive/1999_F.pdf page 57	Sun, Moon, Earth, alignment, abnormal phenomena, neutrino flux	Ultra Low Energy Neutrino flux interactions are offered as explanation for "Abnormal Physical Phenomena Observed When the Sun, Moon and Earth are Aligned."	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycAaiCOMXsU
4930	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Stimulated cluster decay			YouTube			Over the edge of stability	transmutation, fission, Bismuth, bullets, neutrino-dineutron reactions, exothermic	Bob explores the physics of transmutation of stable elements such as Bismuth, by collision with macro-objects, such as bullets striking steel plates. Including David Boutlier's own experimentation.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgNZwqO4YTU
4929	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Fixing Fukushima - 07 - Silver linings						Bob hosts another YouTube video with live feedback	CaCO3, AU, HHO, coherent matter, transmutations, EVOs, Ball Lightning, Fukushima, Tritiated Water	More detailed review of Au coated CaCO3 both before and after exposure to HHO potentially showing that we have enough data to consider that the technique is producing coherent matter transmutations that should remediate the contaminated water at the same time as produce something of value.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAb4aJM-2kQ		Do we have enough data to know we have a solution to the Tritium laced water?
4928	Encyclopedia		2021	Proton–proton chain							proton, p-p chain, hydrogen, helium, fusion reaction, Sun	The proton–proton chain, also commonly referred to as the p–p chain, is one of two known sets of nuclear fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium. It dominates in stars with masses less than or equal to that of the Sun, whereas the CNO cycle, the other known reaction, is suggested by theoretical models to dominate in stars with masses greater than about 1.3 times that of the Sun.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain
4927	Encyclopedia		2021	CNO cycle	Wikipedia						fusion reactions, stars, Hydrogen, Helium	The CNO cycle is one of the two known sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, the other being the proton–proton chain reaction, which is more efficient at the Sun's core temperature. The CNO cycle is hypothesized to be dominant in stars that are more than 1.3 times as massive as the Sun.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle
4926	Report	Greenyer, R.W.	2016	ECCO - An instant on/off ultrasonically fluidised dusty plasma New Fire reactor			Steemit				ECCO, Ultrasonic Fluidisation, plasma, New Fire	The "ECCO" reactor currently uses 8 alumina tube reactors driven independently to allow scaling of output power from around 1kW to over 8kW Current fuel: Ultrasonic processing of powders in light water for about 200 hours is then finished by pyrolysis 3 Ultrasonic transducers @ 19.46kHz & 1.5kW each for a total of 4.5kW Current fuel: Ti, TiH2, Ni, Al, LiOH, C, K2CO3 Core reactor is standard extruded alumina cylinder Reactors in second steel sheath Starting status: Initial vacuum in cell Through fuel discharge provided by thoriated tungsten welding electrodes Fuel held in place by Nickel foil formed into a plug in to which the needle point of the electrodes passes Pure nickel foil made by plating from Nickel Sulphate onto steel using hydrogen plasma and ultrasonically de-laminating it Fuel not tightly packed, 22mm active zone in Al2O3 tube with 1.6g of fuel occupying <1/3 available space 1 MHz non-symmetrical waveform (fast rise, slow fall) pulsed DC discharge provided by MOSFETs through fuel 2000 - 2400V discharge potential set to prevent spark Approximately 100W applied in non-spark discharge Ultrasonic vibration at same 1MHz applied to fuelled zone in tube in order to fluidise the fuel components Between 15-30W used for the ultrasonic fluidisation Peak input power is approximately 1kW Core temperature (external of ceramic) 1100ºC using S-type thermocouple Tested for 3 months in accumulated on time, only 2-3% output variation during that time Heat exchanger enables transfer of heat to water which is heated to 101ºC Instantly stops reaction when turned off Water heated to boiling inside 5 mins of turn on Claimant used his, his partners and his teams expertise alongside publicly available discussions on the New Fire Reactor was arrived at by informed trial and error without specific theory consideration Many areas identified for improvement and now from a theoretical basis Good fuel testing platform	https://steemit.com/ecco/@mfmp/ecco-an-instant-on-off-ultrasonically-fluidised-dusty-plasma-new-fire-reactor
4925	Report	Greenyer, R.W.	2018	'UFOs' over Hessdalen, Norway explained? Ball Lightning and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions							Ball Lightning, LENR, Plasma Balls, Hessdalen	Apparently natural atmospheric plasmatic ball observations yield data that is in line with multiple low energy nuclear reaction systems observed by the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project, suggesting that there is a link between the two. The possible relationship of mineral deposits local to daytime, non lightning related fire ball phenomena should be investigated. Ball lightning observations not due to lightning may become a method of discovering mineral deposits. An attempt to see if there is any correlation between the observation rate and solar, magnetosphere or cosmic phenomena should be considered.	https://steemit.com/steemstem/@mfmp/ufos-over-hessdalen-norway-explained-ball-lightning-and-low-energy-nuclear-reactions
4924	All	Greenyer, R.W.	2018	What really is ‘New Fire’ Fuel?			Steemit				LENR, New Fire, Parkhomov, abundance, Ohsawa, Egeley, transmutation, ECCO, Strange Radiation, EVO, LeClaire, Nanospire, Adamenko	By ignoring the often touted notion that Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) is impossible and taking the view that it is both a natural and ubiquitous process, let’s let evidence guide us.	https://steemit.com/steemstem/@mfmp/what-really-is-new-fire-fuel
4923	Patent	Rossi, A.	2015	Fluid Heater			US Patent Office		Aug. 25, 2015	Among the embodiments are those in which the fuel mixture includes lithium and lithium aluminium hydride, those in which the catalyst includes a group 10 element, such as nickel in powdered form, or in any combination thereof.		An apparatus for heating fluid includes a tank for holding fluid to be heated, and a fuel wafer in fluid communication with the fluid. The fuel wafer includes a fuel mixture including reagents and a catalyst, and an electrical resistance or other heat source in thermal communication with the fuel mixture and the catalyst.	https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/15/52/79/cadb56a59321ea/US9115913.pdf
4922	Website of Interest	Zugelder, B.	2011	Crop Circle Database						This site is an invaluable resource for researchers. It currently lists over 6,250 events in over 50 countries. The record is updated in print form at the end of each season and the pages are sent out to subscribers to be added to the substantial file. It organizes them by month and also provides a simplified sketch of the later ones, so you can quickly scan for patterns	crop circle, database	A testimony from the late Michael Glickman: In September 2000 I received a remarkable book from Germany. It was a beautifully laid out volume about the crop circles written and compiled by Bertold Zugelder, a graphic design student, as his graduation submission. He was to be awarded an A+ for the work, but much more important for us was the fact that this lovely book foretold Bertold’s initiation of cropcircle-archive.com (which is now cropcirclecenter.com) the most assiduous and comprehensive historic record of the crop circle phenomenon. This site – www.cropcirclecenter.com – is an invaluable resource for researchers. It currently lists over 6,250 events in over 50 countries. The record is updated in print form at the end of each season and the pages are sent out to subscribers to be added to the substantial file. cropcirclecenter.com is an essential reference point for me, whether on line or in printed form. Look at it. Bertold Zugelder deserves our gratitude. Michael Glickman	https://www.cropcirclecenter.com/	http://www.michaelglickmanoncropcircles.com/ https://www.cropcirclecenter.com/misc/MG.html
4921	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	ULTR - Experiment how to 4K			MFMP		Apr 9, 2021	This was a replication of decades of work by one of the Authors, Roger Stringham, mostly using ultrasonic devices in the frequency range of this domestic device. You can review some of his previous work by typing his surname "Stringham" into the "Surname of one Author" field of the following on-line database provided by the MFMP, and hitting the re-fresh pre-filtering button and choosing items for review from the drop down menu	ultrasonic cleaner, Quantum Coherent Torsion Field Reactor, Aluminium	How to conduct a surprisingly simple ultrasonic experiment that reveals the underlying process driving LENR transmutation. Transmutation of elements was observed in ultrasonic experiments conducted by Claytor, T. N., Stringham, R., Fowler, M. 'Cavitation Effects on Various Metals in D2O' In this how-to Video, Bob shows how anyone can build a Quantum Coherent Torsion Field Reactor. He uses an ultrasonic cleaner, a small square of Aluminium foil, the lid from a CD blanks holder and some water.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=By1xWRLE4pY	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=84 Transmutation of elements was observed in ultrasonic experiments conducted by Claytor, T. N., Stringham, R., Fowler, M. "Cavitation Effects on Various Metals in D2O"
4920	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	ULTR - Crop Circles			MFMP		19th September, 2021	Streamed online with live feedback.	ULTR, SEM, EDS	A review of SEM/EDS analysis done on ULTR experiments conducted by Bob W. Greenyer / Alan Goldwater and Prof. Bin-Juine Huang on Al and Cu foils respectively.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSwxzXEQdPE&t=46s
4919	Video	Greenyer, R.W., Johnson, A.	2021	my movie - xx years on			MFMP		Premiered Sep 14, 2021			Andrew Johnson joins Bob Greenyer to discuss a scientific basis for a complete understanding of happenings surrounding 'The Event' with reference to characters involved with both it and the Pons and Fleischmann narrative evaluation. Awarded patents, hard replicated evidence by multiple parties and earth shattering data from past and present is shown for the first time which could easily be verified via equivalent samples held in public venues.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTi0bLvfY6E
4918	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - The Magnetic core of a 'Monopole' ?			MFMP		Streamed live on Sep 15, 2021	Bob presents the analysis on YouTube with live comments	VEGA, Monopole, Ball Lightning	First look at some of the SEM / EDS analysis done on 13th September 2021	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHTDxJbPfXA
4917	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - Further look at SEM/EDS data from the VEGA Valley							VEGA, SEM, EDS, EVO, Ball Lightning	A deeper look at some of the SEM / EDS analysis done on the VEGA Valley	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kM0ICs6V3GY
4916	Journal Article	Adamenko, S.V., Adamenko, A.S., Vysotskii, V.I.	2004	Full-Range Nucleosynthesis in the Laboratory	Infinite Energy					Stanislav V. Adamenko is founder and director of Electrodynamics Laboratory 'Proton21' and is the author of numerous articles.	nucleosynthesis, super-compression, super-heavy, nuclear clusters, isotopes	The problem of super-compression of a solid target to a collapsed state is considered. The basic principles of construction and the parameters of an experimental setup ensuring such a super-compression are described. The model and method of creation and evolution of super-heavy nuclear clusters with 2503,000 to 5,000 in the controlled collapse zone and in the volume of a remote accumulating screen are discussed. The evolution of such clusters in a remote screen results in the synthesis of isotopes with 1	n-21.com.ua/articles/Infin.pdf	https://youtu.be/Xq6kUbLzYCc
4915	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Monopoles, Ball Lightning, EVOs, Coherent Matter and Strange Radiation					Streamed live on Sep 6, 2021	Another video presentation by Bob, with live feedback	Monopoles, Ball Lightning, EVOs, Coherent Matter, Strange Radiation	A look at some of the material intended to be presented at this week's Assisi conference, but that never made it.	https://youtu.be/TLzNf77Pmsk
4914	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Coherent Matter Travelling Wave Beams - Part 2				Assisi			Coherent Matter Wave Beams	After some difficulty, Bob Greenyer managed to do a hash of a presentation of about half of the remaining material.	https://youtu.be/UqDvfCR6P3Y
4913	Journal Article	Mesyats, G., A.	2005	Ectons and their role in plasma processes	Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47 (2005) A109–A151			Moscow			ecton, explosive electron emission, electron avalanches, microexplosions, high energy density, plasma, cathode spots, pseudosparks, coronas, unipolar arcs	The so-called explosive electron emission observed as individual packets or avalanches of electrons is shown to occur on microexplosions at the cathode. This avalanche of electrons is called an ecton. Electron current in an ecton starts flowing as a result of the overheating of the metal because of the high energy density (104 J g−1), and the current stops as the emission zone cools off. Ectons occur in plasma-involving phenomena, such as electrical discharges in vacuum, cathode spots of vacuum arcs, volumetric discharges in gases, pseudosparks, coronas, unipolar arcs, etc	https://sci-hub.se/10.1088/0741-3335/47/5A/010
4912	Journal Article	Allahverdyan, A. E., Nieuwenhuizen, Th. M.	2000	Extraction of Work from a Single Thermal Bath in the Quantum Regime	Physical Review Letters						quantum thermal bath, non-gibbsian, entanglement, Clausius inequality, Fokker-Planck, quantum coherence	The stationary state of a quantum particle strongly coupled to a quantum thermal bath is known to be non-gibbsian, due to entanglement with the bath . For harmonic potentials, where the system can be described by eﬀective temperatures, thermodynamic relations are shown to take a generalized Gibbsian form, that may violate the Clausius inequality. For the weakly-anharmonic case a Fokker-Planck type description is constructed. It is shown that then work can be extracted from the bath by cyclic variation of a parameter. These apparent violations of the second law are the consequence of quantum coherence in the presence of the slightly oﬀ-equilibrium nature of the bath.	DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1799 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/1821045_Extraction_of_Work_from_a_Single_Thermal_Bath_in_the_Quantum_Regime
4911	Report	Wendt, G.L., Irion C.E.	1922	Experimental Attempts to Decompose Tungsten at High Temperatures				Chicago			Tungsten, high temperatures, explosion bulb, Rutherford	With atomic disintegration recognized for 20 years and atomic decomposition‘ now established by the work of RutherfordI2 on the impact of a-particles on light atoms, the astronomical evidence that heavy atoms are not stable at high temperatures3 demands laboratory confirmation. This has become possible through the work of Anderson‘ whose method of exploding wires at temperatures above 20,000°, well above that attributed to the hottest stars, has become valuable in spectroscopy. In our application of this method the wires were exploded within strong glass bulbs so Chat the gaseous products of the explosions could be collected for analysis. The method thus includes factors, both of cause and of error, analogous to those operative in the voluminous and inconclusive controversy on the evolution of helium in various types of low pressure electrical discharge tubes, extending from 1905 to 1915.	https://sci-hub.se/10.1021/ja01430a006
4910	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Assisi - LENR in a Can				Assisi		Download slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/11-72lF7bdOpkK28Ksu8PQ2IDrCDjJZC7/view	Ohmasa Gas, Project OHMA, HHO, phenomenological hypothesis, crustal abundance, alpha conjugate nuclei, fermionic nuclei, Le Claire, Adamenko, nucleo-synthesis, Langmuir, Matsumoto, Rutherford, Chadwick, Brink, Parkhomov, Nanosoft, Mizuno, Urutskoev, Ball Lightning, EVO, Transmutation, Monopoles, Strange Radiation, Condensed Plasmoids, Bogdanovich, Barkla, Shoulders, LION, teleportation, nuclear regeneration, Stankovic, self-masing, VEGA, carbon nanotube, Solin Patent	Bob Greenyer gives an overview of why he suspects data from Ohmasa Gas experiments in 2019 are the result of nuclear reactions.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSBdQ3wocTk
4909	Report	Smith, P.J., Hendricks, R.C., Steinetz, B.M.	2021	Electrolytic Co-deposition Neutron Production Evaluation			NASA		NASA/TM-20210010199		electrochemical, palladium, deuterium, bubble detection	Co-deposition electrochemical cells are a simple means to examine novel nuclear reactions. In this study, palladium and deuterium atoms were co-deposited on a cathode at stoichiometric densities. Bubble detector neutron dosimeters were used to measure equivalent dose levels during electrolytic deposition. Standard configuration cells expected to produce excess neutrons were denoted as experimental cells and contained an electrolyte consisting of palladium(II) chloride, lithium chloride, and heavy water (D2O). The control cells used copper(II) chloride, lithium chloride, and D2O electrolyte. Experimental and control cells were supplied current, increasing from 0.1 to 100.0 mA over a period of 20 days. For test days 9 through 20, the standard configuration experimental cells exhibited significantly higher average neutron radiation than the controls at a 99% confidence level. Alternative configurations involving increasing current over a shortened time scale, substitutions of water in place of D2O or potassium chloride for lithium chloride, as well as inclusion of depleted uranium near the cell cathodes all resulted in inconclusive evidence for promoting neutron production.	https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SmithPJelectrolyt.pdf
4908	Journal Article	Rossi, A.	2019	E-Cat SK and long-range particle interactions						Rossi's own synopsis: Point zero energy-> dV/dT with high dV-> electrons phase change-> formation of electrons clusters in phase-> lower entropy, lower thermal capacity and restricted freedom degrees-> transfer of energy to electrons not in phase->photons emission ( second thermodynamic principle not applicable )-> electrons flow continues the cycle	Aharonov-Bohm effect, Anomalous Heat Effect, Bose-Einstein Condensate, Casimir effect, charge clusters, collective effects, Darwin Lagrangian, electron model, Electrum Validum, geometric phase coherence, long range interactions, low entropy aggregates, pico-metric structures, Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF), relativistic interaction Lagrangian, vector potential, Zitterbewegung electron model	Some theoretical frameworks that explore the possible formation of dense exotic electron clusters in the E-Cat SK are presented. Some considerations on the probable role of Casimir, Aharonov-Bohm, and collective effects in the formation of such structures are proposed. A relativistic interaction Lagrangian, based on a pure electromagnetic electron model, that suggests the possible existence of very low entropy charge aggregates and that highlights the primary role of the electromagnetic potentials in these clusters is presented. The formation of these cluster may be associated to a localized Vacuum polarization generated by a rapid radial charge displacement. The formation of these dense electron clusters are introduced as a probable precursor for the formation of proton-electron aggregates at pico-metric scale, stressing the importance of evaluating the plausibility of special electron-nucleon interactions, as already suggested in [#GullstromRossi]. An observed isotopic dependence of a particular spectral line in the visible range of E-Cat plasma spectrum seems to confirm the presence of a specific proton-electron interaction at electron Compton wavelength scale.	https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long-range_particle_interactions http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28382.48966/11	https://e-catworld.com/2021/08/29/synopsis-of-rossis-zero-point-energy-theory/
4907	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	ULTR - Finger prints					April 9, 2021	Session on YouTube with live feedback	cavitation, CET, microscope, transmutation, collapsing bubble, pumping	Live stream microscope session 21:00 CET 8 April 2021 The extremely simple and cheap ULTR experiments are revealing new insights into how cavitation actually works and by pointing to soviet era research could we be on the way to a clear understanding of how water based technologies could transmute matter and yield excess energy. In the gif anima, you see intense Vortex coming to and from from existing affected areas in the foil. Not just damage by collapsing bubble re-entrant jets - this is a phenomenon that can be pumped and pumped and is self organising to coherence. https://tinyurl.com/etpww4pp Please review the following Project OHMA videos. https://youtu.be/TXTyUrIqCjw https://youtu.be/iK7lGbZxzeY https://youtu.be/fkotptQzKrQ https://youtu.be/fkotptQzKrQ	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gw5mcj3FVTM&t=69s
4906	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Fixing Fukushima - 06 - SEM EDS analysis of CaCO3 before and after HHO exposure							SEM, EDS analysis, CaCO3, HHO, Limelight	Initial review of the data acquired on 24th August 2021 at CEITEC for raw mineral CaCO3 and the sample exposed to Slobodan Stankovic’s HHO gas in Switzerland	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpXNiq-x1B4		Bob gives another video presentation on YouTube with live feedback
4905	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Fixing Fukushima - 05 - Encouragingly consistent first data						Another in the series. As before, there is five feedback and comments below.		Bob Greenyer, before the HHO exposed CaCO3 is due to be put under the SEM/EDS, reviews some very encouraging data we already have to date. Also see: "Ball Lightning: What Nature is Trying to Tell the Plasma Research Community" https://bit.ly/3CZBSp2 https://sci-hub.se/10.13182/FST95-A30388	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7V9cyLokvbc
4904	Report	Egely, G.	1987	Hungarian Ball Lightning Observations (Case 1 - Case 278)			Central Research Institute for Physics, H-1525 Budapest 114, P,O.B. 49, Hungary				ball lightning observations, collection, Hungary, sketches, maps	The collection contains about 300 ball lightning observations, which has been created by polling about 3,000,000 newspaper readers. Only those cases are included in the collection which contain useful information about the physical nature of ball lightning. Some of the descriptions contain a sketch of the event as well and these were drawn by the observers usually during interviews. In the appendix, the cases are sorted according to their characteristic features and the distribution of the impact sites are mapped as well.	https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz7lTfqkED9WdXVZMUs2cE16TnM/view?resourcekey=0-J_ljn6eDEg3BxPT_ekIYYA
4903	Patent	Koloc, P.M.	1977	Method and apparatus for generating and utilizing a compound plasma configuration	USPO		US Patent Office		May 10, 1977			A method and apparatus for generating and utilizing a compound plasma configuration is disclosed. The plasma configuration includes a central toroidal plasma with electrical currents surrounded by a generally ellipsoidal mantle of ionized particles or electrically conducting matter. The preferred methods of forming this compound plasma configuration include the steps of forming a helical ionized path in a gaseous medium and simultaneously discharging a high potential through the ionized path to produce a helical or heliform current which collapses on itself to produce a toroidal current, or generating a toroidal plasmoid, supplying magnetic energy to the plasmoid, and applying fluid pressure external to the plasmoid. The apparatus of the present invention includes a pressure chamber wherein the compound plasma configuration can be isolated or compressed by fluid or other forms of mechanical or magnetic pressure.	https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/75/0b/ab/1bd7d8da26e613/US4023065.pdf
4902	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	More insight on the Technological production of ‘Ball lightning‘							ball lightning, fusion technology, plasma, Roth, Matsumoto, Lewis, Shoulders, US Air Force	Bob Greenyer reviews this paper (supported in part by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research) from 1995 in light of MFMPs research and provide further reasoned guidance for experimentalists.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTfA7qeL7Gk	https://bit.ly/3CZBSp2 https://sci-hub.se/10.13182/FST95-A30388
4901	Journal Article	Corum, J.F., Corum, K.L.	2003	Fireball Production From a Tesla Coil	Electric Spacecraft Journal		Tesla Universe		August 5th, 2003		Tesla Coil, Corum, fireball, spark, VSWR,	James and Kenneth Corum searched the historical record for clues as to how Tesla was able to generate fireballs on-demand. They discovered that operating two, different-frequency coils placed inside the primary made this possible. They also found that airborne carbon or metal particulates enhanced the effect. The fireballs result from the interaction of two frequencies, a stray higher frequency wave imposed on the lower frequency oscillations of the main circuit...As the free oscillation builds up from the zero point to the quarter wavelength node, it passes through various rates of change. In a current of shorter wavelength, the rates of change will be steeper,...[and] a second oscillator may be used to transmit a shorter wavelength current.... When the two currents react on each other, the resultant complex will contain a wave in which there is an extremely steep rate of change, and for the briefest instant currents may move at a tremendous rate, at the rate of millions of horsepower...This condition acts as a trigger which may cause the total energy of the powerful longer wave to be discharged in an infinitesimally small interval of time and at a proportionately tremendously great rate of energy movement which cannot confine itself to the metal circuit and is released into surrounding space with inconceivable violence.	https://teslauniverse.com/nikola-tesla/articles/fireball-production-tesla-coil	https://teslauniverse.com/nikola-tesla/books/nikola-tesla-colorado-springs-notes-1899-1900 https://teslauniverse.com/nikola-tesla/landmarks/nikola-tesla-museum
4900	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Technological production of 'Ball Lightning' vs natural formation			YouTube		Aug 18, 2021		ball lightning, Tesla Coil, Boutilier, Corum	Bob discusses video that has been made by a colleague David Boutilier in which he seems to have been able to produce ball lightning (see an example at the 1:38:35 point in the video below) From the video description: Bob Greenyer will consider some examples of claimed ball lightning that is technologically produced and relate that to examples of natural formation and discuss other important observations.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1-aMp9oJtk&t=18s	https://e-catworld.com/2021/08/18/new-mfmp-video-technological-production-of-ball-lightning-versus-natural-production/
4899	Journal Article	Sengupta, D., Sarkar, T.K.	2021	Maxwell, Hertz, the Maxwellians, and the early history of electromagnetic waves	IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol 45, No 2, 2003					It was found that the Maxwellians had minimal or no influence on Hertz's discovery of electromagnetic waves and on his other accomplishments in electromagnetics	History, light, electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic propagation, electromagnetic waves, Maxwell equations, Maxwell, Hertz, Maxwellians	In 1864, Maxwell conjectured from his famous equations that light is a transverse electromagnetic wave. Maxwell believed that light could be generated electromagnetically. In fact, he was silent about electromagnetic waves and their generation and detection. It took almost a quarter of a century before Hertz discovered electromagnetic waves and his brilliant experiments confirmed Maxwell's theory. Maxwell's ideas and equations were expanded, modified and made understandable by by the efforts of Hertz, Fitzgerald, Lodge and Heaviside, the last three being referred to as the "Maxwellians". The early history of electromagnetic waves, up to the death of Hertz in 1894, is briefly discussed. The work of Hertz and the Maxwellians is briefly reviewed in the context of electromagnetic waves. It is found that historical facts do not support the views proposed by some, in the past, that Hertz's epoch-making findings and contributions were significantly influenced by the Maxwellians.	https://scalarphysics.com/resources/sengupta_sarkar/maxwell_hertz_maxwellians.pdf
4898	Website of Interest	Minderle, T.	2013	Scalar Physics Research Center		Minderle, T.			September 22, 2013	Scalar physics concerns itself with potential and superpotential fields that do not necessarily give rise to magnetic or electric force fields, yet still have meaningful effects. It also points the way to a unified field theory between electricity, magnetism, and gravity. For instance, it may be possible to define the gravitational potential [P] in terms of [A] and thereby unify gravity with electromagnetism.	scalar physics, primordial superpotential, Maxwell's Equations, Oliver Heaviside, electricity, magnetism, gravity	Scalar physics is the science of reality's hidden infrastructure. The electric, magnetic, and gravitational force fields are only the surface layer. Like waves upon the ocean, these forces arise from deeper fields known as potentials, which themselves arise from the primordial superpotential: superpotential → potentials → force fields Force fields derive from specific distortions or undulations in potentials: Vorticity in the magnetic vector potential [A] → magnetic field [B] Gradient in the scalar electric potential [V] → electric field [E] Gradient in the gravitational potential [P] → gravity field [G] Similarly, potentials derive from specific distortions or undulations in the superpotential: Gradient in the superpotential [X] → magnetic vector potential [A] Change over time in the superpotential [X] → electric scalar potential [V] But there also exist potential and superpotential fields that do not give rise to [E], [B], or [G] fields yet still provide certain exotic effects. Examples: gradient-free electric scalar potential [V] curl-free magnetic vector potential [A] gradient-free gravitational potential [P] gradient-free superpotential [X] unchanging superpotential [X] Scalar physics concerns itself with potential and superpotential fields that do not necessarily give rise to magnetic or electric force fields, yet still have meaningful effects. It also points the way to a unified field theory between electricity, magnetism, and gravity. For instance, it may be possible to define the gravitational potential [P] in terms of [A] and thereby unify gravity with electromagnetism.	https://scalarphysics.com/	https://scalarphysics.com/resources/thomas_minderle/thomas_minderle-a_brief_introduction_to_scalar_physics.pdf
4897	Report	Minderle, T	2014	A Brief Introduction to Scalar Physics							scalar physics, Scalar Superpotential, Magnetic Vector Potential, Electric Scalar Potential, Maxwell	The forces of magnetism, electricity, and gravity are distortions of a single primordial field that permeates the universe and comprises the fabric of existence. Vorticity in this field gives rise to magnetic fields. Dynamic undulations give rise to electric fields. Compression or divergence gives rise to gravitational fields. When put into mathematical form, these relations reveal how electric and magnetic fields can be arranged to produce artificial gravity and many other exotic phenomena such as time distortion and the opening of portals into other dimensions.	https://scalarphysics.com/resources/thomas_minderle/thomas_minderle-a_brief_introduction_to_scalar_physics.pdf
4896	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	An explanation for the observed spectra of ball lightning in free air							Ball Lightning, EVO, LENR	Bob Greenyer proposes and discusses an explanation for the only spectra recorded of Ball lightning in air	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlzqi-Dk3Ao	10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.035001 nanosoft.co.nz
4895	Video	Fleischmann, M., Pons, S.	2011	Cold Fusion Press Conference at University of Utah				University of Utah	1989 - March 23		Fleischmann, Pons, Cold Fusion, Utah		https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CfHaeQo6oU		The Press Conference that Started it All
4894	Journal Article	Price, H.	2019	Icebergs In The Room? Cold Fusion At Thirty	3 Quarks Daily					A very insightful article which, unsurprisingly given its author, is worthy of Bertrand Russell himself.	principle of prudence, reputation trap, LENR, Cold Fusion, Fleischmann and Pons, Rossi, Godes, Tanzella, BEC, COP, SPAWAR, epistemic humility	From aviation to zoo-keeping, there’s a simple rule for safety in potentially hazardous pursuits. Always keep an eye on the ways that things could go badly wrong, even if they seem unlikely. The more disastrous a potential failure, the more improbable it needs to be before we can safely ignore it. Think icebergs and frozen O-rings. History is full of examples of the costs of getting this wrong.	https://3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2019/03/icebergs-in-the-room-cold-fusion-at-thirty.html	This article is published under a Creative Commons licence and you are free to reproduce it as long as you give Huw Price and 3 Quarks Daily credit and link back to this page.
4893	Journal Article	Adamenko, S.V., Vysotskii, V.I.	2004	Mechanism of Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei via the Process of Controlled Electron-Nuclear Collapse	Physics Letters		Foundations of Physics Letters, Vol. 17, No. 3, June 2004 (@2004)	Electrodynamics Laboratory			superheavy nuclei synthesis, electron-nuclear collapse, electron-nuclear cluster, degenerate electron gas, Coulomb interaction.	This paper presents a brief review of the existing approaches to the creation of superheavy nuclei in collisions of heavy nuclei to overcome the Coulomb barrier or through the pion condensation in a nucleus volume. A principally new approach to the creation of superheavy nuclei based on the stimulation of a self-organizing collapse of electron-nuclear systems is analyzed. For a neutral atom compressed by external forces, a threshold electron density is shown to exist. If such a density is reached, a self-organizing process of "electron downfall to the nucleus" starts. This process is exoenergic and leads to the formation of a supercompressed electron-nuclear cluster. The higher the charge of a nucleus, the lower the threshold of the external compression. It is shown that the maximum binding energy shifts during such a self-organizing collapse of the electron-nuclear system from Aopt ~ 60 (for uncompressed substance) to the area of high mass numbers Aopt ~_ 200... 2000 and could render the synthesis of superheavy nuclei to be energy-efficient. The synthesis proceeds through the absorption of other nuclei by the collapsed nucleus. It is theoretically proved that the synthesis efficiency is ensured by both the width reduction and increased transparency of the Coulomb barrier in the extremely compressed electron-nuclear system. The release of binding energy through the absorption of nuclei by the electron-nuclear collapsed clusters may result in the simultaneous emission of lighter nuclei. It is assumed that just such a mechanism of synthesis explains the creation of superheavy and other anomalous nuclei observed in the experiments carried out at the Electrodynamics Laboratory "Proton-21".	https://drive.google.com/file/d/1S1VrFJY2lSiApYqR7-1Jsq3g2Na-5R0C/view	https://e-catworld.com/2021/07/27/video-mfmp-open-meeting-july-2021/
4891	Video	Montalk, T.	2021	Scalar Physics: Introduction (Gravity, Electricity, Maganetism)					July 5, 2021		Scalar Super Potential, Magnetic Vector Potential, Electric Scalar Potential, Gravitational Scalar Potential	Learn how magnetic, electric, and gravitational fields arise from a common scalar super potential field. The key to antigravity, free energy, and other exotic applications. For more info, please see https://scalarphysics.com	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uYoViFtJ04
4890	Patent	Solin, M.I.	1992	Laser fusion reactor and its control members; source product for producing active medium and its production process; laser fusion reactor control procedure; superconducting nuclear condensate and its production in laser fusion reactor; solid production of controlled nuclear fusion	Google Patents					Original Paper in Russian	quantum nuclear reactor, electronic furnace, accelerated electrons, magnetic charges	FIELD: nuclear power engineering; development of environmentally friendly power supplies and superhigh-power laser plants using new functioning principle; experimental nuclear physics; production of new materials including separation of chemical elements in controlled low- temperature nuclear fusion process. SUBSTANCE: laser fusion reactor has vacuum chamber accommodating tank holding active medium (liquid metal or its alloys), two control members in the form of metal blanks of active medium material, accelerated electron source, and control-members operating mechanisms. Active medium production process is characterized in that mass of metal or its alloy in liquid state is raised during its irradiation by accelerated electrons and brought to critical value. Laser fusion reactor is controlled by varying distance between control members and/or between them and active medium surface. Liquid metal product obtained in laser fusion reactor is, essentially, superconducting nuclear liquid-metal plasma. It is produced by bringing mass of liquid metal or its alloy to critical value during its heating by accelerated electrons and shifting control members closer to each other and/or to molten metal or its alloy surface. Solid product obtained is, essentially, solidied liquid-metal ingot containing in its volume chemical elements formed in the course of nuclear fusion. Reactor uses known electronic oven as its structural element. EFFECT: discovery of new properties of metal in liquid state when heated by accelerated electrons.	https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FsaPs8ofW4WXhydXo874ZXvLE5P90vQ_/view	https://e-catworld.com/2021/07/27/video-mfmp-open-meeting-july-2021/
4889	Patent	Wong, A.Y.	2019	Submicron fusion devices, methods and systems	USPO		US Patent Office			The present inventions break the prior art paradigms by, among other things, increasing the reactant density, essentially eliminating electron radiation losses, and combinations of these, by avoiding the use of a strongly ionized plasma, modifying the Coulomb barrier and thus increasing the reaction cross section, and essentially eliminating the need for confinement to contain the fusion reaction. Such approaches make Lawson's criterion inapposite.		Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for creating, controlling, conducting, and optimizing fusion activities of nuclei. In particular, the present inventions relate to, among other things, fusion activities that are conducted individually or collectively on a very small scale, preferably on the nano-scale or smaller such as pico to femto scales, for the utilization of energy produced from these activities in smaller devices and for aggregation into larger devices.	https://patents.google.com/patent/US10453575B1	https://e-catworld.com/2021/07/21/cold-fusion-patent-granted-to-alpha-ring/	Cold Fusion Patent Granted to Alpha Ring
4888	Website of Interest	van Houwelingen, T	2014	LENR Proof			LENR-Invest, LLC			Many supporting links are listed on the "LENR Resources" page	LENR, energy	Originally presented in Daejeon, South Korea in August 2012 at ICCF17. In 2014, LENRproof.com is provided free of charge by LENR-Invest, LLC. Slides include: "What is LENR", "Is LENR Real?", "Is LENR Scalable?, "Is LENR Better?", "LENR Theories", "LENR Resources"	lenrproof.com	https://e-catworld.com/2021/06/30/paper-enhanced-d-d-fusion-rates-when-the-coulomb-barrier-is-lowered-by-electrons/
4887	Report	Wong, A.Y., Gunn, A., Chen, A.X., Shih, C.C., Guffey, M.J.	2021	Enhanced D-D Fusion Rates when the Coulomb Barrier Is Lowered by Electrons			Arxiv.org	Cornell University	May 20, 2021	Confidential – Proprietary Information of Alpha Ring International Limited	electron shielding; fusion cross section; shielding by free electrons; D-D fusion; neutral beam	A profusion of unbound, low-energy electrons creates a local electric field that reduces Coulomb potential and increases quantum tunnelling probability for pairs of nuclei. Neutral beam-target experiments on deuterium-deuterium fusion reactions, observed with neutron detectors, show percentage increases in fusion products are consistent with electron-screening predictions from Schrödinger wave mechanics. Experiments performed confirm that observed fusion rate enhancement with a negatively biased target is primarily due to changes to the fusion cross section, rather than simply acceleration due to electrostatic forces.	https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2106/2106.12988.pdf	https://e-catworld.com/2021/06/30/paper-enhanced-d-d-fusion-rates-when-the-coulomb-barrier-is-lowered-by-electrons/
4886	Journal Article	Mesyats, G.	1996	Ecton processes at the cathode in a vacuum discharge							Cathodes , Electron emission , Vacuum arcs , Explosives , Sparks , Magnetohydrodynamics , Current density , Scattering parameters , Threshold current , Plasma density	Explosive electron emission from a metal has been shown to involve not individual electrons but electron bunches or avalanches named "ectons". Ectons play a fundamental part in the cathode spots of vacuum arcs and sparks. They are initiated due to energy concentrations in cathode microvolumes. Mathematical simulation of ectons has been performed using MHD and similarity methods. Based on the ecton model, the vacuum arc parameters, such as the mass per unit charge lost by the cathode, the current density, the specific force, the pressure on the cathode, the liquid metal scattering velocity, the threshold current, and plasma pressure in the cathode spot have been calculated.	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/545457
4885	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	How could Parkhomov's 225 day reactor get started?							ecton, microscopic plasmoid, EVO, cathode, electron emission, vacuum arc, spark, Magnetohydrodynamics, current density, scattering parameters, threshold current , plasma density		https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqfLVI3-mUk	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/545457 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HKXaCpSDsAMJc4fAzLYufUdFkvoIfsi8/view
4884	Video	Huang, B-J	2021	Excess Energy From Heat Exchange Systems						Video Presentation at ICCF23, originating from Xiamen University in Xiamen China, hosted by Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and the State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces.		In ICCF22, we presented a vapor compression machine (VCS-1) using a 2.75RT freon compressor (Figure 1) which can produce excess energy [1]. The hot refrigerant vapor from the compressor (around 150C) is used to heat the water flowing through a tiny passage of a triple-pipe heat exchanger. This may cause a violent cavitation of water. The machine was modified furthermore and tested for two years since then. The calorimetric method for COP measurement was improved. The COP inside the steam generator is defined as the heat carried away by water (Qwnet) divided by the net heat input (Wt - QL), denoted as COPx . This is used as the criterion to determine the possibility of excess energy generation. If the measured COPx was greater than 1, then the cavitation-induced low-energy nuclear reaction (LENR) might occur. The test shows that the maximum COPx reaches 1.97 (Figure 1) and COPx increases with decreasing inlet water temperature.	http://ikkem.com/iccf23/MP4/3b-IN22.mp4	http://ikkem.com/iccf23/orppt/ICCF23-IA-21%20Huang.pdf
4883	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	A proposed explanation for Bin-Juine Huang's cavitation driven excess heat system					June 15th, 2021	Potential Hydrogen and Oxygen interactions during cavitation			https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH76XaTz4qE	https://email.mg1.substack.com/c/eJwlUE1rxSAQ_DXxGOJH1Bw8FEoplF4KPQc1mzzbRIPRJ-mvr3kPll12dpfZGasTLCGeag9HQlca07mD8lCOFVKCiPIBcXSTIh3BTDKMJtUJYoVB7hjnCLBptyq0Z7M6q5ML_trGkvWCopvidMacUysEI8NgZyqMIQObJNczG6R9kuo8OfAWFNwhnsEDWtUtpf1o6EtD3mqUUtoz5JQNtDZsF6KTvTX07d7Q1y_38f5JC3z_FOQer3YcM8w60vUtbrHghAkutaCGz9ZoAGG0HcQ8db2UuGHdtuD2yOZI2v5eBCiqveyhQPR_dbxcKh94FTrWumXv0jmC12aFSaWYAaWnjQ9HxgU8xGrvNOqkMCeUi4FT0ZP-KbmaVDsheylQJZ5CvfIqwhYS3B2Uf_DHiNU https://email.mg1.substack.com/c/eJwlkcvOpCAQhZ-m2WEAuf0LFrOZ1zCAhZJRMIDtOE8_2J2QInW41KmvvG2w5HKbI9eGnjC1-wCT4KobtAYFnRXKFGfDCKNcc4pmQxTzyqFYp1AAdhs3g47TbdHbFnN6blPNhRrRaoKnxBOipVNccE6VpgGEoGK0jkihv0XtOUdIHgy8odw5AdrM2tpRX-OvF_vd13Vdwwap4JDLuQ8-7120rVm_7pBaT6jiSmD466FWDAnKcuNQ8o5XsO3RV5sWwPWuDfaKo_eBjbjAm0jK8DGH_geKnz67wiknjIiBDlRJxpXUVo1OBu8sgHLW_6gwE6E1fXGyL3Sop6vdzZ_HGirmuI58QUn_-vHyIProndLU9_1Msd0TJOs2mE0rJ6D2ncEH57Q8_vts5sk2QyUbpfqRoxJMfHl1wj1TWmiFeuE591fJFNhzg3eE6z-nT52z
4882	Video	Violante, V.	2014	Challenges to Defining the Fleischmann and Pons Effect					Aug 6, 2019		threshold effect, resonant effect, RF Emission	The Fleischmann and Pons Effect is the appearance of excess energy when a Pd cathode is electrolyzed in heavy water (D2O). Revision of the effect, producing signals well above the measurement uncertainties, is confirming the anomalous production of excess power during electrochemical loading of Palladium with Deuterium.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_Y_24vqAHU
4881	Journal Article	Alexander G. Parkhomov, A.G., Karabanov R.V.	2021	LENR as a manifestation of weak nuclear interactions. New approach to creating LENR reactors	RENSIT, Vol 13, Number 1	Grachev, V.I.	Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS)	Moscow and Sochi	February 26, 2021	Cited at ICCF23	hot metals, dense plasma, neutrino, collisions, nuclear transmutations, LENR, incandescent lamps, LED, calorimetry	Hypothesis is suggested about the generation of neutrino-antineutrino pairs in collisions of particles of matter at temperatures of several thousand degrees. Particularly intense generation should occur in metals and dense plasma. Resulting neutrinos and antineutrinos can excite exothermic nuclear reactions in the surrounding matter. A number of experiments were carried out that confirmed the energy release predicted by the hypothesis in a substance near a metal heated to a high temperature. The source of the neutrino-antineutrino (hot metal or dense plasma) can be separated from the "fuel " - the substance where nuclear transformations occur. This opens up the possibility for designing highly efficient LENR reactors. Several reactors based on this approach have been tested. In all reactors, at a sufficiently high temperature of the metal core, heat was detected in excess of the electricity consumed. A number of experiments indicate that the participation of hydrogen in nuclear transmutations is optional.	http://en.rensit.ru/vypuski/article/372/13(1)45-58e.pdf
4880	Journal Article	Vysotskii V. I., Vysotskyy M. V., et al.	2014	Application of Correlated States of Interacting Particles in Non-stationary and Periodical Modulated LENR Systems	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=634
4879	Journal Article	Vysotskii V. I., Kornilova A., et al.	2014	Stimulated (B11, p) LENR and Emission of Nuclear Particles in Hydroborates in the Region of Phase Transfer Point	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=618
4878	Journal Article	Violante V., Castagna E., et al.	2015	Excess of Power during Electrochemical Loading: Materials, Electrochemical Conditions and Techniques	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol15.pdf#page=51
4877	Journal Article	Violante V., Sarto F., et al.	2012	The Study of the Fleischmann and Pons Effect through the Materials Science Development	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 8		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol8.pdf#page=66
4876	Journal Article	Takahashi A., Seto R., et al.	2011	Role of PdO Surface-coating in CMNS D(H)-Gas Loading Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 5		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol5.pdf#page=23
4875	Journal Article	Takahashi A.	2007	TSC-Induced Nuclear Reactions and Cold Transmutations	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol1.pdf#page=92
4874	Journal Article	Szpak S.	2015	On the Path Leading To The Fleischmann-Pons Effect	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol17.pdf#page=96
4873	Journal Article	Szpak S., Gordon F.	2014	Cathode to Electrolyte Transfer of Energy Generated in the Fleischmann-Pons Experiment	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 14		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol14.pdf#page=82
4872	Journal Article	Szpak S., Gordon F.	2014	Forcing the Pd/1H-1H2O System into a Nuclear Active State	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=553
4871	Journal Article	Szpak S., Gordon F.	2013	The Fleischmann-Pons Effect: Reactions and Processes	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 12		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol12.pdf#page=148
4870	Journal Article	Swartz M. R.	2017	Oscillating Excess Power Gain and Magnetic Domains in NANOR(TM)-type CF/LANR Components	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 22		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol22.pdf#page=40
4869	Journal Article	Swartz M. R., Verner G., et al.	2016	Impact of Electrical Avalanche through a ZrO2-NiD Nanostructured CF/LANR Component on its Incremental Excess Power Gain	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol19.pdf#page=295
4868	Journal Article	Swartz M.	2020	Investigations of 'Heat after Death' Analysis of the Factors which Determine the Tardive Thermal Power and HAD Enthalpy	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 31		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol31.pdf#page=25
4867	Journal Article	Swartz M.	2015	Incremental High Energy Emission from a ZrO2-PdD Nanostructured Quantum Electronic Component CF/LANR	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol15.pdf#page=99
4866	Journal Article	Swartz M., Verner, G., et al.	2015	Amplification and Restoration of Energy Gain Using Fractionated Magnetic Fields on ZrO2-PdD Nanostructured Components	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol15.pdf#page=73
4865	Journal Article	Swartz M R	2020	Buoyant Heat Transport in Flow Calorimetry	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol33.pdf#page=274
4864	Journal Article	Storms E.	2016	How Basic Behavior of LENR can Guide. A Search for an Explanation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 20		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol20.pdf#page=105
4863	Journal Article	Storms E., Grimshaw T. W.	2010	Judging the Validity of the Fleischmann and Pons Effect	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 3		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol3.pdf#page=15
4862	Journal Article	Srinivasan M.	2014	Transmutations and Isotopic Shifts in LENR Experiments. An Overview	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=505
4861	Journal Article	Sinha K. P., Meulenberg A.	2012	Lochon-mediated Low-energy Nuclear Reactionsl	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol6.pdf#page=64
4860	Journal Article	Scholkmann F., Nagel D.	2014	Statistical Analysis of Transmutation Data from Low-energy Nuclear Reaction Experiments and Comparison with a Model-based Prediction of Widom and Larsen	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=495
4859	Journal Article	Sawada T.	2012	Underlying Mechanism of the Nuclear of Implied by the Energy-momentum Conservation[ I ]	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol6.pdf#page=127
4858	Journal Article	Ruer J.	2016	Characterization of Energy Fluxes in LENR Reactors -Excess Heat,Coefficient of Performance and Conditions for Self-sustained Operation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 21		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol21.pdf#page=18
4857	Journal Article	Ruer J.	2014	Response to Comment on the Article 'Simulation of Crater Formation on LENR Cathodes Surfaces'	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 14		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol14.pdf#page=11
4856	Journal Article	Ritchie B.	2013	Neutrino Equation of Motion and Neutrino-electron Bound Pairs in LENR	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 12		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol12.pdf#page=46
4855	Journal Article	Rajeev K.P., Gaur D.	2017	Evidence for Nuclear Transmutations in Ni-H Electrolysis	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol24.pdf#page=291
4854	Journal Article	Plekhanov V. G.	2018	A Possible Signature of Neutron Quarks - Leptons via Gluon Interaction in Solids	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol29.pdf#page=512
4853	Journal Article	Passel T.	2015	The Case for Deuteron Stripping with Metal Nuclei as the Source of the Fleischmann-Pons Excess Heat Effect	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol15.pdf#page=295
4852	Journal Article	Park S., Gordon F.	2014	Cold Fusion - from the Laboratory to the World. Setting the Stage for ICCF-17	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=11
4851	Journal Article	Oriani R. A.	2012	Nuclear Particles Generated by Electrolysis - a Review	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol6.pdf#page=117
4850	Journal Article	Naitoh K., Tuschiya J.	2017	Fundamental Experimental Tests toward Future Cold Fusion Engine Based on Pointcompression due to Supermulti-jets Colliding with Pulse (Fusine)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol24.pdf#page=249
4849	Journal Article	Mosier-Boss P. A.	2014	It is Not Low Energy - But it is Nuclear	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=442
4848	Journal Article	Mosier-Boss P. A., Forsley L. P. G., et al.	2010	Comments on Codeposition Electrolysis Results: A Response to Kowalski	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 3		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol3.pdf#page=10
4847	Journal Article	Miley G., Yang X., et al.	2014	Use of D/H Clusters in LENR and Recent Results from Gas-Loaded Nanoparticle-type Clusters	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=421
4846	Journal Article	Miles M.H.	2017	The Fleischmann-Pons Calorimetric Methods, Equations and New Applications	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol24.pdf#page=14
4845	Journal Article	Miles M.	2014	Conventional Nuclear Theory of Low-energy Nuclear Reactions in Examples of Isoperibolic Calorimetry in the Cold Fusion Controversy	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=402
4844	Journal Article	Meulenberg A., Paillet J. L.	2017	Physical Reasons for Accepting the Deep-Dirac Levels- Physical Reality vs Mathematical Models in LENR	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol24.pdf#page=243
4843	Journal Article	Meulenberg A., Paillet J. L.	2017	Implications of the Electron Deep Orbits for Cold Fusion and Physics - Deep-orbit-electron Models in LENR: Present and Future	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol24.pdf#page=227
4842	Journal Article	Metzler F., Hagelstein P.L., et al.	2017	Developing Phonon-Nuclear Coupling Experiments with Vibrating Plates and Radiation Detectors	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol24.pdf#page=111
4841	Journal Article	McKubre M.C.H.	2017	CMNS Research - Past, Present and Future	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol24.pdf#page=28
4840	Journal Article	McKubre M.C.H.	2016	Cold Fusion - CMNS - LENR; Past, Present and Projected Future Status	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol19.pdf#page=191
4839	Journal Article	McKubre M.	2014	Calorimetric Studies of the Destructive Stimulation of Palladium and Nickel FineWires	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=347
4838	Journal Article	McCarthy W. H.	2015	Water-free Replication of Pons-Fleischmann LENR	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol15.pdf#page=263
4837	Journal Article	Luo N., Miley G. H.	2012	First-principles Studies of Electronic and Ionic Transport in Palladium Hydrides/ Deuterides	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol6.pdf#page=250
4836	Journal Article	Liang C. L., Dong Z. M., et al.	2016	Lithium - An Important Additive in Condensed Matter Nuclear Science	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol19.pdf#page=172
4835	Journal Article	Li X. Z., Dong Z. M., et al.	2017	Hydrogen-lithium Low Energy Resonant Electron-capture and Bethe's Solar Energy Model	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 25		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol25.pdf#page=187
4834	Journal Article	Li X. Z.	2007	The Conjecture of the Neutrino Emission from Metal Hydrides	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol1.pdf#page=17
4833	Journal Article	Lewis E.	2012	Errata and More Evidence of Microscopic Ball Lightning (Plasmoids) in CF Devices	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 7		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol7.pdf#page=13
4832	Journal Article	Lakshmanan A.	2012	Excess Energy Release During Na Metal Dissolution in a Dilute Epsom (MgSO4	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 9		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol9.pdf#page=69
4831	Journal Article	Kovacs A., Brown D., et al.	2017	Exothermic Reactions in the Partially Molten Li-Ni-Cu Alloy	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 25		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol25.pdf#page=165
4830	Journal Article	Kitamura A., Miyoshi Y., et al.	2011	Time-resolved Measurements of Loading Ratios and Heat Evolution in D2 (and H2)-Pd	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 5		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol5.pdf#page=48
4829	Journal Article	Hora H., Miley G., et al.	2014	Bose-Einstein Condensation and Inverted Rydberg States in Ultra-high Density Deuterium Clusters Related to Low Energy Nuclear Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=244
4828	Journal Article	Hagelstein P. L.	2010	Secondary Neutron Yield in the Presence of Energetic Alpha Particles in PdD	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 3		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol3.pdf#page=47
4827	Journal Article	Hagelstein P. L.	2010	Neutron Yield for Energetic Deuterons in PdD and in D2	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 3		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol3.pdf#page=41
4826	Journal Article	Hagelstein P.	2018	Calculation of the Boosted Spin-orbit Contribution to the Phonon-Nuclear Coupling Matrix Element for 181Ta	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol29.pdf#page=401
4825	Journal Article	Frisone F.	2015	Nuclear Exothermic Reactions in Lattices: A Theoretical Study of D-D Reaction	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol17.pdf#page=32
4824	Journal Article	Frisone F.	2007	Tunneling Effect Enhanced by Lattice Screening as Main Cold Fusion Mechanism: A Brief Theoretical Overview	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol1.pdf#page=22
4823	Journal Article	Fisher J. C.	2007	Palladium Fusion Triggered by Polyneutrons	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol1.pdf#page=7
4822	Journal Article	Dufour J.	2007	Very Sizeable Increase of Gravitation at Picometer Distance: A Novel Working Hypothesis.	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol1.pdf#page=53
4821	Journal Article	Dominguez D. D., Moser A. E., et al.	2014	Evidence for Excess Energy in Fleischmann-Pons-Type Electrochemical Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 14		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol14.pdf#page=21
4820	Journal Article	Didyk A. Yu., Wisniewski R.	2014	Changes Observed in the Elemental Composition of Palladium and Rhenium Specimens Irradiated in Dense Deuterium by gamma quanta with Boundary of Energy 23 MeV	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=99
4819	Journal Article	Christianto V., Umniyati Y., et al.	2017	On a Plausible Role of Classical Electromagnetic Theory and Submicroscopic Physics to understand and Enhance Low Energy Nuclear Reaction: A Preliminary Review	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 22		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol22.pdf#page=32
4818	Journal Article	Celani F., Marano E.F., et al.	2014	Cu-Ni-Mn AlloyWires, with Improved Sub-micrometric Surfaces	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=66
4817	Journal Article	Bazhutov Yu. N., Gerasimova A. I., et al.	2016	Calorimetric and Radiation Diagnostics of Water Solutions Under Intense Light Irradiation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol19.pdf#page=18
4816	Journal Article	Bazhutov Y., Belousova E.O., et al.	2014	Investigation of Radiation Effects in Loading Ni, Be and LaNi5 by Hydrogen	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=29
4815	Journal Article	Aizawa H., K. Mita K., et al.	2014	Detecting Energetic Charged Particles in D2O and H2O Electrolysis Using a Simple Arrangement of Cathode and CR-39	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13		International Society for CMNS		null				https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol13.pdf#page=16
4814	Journal Article	Tanzella, F., Godes, R., Liu, J., George, R.	2020	Mass and Heat Flow Calorimetry in Brillouin’s Reactor	Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science						Excess energy, Hydrogen gas, Nickel, Pulse stimulation, System identification	Brillouin Energy (BEC) has continued performing calorimetry measurements on the metal (e.g. Ni)/ceramic/Cu coated ceramic tube (catalyst) in a H2 atmosphere with nanosecond pulses applied across the coatings. The Energy Research Center (ERC) has been examining and verifying BEC’s calorimetry for over 18 months since 2 of the calorimeters have been moved from SRI International to BEC’s laboratory. We have continued our testing of new materials, material fabrication techniques, and electrical stimulation methods to produce excess power and energy output. By applying fast pulses of several hundred volts and tens of nanoseconds long, the current follows the “skin-effect” principle and is concentrated at the outer metal–ceramic interface but returns through the bulk of the Cu. Two stimulation methods were used – steady-state and dynamic. In the steady-state method, the pulse power is measured directly using fast oscilloscopes that record the voltage across the catalyst and a shunt resistor in series with the catalyst. The resistance of the shunt resistor is measured accurately under DC and pulse conditions. The input pulse power is determined by multiplying the calculated root-mean-square voltage and current and recorded every 10 s. Using a version of the system identification (SI) heat-flow model designed specifically for the BEC calorimeter, the power reaching the five temperature sensors is determined during simultaneous continuous ramps of both heater and pulse powers. The power emanating from the catalyst is determined during sequences of less frequent, longer duration, low voltage pulses (LVP) and compared to that found using more frequent, shorter duration, high voltage pulses (HVP). The power determined during the less frequent LVP is set as the input power during that sequence. The power of the stimulation pulses during the more frequent HVP sequences is maintained equal to that during the less frequent LVP. Then the calculated power output from the tube is divided by that calculated during the reference sequences, giving a so-called coefficient of performance (COP). We have also used mass flow calorimetry to determine COP. Low voltage, long pulses are chosen to match the input power from high voltage, short pulses. The low voltage pulses are not thought to stimulate LENR, while the high voltage pulses are. This provides a method to compare matching input power under conditions that stimulate LENR with conditions that do not. Any excess heat detected from the high voltage pulse condition is considered to be generated by LENR rather than resistive heating.	https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol33.pdf#page=39
4813	Report	Greenyer, R.W.	2018	Why did a proven technology to remediate nuclear waste get blocked?	Steemit	Greenyer, R.W.	MFMP				David Yurth, Ken Shoulders, Fukushima, remediation, EVO, HDCC	A US citizen discovered a brilliant technology that was independently proved over 11 years and confirmed by the US Department of Energy that could play a pivotal role in solving existential risks to the planet like climate change (by enabling fission to be used without resulting in waste) or the poisoning of the Earth by Fukushima - so why would the US government, happy to support technologies that make weapons, not permit this technology to be developed for peaceful purposes? This is a partial transcript of a clearly exasperated David Yurth describing the challenges facing researchers in the US.	https://steemit.com/steemstem/@mfmp/why-did-a-proven-technology-to-remediate-nuclear-waste-get-blocked
4812	Report	Davis, E.W.	2003	Ball Lightning Study	The Black Vault		AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE CA 93524-7048		May 2003		ball lightning; Nachamkin model; microwave, plasmoid resonance, axially symmetric; force-free, atmospheric maser caviton, electromagnetic vortex plasmoids	This study was tasked with the purpose of conducting a major literature review of the ball lightning phenomenon to explore the observations, experimental tests, and theories. The best ideas and tests were segregated for further analysis and are summarized in this report. A combined bibliography of references was assembled and is presented. The focus of this study was to review and analyze the axially symmetric force-free time-harmonic plasmoid model developed by Nachamkin (1992) for a previous Air Force Research Laboratory study. The intent of the Nachamkin model was to bring together a unique blend of properties proposed by investigators exploring the genre of microwave plasmoid resonance ball lightning models. The main goal of this study is to evaluate and propose experiments to demonstrate the generation of axially symmetric force-free plasmoid ball lightning in the laboratory. Two key experiments were identified and discussed in the report with enough detail to form the basis of future research proposals. An investigation was also conducted into additional promising theories and experiments that might lead to generating ball lightning plasmoids in the lab. Three alternative ball lightning concepts similar to axially symmetric force-free time-harmonic plasmoids were identified and evaluated for their experimental potential, and are described in the report in detail as proposed experiments. The first new concept is the atmospheric maser caviton, the second concept is based on electromagnetic vortex plasmoids generated by micro-discharge devices and sustained by quantum vacuum energy, and the third concept is a-------------------------------------program the Air Force funded in the 1950s-60s.	https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/usaf/AFRL_2002-0039_Ball_Lightning_Study.pdf
4811	Website of Interest	Anon	2013	Fukushima Mon Amour						Compilation by Rex Research	radioactivity, nuclear waste	70 methods to reduce the radioactivity of Nuclear Waste	http://www.rexresearch.com/fukushimamour/fukushima.htm
4810	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Coherent matter and beams thereof for radionuclide remediation Exotic Vacuum Objects at work			YouTube		Jun-06-2021	Bob mostly discusses ideas for a proposal to separate tritium from the contaminated water resulting from the Fukushima Reactor Disaster in 2011	Coherent Matter, Tritiated Water, Remediation, Fukushima, Browns Gas, Ohmasa Gas, Mondaini, Parkhomov Reaction Tables	A discussion on how coherent matter came to be considered and how it may be formed with a view to remediation of nuclear waste.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9IhQRW4G0s	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=At2hUvA_-cI&t=1508s (Yull Brown Radiation Remediation) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEceEHgaXoU&t=1609s (Cold Fusion Reactions by Renzo Mondaini) youtu.be/loG8QgaYsCl?t=465 (hypodermic needle plasmoid generator) https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/006003738/publication/US4190507A?q=pn%3DUS4190507A (Expired Patent for 'Process for concentrating tritium and/or tritium hydride and separating it from tritium water')
4809	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Tree of life - Exotic Vacuum Objects at work - Part 2			YouTube		March 31, 2021		Matsumoto, Stankovic, Ohmasa gas	In this presentation, Bob compares Takaaki Matsumoto's data that he shared by hand at ICCF-7 in Vancouver, 1998 with data from MFMP analysis of Ohmasa gas treated materials and work by Slobodan Stankovic.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCmct6gXk8s
4808	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Tree of life - part 1 Exotic Vacuum Objects at work					May 24, 2021		Matsumoto, Carbon synthesis, Exotic Vacuum Objects, ICCF-7	In this presentation, we looked at more of Takaaki Matsumoto's data that he shared by hand at ICCF-7 in Vancouver, 1998 which explains why, in 2001, he could be so certain he was synthesising carbon. Other data from other authors were also discussed.	https://remoteview.substack.com/p/tree-of-life-part-1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Dq-NHIuvAc&feature=emb_imp_woyt
4807	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Vortex-like patterns and eddy currents in Electro-Nuclear Collapse							Matsumoto, Electro-Nuclear Collapse, Soiln, Vortices	In 1997, Takaaki Matsumoto conducted some simple and quick experiments, which after lengthy analysis produced a wide array of detailed evidence of Electro-Nuclear Collapse reactions. These images were personally shared at ICCF-7, Vancouver, in 1998. A few of these images are discussed in this presentation showing features similar to those observed in Russia by Solin well before and more recently by the MFMP in a range of experiments conducted both in house and by third parties.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2rM02ufbho&feature=emb_imp_woyt https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K-FZUB1On2mchHTGXQp7EE82P8qbkW9J/view?usp=sharing
4806	Journal Article	Anon	2021	Scientists catch exciting magnetic waves in action in the Sun's photosphere			Physics News	Queen Mary, University of London			Alfven Waves, magnetic plasma, photosphere, flux tubes	Researchers have confirmed the existence of magnetic plasma waves, known as Alfvén waves, in the Sun's photosphere. The study, published in Nature Astronomy, provides new insights into these fascinating waves that were first discovered by the Nobel Prize winning scientist Hannes Alfvén in 1947. The vast potential of these waves resides in their ability to transport energy and information over very large distances due to their purely magnetic nature. The direct discovery of these waves in the solar photosphere, the lowest layer of the solar atmosphere, is the first step towards exploiting the properties of these magnetic waves. The ability for Alfvén waves to carry energy is also of interest for solar and plasma-astrophysics as it could help explain the extreme heating of the solar atmosphere—a mystery that has been unsolved for over a century.	https://phys.org/news/2021-05-scientists-magnetic-action-sun-photosphere.html	http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01354-8
4805	Video	Hutchison, J.	2021	Hutchison effect metal samples that sold on eBay for Bob								Following Bob's live stream of "Ball Lightning and Coherent Nuclear Transmutation - P2", John Hutchison uploaded this video showing the larger part that the ‘Fracture’ sample came from. The analyses of some of these are https://www.slideshare.net/johnkhutchison/jh-aluminum-sample-edx122310-20101223. John Hutchison comments to Bob's thank-you note (edited but subject to further correction): You're welcome, Bob - most of these were done in the big lab the East Hastings Street in Vancouver where Jack Houck filmed and Canadian Government rep Alex Pezaro's wife would make a dinner for us. Alex was prepared to take chances and took some of the samples. Years later, I moved to 13 and Kingsway with new partners Alex and George Liscazis. George was almost killed when an X-Ray transformer weighing 1500 pounds flew off a truck. Then there was the British Columbia Supreme Court case and all kinds of weird stuff that went on while I was in Germany. Then the whole lab was taken to Surrey, BC by the Canadian government. They tried to keep it secret but it made headline news. I have those newspapers, as the lawyers sent them to Kowoski and company in Gazda hired and Peter Kokoshinegg. Alex describes all this in detail in recent emails then on the rebuild (using equipment surplus to old warships) was successful but caused local authorities to close it down as the effects where going through the entire town of New Westminster. It all sounds nutty but it was documented by engineers and the news media. I agreed, as the effects in my opinion are dangerous to others. I had a few scary encounters myself. I think George Hathaway said he had a headache, Alex Pezaro had no issues but George Liscazis went insane - hence the Supreme Court case. In my opinion, Alex was OK. Anyway, thanks Bob.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DsnAg0cRXo	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JY9_TtXuaE	John Hutchison's own Video and comments
4804	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Ball Lightning and Coherent Nuclear Transmutation - P2			YouTube		May 10, 2021	Following the live stream, John Hutchison uploaded this video showing the larger part that the ‘Fracture’ sample came from. https://youtu.be/6DsnAg0cRXo	Electro-Nuclear Collapse, Electro-Nuclear Regeneration	In the second part of Ball Lightning and Coherent Nuclear Transmutation, Bob takes a deep look at areas on the MFMP’s Hutchison sample 4 - ‘Fracture’. They tell a story in breath-taking detail. He discusses if what it’s showing us, implies ball lightning like ‘monopole’ driven unification of the forces and resulting element synthesis by way of coherent matter wave interference and nuclear regeneration.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JY9_TtXuaE
4803	Journal Article	Greenyer, R.W.	2018	Making GOLD - Were alchemists right all along?	Steemit@mfmp		Steemit			Updated sets of the Parkhomov Tables and associated software can be found at www.nanosoft.co.nz	LENR, New Fire, transmutation, alchemy, Parkhomov Tables	In the emerging field of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), also called the “New Fire”, there are often observations of element isotopes becoming other element isotopes, a process known as transmutation. Often detractors of this technology wheel out derisive commentary saying that it is impossible and akin to alchemy, because everyone ‘knows’ that alchemy is nonsense and by drawing the comparison, the challenger is inferring that LENR is also nonsense. The reality is that transmutation occurs all the time in nature, radioactive decay causes transmutations, it is what happens in a banana when some of its potassium decays, mostly to calcium. The decay of a specific type of carbon to nitrogen is how ‘carbon dating’ is done.	https://steemit.com/steemstem/@mfmp/making-gold-were-alchemists-right-all-along
4802	Website of Interest	Greenyer, R.W.	2017	Steemit - MFMP			Steemit				MFMP, LENR	Bob Greenyer's collection of articles, from an MFMP perspective, about LENR and related topics from 2017 - 2020. Many of these articles have been or will be allocated their own individual entries in the 'LENR_Events' database. Bob's current collection is the RemoteView set at https://remoteview.substack.com/	https://steemit.com/@mfmp
4801	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	ULTR - 2nd May Update								Many people have started to try their hand at ULTR (and SHOCKWAVE) inspired experiments. Let's have a discussion about some of the data coming in.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcOKgsABJts&t=16s
4800	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	A clue to: Hacking The Neutrino Universe			MFMP		Sep 23, 2020	Links to resources discussed in the presentation here: Boyd Bushman On Antigravity https://youtu.be/XU7F1H6EzYs Faraday, Lenz, & Newton's Nightmare http://www.4physics.com/phy_demo/Newt... Boyd Bushman Magnetic Beam https://youtu.be/eFSnfwfs-kc Patent https://www.google.com/patents/US5929732 AG Patent https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2... SPACE. EARTH. HUMAN. https://www.amazon.com/dp/B082S5KJYV		In the late 1950s, a Japanese scientist first proposed that neutrinos might have a relationship with gravity other than being affected by them. More recently Scientists at CERN had discussed how relic neutrinos could account for gravity. It has been observed by many LENR researchers that there is some form of magnetic particles that are produced during LENR reactions and that these can cause beta isotopes to change their decay rates. Other researchers have observed in the 1950s and 1980s/90s that, during 3 body alignments, there is a sideways force recorded when under the path of the eclipse, in the latter case, at the same time, beta isotope decay rates of 87Rb and 137Cs in atomic clocks was observed to change. This indicates a modification of the rate of cold neutrino interactions with matter. We have discussed many of these experiments on this channel and there will be videos linked at the end of the presentation as jumping off points to explore that research. This video highlights the testimony of a former senior scientist at a major arms manufacture that connects the Hutchison Effect, Gravity, novel magnet configurations, field interactions, introduces a patent that claims to be able to both modify decay rates and provide a counter gravity effect and the Neutrino Universe, directly connecting it to means to extract energy densities beyond nuclear. A novel experiment is conducted in the video that raises questions for the viewers consideration.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_8Nsas5eY0
4799	Journal Article	Wheeler, J.A.	1954	Geons	Physical Review, Volume 97, Number 2			Palmer Physical Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey	September 8, 1954		Geons, gravitational-electromagnetic entities,	Associated with an electromagnetic disturbance is a mass, the gravitational attraction of which under appropriate circumstances is capable of holding the disturbance together for a time long in comparison with the characteristic periods of the system. Such gravitational-electromagnetic entities, or "geons"; are analyzed via classical relativity theory. They furnish for the first time a completely classical, divergence-free, self-consistent picture of the Newtonian concept of body over the range of masses from ~103'g to 10'7 g. Smaller geons are quantum objects whose analysis would call for the treatment of characteristic new effects. Topics covered in the discussion include: 1. Need for a self-consistent formulation of the concept of "body" in classical physics; geons vs free waves; electrical neutrality of geon; size and mass relations; the quantum limit and electron pair phenomena. 2. Orders of magnitude for toroidal geons; first estimates of leakage rates; a "phosphor" model of a geon; attrition and attritivity; energy action relation. 3. Idealized spherical geon; conditions required for symmetry; instability relative to pairing of light rays; time scale of instability long compared to vibration periods; spherical metric; wave equation for electromagnetic potential; evaluation of stress-energy tensor; its position as source of gravitation field; the gravitational field equations; the three equations of the self-consistent geon; simplification by scale transformation; first analysis of the eigenvalue problem; further scale transformation to get behavior of solution in active region of geon; further analysis of eigenvalue dependence; electronic calculator integration of equations of self-consistent geon; mass and radius values. 4. Transformations and interactions of electromagnetic geons; evaluation of refractive index barrier penetration integral for spherical geon; photon-photon collision processes as additional mechanism for escape of energy from system; restatement in language of coupling of characteristic modes; the thermal geon; comparison of gravitation and virtual electron pair phenomena as sources of coupling between modes; gravitational coupling and collective vibrations of geon; fission of a geon; interaction between two geons simple at large distances; orientation dependence and exponential term at intermediate distances; violent transmutation processes in closer encounters. 5. Influence of virtual pairs on geon structure; description in terms of refractive index correction; relation to photon-photon collision picture; more precise formulation via Heisenberg-Euler electrodynamics; corrections to stress-energy tensor and electromagnetic field equations. 6. Neutrino-containing geons; general similarity to electromagnetic geons; specificity of geon-geon interactions; the size subject to simple analysis unexpectedly limited by neutrino-neutrino encounters and the process v+v—>+p+e; similarity of size limitation to that for electromagnetic geons; comments on present status of neutrino theory of light. 7. Electricity, Gauss's theorem, and gravitational field fluctuations. 8. Conclusions: The geon completes the scheme of classical physics; one's interest in following geons into quantum domain will depend upon one's view of the relation between very small geons and elementary particles.	https://blackholes.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/gritting/pdf/gravity_and_general_relativity/Wheeler_Geons.pdf	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=634O7hLkGPU
4798	Patent	Omasa, R.	2018	A method for converting elements such as Calcium, Copper, Magnesium and Cesium into more useful elements and a method for making radioactive substances harmless by applying this element conversion method	US Patent Office		USPO	Tokyo, Japan	Jan 11, 2018	Mr Ohmasa's Key Patent and one that could be used to remediate the tritiated water produced by the Fukushima reactor disaster.	vibrating stirrer, high frequency, palladium, platinum, heavy water, tritium	The method according to the present invention comprises using a high frequency vibrating stirrer that is confirmed to include a treatment tank, a high frequency vibrating motor fixed to a table positioned above the treatment tank and coupled to the table and multistage vibrating blades mounted on he lower parts of the vibrating rods and surface plated with palladium or platinum serving as a catalyst in element transmutation, characterized in that the high frequency vibrating motor is controlled by an inverter so as to vibrated the multistage vibrating blades at a frequency of 100-170 Hz in a aqueous solution containing an element to be transmuted in the treatment tank thereby transmuting the element in the aqueous solution into another element. BY adding heavy water to the solution to be treated, the transmutation efficiency can be elevated. By adding tritium water with an appropriate concentration as a substituted for the heavy water, the element transmutation can be completed within a short period of time and at the same time the tritium water that is seemingly the man cause of radioactive contamination can effectively be utilized and the radioactivity thereof can be attenuated or detoxified.	http://www.rexresearch.com/ohmasa/US2018012673ohmasa.pdf	https://e-catworld.com/2019/06/16/mfmp-video-ohmasa-vibration-technology-first-look-and-demonstration/
4797	Website of Interest		2015	UCLA Putterman Research Group							Sonofusion, Crystallic Fusion, Turbulence, Triboelectrifcation	Mysteries of Energy Focusing Phenomena We study the fate of energy that is injected into a system so as to push it far from equilibrium. A sound wave passing through a fluid can create a bubble that pulsates so strongly that it becomes a dense plasma that emits flashes of light only trillionths of a second long. When “Scotch” tape is peeled from its roll in a dark closet, a mysterious glow can be seen. Somehow the force of peeling a complex network of polymers generates a charge separation, which then organizes to create a discharge and emit photons with energies that can extend into the x-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. When a ferroelectric crystal such as Lithium Niobate is heated, the ions move ever so slightly relative to their electron clouds to create massive electric fields that are capable of generating nuclear fusion in a system the size of a walnut. In these off-equilibrium systems, nonlinear processes dominate the motion. Although entropy always increases in all these phenomena, the second law of thermodynamics gives little guidance in understanding how they work. As you marvel at the wide range of phenomena on this web page, please wonder whether there is a new guiding principle which explains why so many different off-equilibrium systems like to concentrate energy density. The limits of energy focusing that can be achieved off-equilibrium are not known. Can a similar multi-scale system someday be used as a fusion reactor?	http://acoustics-research.physics.ucla.edu/
4796	Journal Article	Lee, W., Gheorghe, A.H., Tiurev, K., Ollikainen, T. Mottoten, M. Hall, D.S.	2018	Synthetic electromagnetic knot in a three-dimensional skyrmion			Science Journals — AAAS		2 March 2018		Shankar skyrmion, knot, synthetic, ball lightning, Bose-Einstein Condensate,	Classical electromagnetism and quantum mechanics are both central to the modern understanding of the physical world and its ongoing technological development. Quantum simulations of electromagnetic forces have the potential to provide information about materials and systems that do not have conveniently solvable theoretical descriptions, such as those related to quantum Hall physics, or that have not been physically observed, such as magnetic monopoles. However, quantum simulations that simultaneously implement all of the principal features of classical electromagnetism have thus far proved elusive. We experimentally realize a simulation in which a charged quantum particle interacts with the knotted electromagnetic fields peculiar to a topological model of ball lightning. These phenomena are induced by precise spatiotemporal control of the spin field of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate, simultaneously creating a Shankar skyrmion—a topological excitation that was theoretically predicted four decades ago but never before observed experimentally. Our results reveal the versatile capabilities of synthetic electromagnetism and provide the first experimental images of topological three-dimensional skyrmions in a quantum system.	https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/4/3/eaao3820.full.pdf
4795	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Hutchsion Effect - No Coincidence								The MFMP Hutchison samples continue to show that what John was doing was creating the technological equivalent of natural ball lightning which appears to be a coherent matter phenomena. We shall discuss a unique observation of his based on a discovery made over 345 years ago, in context with the work of Takaaki Matsumoto and other work from the 1950s.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=634O7hLkGPU	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometric_light
4794	Website of Interest	Rossi, A.	2021	FAQ Ecat SKLed			Leonardo Corporation, 1331 Lincoln Road, Miami Beach, Florida 33139, USA			"Ecat SKLed: Simply the most energy- efficient lamp ever made Consumes less than 10 percent of any other lamp in the world. Less energy. Less CO2. Less money."	FAQ, EcatSKLed	Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about the latest version of the Ecat - the EcatSKLed	https://ecat.com/faq	https://ecat.com https://e-catworld.com/2021/04/25/ecat-com-faq-technology-is-based-on-an-innovative-way-to-control-the-physics-of-the-electron/
4793	Video	Tanzella, F. Carat, R., Hottwarth, M.	2021	Meet Francis Tanzella LENR Heat Technology						MEET FRANCIS TANZELLA interview just published! Great news for our members and readers. We had the honor of interviewing Francis Tanzella, one of the "household" names in the LENR field, and who has been working in many of the research teams that have been able to successfully replicate the results of Fleischmann and Pons, and has met and worked with many of the greatest minds behind the development of Cold Fusion LENR, and beyond. Francis Tanzella is a Chemist and Principle Scientist with the Energy Research Center in Northern California. He first confirmed the Fleischmann and Pons Anomalous Heat Effect at SRI International's lab in Menlo Park, California in 1989. There, along with a team led by Michael McKubre, he correlated the excess heat generated in palladium-deuterium cells to the amount of helium produced by the cell, among other LENR discoveries. Frank Tanzella has also evaluated and tested the Brillouin Hot-Tube energy generator now in development by Brillouin Energy Corporation and continues to evaluate various technologies vying to find the recipe to clean energy from the hydrogen in water. Image Caption: Francis Tanzella, as portrayed by Matt Hottwarth in "Discover Cold Fusion" by Ruby Carat and Matt Hottwarth, Curtiss Press (visit the forum Newsletter to see the image here: https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/6578-the-newsletter-posting-thread-please-no-comments/). In this interview Francis updates us about how things are going on Brillouin Energy and the fascinating engineering challenges that represents turning Brillouin's Intellectual Property into a commercializable device, while still not having a deep understanding of the theoretical aspects and finding ways to create the very specific conditions in which the reaction works. We also get to know a brief glimpse about other projects he is involved in, within LENR and outside the field. We then get a peek into the personal side, the fascinating characters he has had the honor to meet in all these 32 years, and the friendships that he has forged, how he cultivates them, and how he has managed to take part and be a key member of many of the most successfull LENR projects and teams with people from all around the world. We hope you enjoy this interview and get this important first hand update, about one of the companies that is probably closer to become the first one to put a LENR device in the market. Godspeed, Francis, we loved interviewing you and hope to have you again back soon with great news!!! You can watch the interview in the following link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AsilyIa-YY and remember to take part in the discussion of our MEET THE EXPERIMENTER SERIES Here: https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/6569-meet-the-experimenters-interviews-with-notable-scientists/ Until the next one! The LENR-FORUM Staff.	Brillouin Energy, Robert Godes	Francis Tanzella is a Chemist and Principle Scientist with the Energy Research Center in Northern California. He first confirmed the Fleischmann and Pons Anomalous Heat Effect at SRI International's lab in Menlo Park, California in 1989. There, along with a team led by Michael McKubre, he correlated the excess heat generated in palladium-deuterium cells to the amount of helium produced by the cell, among other LENR discoveries. Fran Tanzella has also evaluated and tested the Brillouin Hot-Tube energy generator now in development by Brillouin Energy Corporation and continues to evaluate various technologies vying to find the recipe to clean energy from the hydrogen in water.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AsilyIa-YY	http://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/
4792	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Something-electric - PART 1							piezo	VEGA and other experiments, in the context of historical and contemporary findings, point to a means by which the process of forming coherent matter may be used to do work effortlessly, including the direct production of electricity.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNeRELjfmaQ
4791	Video	Kovacs, A., Parkhomov, A., Klimov, A.I., Kovacs, A.	2021	Kovacs Parkhomov Klimov discussion in English and Russian	Webinar No. 13 of the winter-spring 2021 session of the Klimov-Zatelepin seminar.		MFMP		Apr 23, 2021			Webinar No. 13 of the winter-spring 2021 session of the Klimov-Zatelepin seminar held on April 21, 2021 (Wednesday) between 16:00 and 18:00 Moscow time. A. Kovacs - presented experiments on a reactor with a Ni + Cu + Li working fluid (no hydrogen). Excessive heat, radiation in the radio range and episodic temperature jumps were recorded. The "penetration" of the refractory material of the double reactor capsule (molybdenum and stainless steel) was recorded at a temperature much lower than the melting temperature. Parkhomov A.G. - flashes of fluctuating temperature changes accompany all experiments with Ni + H reactors. The sharp low-frequency drops in the reactor temperature are especially interesting. A.I. Klimov - for assessing the cold fusion processes, he proposed to take into account the formation mechanism of "left" electromagnetic waves. "Annihilation" of normal electromagnetic waves and "left" waves can explain the sharp decrease in temperature when the working medium leaves the plasma-vortex reactor	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tn_wiDWwXWQ&t=28s
4790	All	Pearle, M.,S.	2021	Shock-Wave Lithotripsy for Renal Calculi	The New England Journal of Medicine						shock-wave, spark plug	A 42-year-old man presents with a symptomatic kidney stone 12 mm in diameter. Treatment with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is recommended. Lithotripsy creates fluid shock waves that are transmitted through the body to cause fragmentation of kidney stones.	DOI: 10.1056/NEJMct1103074 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMct1103074?query=recirc_inIssue_bottom_article	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eB7fV24PUBk
4789	Report	Greenyer, R.W.	2019	The 'water spark plug' could be a good way to study Strange Radiation and charge metals for LENR			Steemit				water spark plug, strange radiation, LENR, ball lightning, Active Agents, Exotic Vacuum Objects, Kenneth Shoulders	In the first video, you can see a fully described circuit that is apparently producing ball-lightning like discharges and where there is ball-lightning, there is also likely the whole range of Strange Radiation (SR) and Active Agents (AA) that Kenneth Shoulders collectively called Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVOs). This is achieved, it would appear, by reducing the discharge time of a capacitor to a minimum though the use of a high power diode. Now, whilst the circuit is more complex than Alexander Parkhomov's 'Woodpecker' it may be able to be modified in a range of ways enabling improved operation, though it would still suffer from electrode erosion which the 'Woodpecker' compensates for by dropping the electrode to full contact on each cycle. Alexanders circuit is flexible in forward current and because the electrode is moving it is sweeping the parameter space on each stroke.	https://steemit.com/steemstem/@mfmp/the-water-spark-plug-could-be-a-good-way-to-study-strange-radiation-and-charge-metals-for-lenr	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eB7fV24PUBk
4788	Conference Paper	Marakhtanov, M.K., Okunev, V.S.	2018	Physics of the transmutation of stable elements at the collision of macro-objects with regard to high speeds	Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1115, Issue 5		IOP Publishing Ltd				collision, bismuth, steel, transmutation,	In experiments on the collision of a bismuth bullet (impactor) with a steel target at velocities of about 1 km/s, the transmutation of a stable isotope of bismuth-209 is observed. At the maximum approach of the nucleus (in the structure of macro-objects: the bullet and the target) are at distances much greater than the radius of action of the nuclear forces. In this case, the protons in the nuclei are mutually repelled by Coulomb forces. As a result, the nuclei are deformed. This deformed state can be associated with a specific excitation energy. Excitation is removed by the emission of a particle or nuclear fragments. The decay of bismuth-209 occurs. There is not one nucleus decaying, the process is of a group (collective) nature. Depending on the collision velocity, different decay channels can be realized, including the cluster decay 209Bi→198Pt+11B. Two mechanisms of cluster decay are proposed: the formation of a light cluster of quasi-free neutrons and the direct decay of 209Bi into clusters.	https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1115/5/052020 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1115/5/052020	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eB7fV24PUBk
4787	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	SHOCKWAVE								By a correlating growing understanding from multiple experiments showing nuclear collapse, can we develop a trivial system to deal with nuclear waste?	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eB7fV24PUBk
4786	Website of Interest	Russell, D.A.	2000	Acoustics and Vibration Animations						A very handy collection of animations for all students and researchers of Acoustics and Vibrations		The links below contain animations illustrating acoustics and vibration, waves and oscillation concepts. I started using Mathematica to create animations to help me understand and visualize certain acoustics and vibration phenomena in 1992 while I was a Ph.D. student in the Graduate Program in Acoustics at Penn State. For the next 16 years (1995-2011) I was a physics professor at Kettering University and continued creating animations and using them as educational tools for the courses I was teaching about waves and acoustics. Sometime around 1998 or so I began writing webpages and adding them to this online collection. Now that I'm back at Penn State, teaching graduate level acoustics, I'm continuing to add to my collection of animations. My intent has always been to create physically and mathematically correct animations, accompanied by explanatory text, that illustrate complicated phenomena involving waves and vibration in a manner that aids student understanding. I hope you find these animations useful.	https://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/demos.html	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKW9M0kede0&t=7s
4785	Report	Mettin, R.	2021	Bubble structures in acoustic cavitation						Bob Greenyer reviews this, in his "What is O Day" video presentation, cited below	acoustic cavitation	This article is reporting on bubble structures that represent different manifestations of acoustic cavitation. General aspects relevant for structure formation in acoustic cavitation are discussed, and a classification scheme into prototypes is proposed. Characteristics and distributions of bubbles as well as the sound field environments are reviewed for the different cavitation patterns. The study is mainly based on optical and high-speed imaging investigations and is confined to acoustic frequencies of the lower ultrasonic range.	https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.457.1993&rep=rep1&type=pdf	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKW9M0kede0&t=7s
4784	Journal Article	Fernandez,F. ,Loske,A. M., Ivlev, B. I.	2018	Acoustically driven x-ray emission and matter collapse in lead					16 Oct, 2018	Bob Greenyer refers to this paper in his "What is O" video presentation on YouTube	shock waves, x-ray radiation, quantum interference	The action of focused underwater weak shock waves on a lead sample was revealed to be not restricted by a mechanical influence only. A strong unexpected x-ray emission was registered from the lead foil exposed to those shock waves (sound into x-rays) which were extremely adiabatic compared to processes of x-ray generation. The lead foil, exposed to shock waves, lost a part of its area having the shape of a polygonal hole of the size of ∼ 2mm. The missing polygon of lead foil looks as a delicately removed part with no damage at the hole surroundings as it should be after a mechanical breaking. This points to a non-mechanical mechanism of hole formation. That missing polygonal lead matter seems to be 'disappeared' because the total lead volume was reduced by that amount after exposure to acoustic waves (matter collapse). Both paradoxical phenomena cannot be explained by a combination of known effects and a fundamentally new mechanism is required to underlie them. The concept of electron anomalous states, which encouraged the experiments and specified main features of them, is likely that mechanism.	https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.00530.pdf	https://youtu.be/rKW9M0kede0
4783	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	What is O								Observations of vortex structures in a range of LENR systems were explored, culminating in live demonstrations of a hydrodynamic analogue of how these could be easily investigated. In this presentation, MFMP Volunteer Bob Greenyer will show previously unpublished coherent data across several different and independent experiments that point to a simple to achieve dynamic system that appears to manipulate matter in the most extreme way.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKW9M0kede0&t=69s
4782	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Ball Lightning and Coherent Nuclear Transmutation - P1					Apr 17, 2021	Includes record of live chat.		Evidence is pointing to a common and physically observable mechanism in nuclear transmutation in a wide range of systems operating at different temperatures. This presentation will goes new or unpublished data for the first time and discusses the implications. First there is SEM/EDS data from ULTR aluminium test ‘magnetic particles’ and later four previously unseen ‘O-Day’ slides.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHGwhrPcMks
4781	Conference Paper	Takaaki, M.	1999	Discovery of Micro Tornadoes	Proc. of The Autumn Meeting of Japan Atomic Energy Society, Niigata Inst. of Technol., p. 163, (1999).							Micro Ball Lightning which was generated and controlled during underwater spark discharges was discovered by the nuclear collapse reaction during its transport through wires.	https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IJ0i6_9aR9y-mlfWjbRlWNSx9qCN_SHg/view
4780	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Micro Tornadoes and Their Effects			YouTube		Apr 14, 2021		micro tornadoes, micro ball lightning, EVO, EV	A translation of a 1999 paper by Takaaki Matsumoto directly relates to current observations in ULTR and other experiments.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGP2ktbHowU	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ws82OTq-NSU&t=804 https://youtu.be/hWT9H8TPJeQ?t=1041
4779	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Coherent matter travelling waves			YouTube					Over the past months a plethora of evidence has been shared that points to the production of coherent matter and interacting travelling waves which have been demonstrated in a range of easy to replicate and repeatable experiments. Bob Greenyer is now concluding, that as things stand, until the facts change 'Strange Radiation' is caused by coherent matter travelling waves which he argues in this live stream.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynsMW-aCW5Q
4778	Report	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	ULTR - Affordable ultrasonic driven transmutation?	Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project Website	Greenyer, R.W.			6 Oct, 2019		Ultrasound, synthesis, Indium, Ohmasa Gas, Project OHMA, transmutation, cavitation,	Ultrasound has been shown to cause synthesis of elements in a range of experiments, such as those conducted by Roger Stringham, LeClaire et. al., Tom Claytor, Cardone and Shuhas Ralkar. During 2019, MFMP volunteers Bob Greenyer and Dr George Egely visited Japan to test the Ohmasa vibration system and 'Ohmasa Gas' as part of 'Project OHMA'. It was suspected that a vibration system, claimed to be able to transmute matter with oscillations around 179Hz, was in fact producing ultrasonics and that this in turn was causing cavitation bubbles that may have been acting at least in part to explain the claimed transmutations. MFMP Volunteer Bob Greenyer had brought some Indium foil as a witness material on the assumption that cavitation was taking place and that Indium foil would be highly susceptible to it. Upon exposure to the vibrations system for 10 mins the 0.3mm Indium foil became stiff and highly marked and on closer inspection revealed strong signs of morphological and spatial transmutations.	http://www.quantumheat.org/index.php/en/home/mfmp-blog/552-ultr-affordable-ultrasonic-driven-transmutation	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-rAQkU1qLc
4777	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	ULTR - Soliton Impact			YouTube		April 4, 2021		ULTR, Alan Kusk, soliton, Indium, ultrasonic cleaning, EVO, Strange Radiation		https://youtu.be/L-rAQkU1qLc	http://www.quantumheat.org/index.php/en/home/mfmp-blog/552-ultr-affordable-ultrasonic-driven-transmutation
4776	Website of Interest	Luiz Jaitner	2019	The Physics of Condensed Plasmoids and LENR						An informative website by one of the leading LENR researchers and his team.	CP, LENR, history, experiments, vendors, researchers, media, resources, simulator	LENR research was puzzled for a long time by the basic questions: How can nuclei fuse at low temperature, i.e. how can they overcome the Coulomb barrier without having high kinetic energies? Why is the observed excess heat not accompanied with gamma radiation? Why is LENR producing helium-4 from deuterium, whereas d-d hot fusion is mainly producing helium-3, tritium and neutrons? How can LENR be technically optimized for commercial use? To answer these questions, the author has built a quantum-mechanical model of the nuclear active environment in LENR. This environment is an ultra-dense plasmoid, i.e. a "condensed plasmoid". The properties of CPs are so exotic, that CPs qualify as a previously unknown aggregation state of matter. This document is first to describe the properties of CPs, the microscopic evidence of CPs in LENR experiments, how the properties of CPs help explaining a wealth of remarkable findings in LENR experiments, which routes of nuclear reactions could be enabled by CPs, the quantum-mechanical model of CPs, the computational results derived from this model, verifiable predictions derived from the theory on CPs and a technology assessment on potential dangers of LENR. The mechanism, which suppresses gamma radiation in CPs, will also be described in this document. The quantum-mechanical model of CPs is based on the cylindrical symmetry of a very thin (i.e. about 40 pm) plasma "wire". The quantitative properties given here are depending on the configuration of the CP, they are just examples. The electrons of a CP are fully delocalized and decoupled from the nuclei. They are moving with high velocity (10 to 80% of light speed) against the nuclei. This is resulting in an intrinsic current of about to 9 kA in the CPs, with a mean current density of approximately 2.5 A per square picometer. The magnetic field from this current reaches 50 megatesla and creates a confinement pressure of more than 1021 Pa. The electrons are compressed by a z-pinch condition to a mean density of about 0.15 electrons per cubic picometer. The creation of a CP is an endothermic process, which typically requires high voltages and high currents. Once created, CPs enjoy a lifetime, which can extend to hours. This longevity is likely not a result of the CP's stability, but is rather based on a self-sustained feedback of nuclear energy, countering the otherwise inevitable decay of the CP. The minimum distance of hydrogen nuclei in a CP is only about 2 pm, which enables tunnelling through the Coulomb barrier. The barrier is also much screened by the dense electrons. The self-sustained growth of CPs can produce a dangerous and sudden release of nuclear energy, if the reaction rate is not properly fuel-limited.	http://condensed-plasmoids.com/index.html
4775	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - Even more extraordinary traces			YouTube		Mar 29, 2021				https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a4tnh9yCco
4774	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - Track Challenge			YouTube		April 2021		VEGA, Strange Radiation, Exotic Vacuum Objects, motion, forming, making, breaking	Find a 'Strange Radiation' track in the literature that has not already been explained by VEGA video data and we'll try and get a few examples of Exotic Vacuum Objects, in motion / forming / making & breaking, that explain them.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFpC0d6cYVI
4773	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - Extreme Interactions			YouTube		31 March 2021		natural ball lightning, merging, dividing	Title picture includes a long exposure photo of the trace left by a natural ball lightning as it descends from the sky to the ground, provided by Dmitry Baranov. Review of further experiment video recordings by volunteer DAVE, revealing extreme interactions where tracks influence each other in very short time frames, including merging and dividing. Some observations are similar to those recorded on witness materials by Daviau and later Zhigalov (when observing Parkhomov reactors) of so called, Strange Radiation tracks.	https://youtu.be/ITRsmalbyFc	https://e-catworld.com/2021/03/31/vega-extreme-interactions-bob-greenyer-livestream-today/
4772	Video	Carat, R., Smith, A., Nygren, D., Childs, M.	2020	Interview with Monty Childs, CEO of Aureon Energy			YouTube			Thanks to Curbina for posting about the following video which has been produced by members of the LENR Forum		Childs emphasizes the primacy of experimentation in the field of LENR, and from his own experimentation is convinced that this is a real and vital area of science — not pseudoscience by any means. He also acknowledges how it is difficult to break away from the stigma of 'cold fusion', which has required people working in the field to be very careful with the language they use to describe their work. Overall he is encouraged by progress on various fronts.	https://e-catworld.com/2021/04/01/interview-with-montgomery-childs-lenr-forum-video/
4771	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Magnetic Signature of Strange Radiation - Part 4			YouTube		July 29, 2020	Do you want to rely on luck in your research in LENR? Or would you rather know if what you are doing is working and safe?	Strange Radiation, EVs, EVOs, Ball Lightning, Plasmoids	Strange Radiation aka Exotic Vacuum Objects are Able to pass through metal, glass, ceramic, plastic, etc Able to live in metals for days, months, years Not (just) standard neutron, proton, alpha, photon or electrons Promotes beta decay and isotope balancing What materials can stop it: ferromagnetic, such as Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Gadolinium thicknesses charged or grounded What elements enhance the strength of active agents (high NMR active isotopes 1H, 19F, etc What elements activate them - beta isotopes Can be produced in many ways Has a Magnetic and Kinetic moment	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QLJQHqu_KY
4770	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Magnetic Signature of Strange Radiation - Part 2			YouTube				capacitor battery, electric explosion, foils, water, ball lightning, spectral measurements	A review of the seminal paper by L.I. URUTSKOEV, 2002 at the Kurchatov Institute, Moscow	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJxr3WnLQAc	Urutskoev
4769	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Magnetic signature of Strange Radiation - Part 1			YouTube		July 21, 2020		magnetic charge, tracks, X-Ray film, cavitation, EV, EVO, plasmoid, ball lightning, high current discharges, sparks, bead chains,	A first look at the magnetic nature of Strange Radiation - Part 1: Some of its signatures.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oEyxKFUqvU0	Hutchison, Matsumoto, Urutskcoev, Daviau, Fredericks, Greenyer, ECCO fuel, Baranov, Zatelepin, Torsion balance, Parkhomov, Bogdanovich
4768	Conference Paper	Bogdanovich, B.U., Buynanov, G.O., Nesterovich, A.V.	2019	Experimental study of environment ionization in the zone of a periodic discharge in a flow of liquid (PDFL)	Journal of Physics: Conference Series		Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1238, IV International Conference				periodic discharge, flow, plasmoids, birds, Dirac monopole, electrons	The study of the ionized environment in the area surrounding PDFL has showed the presence of visible plasmoids moving in the horizontal plane. The study of traces on the X-ray film made it possible to detect a significant number of traces of an identical shape and size that look like the "birds" which were found earlier in other facilities. A preliminary analysis has been carried out for their identification, which led to a conclusion about the nature of these formations, in particular, their identity with the Dirac monopole (or similar object) having a 'tail' and 'wings' formed by a flow of electrons from the surroundings.	https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1238/1/012055 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1238/1/012055	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtDd3PuGTyM
4767	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Magnetic signature of Strange Radiation - Part 3			YouTube		July 26th, 2020	What does the magnetic signature of Strange Radiation have in common with a mushroom?	periodic discharge, flow, plasmoids, birds, Dirac monopole, electrons		https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtDd3PuGTyM	https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334005174_Experimental_study_of_environment_ionization_in_the_zone_of_a_periodic_discharge_in_a_flow_of_liquid_PDFL
4766	Journal Article	Holmlid, L., Kotarba, A., Stelmachowski, P.	2021	Production of ultra-dense hydrogen H(0): A novel nuclear fuel	Physica Scripta, Volume 94, Number 7				24 April 2019	Leif Holmlid declares: LH has partial ownership of the company Norront Fusion Energy (https://www.norrontfusion.com/) which develops fusion energy reactors using ultra-dense hydrogen. The company felt that there is a risk that other companies may learn more rapidly how to produce ultra-dense hydrogen from this review. However, I believe strongly in free exchange of ideas and results in science and technology for the benefit of all. LH declares that he has no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.	catalyst, ultra-dense hydrogen, nuclear fusion	The extremely large density of ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) has been proved in numerous experiments by three laser-induced methods, namely Coulomb explosions observed by particle time-of-flight (TOF) and TOF mass spectrometry, rotational emission spectroscopy in the visible, and annihilation-like meson ejecting nuclear reaction processes. The density of H(0) at the quite common spin level s = 2 is of the order of 100 kg cm−3. The theory of ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) is described briefly, especially the 'mixed' spin quantum number s and its relation to the internuclear distances. The orbital angular momentum of the bonding electrons in H(0) is l = 0, which gives the H(0) designation. At s = 2 with electron total angular momentum L = ħ, the internuclear distance is 2.24 pm, and at s = 1 thus L = ħ/2, it is as small as 0.56 pm. The internuclear distances are measured by optical rotational spectroscopy with a precision as good as 10−3, thus with femtometer resolution. The dimensional factor (ratio of internuclear distance to the electron orbit radius) was determined to be 2.9 by electrostatic stability calculations for ordinary Rydberg matter. This value is found to be valid with high precision also for H(0) clusters with different shapes. Superfluidity and a Meissner effect at room temperature are only found for the long chain clusters H2N(0), while the small H3(0) and H4(0) clusters do not have any super properties. Instead, they are the clusters in which most of the nuclear reaction processes take place. These processes give meson showers (most types of kaons and pions) and, after meson decay, large fluxes of muons and other leptons. Published applications of these results already exist in the field of nuclear reactions, energy production (patented fusion reactor), space physics (the solar wind), and in astrophysics (dark matter and the interstellar medium).	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319921008144?via%3Dihub	https://e-catworld.com/2021/03/28/paper-production-of-ultra-dense-hydrogen-h0-a-novel-nuclear-fuel-holmlid-et-al/
4765	Journal Article	Koziol, M.	2021	Whether Cold Fusion or Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions, U.S. Navy Researchers Reopen Case	IEEE Spectrum					Scientists at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, spurred on by continued anomalous nuclear results, have commissioned multiple labs now working to get to bottom of story	LENR, lattice-confinement fusion, NASA	After more than three decades of simmering debate in specialized physics groups and fringe research circles, the controversy over cold fusion (sometimes called low-energy nuclear reactions or LENRs) refuses to go away. On one hand, ardent supporters have lacked the consistent, reproducible results and the theoretical underpinning needed to court mainstream acceptance. On the other, vehement detractors cannot fully ignore the anomalous results that have continued to crop up, like the evidence for so-called “lattice-confinement fusion” adduced last year by a group at NASA’s Glenn Research Center.	https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/energy/nuclear/cold-fusion-or-low-energy-nuclear-reactions-us-navy-researchers-reopen-case	https://e-catworld.com/2021/03/24/u-s-navy-researchers-re-open-investigation-in-the-field-of-cold-fusion-lenr/
4764	Patent	Rayms-Keller, P., Lowry, M.S., Barker, S.R.	2021	Low Energy Nuclear Reactor			US Patent Office				LENR, ignitor, sparking	A low energy nuclear reactor (LENR) is provided for producing thermal energy. The LENR includes first and second vessels and an ignitor. The first vessel defined a first chamber containing LENR fuel. The second vessel disposed inside the first vessel defines a second chamber containing exothermic material. The ignitor initiates the exothermic material by sparking. The LENR fuel reacts to produce the thermal energy in response to initiation heat from the exothermic material.	http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&p=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=20210090752.PGNR.&OS=dn/20210090752&RS=DN/20210090752	https://e-catworld.com/2021/03/24/u-s-navy-researchers-re-open-investigation-in-the-field-of-cold-fusion-lenr/
4763	Journal Article	Gordon, F.E., Whitehouse, H.J.	2021	Lattice Energy Converter (LEC)	INOVL					Let me start by thanking the organizers of this workshop for taking the initiative to honor Dr. Srinivasan in this manner. He was one of the most respected members of this community for his knowledge, his contributions and also his personality. We are honored to make this presentation in memory and honor the legacy of Dr. Srinivasan		• Will spontaneously initiate the production of ionizing radiation and electrical energy based only on the thermal energy in its palladium lattice that is occluded with hydrogen or deuterium • Produces sustained ionizing radiation and electrical energy when the lattice material is in fluidic contact with a gas containing hydrogen or deuterium • Does not require naturally radioactive materials • Mechanically simple to construct and test but the physics of its operation is not fully understood • Easy to replicate	https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/GordonFlatticeene.pdf	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4dzTWY_aWM&feature=youtu.be
4762	Patent	Gordon, F.E., Whitehouse, H.J.	2019	Gaseous-phase ionizing radiation generator	USPO		US Patent Office				electrically controlled ionizing radiation, gaseous-phase, electrodes	A gaseous-phase ionizing radiation generator for the voltage controlled production, flux, and use of one or more forms of ionizing electromagnetic and/or particulate radiation including: embodiments to collect and convert the particulate radiation that is generated by the radiation generator into electricity; embodiments that generate electricity from the ionized gas within the radiation generator by means of an auxiliary electrode structure composed of interdigitated individual electrodes of alternating work function; and a method or procedure for the fabrication and the activation of at least one working electrode composed in part of a metal hydride host material that is not formally considered to be radioactive.	https://patents.google.com/patent/US10841989B2/en
4761	Magazine Article	University of Leicester	2021	Swirlonic Super Particles: Physicists Baffled by a Novel State of Matter	SciTechDaily						Particle Physics, Swirlons, Swirlonic, self-propelled particles, Newton's Second Law	A novel state of matter has been discovered by physicists at the University of Leicester. In recent years, active, self-propelled particles have received growing interest amongst the scientific community. Examples of active particles and their systems are numerous and very diverse, ranging from bacterium films to flocks of birds or human crowds. These systems can demonstrate unusual behavior, which is challenging to understand or model. To this end, large-scale models of active particles were being scrutinized by experts at Leicester, in order to understand basic principles underlying active particle dynamics and apply them in a scenario of an evacuation strategy for customers in crowded place. Unexpectedly, the ‘super-particles’ milling in a circular motion were stumbled upon by Leicester’s physicists who subsequently coined the phenomenon as “swirlonic.” The “swirlon” — a novel state of active matter — displayed a stunning behavior whereby instead of moving with acceleration, the quasi-particle groups moved with a constant velocity, proportional to the applied force and in the same direction of the force. This conduct seemingly violates the Second Newton’s Law, currently taught in secondary schools across the UK.	https://scitechdaily.com/swirlonic-super-particles-physicists-baffled-by-a-novel-state-of-matter
4760	Journal Article	Brilliantov N.V., Abutuqayqah H., Tyukin, I.Y., Matveev, S.A.	2020	Swirlonic state of active matter	natureresearch						Particle Physics, Swirlons, Swirlonic, self-propelled particles, Newton's Second Law	We report a novel state of active matter—a swirlonic state. It is comprised of swirlons, formed by groups of active particles orbiting their common center of mass. These quasi-particles demonstrate a surprising behavior: In response to an external load they move with a constant velocity proportional to the applied force, just as objects in viscous media. The swirlons attract each other and coalesce forming a larger, joint swirlon. The coalescence is extremely slow, decelerating process, resulting in a rarifed state of immobile quasi-particles. In addition to the swirlonic state, we observe gaseous, liquid and solid states, depending on the inter-particle and self-driving forces. Interestingly, in contrast to molecular systems, liquid and gaseous states of active matter do not coexist. We explain this unusual phenomenon by the lack of fast particles in active matter. We perform extensive numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. The predictions of the theory agree qualitatively and quantitatively with the simulation results.	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73824-4.pdf	https://scitechdaily.com/swirlonic-super-particles-physicists-baffled-by-a-novel-state-of-matter	A novel state of matter has been discovered by physicists at the University of Leicester.
4759	Journal Article	Panchelyuga, V.A., Diatroptov, M.E., Kolokolov, D.V.	2020	Influence of P-radiation on physical and chemical-biological systems. Results of some search experiments	Metaphysics, 2020, No 4, pp.72-88.					(In Russian)		In the present study the active factor is not the rotation of the mass, but the rotation of the Poynting vector. This allows us to hypothesize that rotation somehow changes the properties of the space in which fluctuation processes occur and that this is the reason for the subsequent change in its parameters. This assumption is also supported by the phenomenon of "phantom" - the phenomenon that the observed changes persist for a sufficiently long time after the rotation has already stopped. This phenomenon was discovered both in the case of mass rotation and in the present study with the rotation of the Poynting vector.	http://lib.rudn.ru/file/20_1060_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%204%2038%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB-10.pdf DOI: 10.22363/2224-7580-2020-4-72-88
4758	Report	Nelson, R.A.	1992	Ken Shoulders' Electrum Validum (EV)							Electrum Validum, EV, High Density Charge Cluster, HDCC,	Kenneth R. Shoulders has received five US Patents for his discovery and development High Density Charge Cluster (HDCC) technology. Shoulders describes the HDCC entity as "a relatively discrete, self-contained, negatively charged, high density state of matter... [a bundle of electrons that] appears to be produced by the application of a high electrical field between a cathode and an anode." He has given it the name "Electrum Validum" (EV), meaning "strong electron", from the Greek "elektron" (electronic charge) and the Latin "valere" (to be strong, having power to unite).	http://www.rexresearch.com/ev/ev.htm
4757	Report	Shoulders, K.R.	2005	Electromagnetic Pulse Source Using Fluidized Electrons			Rex Research				EMP, fluidized electrons, electric stun gun, HEP, EVO	A new ElectroMagnetic Pulse (EMP) technology is proposed based on the rapid decomposition, in lightning-like fashion, of cubic centimeter quantities of fluidized electrons yielding both high-energy particles and high intensity electromagnetic fields capable of deep penetration, massive disruption of electronic systems and having a long range, low lethality electric stun gun effect of high accuracy. A simple deployment method is proposed using ballistics by incorporating fluidized electrons into rounds of ammunition ranging from .22 caliber to 20 mm. The possibility of a more sophisticated guidance means employing a beam of light is also introduced.	http://www.rexresearch.com/shoulders/ElectromagneticPulseSourceUsingFluidizedElectrons.pdf	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7EG5DwWdQk
4756	Report	Kovacs, A., Vassallo, G., O'Hara, P., Di Tommaso, A.O., Celani, F.	2021	Maxwell's equations and Occams's Razor							Clifford algebra, gauges, electric charge, Zitterbewegung, Compton radius, electron mass, electromagnetic field theory, anomalous magnetic moment, photons, QM state transitions, charge quantization, electromagnetic symmetries	Presentation of some key ideas from the 2nd edition of our book, titled Maxwell-Dirac Theory and Occam's Razor: Unified Field, Elementary Particles and Nuclear Interactions	https://drive.google.com/file/d/11B4zlLaXs_JwHuo5PSJtxzTWn7CofERz/view
4755	Journal Article	Abo-Shaeer, J.R., Raman, C., Vogels, J.M., Ketterle, W.	2001	Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates	www.sciencemag.org, Vol 292, pp476-479				20 April 2001			Quantized vortices play a key role in superfluidity and superconductivity. We have observed the formation of highly ordered vortex lattices in a rotating Bose-condensed gas. These triangular lattices contained over 100 vortices with lifetimes of several seconds. Individual vortices persisted up to 40 seconds. The lattices could be generated over a wide range of rotation frequencies and trap geometries, shedding light on the formation process. Our observation of dislocations, irregular structure, and dynamics indicates that gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates may be a model system for the study of vortex matter.	https://sci-hub.se/10.1126/science.1060182	https://disqus.com/embed/comments/?base=default&f=ecw&t_i=25206%20https%3A%2F%2Fe-catworld.com%2F%3Fp%3D25206&t_u=https%3A%2F%2Fe-catworld.com%2F2021%2F02%2F16%2Fupdate-from-aureon-energy%2F&t_e=Update%20from%20Aureon%20Energy&t_d=Update%20from%20Aureon%20Energy&t_t=Update%20from%20Aureon%20Energy&s_o=desc#
4754	Report	Lewis, E.	2019	'Strange Particles': Plasmoids and the Need for Paradigm Change in Physics			September/October 2019 - Issue 147 - Infinite Energy					Some researchers hold that the “strange traces” of the Russians are caused by monopoles, especially what is called the Lochak monopole that is a theorized kind of “leptonic monopole.” Many in the cold fusion field, especially older researchers, say that there is no need for any kind of paradigm shift. They say that their own quantum mechanics (QM) theories are correct or that they don’t see a need for a drastic revision of QM. They say the anomalies of cold fusion can be explained by QM one day. To me, this is nonsense. Their attempts haven’t worked for 30 years, and they keep ignoring all the anomalies of plasmoid phenomena.	http://www.scientificrevolutions.com/oldsite/2019/IEnergy2019art.pdf
4753	All	Lewis, E.	2021	Tornadoes, Plasmoids and Ball Lightning Identification Evidence								Tornadoes and ball lightning are kinds of plasmoid phenomena. Certain anomalous characteristics of tornadoes and ball lightning are described here. Their behavior is shown to be similar to the behavior of plasmoid phenomena produced by electrolysis and discharge apparatus as evidenced by certain micrometer-sized markings in nuclear emulsions and marks in materials.	https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2013/02/01/tornadoes-plasmoids-and-ball-lightning-identification-evidence/
4752	All	Matsumoto, T.	2021	Micro ball lightning and its accelerator proposed to control natural phenomena	Genshikaku Kenkyu; ISSN 0367-4169; Worldcat; v. 47(4); p. 157-164						acceleration, accelerators, atomic clusters, ball lightning, cold fusion, earthquakes, electric discharges, electron reactions, hypothesis, japan, proposals, volcanism, water	Micro Ball Lightning (BL) was recently discovered in laboratory. It was also observed during natural phenomena such as volcanic eruption and earthquake. This paper described a brief review of micro BL observed in laboratory as well as during two natural phenomena. Being based on a hypothesis of that those natural phenomena could have been caused by explosive reactions of micro BL, a potential accelerator of micro BL was proposed to control the natural phenomena	https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:34011594
4751	All	Matsumoto, T.	2000	Transport and Collapse of Micro Ball Lightning	IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science							Curious behavior of micro Ball Lighhg (BL) which was artificially generated during Underwater Spark Discharges (USD)(l) will be presented. The micro BL was an atomic cluster in a special :itate, called an "itonic" cluster. Its electrons were assumed to lie interconnected each other so that the cluster could exist for a moment as a stable body. The bonding or the electrons was so strong that nuclear reactions could be induced. The most significant reaction was nuclear collapse, called Electro-Nuclear Collapse (ENC), from which light elements such as carbon could be regenerated as curious thin film or tube like products. The micro BL was generated on a tip bottom of a plate anode of copper, those shape was like a knife (about 5 mm wide). It was upwards driven by the electrical potential, dbg which various kinds of traces were deposited on the copper plate: transport 01; micro BL, the generation of carbon films, and rotational eruption, called micro tornado, explained by The Nattoh Model (2). The mechanisms of the curious phenomena will be explained by the Nattoh model.	https://sci-hub.se/10.1109/plasma.2000.854996
4750	All	Matsumoto, T.	2021	Micro Ball Lightning and its Nuclear Collapse during Earthquakes near Kouzu-shima Island in 2000			EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly, Abstracts from the meeting held in Nice, France, 6 - 11 April 2003, abstract id. 13998					Micro explosion of nuclear collapse was recently discovered during underwater electrical discharge by the author (1). The phenomenon was called Electro-Nuclear Collapse (ENC) in order to distinguish from the gravitational collapse. ENC occurred with a special state of an atomic or molecular cluster, itonic cluster. It was alternatively called micro Lightning (BL), because its size was about 100 μmφ and several curious property were common with natural BL. ENC was easily induced not only by electrical discharge but also by other techniques such as ultrasonic vibration, heating, compression, fission and laser and electron beams. Furthermore it was suggested that ENC of micro BL could occur in natural violent phenomena such as earthquake and volcanic eruption. They were really observed during the volcanic eruption of Mt. Usu (Hokkaido island in Japan) in 2000 (2). This paper described a brief review of ENC of micro BL and observations of micro BL and its ENC during the earthquakes near Kouzu-shima island (Tokyo in Japan) in 2000. Furthermore, a new theory of earthquake that was based on ENC of a large number of micro BL was proposed. Reference 1.T. Matsumoto, "Steps to the Discovery of Electro-Nuclear Collapse: Collected Papers (1989--1999)," (2000). Copies will be distributed at this conference. 2.T. Matsumoto, "Micro Ball Lightning Observed during Underwater Spark Discharges, Compared with Natural Ones," Proc. of Pulsed Power Plasma Science (PPPS-2001), Vol. 1, p. 273 (2001).	https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252109929_Micro_Ball_Lightning_and_its_Nuclear_Collapse_during_Earthquakes_near_Kouzu-shima_Island_in_2000
4749	Conference Paper	Matsumoto, T.	2000	Feasibility of X-Ray Laser by Underwater Spark Discharges	JAERI-Conf 20()()-0()6			Hokkaido University			Underwater Spark Discharge, Micro Ball Lightning, Itonic Cluster, X-Ray Laser	The method of Underwater Spark Discharges(USD) is one of the most effective ways for generating extremely compressed atomic clusters (called itonic clusters or micro Ball Lightning(BL)). It is also associated with energetic X-rays, which are caused by the break up of the itonic electrons. Despite of low voltage discharges of about 50 V, the high energy X-rays up to 150 keV can be generated. This paper proposed two methods of generating X-ray laser by using micro BL: (1) micro BL on surfaces of regularly arrayed wire cathodes and (2) gas of micro BL generated by USD.	https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1m346uqg3h-cURTamZ6_neLfyqLQUgwhV
4748	Conference Paper	Matsumoto, T.	2000	Acceleration Methods of Itonic Clusters	Proceedings of the 25th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan (July 12-14, 2000, Himeji, Japan)							A new state of atomic clusters can be easily generated by electric discharges. Since Electro-Nuclear Reactions (ENRs) could occur in the cluster, new physics could be expected with an accelerated beam if the clusters. Here, two acceleration methods of the clusters by using linac.	https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1m346uqg3h-cURTamZ6_neLfyqLQUgwhV
4747	Journal Article	Bogdanovich, B.U. Volkov, N.V., Len, N. A., Nesterovich, A.N.	2019	Video Recording of Long-Lived Plasmoids near Objects Exposed to Remote and Direct Effects of High-Current Pinch Discharges	Technical Physics volume 64, pages465–469(2019)				15 May, 2019		plasmoids, high current pinch discharges	The results of observation of plasmoids that were formed during periodic discharge in a flow of liquid, in particular, water, in its surrounding space during discharge and in post-discharge, have been presented. The presence of long-lived luminous formations not only in the air, but also on the surface and above the surface of nearby objects has been noted. The reasons for the appearance of such objects and their properties, which have features not only of macro-, but also micro-objects, such as Dirac’s monopole, have been analyzed.	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1063784219040066 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063784219040066
4746	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - Valley Forge - Live microscope session 2			YouTube		Feb 5, 2021			Discussion on how the 'Valley' features on brass plate was formed	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA2zuLXj-bU&feature=youtu.be
4745	Journal Article	Smith, P.J., Hendricks, R.C., Steinetz, B.M.	2021	Electrolytic co-deposition neutron production measured by bubble detectors	Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 19 January 2021					Bubble detector neutron dosimeters measured electrochemical cell neutron activity Case control: PdCl2/LiCl/D20 cells were compared with CuCl2/LiCl/D20 control cells Experimental cells exhibited neutron activity greater than controls: 99% confidence Highest neutron-generating experimental cells produced dendritic cathode deposits Neutron activity cannot be explained by chemical reactions, only nuclear processes		Co-deposition electrochemical cells are a simple means to examine novel nuclear reactions. In this study, palladium and deuterium atoms were co-deposited on a cathode at stoichiometric densities, forming dendritic morphologies. Bubble detector neutron dosimeters were used to measure equivalent dose levels during electrolytic deposition. Cells expected to produce excess neutrons were denoted as experimental cells and contained an electrolyte consisting of palladium(II) chloride, lithium chloride, and heavy water. The control cells used copper(II) chloride, lithium chloride, and heavy water electrolyte. Thirteen experimental and nine control cells were supplied current, increasing from 0.1 to 100.0 mA over a period of 20 days. Neutron radiation levels detected near experimental cells were, on average, greater than those measured near control cells for the entire test profile. For test days 9 through 20, the experimental cells exhibited significantly higher average neutron radiation than the controls at a 99% confidence level.	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1572665721000503	https://e-catworld.com/2021/02/01/nasa-team-reports-neutron-production-from-co-deposition-electrochemical-cells/
4744	Report	Greenyer, R.W.	2019	Natural Plasma Balls and LENR — Hesseldan Norway Phenomena Examined (Bob Greenyer)	E-Cat World	Acland, F.					fire ball, Hesseldalen, natural plasma balls, LENR, radiation	Bob Greenyer has made a series of videos regarding ‘fire ball’ phenomena that have been observed in the Hesseldalen valley in central Norway. Starting in 198 residents of this valley observed many unusual lights in the area, some of which were filmed and photographed and have been documented on this website: http://www.hessdalen.org/index_e.shtml Bob’s videos explore this phenomenon and examine the possible link between ‘natural plasma balls’ and LENR. He examines research from an Italian research team which studied the area in 2002. Researchers took powder samples from the vicinity of where local witnesses had seen fireballs, who found radiation readings many times above background.	https://e-catworld.com/2019/01/18/natural-plasma-balls-and-lenr-hesseldan-norway-phenomena-examined-bob-greenyer/
4743	Book	Hein, S.	2017	Black Swan Ghosts: A sociologist encounters witnesses to unexplained aerial craft, their occupants, and other elements of the multiverse			Mount Baldy Press					What happens when you come into contact with a phenomenon so controversial it can destroy your career? New bonus feature—Stunning witness video interviews, links now embedded in the eBook text at the end of some chapters. Black Swan Ghosts is an investigation into how our society treats witnesses to unexplained events, unidentified aerial objects, and mysterious beings. It’s a topic that I once dismissed as being weird, fringe, and kind of crazy. Something I’d avoid. But after getting involved in the subject of Remote Viewing and getting to know participants in this previously classified government program, I began to encounter more and more highly credible witnesses to these hard-to-explain phenomena. And after a while, the weight of the evidence overcame any doubts I had about the authenticity and veracity of these subjects. This is an investigation of why our society is so reluctant to engage and address the critical issues raised by such phenomena. Why are we afraid to take the subject seriously? What are the consequences to the witnesses? Exactly what kind of universe do we live in? Includes witness stories from a former Air Force and commercial pilot, children of high ranking Air Force officials, an Aerospace engineer, a former NASA astrobiologist, a retired U.S. government remote viewer, and many others. You’ll hear and see what it’s like to come face to face with the unknown. It’s now time for their stories to be heard. And it’s time we all started listening. Now includes video interviews, on the BlackSwanGhosts.com website, with many of the witnesses in the book.	https://blackswanghosts.com/
4742	Book	Parkhomov, A.G.	2019	SPACE. EARTH. HUMAN. New Views on science			The Image Refinery		251 pages	Second Edition: English Translation organised and printed by Bob Greenyer		This book describes the results of a person who discovered in himself a vocation for experimental research and tried to implement it as much as circumstances allowed at the unique time of the turn of the millennium. The author studied at the Faculty of Experimental and Theoretical Physics of the Moscow Engineering-Physical Institute and work for 12 years as a researcher at this remarkable forge of scientific and engineering personnel, investigating, mainly the properties of radiation from nuclear reactors. However, these works we quite standard and monotonous. The truly fascinating and fruitful research began when it became possible to independently choose the objects and methods of experiments.	ISBN 978-1-711-22121-2
4741	Journal Article	Urutskoev, L.I., Liksonov, V.I., Tsinoev, V.G.	2001	Observation of transformation of chemical elements during electric discharge	Prikladnaya Fizika (Applied Physics, in Russian), 2000, vol.4, pp. 83-100		Kurchatov Institute				electric explosion, in water, strange radiation, magnetic charge	Results of experimental studies of electric explosion, in water, of foils made of extremely pure materials are presented. New chemical elements detected both by spectroscopic measurements during the electric discharge and by a mass-spectrometer analysis of sediments after the discharge have been found to appear. A "strange" radiation associated with the transformation of chemical elements has been registered. A hypothesis has been put forward that particles of the "strange" radiation have magnetic charge.	https://arxiv.org/ftp/physics/papers/0101/0101089.pdf	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1-aMp9oJtk&t=18s
4740	Patent	Bushman, B.B.	1997	Apparatus and method for amplifying a magnetic beam	US Patent Office Patent No.: US5929732A		USPO			Expired on 2017-04-17	magnetic beam, magnetic monopole, levitation, degaussing	An apparatus and method for creating a magnetic beam wherein a focusing magnet assembly (45) is comprised of a first opposing magnet pair (20) and a second opposing magnet pair (30) disposed in a focusing plane, each magnet of the respective opposing magnet pairs having a like pole directed towards the geometric center of the focusing magnet assembly (45) to form an alignment path, two like magnetic beams extending from the alignment path on each side of the focusing magnet assembly (45), each beam being generally perpendicular to the focusing plane. A like pole of an unopposed magnet (10) can be directed down the alignment path from one side of the focusing magnet assembly (45) to produce a single magnetic beam extending generally perpendicular from the focusing magnet assembly opposite unopposed magnet (10). This beam is a magnetic monopole which emits pulses, levitates, degausses, stops electronics and separates materials.	https://patents.google.com/patent/US5929732A/en
4739	Website of Interest	Bearden, T.E.	2014	The Tom Bearden Website							free energy, vacuum energy, scalar electromagnetics, EM, Heaviside, Gibbs, Priore, AIDS, Excalibur Briefing, Bedini, Chernobyl, Kyshtyn, dipole, negentropy, physics bohm-aharanov, aias, adas, tesla, becker, Popp, cheniere, interferometry, KGB	Tom Bearden delivers the REAL GREEN NEW DEAL	https://www.cheniere.org/
4738	Journal Article	Wynne, B.	1976	C.G. Barkla and the J Phenomenon: A Case Study in the Treatment of Deviance in Physics	Social Studies of Science, 6(1976) pp307-47			Department of Sociology, University of Lancaster, Cartmel College, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YL, UK		Bob Greenyer speculates that 'J-Radiation' was of EVO origin	Barkla, J Radiation	The history of science is replete with claims which have been the subject of heated controversy 1 Sometimes the rejection of 'revolutionary' claims by the orthodox is vindicated as relatively simple explanations of the problematic ’events’ subsequently come to light. Sometimes the initially implausible or eccentric claims are triumphantly vindicated as a doubting orthodoxy either eats humble pie, or attempts to represent the new wisdom as something it has always believed. But sometimes the eventual demise of an unpopular claim is surrounded by a confusion of innuendo, inconsistency, unsubstantiated assertions, and plain ignorance; there often appears to be no consistent account of the claim’s rejection, and predominant reasons given in terms of strict rational criteria may seem to require further qualification. The ’J phenomenon’, a complicated set of experimental claims and preliminary theoretical forays by the British physicist C.G. Barkla, is a good example of a case of the third type. It was a scientific ’error’ on the fringes of ’orthodox’ physics which lasted long enough to generate over fifty scientific papers. The J phenomenon never received an absolutely final and clear 'explanation' in terms which would justify its 'rational' rejection by the mainstream. The case reflects a deep gulf of incommensurability between groups pursuing two different idioms of science, a difference which I have argued elsewhere2 had been extant, if less marked, for nearly two decades before the climax (but not the end) of the controversy in 1923.	shorturl.at/vwHU6
4737	All	LeClair, M.	2021	Method and apparatus for the controlled formation of cavitation bubbles	USPO		US7517430B1		2009-04-14		Cavitation Processing, Fluid Dynamics, Nanotechnology, Solar, Biofuels, CFD, Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics, Green Energy	The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the directed formation of a re-entrant micro-jet formed upon the collapse of a cavitation bubble formed proximate to a work surface placed in a fluid. A mask containing an orifice, placed between the work surface and the cavitation bubble, is utilized to direct the re-entrant micro-jet to the work surface. The cavitation bubble may be formed in the desired location by focusing an energy flow proximate to the mask. The energy flow may be obtained by radiation from laser, x-ray, or electrical discharge sources.	https://patents.google.com/patent/US7517430B1/en
4736	Video	LeClair, M., King, M.	2020	Cavitation, Zero point & Leclair effect nuclear reactions (LENR)			YouTube		May 6, 2020			Macrocationic, crystallized cavitation reentrant jets were first observed during investigation of directed cavitation reentrant jet nano and micro-machining in water by the author in 2004 in Buxton, ME, on grants funded by the Maine Technology Institute. I again observed the same behavior in 2005 on work funded by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority as PI, with co-investigators Serge Lebid, EVP NanoSpire, Inc., Prof. Eric Eisenbraun of Albany Nanotech, and others. The extreme pressure and temperature of cavitation bubble collapse was compressing dissociated water H+ and OH- ions at the bubble interface into solid, faceted macrocationic crystals possessing an equilateral triangle crystalline subunit. Reentrant jet impacts formed pit cross-sections that were equilateral triangles, regular or oval-shaped hexagons, twinned crystals such as hourglasses, or hybrids of triangles and hexagons. The presentation will provide an overview of data and theories addressing the structure and dynamics of crystallized cavitation re-entrant jets in coherently extracting zero point energy, triggering fusion and driving prebiotic chemistry. NanoSpire has four issued patents: • LeClair, M. L., Method and Apparatus for the Controlled Formation of Cavitation Bubbles. US Patent No. 7,517,430 issued April. 14, 2009. • LeClair, M. L., Method and Apparatus for the Controlled Formation of Cavitation Bubbles Using Target Bubbles. US Patent No. 7,297,288 issued Nov. 20, 2007. • LeClair, M. L., Method and Apparatus for the Controlled Formation of Cavitation Bubbles. US Patent No. 6,960,307 issued Nov. 1, 2005 • LeClair, M. L., Method and Apparatus for the Controlled Formation of Cavitation Bubbles Using Target Bubbles. US Patent No. 6,932,914 issued Aug. 23, 2005.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0s_6k6wtks
4735	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Further discussion on potential geo-polymer casting technologies			YouTube					Leveraging the ubiquity of Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVOs) Further to the article presented here: shorturl.at/dfZ45 It is clear that other experimental observations made since 1989 point to a number of EVO based approaches to geo-polymer casting technologies	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_f1A9uESjbc
4734	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Why are there H-block magnetic anomalies at Puma Punku and Tiwinaku?			YouTube		Jan 16, 2021			Can we explain H-block magnetic anomalies at Puma Punku and Tiwinaku in Bolivia?	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7B9N-ZObX8g
4733	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Hutchison Effect - Magneto Toro Electro Gravitic field interference driven transmutation - Fracture			YouTube				gravity, Exotic Vacuum Objects, element synthesis	With a growing body of evidence, including specific patents from the US Navy, statements from Martin Fleischmann and Takaaki Matsumoto that Fusion technologies have relationships to gravity research, this video asks if interference and gravity collapse of Exotic Vacuum Objects can account for remarkable structures and apparent element synthesis on a Hutchison Effect sample.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BxnDe5mu14
4732	Newspaper Article	Laurence, W.L.	1956	Physicist 'Creates' Universe in a Test Tube	New York Times		New York Times					Out of a small glass chamber, devised to study means for taming the explosive energy of the hydrogen bomb for peaceful uses, has come a new vision of creation. It offers for the first time experimental evidence of the possible origin of the infinite universe of stars and galaxies.	https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1956/12/12/86962827.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0		Atom Gun Produces Galaxies and Gives Clues to Creation
4731	Journal Article	Ziolkowski, R.W., Tippett, M.K.	1991	Collective effect in an electron plasma system catalyzed by a localized electromagnetic wave	Physical Review A 43(6), 3066-3072			University of California, Laurence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550	15 March 1991			The possibility of the existence of an essentially single-species plasma state represented by a stable packet of charged particles moving collectively through space-time is examined. The collective plasma state is catalyzed by a localized electromagnetic wave. Condensation to this state is shown to occur on a very short time scale. The model treats the particle packet as a warm electron plasma (fluid) and self-consistently incorporates the resulting electromagnetic field. Predicted characteristics of the localized particle packet and its associated electromagnetic fields compare favorably with recent experimental data.	https://sci-hub.se/10.1103/physreva.43.3066 doi:10.1103/physreva.43.3066
4730	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2018	Seek & Share \| MFMP Bob Greenyer Sochi 04 Oct 2018				Soci	04 Oct 2018				https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWT9H8TPJeQ&t=1332s
4729	Website of Interest	Knowledge Computing	2007	Plasma Universe					2007-2021		plasma, Alfven, plasma astrophysics, plasma universe, plasma cosmology	The Plasma Universe is a term coined by Nobel Laureate Hannes Alfven to highlight the importance of plasma throughout the Universe. See how much you think you know about cosmic plasma below, and then check out our articles, images and the Plasma Universe Timeline. Note: Some of the theories on this site form the cornerstone of plasma astrophysics. Other theories contradict the generally accepted view (qv). This site merely attempts to describe them, citing peer-reviewed references where available.	https://www.plasma-universe.com/
4728	Newspaper Article	Bostik, W.H.	2007	Winston H. Bostick/Newspaper clippings			Plasma-Universe.com					Winston H. Bostick newspaper clippings. Note: For peer-reviewed articles on this subject, see Bostick’s bibliography (https://www.plasma-universe.com/winston-h-bostick/#Bibliography) and the article on plasmoids (https://www.plasma-universe.com/plasmoid/	https://www.plasma-universe.com/winston-h-bostick-newspaper-clippings/
4727	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Hutchison Effect - LENR - Sun			YouTube		Feb 27, 2020		Nikola Tesla, US Fusion Program, EVO, LENR	The work of Nikola Tesla, the US Fusion Program, John Hutchison, Ken Shoulders and LENR are inextricably and demonstrably linked.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQh0zMLpzMo
4726	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	The Monopole Clutch - Evidence of Monopole-Like Structures and their Action in Cold Transmutation of Nuclei			YouTube				monopole, Papp Engine, Brown's Gas, Solin	Bob Greenyer starts to make the case that monopoles are the cause for some of the most extraordinary findings of the past 50 years. Drawing on his own empirical data, and that of many other researchers he applies the findings to, amongst other things, 1. The Papp Engine accident including an overlooked fact from the personal testimony of ‪Richard Feynman 2. The witnessed ability of Brown Gas to near-immediately stabilise radio-nuclides, giving reason to the specific method used He concludes by referencing an awarded but expired patent, priority 1992, which he came across in August 2020 where the inventor has clearly observed the exact same phenomenon and come to similar explanations for what is going on.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=At2hUvA_-cI&t=0s
4725	Conference Paper	Shoulders, K.R., Hutchison, J., Adamenko, S.V.	2005	EVOs and the Hutchison Effect	MIT Cold Fusion Conference		MIT	Massachusetts, USA	May 21, 2005		nuclear transmutation, low-voltage electrical discharge, slow bending of metals, shredded metal structures, fractured metal structures, propulsion, melting without heat, metal luminance with heat, EVO	Topics Include: NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION FROM LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE Slow Bending Of Metals Shredded Metal Structures Fractured Metal Structures Propulsion--Both Slow and Impulsive Melting Without Heat Metal Luminance Without Heat EVO Strikes Abound in Sample CONCEPTION OF THE ARTIFICIALLY INITIATED COLLAPSE OF THE SUBSTANCE AND KEY RESULTS OF THE FIRST STAGE OF ITS EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION Super-Heavy, Stable Isotope Generation Wide Range of Isotopic Transmutations High Energy Photons and Ions Cobalt 60 Neutralization Overall Energy Gain	http://www.rexresearch.com/shoulders/EVOsandHutchisonEffect.pdf
4724	Report	Hathaway, G.D.	1990	The Hutchison effect - a lift and disruption system	Humanity Development Library 2.0			Toronto, Ontario, Canada				The following may shed light on a most unusual phenomenon which we have called the "Hutchison Effect". It is a very strange arrangement of technologies including those of Nikola Tesla and Robert Van de Graaf. This is a topic that is very conducive to wandering because it brings in all of the most amazing kinds of effects that one would love to have in their basement, such as material levitating and floating around, being able to break steel bars without the use of your bare hands, and all sorts of other weird and wonderful things.	shorturl.at/emwH6
4723	Journal Article	Hutchison, J.	2021	The Hutchison Effect Apparatus	Electric Spacecraft Journal, Issue 9, 1993							There have been some serious investigations into the Hutchison Effect in Canada, the United states, and Germany. (See articles in ESJ #4.) The reality of objects being moved, levitated, or restructured by magnetic and electric field effects does not seem to be in question. Just how or why the events happen is the questionable part. John Hutchison has been providing ESJ with details on his work, as have a few others who have worked with him over the years. The picture consistently described is that of numerous experimental apparatus being operated simultaneously and interactively. "Events" occur, somewhat unpredictably. This is a format of accidental discovery through undefined mixture. It is exciting to the experimenter, yet frustrating to the scientist trying to sort out the interaction of the variables. Although recollection and details ore difficult, Mr. Hutchison describes some of his apparatus in this attempt to share with other experimenters.	https://hiroko.or.jp/wp-content/file/gravity-control/Space%20resonance/HutchisonEffect.pdf
4722	Conference Paper	Matsumoto, T.	1999	Electro-Nuclear Reactions in Ball Lightning	1999 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science. 26th		IEEE				micro ball lightning, underwater spark discharges, electro-nuclear reactions, electro-nuclear collapse, transmutation, Nattoh model,	Summary form only given, as follows. The artificial generation of micro ball lightning (BL) during underwater spark discharges (USB) is presented. An atomic cluster in a special state was generated, called an "itonic" cluster, which could exist for a moment as a stable body and run around underwater as well as in air. The curious behavior of the cluster resembled BL in the natural environment. It was amazing that several new kinds of nuclear reactions ("electro-nuclear reactions (ENRs)") took place in the cluster. The most significant of ENRs among them was nuclear collapse, "electro-nuclear collapse (ENC)". Since the electromagnetic force is 40 orders stronger than the gravitational force, ENC was very easy to induce even in the laboratory. Nuclear transmutation (ENT) was also stimulated in the cluster. Experimental evidence for ENRs is shown. The mechanisms of ENRs is explained by the Nattoh model.	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/829469/metrics#metrics https://sci-hub.se/10.1109/PLASMA.1999.829469
4721	Conference Paper	Matsumoto, T.	2000	Acceleration Methods of Itonic Clusters	Proceedings of the 25th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan (July 12-14, 2000, Himeji, Japan)				July 12-14, 2000		atomic clusters, electric discharges, Electro-Nuclear Reactions, ENR, new physics, no gamma rays	A new state of atomic clusters can be easily generated by electric discharges. Since Electro-Nuclear Reactions (ENRs) could occur in the cluster, new physics could be expected with an accelerated beam of the clusters. Here, two acceleration methods of the clusters will be proposed by using linac.	http://www-linac.kek.jp/mirror/www.spring8.or.jp/JAPANESE/conference/li-me00/PDF/13B-01.pdf	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4PiuU9H3o4
4720	Video	Matsumoto, T. Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Acceleration Methods of Itonic Clusters by Takaaki Matsumoto - Bob Greenyer Explains			YouTube		Jan 27, 2021		Itonic, ball lightning, Electro-Nuclear Reactions, ENR, acceleration methods	Bob reviews a paper given to at the 25th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan (July 12-14, 2000, Himeji, Japan) where Takaaki Matsumoto discusses the extraordinary capabilities of what he called 'Itonic Clusters' which very much resemble ball lightning.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4PiuU9H3o4	https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1m346uqg3h-cURTamZ6_neLfyqLQUgwhV
4719	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - Valley kernel canyon 2			YouTube					Another close look at the Vega 'Valley' sample canyon 'kernels' with the Nurugo smart phone microscope attachment on a Samsung S7 phone.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3dtIFz7Flc
4718	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - Valley edge on			YouTube		Feb 9, 2021			Vega 'Valley' sample edges imaged with the Nurugo smart phone microscope attachment on a Samsung S7 phone.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKivO42y5tE
4717	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	VEGA - EVO Blaster?			YouTube		Dec 10, 2020		HENK, MFMP	What is VEGA? What is it showing us? What can we learn from it?
4716	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - Valley overview			YouTube		Feb 4, 2021			This is a preview of a VEGA sample and a livestream setup for real-time optical microscope session on YouTube.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxsI_wPmikk
4715	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - Valley alluvial channels			YouTube		Feb 8, 2021			The third of 3 videos looking at the Vega 'Valley' sample with the Nurugo smart phone microscope attachment on a Samsung S7 phone.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BEY0Ezgamk
4714	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	VEGA - Valley kernel canyon			YouTube		Feb 7, 2021			Bob hosts the second of 3 videos looking at the Vega 'Valley' sample with the Nurugo smart phone microscope attachment on a Samsung S7 phone.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lacwXLwOIjo
4713	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Lets talk about reactor design			YouTube		Feb 12, 2021			Bob hosts a live and open discussion on the principles for a potential general purpose reactor design.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPAzFskvj9o
4712	Report	Tingley, B., Rogoway, T.	2019	Docs Show Navy Got 'UFO' Patent Granted By Warning Of Similar Chinese Tech Advances	The War Zone		Naval Aircraft Warefare Center		JUNE 28, 2019	Just because something is patented doesn’t mean it’s currently in production or even possible. Private entities and the U.S. government both regularly patent forward-looking technologies to ensure that they own the rights to them when or if they’re ever fully realized. The patent for the hybrid craft is set to expire on September 28, 2036.	hybrid aerospace-underwater craft, , Tic Tac, Nimitz, quantum vacuum	The United States Secretary of Navy is listed as the assignee on several radical aviation technologies patented by an aerospace engineer working at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) headquarters in Patuxent River, Maryland. One of these patents describes a "hybrid aerospace-underwater craft" claimed to be capable of truly extraordinary feats of speed and maneuverability in air, water, and outer space alike thanks to a revolutionary electromagnetic propulsion system.	https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/28729/docs-show-navy-got-ufo-patent-granted-by-warning-of-similar-chinese-tech-advances
4711	Report	Shoulders, K.R., Sarfatti, J.	2013	Energy Conversion From The Exotic Vacuum--Revised			Rex Rearch				EV, Electron Cluster, cold fusion, local gravity coupling, Casimir	A connection is shown between electron clusters, or EVs, and energy conversion processes yielding thermal energy in excess of the input energy used to form the electron cluster. This energy conversion process is traced to all known forms of cold fusion claims for over-unity or excess energy production. A theory of like charge binding as well as highly effective nuclear acceleration using the charge cluster is presented based on local gravity coupling arising from manipulation of the Exotic Vacuum	http://www.rexresearch.com/shoulders/EnergyConversionFromTheExoticVacuumRevised.pdf
4710	Report	Shoulders, K.R.	2013	Kenneth R. Shoulders Papers	Science History Institute Archives		Philadelphia Area Archives Research Portal (PAARP)	Philiadelphia	1955-2008	This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the Science History Institute Archives. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in our reading room, and not digitally available through the web.	Correspondence, Subject Files, Notes and Letters, Patent Files, Notebooks, Manuscripts, Papers, Presentations and Speeches, Printed Materials, Audio-Visual Materials, Electronic Storage Materials, Oversized, Artifacts, Photographic Materials	Correspondence, research files, personal files, patent files, papers and presentations, publications, audio-visual materials, electronic storage materials, and photographic materials of American electronics engineer, experimental physicist, and inventor Kenneth R. Shoulders.	http://dla.library.upenn.edu/dla/pacscl/detail.html?id=PACSCL_SCIHIST_2015003USpaphchf http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017/d/pacscl/SCIHIST_2015003USpaphchf
4709	Journal Article	Koops, H.W.P.	2014	Kenneth Radford Shoulders Memorial Lecture at IVNC 2014			IVNC			Ken Shoulders also wrote routinely on his research and progress and ideas , which was placed in the internet under : http://www.svn.net/krscfs/ but this link is dead	EVO, Exotic Vacuum Object, Vacuum Microelectronics, Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer, John Hutchison, plasma radiation	A good tribute to the father of microelectronics and extensive researcher into Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVOs)	http://www.vacuumnanoelectronics.org/kneneth-radford-shoulders/
4708	Report	Bettini, G.	2020	The EVOs Exotic Vacuum Objects			Vixra.org is a pre-print repository rather than a journal. Articles hosted may not yet have been verified by peer-review and should be treated as preliminary.				EVO, Exotic Vacuum Object, Cauchy Riemann, Ken Shoulders	This document is specifically dedicated to finding an exact solution of a charged cylindrical wave in a vacuum. It is a charged electromagnetic field that exactly obeys the conditions of Cauchy Riemann. It is a "waveguide" field, but without the waveguide. Mathematically the solution carries mass, charge and angular momentum and also magnetic charge. It must be better understood, whether it has a physical meaning or not and whether it has to do with the mysterious EVOs of Ken Shoulders. It is certainly exotic and it is certainly in a vacuum.	https://vixra.org/pdf/2003.0021v1.pdf
4707	All	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Kenneth Radford Shoulders - extras transcript		Greenyer, R.W.	Steemit					Transcript of an interview with Ken Shoulders	https://steemit.com/steemstem/@mfmp/kenneth-radford-shoulders-extras-transcript
4706	Report	Parkhomov, A.G., Greenyer, R.W., Zhigalov, V.	2021	Notes on Alexander Parkhomov's Woodpecker' Strange Radiation generator								Any experimenter can create a “woodpecker” device. You need a horizontal flat electrode immersed in water or another liquid, and a vertical electrode in the form of a thin rod. The vertical electrode is connected to an electromagnet, which is powered by a current, the circuit of which is closed through the electrodes. When the electrodes are connected, the electromagnet pulls up the vertical electrode, the circuit opens, after which the vertical electrode falls on the horizontal one. The chain closes again, the cycle repeats. In my devices, the voltage is up to 100V, the current is several A. Firstly, this device is not just designed to make Strange Radiation (SR), this is a device to explore elemental transmutations due to spark interaction under water etc	https://steemit.com/steemstem/@mfmp/notes-on-alexander-parkhomov-s-woodpecker-strange-radiation-generator
4705	Website of Interest	Greenyer, R.W.	2016	MFMP - International Live Open Science project			Steemit					LENR and related archive up to a year ago	https://steemit.com/@mfmp
4704	Report	Greenyer, R.W.	2019	OHMA – Strong Evidence that Ohmasa Vibrator Enables Fusion (Bob Greenyer)							Ohmasa, Stainless Steel Vibrator plate, optical microscope	An SEM/EDS analysis was done by the MFMP of a section from an Ohmasa Stainless Steel Vibrator plate that was coated with Pd and run in DI water with 5% Heavy Water added and MgCl2. Apparent observation of production of Cr, Fe and Ni as well as apparent production of diamond possibly confirming claims of Mark LeClaire.	https://e-catworld.com/2019/09/01/ohma-strong-evidence-that-ohmasa-vibrator-enables-fusion-bob-greenyer/
4703	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2019	OHMA - Ohmasa vibration technology - MFMPs first look			YouTube			Mr Ryushin Ohmasa demonstrates his apparatus for generating the gas for which he has a US PAtent	Ohmasa gas generation, stable	Features of Ohmasa Gas -- Ignition and burning is stable and quiet Hydrogen atoms in the flame and the presence of OH radicals. The raw gas is molecular hydrogen, atomic hydrogen in addition to oxygen, such as the presence of oxygen and deuterium. Is safe to compress the gas mixture. 100-200 and the pressure to secure "mixed gas" state. Even in long-term storage, "composition and energy" shows essentially no change. Plenty of water (70 percent) even with the oil emulsion containing a possible burn completely. Vaporizes metal tungsten in about one second. To demonstrate the high-energy "conversion element" in the possibility of a lot of attention is the creation of new industry expectations. Can be expected as energy nanotechnology manufacturing. Raw energy and "water" and "infinity", and completely clean energy. Applications High-energy fuel cell (from small to large) High-performance large-scale power plant (including gas turbines) Nanotechnology, energy production (Purazama replacement) Creation of new industries as energy Aircraft, marine power sources Heat of a difficult waste incinerator for Alternative fuel gas Steel, other metal cutting (for acetylene gas substitution)	https://youtu.be/hAlhKaWWzLM	http://www.rexresearch.com/ohmasa/ohmasa.htm
4702	Website of Interest	Parkhomov, A.G., Greenyer, R.W., Power, P.W.	2018	Nanosoft		Power, P.W.		Auckland			binding energy	(to be filled-in later)	http://www.nanosoft.co.nz/
4701	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Exotic Vacuum Objects in various LENR systems			YouTube				Matsumoto, Egely, resonant chamber, Bogdanovich, Ohmasa, LION, D treated Diamond, HF	Bob Greenyer looks at a range of potential Exotic Vacuum Object witness marks observed in a range of systems that apparently transmute matter and compares them to historical and current findings where transmutation has also been observed.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bNXZ-9PWsk
4700	Report	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	It's the only way to be sure: Set in Stone			Remote View		7th January 2021	(Bob Comments:) I cannot, in good conscience, continue to gift my labour to organisations where the product of that labour is profited off and is at the mercy of third party whims. I am exercising my free will, to choose the time when my presence on these platforms stops, and for the so-called ‘social media’ platforms of Facebook and Twitter, that time has come.		(Bob Begins:) Since 2012, I have been posting the fruits of my volunteer labour and insights on various platforms with the aim of reaching a wider audience. It became clear in 2017 that censorship was on the horizon and that several so-called ‘social media’ channels would no longer be places that could guarantee free and fair dissemination of ideas on an equal basis. Reading the writing on the wall, I started to post content on Steemit.com [HomoSymbian] & [MFMP] as its claimed principles implied that it could be a way to ensure an articles longevity. However, the platform was sold, which is a concerning development and it has started posting adverts.	https://remoteview.substack.com/p/its-the-only-way-to-be-sure
4699	Report	Bearden, T.E.	1984	Star Wars Now! The Bohm-Aharonov Effect, Scalar Interferometry, and Soviet Weaponization			CIA: Approved for Release 2003/09/09		Sep 9, 2003			The Bohm-Aharonov Effect shows that, even in the absence of electrical and magnetic fields, the potentials case real effects to occur in the field-free regions. Using this principle, beams of pure potential without vector force fields (without E and H fields) may be deliberately produced and intersected at a distance to cause effects in the interference zone, in contradiction to classical mechanics. Essentially, energy may be produced directly at the distant interference site or extracted from it, without energy transmission through space. Implications for weapons built on these concepts are given, and several types of such scalar electromagnetics weapons are discussed. The use of "cold explosion" is detailed and evidence of its extensive testing is given. The basic mechanism for Soviet weather control over North America is briefly presented and a more extensive reference given. Evidence of massive Soviet weaponization of these effects for nearly three decades and of Soviet scalar electromagnetics weapons testing on a global scale exists in the open literature, Selected examples and related information are given in the Appendix	https://drive.google.com/file/d/14RU7QSptJZfyZsu_q6_v0yW6n6AX3bz0/view
4698	Patent	Arman, M.J., Chase, C.	2016	Systems and Methods for Generating Coherent Matterwave Beams	US Patent Office Patent No.: US 9,502.202 B2		US Patent Office		Nov. 22, 2016	Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation		Systems and methods for generating a coherent matterwave beam are provided. In some aspects, a system includes a plurality of beam generating units. Each of the plurality of beam generating units is configured to generate a stream of charged particles. The system also includes a magnetic field generator configured to expose the plurality of streams to a magnetic field Such that (i) the charged particles of the plurality of streams undergo phase synchronization with one another in response to a vector potential associated with the magnetic field and (ii) the plurality of streams is directed along one or more channels to combine with one another and produce a coherent matterwave beam.	https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/03/ce/8b/79a466f75c7f39/US9502202.pdf
4697	Journal Article	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	"Making Coherent Matter Wave Beams and their Capabilities” (New Bob Greenyer Video)		Acland, F.	E-Cat Wrold					A technology made possible by science proposed and developed from the 1950s by both cold war sides now is codified in an awarded and valid US patent. When you have seen this presentation, you will have a new perspective on the E-CAT SKL, EVOs, Hutchison Effect and more.	https://e-catworld.com/2020/11/22/making-coherent-matter-wave-beams-and-their-capabilities-new-bob-greenyer-video/
4696	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	Making Coherent Matter Wave Beams and Their Capabilities			YouTube				Coherent Matter Wave Beam	A technology made possible by science proposed and developed from the 1950s by both cold war sides now is codified in an awarded and valid US patent. Bob Greenyer reviews and discusses it. Link to de-classified "The Bohm-Aharonov Effect" CIA document https://drive.google.com/file/d/14RU7QSptJZfyZsu_q6_v0yW6n6AX3bz0/view Main reference: SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING COHERENT MATTERWAVE BEAMS Patent No.: US9,502.202B2 Lockheed Martin Corporation Filed: Dec. 28, 2011 Link to Bob Greenyer's newsletter and podcast: RemoteView.icu	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nA5XFkF3U2A	https://e-catworld.com/2020/11/22/making-coherent-matter-wave-beams-and-their-capabilities-new-bob-greenyer-video/
4695	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Making Tungsten Disappear			YouTube				Tungsten, SAFIRE, Puthoff, Argon Arc, LION quartz, Hutchison steel, Hudson, Shoulders, EV, EVO	What would happen if you could remove ALL of the electrons from Tungsten atoms? The crumbly effect described here, happened in ECCO fuel exposed plastics, LION quartz, Hutchison steel and other samples, the fat, replacement SAFIRE Langmuir probe, David Hudson's experience and more. It is all caused by the same thing. This is a repeatable affect observed by multiple authors over at least 40 years and is therefore, de-facto actual science. Disappearing Tungsten Electrode - SAFIRE Project https://youtu.be/DeVdzSjPx0g?t=2073 Disappearing Tungsten Electrode - David Hudson, Pre 1995 Washington November 13, 1995 https://youtu.be/eSjGmrRBgt4?t=6211 Hal Puthoff is and advisor to SAFIRE… and worked with David Hudson, as you will see in the full video Tungsten in Argon arc furnaces Single https://youtu.be/bH8kkxZqzhE Triple https://youtu.be/mtxlIp52L9Y Ken Shoulders http://www.svn.net/krscfs/Permittivity Transitions.pdf “Dissolution of Matter: When an EV passes through material, particularly refractory dielectrics and semiconductors, nothing escapes major modification. Many of these affects are shown in (2). Once the EV has dishevelled the electronic structure of the material it traverses, there is no ability to return to the original molecular or structural state. It is most likely that the material undergoing modification has entered the region of low permittivity. When it does return, it emits light, has an electrified look and spreads on surfaces with a very low viscosity although it is so cold it will not melt wax or harm photographic emulsion.”	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwbCDSkRwvs
4694	Website of Interest	Hutchison, J.	2006	Hutchison Effect						Well worth a long visit	high voltage, Nikola Tesla, Philadelphia Experiment, Tesla Coils, levitation, anti-gravity, zero point energy, vanishing metal	John Hutchison is one of the foremost Nikola Tesla experts alive today. He has replicate many of Nikola Tesla's works over the years, including the Death Ray, and a smaller Philadelphia Experiment. When John's Tesla coils, electrostatic generator, and other equipment created a complex electromagnetic field, heavy pieces of metal levitated and shot toward the ceiling, and some pieces shredded. Upon analysis and thorough investigation, the Canadian government dubbed this phenomenon the Hutchison-Effect. What is the Hutchison Effect? As with much of the new-energy field, no one can say for sure. Some theorists think the effect is the result of opposing electromagnetic fields cancelling each other out, creating a powerful flow of space energy. The Canadian government also reported invisible samples phasing in and out of existence. A Vancouver businessman, George Hathaway, heard about the Hutchison Effect in 1980, contacted Hutchison, and brought in a consulting engineer from Boeing Aerospace, and the Canadian government to form a company that would promote technology developed from the effect. They called this company Pharos' Technology.	https://www.hutchisoneffect.com/
4692	Report	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Vega - Disappearing nickel	Remote View						Nickel Foil, spiral anode, Hydrogen, transmutation, Nanosoft, Hutchison, Bostick, LENR, reaction calculator, self organised plasma, spheroid, HENK	Live session on YouTube by Bob Greenyer - a review of Bob’s thinking about experiments done by Henk in which nickel foil was cut into a strip and formed into a spiral anode. A low pressure atmosphere hydrogen and residual air it seemed like the nickel 'disappeared' apparently via a plasmoid that formed on the foil.	https://remoteview.substack.com/p/vega-disappearing-nickel	https://e-catworld.com/2021/01/01/bob-greenyer-video-vega-tungsten-evos/
4691	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	MFMP Hutchison Effect Sample 'Fracture' - EVO Witness Marks			YouTube			Bostick - Plasmoids sci-hub.tw/10.1038/scientificamerican1057-87 Bostick/Nardi - Internal structure of electron-beam filaments sci-hub.tw/10.1103/PhysRevA.22.2211	EVO, Hutchison, Nardi, Bostick, Shoulders, Matsumoto, Fracture	A range of EVO strike marks in unprecedented detail were found on MFMP ‘Fracture’ Hutchison Sample 4 at the classic sizes observed by Nardi/Bostick, Shoulders, Matsumoto and other authors.Seek & Share \|	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pw-BlrsvN0%E2%80%8B&feature=youtu.be
4690	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Proposed, simplified 3 level EVO Building Block - using Hutchison sample measurements			YouTube		Feb 18, 2020		Nardi, Bostick, EVO, Exotic Vacuum Object	In this video, using the 1980 published work of Nardi and Bostick and measurements taken from witness marks on MFMP Hutchison sample 4 - 'Fracture' - Bob Greenyer models a proposed simplified basic Exotic Vacuum Object Building (EVO) block. Previous video in this series https://youtu.be/9pw-BlrsvN0 Bostick/Nardi - Internal structure of electron-beam filaments sci-hub.tw/10.1103/PhysRevA.22.2211	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw15QYXqva8
4689	Video	Gornoski, D., Greenyer, R.W.	2020	A Conversation with Bob Greenyer on Cold Fusion, LENR - David Gornoski			YouTube					David Gornoski, the host of A Neighbor's Choice, sits down with Bob Greenyer, engineer and researcher in the field of LENR (low-energy nuclear reactions). The two discuss the work of Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons, the start of the Martin Fleischmann memorial project, the various experiments in the field of cold fusion and their fascinating results, the theory of dipolar magnetic particles, and more. Listen to the full podcast to hear about the revolutionary breakthroughs in the world of fusion energy despite the artificial dark age imposed on us by regulatory powers.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYAKRlYv6nA	A Neighbor's Choice website is https://www.aneighborschoice.com
4688	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2019	Titanium Disintegrates When Heated with Ohmasa Gas - Bob Greenyer of MFMP (6-13-2019)			YouTube					Bob Greenyer attempts to burn a hole in teflon with Ohmasa gas, which proves very difficult. After not being satisfied that the hole produced was due to high heat, he attempts to heat a piece of titanium with Ohmasa gas until glowing to cut a slit in the teflon with the glowing titanium. He not only finds that he cannot make a significant cut into the teflon but the titanium actually develops a hole on the heated edge which touched it. Bob thinks that this reaction was due to the introduction of carbon from the teflon to the titanium after exposure to Ohmasa gas.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q0EwWYALD0
4687	Video	Mills, R.	2021	DC SunCell Demonstration			YouTube			Towards the end of the video, Mills turns the time over to Mark Nansteel who provides some information about the performance of the SunCell based on calorimetry tests he has carried out. He states he has carried out multiple tests with the SunCell, measuring electrical energy input into the system, and the thermal energy released into the water bath. From his concluding remarks: “In summary [for a five minute test], you put in 8000 kJ of electrical energy to run the process, and you get back 25,000 kJ of thermal energy. 25,000 minus 8,000 is 17,000 kJ difference so that’s the energy of the plasma reaction.”		Brilliant Light Power produces 100,000W of continuous steam power at the Homer building in Washington DC. This is the historical first of commercial scale Hydrino power contributing to heating of an office building in the Nation’s Capital.		https://e-catworld.com/2021/02/05/video-brilliant-light-power-washington-dc-presentation/
4686	Video	Greenyer, R.W., Higby, P.	2016	LENR: Fanning the New Fire by Bob Greenyer			YouTube					The Energy 2.0 Society presents a webinar with Bob Greenyer. Bob discusses developments in LENR (Low Energy Nuclear Reactions) and the use of nickel in E-Cat reactors.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ii4hIxqAO64
4685	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2020	Explaining Mizuno R20 and optimisations in relation to Parkhomov’s latest reactor designs			YouTube					Cold Fusion Experiments with Ordinary Water and Thin Nickel Foil Takaaki Matsumoto (1993) Cold Fusion Experiments with Ordinary Water and Thin Nickel Foil, Fusion Technology, 24:3, 296-306, DOI: 10.13182/FST93-A30205 NOTE: The only thing common with Matsumoto and Ohmasa experiments is light water. sci-hub.tw/10.13182/fst93-a30205	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKUEPI_lNTg
4684	Video	Greenyer, R.W., Coulthart, J.R.	2021	James Ross Coulthart interviews Bob Greenyer - First 30m			YouTube				UFO, plasmoids, Bostick, Hutchison	Multi-award winning Australian Journalist and author is researching for a new book he is writing about Unidentified Flying Objects and Anti-Gravity. https://www.rosscoulthart.com The full uncut and uncensored 2 hour 20m interview can be listened to here: https://remoteview.substack.com/p/dont-miss-this	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rsHAd9GzLU	https://e-catworld.com/2021/01/18/video-james-ross-coulthart-interviews-bob-greenyer-on-ufo-related-phenomena/
4683	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2021	ICCF22 poster session - Bob Greenyer			YouTube				Fermionic Nucleus Isotopes, 61Ni, 207Pb, Parkhomov Reaction Tables, ICCF22	MFMP volunteer Bob Greenyer runs through some aspects of his ICCF-22 Posters during the poster session. Errata: Bob initially refers to the huge increase in the fermionic nucleus isotopes of 61Ni and 207Pb as bosonic before correcting. Bob says integer charge when saying what constitutes a bosonic nucleus when he meant to say integer spin. Practical application of the Parkhomov reaction calculator system conceived by Bob Greenyer and developed by Philip Power using Parkhomov supplied and public data is used. A discussion of how Parkhomov theory may help explain the empirical observation is included.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kznnhIpyNb4
4682	Video	Greenyer, R.W.	2019	ICCF22 - Parkhomov 225 Day reactor - Bob Greenyer - Italy 2019			YouTube				Parkhomov, synthesised elements, Magic Sound Lab	Bob Greenyer goes over Parkhomov's published paper relating to his 225 day reactor as well as MFMP analysis of part of this reactor performed at Magic Sound Labs where interesting ash morphologies and apparently synthesised elements were found.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7p8Y26d5gk0
4681	Website of Interest	Greenyer, R.W.	2011	Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project		Greenyer, R.W.						The Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project is a group dedicated to researching Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (often referred to as LENR) while sharing all procedures, data, and results openly online. We rely on comments from online contributors to aid us in developing our experiments and contemplating the results. We invite everyone to participate in our discussions, which take place in the comments of our experiment posts.	http://www.quantumheat.org/index.php/en/
4680	Website of Interest	Childs, M.	2020	The SAFIRE Project			Aureon Energy Ltd			IMAGINE IF WE COULD TAP DIRECTLY INTO THE SUN FOR ENERGY SAFIRE can create, control, contain, sustain, and repeat-at-will any number of plasma regimes. No other technology in the world can do this. Seven years of empirical testing has resulted in a unique patented stable spherical "SAFIRE" plasma reactor. AUREON ENERGY LTD. will commercialize the SAFIRE technology into three key markets: > clean energy production > heating > remediation of nuclear waste Each market in itself represents a trillion dollar industry over the next ten years. AUREON ENERGY is currently engaging investors to commercialize the technology.	Electric Sun Model, transmutation, nuclear waste remediation	Funded by the International Science Foundation, The SAFIRE PROJECT was created to test the Electric Sun model, which proposes that electricity plays a major role in the creation and functioning of the atmospheres of stars and our sun. The model offers a key premise and makes a number of predictions. Using this premise the SAFIRE team designed and built a proof-of-concept bell-jar reactor and then a larger 44,000 part reactor. Both reactors were fired up and running as predicted within minutes of construction completion. Many experiments were run. The model was thoroughly tested and revealed itself to be both viable and powerful. Everything predicted proved accurate. Even the numerous unexpected discoveries fit the model.	https://aureon.ca/	https://www.safireproject.com/
4679	Journal Article	Director	2020	An Open Secret - The Scalable, Ubiquitous EVO at the Core of SAFIRE, the E-Cat SKL, the Suncell, Brown's Gas, and Virtually Every Exotic Energy Technology.			LENR Forum				EVO, SAFIRE, E-Cat SKL, The Suncell, Brown's Gas, Exotic Energy	God, the creator of the universe, established the laws of the universe that govern not only the interaction of planets and stars but the processes that occur within atoms and the structure of the vacuum itself. With these rules or the "code" of reality entered, nature commenced. Those who are careful observers will not that many of the most important breakthroughs in a broad array of fields come from mimicking natural processes - whether biological or physical. Many life saving drugs are chemically altered forms of molecules found in plants, for example. Yet in in mankind's attempt to harness the power of the atom via nuclear fusion, all sorts of artificially imposed schemes have been attempted to produce and maintain the conditions scientists believe are essential. But the simplest route to an energy panacea has been largely ignored except by a minority of exceptional open minded theoreticians and experimentalists - learning to create man made, artificial ball lighting. Yet true breakthroughs are taking place as we speak due to a number of different technologies being developed that utilize macro-scale variants of Kenneth R. Shoulders' EVOs (Exotic Vacuum Objects) as their driving mechanism. Although these self-organizing plasma structures which form during out of equilibrium conditions (such as the negative resistance regime of a plasma discharge) can induce a wide array of phenomena - altering hydrogen into different forms, inducing exothermic nuclear reactions, and extracting energy from the zero point energy field - they are all the same phenomena despite being utilized in different devices. Once this is recognized, progress towards a future with infinite possibilities can be accelerated.	https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/6220-an-open-secret-the-scalable-ubiquitous-evo-at-the-core-of-safire-the-e-cat-skl-t/
4678	Journal Article	Jaehnig, K.G., Roberts, J.	2016	The Frontiersman In Silicon Valley’s renegade days, a hardheaded Texan chased dreams of a flying car.						Interesting Background to Ken Shoulders	EVO,	Ken Shoulders' son Steve recalls his father's work	https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/the-frontiersman
4677	Report		2009	Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVOs) based on the original discoveries of Ken Shoulders						A collection of references about EVOs	EVO, EV, Charge Cluster, zero point energy	An EVO (exotic vacuum object) is just another name in a long line of names for a new electronic effect. In the past, it has been called an EV (Electromagnetic Vortex or Electrum Validum for strong electron), charge cluster (this could be just a piece of dirt with no net charge) and CCT for charge cluster technology. Whatever it is called, the effect can best be characterized by how it is measured using instruments capable of interpenetration in terms of somewhat similar phenomenon. The nearest class of instruments with useful capabilities is those used for measuring the properties of electrons and ions. Using these, we will assemble a series of observations characterizing the observable entity properties that are most pertinent to new energy and propulsion uses. Use of contemporary buzzwords like zero point energy, space energy or ether and other areas of mystery will be avoided here as they might falsely bias judgment of the true events being measured. It will not even be assumed that the entity being interrogated is an assembly of electrons, even though electrons were put in during formation and an equivalent number of electrons were output at the time of dishevelment. This writing is thus an attempt to analyze the actions and basic characteristics of the entity while being as free as possible of preconceived notions about its structure. This aim is heavily biased toward the entities use instead of its name or theory of operation...	http://oriharu.net/evo/
4676	Website of Interest	Mills, R.	2016	Brilliant Light Power		Randall Mills					Plasma, Hydrogen, Hydrino, SunCell, Concentrator Photovoltaic Cells, Grand Unified Theory-Classical Physics	Brilliant Light Power has developed a new commercially competitive, non-polluting, plasma-based primary source of massive power from the conversion of hydrogen atoms of water molecules to dark matter, the previously unidentified matter that makes up most of the mass of the universe. The SunCell® that was invented to harness the new power source catalytically converts hydrogen directly into dark matter form called Hydrino® releasing brilliant high-energy light which is down-converted in energy to facilitate the production of electricity using commercially-available concentrator photovoltaic cells.	https://brilliantlightpower.com/
4675	Website of Interest	Krivit, S.	2002	New Energy Times	New Energy Times LENR News Site	Steven Krivit				Steven Krivit takes aim at many pet theories and ideas both about LENR but also Hot Fusion, notably including the ITER project.	LENR, Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions, Widom-Larsen	The New Energy Times LENR Reference Site comprises the most comprehensive collection of LENR resources, including basic information, scientific references, investigation reports, historical references, and archives. New Energy Times also maintains a separate LENR News Site. Founded in 2000, the New Energy Times LENR News Site is the leading source of original, independent news and investigations about low-energy nuclear reactions.	http://newenergytimes.com/
4674	Website of Interest	Mallove, E.	2002	Infinite Energy	Infinite Energy	Founding Editor: Eugene Mallove (1947-2004)	The New Energy Foundation			The on-line version of the magazine of the New Energy Foundation. Contains many articles and resources.	new energy, new science, new physics, research, theory, experimentation, LENR	The New Energy Foundation was formed to: act as a catalyst for advancing and disseminating knowledge and understanding of all facets of new energy, new science and new physics; promote a proactive exchange of ideas and promulgate advances in research; support research, theory and experimentation in the new energy field via assessments, guidance, publicity and grants. INFINITE ENERGY is the bi-monthly magazine of the New Energy Foundation. It is a technical magazine with outreach to the general public, providing material of interest to all people. It includes highly technical papers, patents, and non-technical articles on new energy and new science, as well as news on developments in the field, and the social, political, and economic implications of these changes. To maintain the highest editorial standards, Infinite Energy is written and edited by scientists, engineers, and expert journalists.	http://www.infinite-energy.com/
4673	Website of Interest	Alan Smith	2011	LENR Forum		Alan Smith				As the name implies, an on-line forum for views on LENR and all related topics.	LENR, Forum	As the name implies, an on-line forum for views on LENR and all related topics. At any one time, there are many active threads being used	https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/
4672	Website of Interest	Acland F.	2011	E-Cat World		Acland F.	Acland F.			A very popular and frequented site, not just by E-Cat followers but by LENR followers in the wider context	E-Cat, Rossi, LENR	This site is for news, information and discussion about advanced energy technology, currently focusing on the Energy Catalyzer (E-Cat) invention of Andrea Rossi, and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) in general — but also looking at other technologies and related topics.	https://e-catworld.com/
4671	Online Database	Britz, D.	2003	The LENR-CANR Database		Librarian: Jed Rothwell • 3625 Woodstream Circle, Brookhaven, GA 30319 • Skype: 678-436-3035 JedRothwell at-sign gmail.com			2003-2021		LENR, CANR, database, library, papers, experiments, conferences, special collections	This site features a library of papers on LENR, Low Energy Nuclear Reactions, also known as Cold Fusion. (CANR, Chemically Assisted Nuclear Reactions is another term for this phenomenon.) The library includes more than 1,900 original scientific papers reprinted with permission from the authors and publishers. The papers are linked to a bibliography of over 4,500 journal papers, news articles and books about LENR. Here is a shortcut to this website: LENR.org	https://lenr-canr.org/
4670	Journal Article	Galushkin, N.E., Yazvinskaya, N.N., Galushkin, D.N.	2020	Mechanism of thermal runaway as a cause of Fleischmann-Pons effect	Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry Volume 882, 1 August 2020, 114237		Elsevier		1 August 2020		Thermal runaway, Fleischmann-Pons, Deuterium accumulation, Deuteride, Hydride, Battery	Starting from papers by Fleischmann and Pons, many investigators have found the excess power effect during a heavy water electrolysis. They connected this effect with the deuterons “cold fusion”. A significantly larger number of investigators did not have found this effect, so they do not agree with the proposed explanation and consider the results of Fleischmann and Pons being a mistake or an instrumental artifact. In this paper experimentally proved that the Fleischmann-Pons effect (of burst type) is caused by an exothermic reaction of a recombination of the atomic deuterium accumulated in electrodes during electrolysis of the electrolyte. This reaction is similar to the reaction of thermal runaway in electrochemical batteries with aqueous electrolyte. Thus experimentally proved that the Fleischmann-Pons effect is not associated with cold fusion of deuterium nuclei. While the Fleischmann-Pons effect (of the weak type) is due to a partial recombination of the deuterium and the oxygen, i.e. in this case the excess power is apparent or imaginary. It is shown that the established mechanism of Fleischmann-Pons effect explains all the currently known experimental facts. The recommendations are given allowing a reproduction of this effect without a failure.	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114237
4669	Book	Srinivasan, M., Rajeev, K.P.	2020	Transmutations and isotopic shifts in LENR experiments	Advances in Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 2020, Pages 233-262		Elsevier				Transmutation reactions Isotopic anomalies Multideuteron capture reactions	This chapter presents a brief summary of experimental observations of products of transmutation reactions which occur in a variety of low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) configurations resulting in the formation of new elements or isotopes not present prior to the experimental run.	https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815944-6.00013-0
4668	Conference Proceedings	Hussein, A.A., Al-agealy, H.J.M. Majeed, R.H.	2020	Theoretical Study and calculation The cold Reaction Rate of Deuteron Fusion In Nickel Metal Using Bose–Einstein Condensate Theory	IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 871		IOP Science				Deuteron, Fusion, Nickel, Bose-Einstein Condensate, Theory	In this paper, we focused on the investigated and studied the cold fusion reaction rate for D-D using the theory of Bose-Einstein condensation and depending on the quantum mechanics consideration. The quantum theory was based on the concept of single conventional of deuterons in Nickel-metal due to Bose-Einstein condensation, it has supplied a consistent description and explained of the experimental data. The analysis theory model has capable of explaining the physical behaviour of deuteron induced nuclear reactions in Nickel metals upon the five-star matter, it's the most expected for a quantitative predicted of the physical theory. Based on the Bose-Einstein condensation theorem formulation, we calculation the cold fusion reaction rate for D-D transfer to Nickel-metal using the astrophysical S factors (S = 110KeV — barn) for d(d,p)T, d(d, n)3He reactions and (S = 110 × 10^6 and S = 110 × 10^13KeV — barn) for D + D × 4He + 23.8MeV reaction. The results of the calculation for three reactions give rise a wide compatible with the other experimental works.	https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/871/1/012085/pdf
4667	Journal Article	Mung, B.,Q., He, M., Wu, S.Y. Zhao, Q.Z., Wang, X.M., Pang, Y.J., Yang, X.L., Jiang, S.S.	2021	Anomalous heat production in hydrogen-loaded metals: Possible nuclear reactions occurring at normal temperature			China Institute of Atomic Energy			Translated to English by Bob Higgins of Accuiti Science & Engineering	Excess heat, Ni-H heat generation,Low energy nuclear reaction	This paper reports results of anomalous heat generation in hydrogen-loaded metals at a temperature below 1300°C. The heat was produced in the fuel sample (mixture of nickel powder and LiAlH4), which was added to a nickel cell, and then the cell was placed in a sealed stainless-steel chamber. Results of two runs are demonstrated. Excess heat lasted for seven days in the first run. The first run maximum excess heat power was greater than 450W and the excess heat energy was evaluated to be 78 MJ for the first 72 hours.In the second run, excess heat lasted for 120 minutes after external heating was turned off, andthe maximum excess heat power was 450W. The self-sustaining effect can be observed clearly when power was off in the second run. The maximum heat energy from possible chemical reaction was estimated to be 26 kJ, a value much smaller than the excess heat energy. Therefore, excess heat could not originate from any chemical reactions and it might originate from a nuclear reactions.	https://brillouinenergy.com/newwebsite/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AnomalousHeat_Jiang_2015_English.pdf
4666	Journal Article	Parkhomov, A.G., Zhigalov, V.A., Zabavin, S.N., Sobolev, A.G., Timerbulatov, T.R.	2019	Nickel-Hydrogen heat generator, continuously working for 7 months	Journal of Unconventional Science		Association of Unconventional Science, 18-Feb-2019	Moscow		Rough translation by Bob Greenyer. Bob presented this paper on Dr Parkhomov's Behalf at ICCF22 at Assisi on 9-Sep-2019 see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlRvDT94XTw	Nickel-Hydrogen, heat generation	A nickel-hydrogen heat generator was created that continuously worked for 225 days with a heat dissipation power exceeding the consumed electricity from 200 to 1000 W (thermal coefficient 1.6 - 3.6). Completion of the work is connected with the exhaustion of fuel energy resource. Total excess energy generation of about 4100 MJ. The fuel used in the heat generator is hydrogen-saturated nickel powder weighing 1.2 g. Energy release per 1 nickel atom 2.1 MeV. Changes in the elemental and isotopic composition of fuel and structural materials are analyzed.	https://nlslash.nl/parkhomov2e2s.pdf
4665	Journal Article	Graham, T.	1868	On the Occlusion of Hydrogen Gas by Metals	Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , 1867 - 1868, Vol. 16 (1867 - 1868), pp. 422-427		The Royal Society	London		An absolute classic by Thomas Graham, F.R.S., Master of the Mint, which shows just how far back some of the clues to LENR were already appearing	occlusion, absorption, Hydrogen, Palladium	In my experiments, already published, on the occlusion of hydrogen by the metals palladium, platinum, and iron, the absorption of the gas was observed to be of uncertain occurrence at low temperatures, but was ensured by heating the metal, whether in the form of sponge or aggregated by hammering, and allowing it to cool slowly and completely in a hydrogen atmosphere. This fact was referred to the condition of absolute purity of the metallic surface being essential to the first absorbing action, as it is to the action of platinum-foil or wire in determining the combustion of the gaseous mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, as observed by Faraday. A new method of charging the metals with hydrogen at low temperatures has lately presented itself, which is not without interest. When a plate of zinc is placed in dilute sulphuric acid, hydrogen is freely evolved from the surface of the metal, but no hydrogen is occluded and retained at the same time. A negative result was indeed to be expected from the crystalline structure of zinc. But a thin plate of palladium immersed in the same acid, and brought into metallic contact with the zinc, soon becomes largely charged with the hydrogen, which is then transferred to its surface. The charge taken up in an hour by a palladium plate, rather thick, at 12 degrees amounted to 173 times its volume	https://www.jstor.org/stable/112545
4664	Conference Proceedings	Sarg, S.S.	2018	Analysis of LENR and recommendations for Cold Fusion Energy Using the BSM-SG Atomic Models	MATERIAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, AMSTERDAM, 23-25 AUG 2018	Sarggoychev, S.S.		Amserdam	23-25 AUG 2018	www.helical-structures.org		Revealing the underlined structure of elementary particles and the building trend of atomic nuclei, relying on experimental data from different fields	https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stoyan_Sargoytchev/publication/330736123_Analysis_of_LENR_and_recommendations_for_cold_fusion_energy_using_the_BSM-SG_atomic_models/links/5eb84bb8a6fdcc1f1dcb5487/Analysis-of-LENR-and-recommendations-for-cold-fusion-energy-using-the-BSM-SG-atomic-models.pdf
4663	Journal Article	Parkhomov, A.G.	2019	LENR as a manifestation of weak nuclear interactions						Rough translation by Bob Greenyer		The small neutrino (antineutrino) mass makes it possible to generate them intensively as a result of collisions of particles of matter during thermal motion. The resulting neutrinos (antineutrinos) have an energy of about 0.1 eV. With such an energy, the De Broglie wavelength is about 5 microns. This means that a huge number of atoms are involved in nuclear weak interactions, which makes the effects of nuclear transformations involving neutrinos (anti-neutrinos) really observable. Considering the thermal generation of neutrinos as the basis for nuclear transformations in the LENR process allows us to explain a number of features of this phenomenon.	http://www.teslasociety.ch/info/ne/4.pdf
4662	Journal Article	Parkhomov, A.G.	2019	Weak Interactions as Essence of LENR	International Journal of Unconventional Science Issue E4, pp. 3-5, 2019		Association of Unconventional Science				neutrinos, antineutrinos, de Broglie, weak interactions, nuclear transformations, LENR	Low mass of neutrinos (antineutrinos) makes possible their intensive generation as a result of matter particles collisions during thermal motion. Arising neutrinos (antineutrinos) have energy of about 0.1 eV. With such energy, de Broglie length is about 5 microns. It means that a huge number of atoms are involved in weak nuclear interactions, which makes the effects of nuclear transformations with the participation of neutrinos (antineutrinos) really observable. Consideration of thermal generation of neutrinos as the basis of nuclear transformations in the LENR process allows us to explain a number of features of this phenomenon.	http://www.unconv-science.org/pdf/e4/parkhomov1-en.pdf
4661	All	Frazier, C.L.	2019	Celebrating 30 Years of Cold Fusion Science: The 2019 CF/LANR Colloquium at MIT	Infinite Energy, Issue 145, May/June 2019	Steven Krivit		Massachusetts			overview, CF/LANR, MIT	Dr. Mitchell Swartz, Gayle Verner and their team at JET Energy, in collaboration with Dr. Peter Hagelstein of the Research Laboratory for Electronics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), organized yet another successful Cold Fusion/Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reactions Colloquium at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The meeting was co-sponsored by JET Energy and the Anthropocene Institute.	https://www.infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue145/MITColloq2019.pdf
4660	Conference Proceedings	Celani, F., Vassallo, G. Purchi, E.	2020	Stimulation of LENR-AHE by high power electric pulses on coiled coaxial Constantan wires at high voltage and temperature	Conference: Assisi Nel Vento 5		ResearchGate researchgate.net					This short presentation introduces an experimental design for the enhancement of the anomalous thermal phenomena (AHE) observed since 2011 in Constantan3 wires exposed to a deuterium or hydrogen atmosphere, and heated by direct current. In fact, the occurrence of AHE requires specific conditions such as deuterium/protium absorption in the wire, sufficiently high temperature, as well as presence of strong non-equilibrium conditions such as those induced by thermal gradients, variations of pressure, and electric/magnetic fields. Previous experiments provided a strong evidence for the role of a flux of active species through the wire or at the wire surface. Though various techniques to induce a flux were tested before, and have been instrumental for a phenomenological understanding of AHE occurrence, they could not provide a solution for a sustained and exploitable energy production.	https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347706575_Stimulation_of_LENR-AHE_by_high_power_electric_pulses_on_coiled_coaxial_Constantan_wires_at_high_voltage_and_temperature
4659	Conference Proceedings	Miley, G.H.	2017	Study of LENR for Space Power	15th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference		American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.	Atlanta	10-12 July 2017		LENR, Space Power, metal alloy nanoparticles, hydrogen, deuterium, ultra-high density, propulsion		https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2017-5035 https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-5035
4658	Journal Article	Nagel, D., Katinsky, S.B.	2018	Overview of the 21st International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science	Infinite Energy, Issue 141, September/October 2018						overview, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science	The subject of this review was initially called “cold fusion” when it was announced in 1989. It now goes by the name of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), although there are about 20 other names for the topic.1 Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS) is the more comprehensive name given to the field. The central empirical feature of LENR is the ability to release nuclear energies (MeV) with chemical energies (eV). That enables the achievement of high energy gains, defined as the ratio of thermal energy from an LENR system divided by the electrical or other energy needed for stimulation of LENR. Gains of over 25 have been measured in strong experiments. A gain of 800 was reported in one paper by a good scientist in Japan, but it has not been verified or repeated.	http://173.254.3.220/iemagazine/issue141/ICCF21.pdf
4657	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A.	2020	Effective LENR and transmutation of stable and radioactive isotopes in growing biological systems	Advances in Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 2020, Pages 205-231		Elsevier				Low energy nuclear reactions in biological systems, Biotransmutation of isotopes, Deactivation of reactor waste, Microbial syntrophic associations, Coherent correlated states	The prehistory, present state, and prospects of LENR and transmutation of stable and radioactive isotopes in growing biological objects are considered in detail. The prerequisites, biological, and physical causes and methods for optimizing the process of isotope transmutation are discussed. Experiments on transmutation of various isotopes (including the production of rare stable isotopes and the deactivation of reactor radioactive waste) are also considered. It is shown that the most likely physical mechanism of LENR in biological systems is connected with the formation of coherent correlated states of interacting particles. This process is accompanied by giant energy fluctuations, which can exist for a long time, sufficient to produce nuclear reactions. This process happens automatically in nonstationary potential nano-wells, which are formed in various biophysical and biochemical processes in growing biological objects—for example, during cell division, at DNA replication, at the entrance to ion channels in plasma membranes, and in other places of growing objects.	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128159446000129 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815944-6.00012-9
4656	Patent	Irwin, K.M.	2019	Nano-Engineered Materials for LENR			US Patent Office				nano-engineered, quasicrystals, tunneling, active sites, double wells, fusion	Nanoengineered materials are disclosed for Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs). The nanoengineered materials include quasicrystals and quasicrystal approximants. The energy landscape of these materials is designed to increase a tunneling probability of atoms that participate in a fusion reaction. The nanoengineered materials are designed to have arrangements of atoms in which there are active sites in the material for LENR. The active sites may include networks of double wells designed into the material. In some examples, the design also limits the degrees of freedom for atoms in ways that increase a tunneling probability for tunneling of atoms into sites where fusion occurs.	https://patents.google.com/patent/US20190066852A1/en
4655	Conference Proceedings	Nagel, D.	2012	Overview of Theoretical and Experimental Progress in Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR)	CERN Colloquium Geneva, March 22nd, 2012	Celani, F.	CERN	Geneva	March 22nd, 2012		Overview, Theoretical, Experimental		https://forums.parallax.com/discussion/download/92446/CERN220212_2203.pdf
4654	Journal Article	Bjorkbom, P.	2019	EDS Analysis of unprepared Nickel mesh used for Mizuno type excess heat energy production LENR experiments	NEOFIRE Research Laboratory http://www.neofire.com 21 September 2019						EDS, Nickel mesh, Mizuno	This is an Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of a type of Nickel mesh material used in the area of excess heat energy production experiments (LENR, Low Energy Nuclear Reactions). Work is a continuation of investigation of a sample that has been described by this investigator in a previous paper [3]. The sample being analysed is of a type used in excess heat reactor experiment described by T.Mizuno and J.Rothwell and the sample originates from the same batch (mesh roll) as used in Mizunos experiments that has been reported to yield excess heat. Sample material is unprepared meaning it is as received from the manufacturer of the mesh.	https://www.neofire.com/neofire-papers/EDS_Analysis_Mizuno_Mesh_Unprepared_Bjorkbom_Neofire_2019.pdf
4653	Magazine Article	Katinsky, S.B., Nagel, D.J.	2015	LENRIA, the New Industrial Association for Commercialization of LENR	Infinite Energy, Issue 123, September/October 2015						LENR, Industrial Association, Commercialization	There are multiple signs that both the science and business of LENR are coming of age. On the scientific side, there are now three formal university programs for research on LENR, whose purpose is to seek to understand the origins of excess heat observed in thousands of LENR experiments. On the business side, some relatively new companies, funded by smart institutional investors or experienced angel investors, or both, and programs within larger well-established companies, are seeking to develop LENR systems to produce heat and electricity. These and other examples of the combined advancement of the scientific and business activities within the field represent a growing interest in the practical possibilities of LENR, and have moved us to found an international Industrial Association to serve the field. It is named LENRIA.	https://infinite-energy.com/images/pdfs/LENRIAInfiniteEnergy123.pdf
4652	Journal Article	Frazier, C.L.	2020	The Passing of Indian Cold Fusion Researcher Mahadeva Srinivasan	Infinite Energy, Issue 153, September/October 2020							Our friend and colleague Dr. Mahadeva Srinivasan passed away on August 31 at the age of 83. He was a consummate professional, a true gentleman and served as a real flag-bearer for the cold fusion field. He worked diligently over the years to get people to work together—researchers, countries, publishers with authors. Srinivasan was well-known as a proponent of cold fusion research in India, encompassing his own work as an experimental physicist.	http://infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue153/SrinivasanObitIE153.pdf
4651	Journal Article	Grimshaw, T.W.	2020	Documenting Cold Fusion Research: Preserving a Vital Asset for Humankind	Infinite Energy Magazine issue 150 - March/April 2020							Cold fusion (low energy nuclear reaction, LENR) was rejected by mainstream science within a year or so of its announcement in 1989. Despite the rejection, LENR continued to be investigated by many researchers worldwide. The LENR Research Documentation Initiative (LRDI) is underway to mitigate the loss of records of investigators who began their work shortly after the announcement and are now leaving the field. The LRDI began with a pilot project with Edmund Storms and now includes 15 participants. Projects typically include publications, unpublished reports, electronic and hardcopy files, lab descriptions and notebooks, publications by others (LENR library), and photos, recordings and other media. The records found in an LRDI project are supplemented with one or more rounds of recorded and transcribed interviews. Where possible, timelines of LENR research are prepared. Each project is documented with memos for each component followed by a report of the investigator’s research contributions. Preservation of these records for additional review and analysis as progress is made in the field may contribute to the realization of LENR and its energy benefits. The long-term prospects of humankind will be improved greatly with new sources of abundant, inexpensive and clean energy like LENR.	http://www.infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue150/GrimshawIE150.pdf
4650	Journal Article	Gong-xuan, L., Zhang, W.	2017	Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Induced Transmutation of Potassium to Calcium via Low-energy Nuclear Reaction (LENR) Driven by Visible Light	Journal of Molecular Catalysis (China) 2017, Vol. 31 Issue (5): 401-410							This work reported experimental evidences of stable potassium isotopes transmutation to calcium during photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in water mixture dispersion of dye (Eosin Y), potassium chloroplatinate (K2PtCl6), graphene oxide and triethanolamine (TEOA) driven by visible light. This reaction mixture can produce significant amount of hydrogen under irradiation of light with wavelength longer than 440 nm, meanwhile, partial potassium nuclei are continuously converted into calcium nuclei. The concentration increase of calcium element in the mixture dispersion is accompanied with the process of proton reduction (H2 evolution) and proton nuclear reaction which yields 3He and 4He. Those results indicate that some of calcium elements in nature might originate from potassium-calcium transmutation through low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) under very mild conditions, which might be related to the yield of negative hydrogen (H-) during photocatalytic hydrogen generation.	http://www.jmcchina.org/html/2017/5/20170501.htm
4649	All	Bradley, M.K., Droney, C.K.	2021	Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research Phase II: N+4 Advanced Concept Development	Boeing Research and Technology, Huntington Beach, California							This final report documents the work of the Boeing Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) team on Task 1 of the Phase II effort. The team consisted of Boeing Research and Technology, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, General Electric, and Georgia Tech. Using a quantitative workshop process, the following technologies, appropriate to aircraft operational in the N+4 2040 timeframe, were identified: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Hydrogen, fuel cell hybrids, battery electric hybrids, Low Energy Nuclear (LENR), boundary layer ingestion propulsion (BLI), unducted fans and advanced propellers, and combinations. Technology development plans were developed.The team generated a series of configurations with different combinations of some of thesetechnologies. The higher heating value of LNG reduces the weight of fuel burned, but because of heavier aircraft systems, more energy is used for a given flight. LNG fueled aircraft have the potential for significant emissions advantages and LNG enhances the integration of fuel cells into the aircraft propulsion and power system.An unducted fan increases propulsive efficiency and reduces fuel burn. Adding a fuel cell and electric motor into the propulsion system also leads to improvements in emissions and fuel burn. A n aft fuselage boundary layer propulsor also resulted in a fuel burn benefit.	https://core.ac.uk/reader/10568000
4648	Journal Article	Mosier-Boss, P.A., Dea, J.A., Gordon, F.E., Forsley, L.G., Miles, M.H.	2011	Review of Twenty Years of LENR Research Using Pd/D Co-deposition	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 4 (2011) 173–187						Nuclear products, Pd/D co-deposition	In the Pd/D co-deposition process, working and counter electrodes are immersed in a solution of palladium chloride and lithium chloride in deuterated water. Palladium is then electrochemically reduced onto the surface of the working electrode in the presence of evolving deuterium gas. Electrodes prepared by Pd/D co-deposition exhibit highly expanded surfaces consisting of small spherical nodules. Because of this high surface area and electroplating in the presence of deuterium gas, the incubation time to achieve high D/Pd loadings necessary to initiate LENR is orders of magnitude less than required for bulk electrodes. Besides heat, the following nuclear emanations have been detected using Pd/D co-deposition: X-ray emission, tritium production, transmutation, and particle emission. Experimental details and results obtained over a twenty year period of research are discussed.	http://coldfusioncommunity.net/pdf/jcmns/v4/173_JCMNS-Vol4.pdf
4647	Journal Article	Parkhomov, A.G.	2018	Multeity of Nuclides Arising in the Process of Cold Nuclear Transmutations Involving Electrons	International Journal of Unconventional Science Issue E3, pp. 32-33, 2018		Association of Unconventional Science, 2017			Cold Neutrinos can play a significant role here. Implemented in nanosoft.co.nz	nucleons, electrons, neutrinos, transmutations	The calculation of possible changes in the elemental and isotopic composition of matter as a result of energetically favorable rearrangements of nucleons involving electrons and neutrinos has been made. 697082 of possible transformations were detected.	http://www.unconv-science.org/pdf/e3/parkhomov-en.pdf
4645	Journal Article	Bostick, W.H.	1958	Observations of Explosions of High-Speed Plasma in a Magnetic Field.	Astrophysical Journal, vol. 127, p.237-237					More data when we can access it.
4644	Conference Proceedings	Bostick, W. H.	1958	Experimental Study of Plasmoids	Electromagnetic Phenomena in Cosmical Physics, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 6.	Bo Lehnert. International Astronomical Union. Symposium no. 6, Cambridge University Press, p.87	Cambridge University Press			See: https://www.plasma-universe.com/winston-h-bostick/, 'Plasmoids', Scientific American, Oct 1954	plasmoids		https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958IAUS....6...87B/abstract		https://www.plasma-universe.com/winston-h-bostick-newspaper-clippings/
4643	Journal Article	Zywocinski, A., Li, H. L., Campbell, P., Chambers, J. Q., Van Hook, W. A.	1992	Calorimetric measurements during long-term electrolysis of some LiOD solutions	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 197					Calorimetric measurements during long-term electrolysis of some LiOD solutions	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, He, tritium, heat-
4642	Journal Article	Zywocinski, A., Li, H. L., Tuinman, A. A., Campbell, P., Chambers, J. Q., Van Hook, W. A.	1991	Analysis for light atoms produced in the bulk phase of a tubular palladium/ silver alloy cathode working electrode	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 319					Analysis for light atoms produced in the bulk phase of a tubular palladium/ silver alloy cathode working electrode	electrolysis, Pd-Ag helium tritium
4641	Journal Article	Zuqia, H.	1989	A possible explanation of the room temperature nuclear fusion	Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao. Ziran Kexueban, Vol = 2					A possible explanation of the room temperature nuclear fusion	theory
4640	Journal Article	Zuppero, A., Dolan, T. J.	2020	Heavy Electron Catalysis of Nuclear Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 31					Heavy Electron Catalysis of Nuclear Reactions	Band structure, Catalysis, Heavy electron, Muon, Transmutation, Tunneling	Our proposed three-body model attempts to understand the transmutations that have been observed in many experiments. The model combines several phenomena to derive the conditions where a binding potential energy and an electron?? Coulomb bond can combine to attract the ions together to form a new nucleus. We hypothesize that heavy electron quasiparticles are created by placing electrons near inflection points of a lattice band diagram and last about one collision time (~10 fs). They are placed near the inflection point by injection of phonons carrying crystal momentum, which last picoseconds, long enough to create many generations of transient heavy electron quasiparticles. We consider the interaction of two ions, such as a nickel nucleus and a proton, separated by a distance x with an electron of mass m trapped between them. The increase in energy needed to confine the electron (Kinetic Energy of Confinement, KEC) ? 1/(mx2) from the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle acts like a repulsive potential.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzd.pdf#page=67
4639	Journal Article	Zuppero, A., Dolan, T. J.	2019	Electron Quasi-particle Catalysis of Nuclear Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Electron Quasi-particle Catalysis of Nuclear Reactions	Electron catalysis, Electron scattering, Kinetic energy of confinement, Transmutation, Vibrationally promoted electron emission	Our model applies solid state, nuclear, and quantum mechanics principles to the molecular chemistry process. We show how most of our predicted transmutation products are consistent with experimental data from a wide variety of LENR experiments, and how they can be triggered. Chemical physics recently discovered a new type of chemical reaction that concentrated most of the energy of reactants into electrons that were originally trapped between reactants. The reaction leaves the reaction product molecule relatively cool. Considering the rules of solid state physics, we apply the pattern of these chemical reactions to nuclear reactions, referred to as ?attice Enabled Nuclear Reactions? (LENR, also called ?ow Energy Nuclear Reactions?). The predicted nuclear energy release also concentrates the energy in electrons, energized inside the nuclear product. The nuclear products are predicted to be 'cold', implying non-radioactive, ground state. In some cases the excitation energy of the compound nucleus is sufficient to fracture it into more isotopes that were not originally present. The total attraction energy (coulomb plus nuclear) can overcome the quantum kinetic energy repulsion of the squeezed electron quasi-particles (Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle) when the effective electron mass exceeds a threshold value.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=385
4638	Journal Article	Zimmermann, G. J.	1976	Internal Friction and Modulus Behaviour of Pd-H with H-Contents Up to n=0.9	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 49					Internal Friction and Modulus Behaviour of Pd-H with H-Contents Up to n=0.9	Pd, H, Internal Friction, loading, PdH
4637	Journal Article	Ziegler, J. F., Zabel, T. H., Cuomo, J. J., Brusic, V. A., Cargill, III, G. S., O'Sullivan, E. J., Marwick, A. D.	1989	Electrochemical Experiments in Cold Nuclear Fusion	Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol = 62, Num = 25, Page = 2929					Electrochemical Experiments in Cold Nuclear Fusion	Pd, D2O, particle emission, layer, electrolysis, x-ray diffraction
4636	Journal Article	Zhu, S., Xiao, X., Lu, T., Chen, Q., Que, Z., Liu, J., Xie, H., Sha, R., Liu, F., Sun, H.	1993	An investigation of cold fusion	Nucl. Techniques (China), Vol = 16, Num = 8, Page = 475 (in Chinese)					An investigation of cold fusion	electrolysis, D2, neutron
4635	Journal Article	Zhu, R., Wang, X., Lu, F., Luo, L., He, J., Ding, D., Menlove, H. O.	1991	Measurement of anomalous neutron from deuterium/solid system	Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu (Atomic Energy Science and Technology), Vol = 25					Measurement of anomalous neutron from deuterium/solid system	titanium, D2, electrolysis, D2O, neutron
4634	Journal Article	Zhu, R., Wang, X., Lu, F., Ding, D., He, J., Liu, H., Jiang, J., Chen, G., Yuan, Y., Yang, L., Chen, Z., Menlove, H. O.	1991	Measurement of neutron burst production in thermal cycle of D2 absorbed titanium chips	Fusion Technol., Vol = 20					Measurement of neutron burst production in thermal cycle of D2 absorbed titanium chips	titanium, D2, neutron
4633	Journal Article	Zhu, S. B., Lee, J., Robinson, G. W.	1990	Nonlinear effects on thermonuclear reaction rates	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 144					Nonlinear effects on thermonuclear reaction rates	theory
4632	Journal Article	Zhu, S. B., Lee, J., Robinson, G. W.	1990	Non-Maxwell velocity distributions in inhomogeneous materials	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 4, Page = 465					Non-Maxwell velocity distributions in inhomogeneous materials	theory
4631	Journal Article	Zhu, S. B., Lee, J., Robinson, G. W.	1989	Kinetic energy imbalance in inhomogeneous materials	Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol = 161					Kinetic energy imbalance in inhomogeneous materials	theory
4630	Journal Article	Zhou, D., Wang, C., Sun, Y., Liang, J. B., Zhu, G., Forsley, L., Li, X. Z., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Gordon, F.	2015	Energetic Particles Generated in Earlier Pd + D Nuclear Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					33 Energetic Particles Generated in Earlier Pd + D Nuclear Reactions	CR-39 detectors, Energy distributions, LENR particles, LET method, LET spectra	Energy of low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs) is clean, cheap, sustainable and can solve all environmental problems. Linear Energy Transfer (LET) spectrum method using CR-39 detectors is the best method to investigate particles generated in LENRs. This paper introduces LET method and presents LET spectra and energy distributions for particles produced in Pd + D reactions obtained by re-analyzing the original data measured with CR-39 detectors by SPAWAR group using LET spectrum method.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=40
4629	Conference Proceedings	Zhou, X., Li, X. Z., Liu, B.	2003	Bethe's Calculation For Solar Energy And Selective Resonant Tunneling	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Bethe's Calculation For Solar Energy And Selective Resonant Tunneling	theory	The Selective Resonant tunneling model is compared with Bethe's early model for the solar energy calculation. They are similar in considering the resonance effect, the weak interaction, and the assumption for nuclear potential and the Coulomb barrier in order to obtain the correct result for the energy density in the sun. However, the selectivity of resonant tunneling is new in the present selective resonant model.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhouXbethescalc.pdf
4628	Conference Proceedings	Zhong, L. X.	1993	Searching for Truth With High Expectations- 5 Year Studies on Cold Fusion in China	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 4, Num = 4, Page = 32		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Searching for Truth With High Expectations- 5 Year Studies on Cold Fusion in China	review, ICCF-4
4627	Personal Communication	Zhang, H.	2020	Summary of abnormal heat release experiment of hydrogen flux vessel	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17		LENR-CANR.org			Personal Communication Summary of abnormal heat release experiment of hydrogen flux vessel	hydrogen (deuterium) flux, inner container, abnormal thermal power	A container was designed based on the assumption that the abnormal exothermic phenomenon of hydrogen (deuterium) metal is related to the hydrogen flux inside the metal. The container consists of an inner container and an outer container, and the inner container is filled with deuterium or hydrogen. The outer container is evacuated, the inner container is heated, and abnormal heat generation is observed. Both hydrogen and deuterium gas produce excess heat power; deuterium produces more heat, lasting longer. When the inner container is filled with hydrogen a maximum of 5 watts of excess heat power is observed, lasting about 3 hours. When the inner container is filled with deuterium it produces higher power than hydrogen, with maximum excess heat power up to 13 watts, also lasting about 3 hours.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangHsummaryofa.pdf
4626	Personal Communication	Zhang, H.	2019	Reproduction of Professor Mizuno's Experiment	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17		LENR-CANR.org	Personal Communication		Reproduction of Professor Mizuno's Experiment		A replication of Mizuno's excess results with palladium burnished onto a nickel mesh	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangHreproducti.pdf
4625	Personal Communication	Zhang, H.	2016	Test of Abnormal Heat in Hydrogen Loaded Metal (translation)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17		LENR-CANR.org	Personal Communication		Test of Abnormal Heat in Hydrogen Loaded Metal (translation)	Excess heat, nickel	This report describes the experimental replication of the significant abnormal exothermic phenomenon observed with the Rossi E-CAT apparatus.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangHtestofabnoa.pdf
4624	Personal Communication	Zhang, H.	2016	Test of Abnormal Heat in Hydrogen Loaded Metal (in Chinese)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17		LENR-CANR.org	Personal Communication		Test of Abnormal Heat in Hydrogen Loaded Metal (in Chinese)	Excess heat, nickel	This report describes the experimental replication of the significant abnormal exothermic phenomenon observed with the Rossi E-CAT apparatus.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangHtestofabno.pdf
4623	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, X.-W., Wang, D., Qin, J.-G., Fu, Y.	2015	Thermal Analysis of Explosions in an Open Palladium/Deuterium Electrolytic System	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17					116 Thermal Analysis of Explosions in an Open Palladium/Deuterium Electrolytic System	Cold fusion, CMNS, Explosion, Pd/D electrolytic system, Pd tube, LENR	An explosion occurred in an open Pd/D electrolytic system at a low current density of 62 mA cm-2. The average power was greater than 6.7 W (65 W cm-3 Pd or 430% of input power), and the incubation time was less than half an hour before the explosion. Thermal analysis indicates that the power of the explosion was 5.1?5.5 kW (or 50?53 kW cm-3 Pd), and the event developed in 2?17 s. It is concluded that this explosion was most probably caused by low energy nuclear reactions taking place in the Pd tube cathode rather than by chemical reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedp.pdf#page=121
4622	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S.	2010	Experimental studies on condensed matter nuclear science (in Chinese)	Science (Shanghai), Vol = 62, Num = 5, Page = 20-25					Experimental studies on condensed matter nuclear science (in Chinese)	review	In Chinese. A review of results since 1989. The field, known as condensed matter nuclear science, has grown to encompass nuclear transmutations, nuclear reaction cross section increases, and other anomalies.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSexperiment.pdf
4621	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S.	2010	Construction, calibration and testing of a decimeter-size heat-flow calorimeter	Thermochim. Acta					Construction, calibration and testing of a decimeter-size heat-flow calorimeter	Calorimeter, method	A Seebeck Envelope Calorimeter (SEC) was designed and built. The inner volume is 17.6 L. Its outer wall temperature was controlled within 0.01?. The device constant was 6 W/V and its time constant was 5 minutes. Dash-type cells were tested. Both an isoperibolic calorimeter and the SEC measured excess heat with the same Pd cathode of 25 ? 25 ? 0.3 mm3. The SEC showed excess heat ranging from 0.15 ? 0.02 to 0.41 ? 0.03 W (average value 0.22 W) at applied current of 3 to 3.5 A (0.24 to 0.28 A cm^-2).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSconstructia.pdf
4620	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, W.-S.	2009	Characteristics of Excess Heat in Pd\|D2O+D2SO4 Electrolytic Cells Measured by Seebeck Envelope Calorimetry	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Characteristics of Excess Heat in Pd\|D2O+D2SO4 Electrolytic Cells Measured by Seebeck Envelope Calorimetry		Pre-electrolysis at the boiling point in open Pd\|D2O cells is an effective method to activate a palladium cathode, which can produce excess power in subsequent electrolysis in closed systems for several months. The reproducibility is 23/45. Another characteristic of excess heat is the apparent resistance of electrolytic cell changes irreversibly with temperature.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=71
4619	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S.	2009	Paradigm of Cold Fusion: A Perspective on Scientific Philosophy	Infinite Energy					Paradigm of Cold Fusion: A Perspective on Scientific Philosophy	review	Technical differences between cold fusion and hot fusion, and scientific distinctions between low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) and classical nuclear reactions, are presented. It is pointed out that LENR is realized through interactions of multi-scale coupling; it is characterized by nonlinearity, non-equilibrium and complexity. The techniques of cold fusion are small-scale, distributed and flexible. All of these characteristics are consistent with trends of contemporary science and technology, whereas hot fusion departs from these tendencies.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSparadigmof.pdf
4618	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, W.-S.	2009	Characteristics of excess heat in DPd\|D2O+D2SO4 electrolytic cells measured by electrolytic Seebeck Envelope Calorimetry	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Characteristics of excess heat in DPd\|D2O+D2SO4 electrolytic cells measured by electrolytic Seebeck Envelope Calorimetry	Excess heat	1. Introduction * What are key factors for reproducibility of excess heat? * (1) Temperature increment delta T * (2) Pre-electrolysis	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWScharacteria.pdf
4617	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, W.-S.	2009	Characteristics of excess heat in DPd\|D2O+D2SO4 electrolytic cells measured by electrolytic Seebeck Envelope Calorimetry (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Characteristics of excess heat in DPd\|D2O+D2SO4 electrolytic cells measured by electrolytic Seebeck Envelope Calorimetry (PowerPoint slides)	Excess heat	Pre-electrolysis at the boiling point in open Pd\|D2O cells is an effective method to activate a palladium cathode, which can produce excess power in subsequent electrolysis in closed systems for several months. The reproducibility is 23/45. Another characteristic of excess heat is the apparent resistance of electrolytic cell changes irreversibly with temperature.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWScharacteri.pdf
4616	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, W.-S., Dash, J., Zhang, Z.-L.	2008	Construction of a Seebeck Envelope Calorimeter and Reproducibility of Excess Heat	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Construction of a Seebeck Envelope Calorimeter and Reproducibility of Excess Heat	Calorimetry heat	A heat-flow calorimeter was designed and built. Its measurements are 26 cm ? 26 cm ? 26 cm (17.6 dm3 ).18,796 thermocouples are used to measure the heat-flow from the vessel walls to the outer walls, for which temperature is controlled within 0.01? from 0 to 100? by a refrigerating/heating circulator. Homogeneity of temperature in the measuring vessel is improved by a fan with constant power. The calibration was performed with an electric heater, with input power up to 50 W. The device constant is 5.8954 ? 0.0025 W V-1; the time constant is 501.7 ? 3.2 s; the uncertainty is 0.6% at 2 W to 0.06% at 50 W. Nonlinearity of this calorimeter is analyzed. The calorimeter can be utilized for studies of kinetics and thermodynamics of physical, chemical and biological systems of decimeter-size. A Sony 26650 Li-ion rechargeable battery was tested with this device during charging and discharging, and an electrolytic cell with Pd-D2O was also tested with this device.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSconstructi.pdf
4615	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, W.-S., Dash, J.	2007	Excess Heat Reproducibility And Evidence Of Anomalous Elements After Electrolysis In Pd/D2O+H2SO4 Electrolytic Cells	The 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Sochi, Russia		Excess Heat Reproducibility And Evidence Of Anomalous Elements After Electrolysis In Pd/D2O+H2SO4 Electrolytic Cells	Excess heat	Electrolyte temperature is a key factor in excess heat production using Pd\|D2O+H2SO4 electrolytic cells. Best results are obtained when the electrolyte temperature is close to the boiling point. Stable excess heat is generated by events on or near the Pd cathode surface. In addition to the stable excess heat, heat bursts are sometimes observed. These occurred most frequently in experiments using 2 mm diameter tubes for the cathodes. Excess heat measured by isoperibolic calorimetry is directly verified by Seebeck envelope calorimetry. Experiments with D2 SO4 replacing H2SO4 in heavy water electrolyte showed that there was no affect on excess heat production. After electrolysis, localized concentrations of silver were found on Pd cathode surfaces. Three characteristic surface features, (1) craters with rims containing electroplated Pt; (2) cracks in the sample; and (3) palladium regions around the cathode edges are preferred locations for the occurrence of silver.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSexcessheat.pdf
4614	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, W.-S., Dash, J., Wang, Q.	2005	Seebeck Envelope Calorimetry With A Pd/D2O+H2SO4 Electrolytic Cell	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Seebeck Envelope Calorimetry With A Pd/D2O+H2SO4 Electrolytic Cell	Excess heat, Ti	Anomalous excess heat in Pd/D2O+H2SO4 electrolytic cells was confirmed using an accurate method of heat measurement, Seebeck Envelope Calorimetry. A cell was placed in the calorimeter, which measures the output heat flux directly and avoids many of the problems other methods have. The maximum excess power thus far was 1.3 W (or 11 W cm^-3) with input power of 13 W at a current density of 0.4 A cm^-2. Calibrations were carried out before and after electrolysis experiments using a Pt/H2O+H2SO4 electrolytic cell, a dummy cell with inner resistor, or a pure resistor. Different calibrations gave consistent device constants within experimental error. Pd cathodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. Unexpected elements were observed on the sample surface after electrolysis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSseebeckenv.pdf
4613	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S.	2004	Resistance shifts of a Pd\|H electrode in measurement and electrolysis with direct currents	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 571					Resistance shifts of a Pd\|H electrode in measurement and electrolysis with direct currents	loading	Some mistakes in the paper published in the Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 528 (2002) 1 are corrected. The resistance changes of a Pd\|H electrode caused by the co-conduction of the electrolyte, the concentration-cell effect and collection of electrolysis current in the in situ resistance measurement using direct currents are calculated analytically. Some advice is given for resistance measurements.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSresistance.pdf
4612	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Hou, M.-Q., Wang, H.-Y., Fu, Y.	2004	Numerical simulation of diffusivity of hydrogen in thin tubular metallic membranes affected by self-stresses	Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 29					Numerical simulation of diffusivity of hydrogen in thin tubular metallic membranes affected by self-stresses	loading	Based on the self-stress theory for hydrogen in thin tubular shells, we numerically calculate apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of hydrogen in membranes obtained from the time-lag and half-rise methods under chemopotential- and flux-step boundary conditions. It is found that ADCs differ from the diffusion coefficient under stress-free conditions when either the initial concentration or the chemopotential-step (or flux-step) is taken to be a nonzero value. At the same time, effects of other parameters on values of ADC are discussed as well. The theoretical results are qualitatively consistent with the available experimental data. Our results indicate that a small current will give the minimum error in determining the diffusion coefficient while the initial hydrogen content is nonzero.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSnumericalsa.pdf
4611	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Hou, M.-Q., Wang, H.-Y., Fu, Y. B.	2004	Effects of reaction heat and self-stress on the transport of hydrogen through metallic tubes under conditions far from equilibrium	Acta Mater.					Effects of reaction heat and self-stress on the transport of hydrogen through metallic tubes under conditions far from equilibrium	loading	A thermokinetic model of hydrogen diffusion across a metallic tube is established. It includes the enthalpy change of the metal-hydrogen reaction, heat losses, dependences of reaction rate and hydrogen diffusion coefficient on temperature, and self-stress effects, etc. A phenomenon, the super fast diffusion of hydrogen before the up-hill diffusion and Fickian diffusion during hydrogen gas charging process, which has been found experimentally for 35 years, is presented by this model. Effects of pressures and other parameters are discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSeffectsofr.pdf
4610	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S.	2003	Effects of electrochemical reaction and self-stress on hydrogen diffusion in tubular membranes during galvanostatic charging	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 256-357					Effects of electrochemical reaction and self-stress on hydrogen diffusion in tubular membranes during galvanostatic charging	loading	Based on theories of hydrogen electrode reactions at the palladium surface and self-stresses of hydrogen in thin tubular shells established earlier, we numerically calculate transport properties of hydrogen across a tubular membrane under galvanostatic charging conditions. It is found that the exited hydrogen flux is much less than the charging current since the hydrogen combination reaction takes place at the outer surface. On the other hand, the overall system is in an unstable state after a long time charging; this makes the determination of hydrogen diffusivity difficult in experiments. The theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data obtained before.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSeffectsofe.pdf
4609	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-F., Zhang, Z.-L.	2002	Some problems on the resistance method in the in situ measurement of hydrogen content in palladium electrode	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 528					Some problems on the resistance method in the in situ measurement of hydrogen content in palladium electrode	loading	Some problems on the resistance method in determining the hydrogen content in PdHx electrodes are discussed. First, the resistivity ratio of PdHx, the temperature coefficient of resistivity and the resistance of PdHx, and the resistance of Pd? having undergone hydriding-dehydriding cycles are discussed. It is found that the resistivity ratio is somewhat higher than the resistance ratio with the same x value and their difference depends on the internal stress-state arising from hydrogen insertion. Another fact that has been omitted in past work is that the temperature coefficients of PdHx resistance and resistivity increase while x > 0.7. The Pd resistance decreases with hydriding-dehydriding cycle number due to the shape deformation of the electrode, which occurs.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSsomeproble.pdf
4608	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-L.	2002	Effects of hydrogen self-stress in thin circular-plates with clamped edges	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 346					Effects of hydrogen self-stress in thin circular-plates with clamped edges	loading	A description of self-stress produced by hydrogen absorption into thin metallic circular-plates with clamped edges is presented. The plate deflects when the average hydrogen content exceeds a critical value, which depends mainly on the size of the plate, if no external load is applied; the plate distortion exhibits bistable characteristics, i.e. the deflection direction may be either upward or downward. On the other hand, a plate deflects prior to hydrogen insertion while an external force is imposed on it. The self-stresses and their effects on the solubility and diffusivity of hydrogen in plates are discussed as well.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSeffectsofh.pdf
4607	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-L., Zhang, X.-W.	2002	Effects of self-induced stress in tubular membranes during hydrogen diffusion	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 336					Effects of self-induced stress in tubular membranes during hydrogen diffusion	loading	Various effects induced by self-stress during hydrogen diffusion across metallic tabular membranes are discussed. The up-hill diffusion in the initial time of permeation, the time course of inner pressure change, the steady distributions of hydrogen concentration and residual stress in membranes, and the acceleration of permeation rate on interruption of hydrogen charging are properly interpreted.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSeffectsofsb.pdf
4606	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, Z.-Q., Zhang, Z.-L., Zhang, W.-S.	2002	Are there some loose bound states of nucleus-nucleus two-body system?	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Are there some loose bound states of nucleus-nucleus two-body system? 4062	theory, schrodinger, bound states	We obtain the possible solutions of the stable Schr?inger equation with Coulomb barrier and square well potential induced by nuclear force for a two nuclei system. The wave functions, energy eigenvalues and the existence condition of the possible loose bound states of this system are given. The binding energy is few keV for ground states of some light nuclei here.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangZQarethereso.pdf
4605	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, Z.-L., Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-Q.	2002	Further study on the solution of Schrodinger equation of hydrogen-like atom	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Further study on the solution of Schrodinger equation of hydrogen-like atom 4061	theory, schrodinger	In this work the Schr?inger equation of the hydrogen-like atom is analytically solved. Three sets of analytical solution are obtained if the factor r^-l/i> is not neglected. The first solution is the same as the traditional radial wave function; another one diverges; the last one is far different from the traditional solution. On the consideration of the finite size of the nucleus, the third wave function does not diverge while r approaches to zero. Its radial wave function has below characteristics: (1) the angular-momentum quantum number l must be greater than the principal quantum number n; (2) l must not be 0 or 1; (3) the electron-cloud distribution differs from the traditional one; (4) the electron is closer to the nucleus by comparison with that in traditional results. On the other hand, the validity of solutions needs to be verified experimentally.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangZLfurtherstu.pdf
4604	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, Z.-L., Zhang, W.-S.	2002	Possibility of electron capture by deuteron	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Possibility of electron capture by deuteron 4060	theory, dineutron, deuteron, electron capture, transmutation	In this work, the results about deuteron capturing electron are obtained from some calculation according to the experimental data presented in 'NUCLEAR WALLET CARDS'. The half-life of such electron capture decay is about 1.04 x 10^11 y, which is almost as same as tsub>1/2 =1.28 x 10^9 year of K^40, the tsub>1/2 = 1.3 x 10^13 year of Te^123 and t1/2 =1.4 x 10^17 year of V50 shown in that 'CARDS'. The mass defect of this process is 6.694207691 x 10^-5 u.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangZLpossibilit.pdf
4603	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-F., Zhang, Z.-L.	2002	Primary calorimetric results on closed Pd/D2O electrolysis systems by calvet calorimetry	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Primary calorimetric results on closed Pd/D2O electrolysis systems by calvet calorimetry 4059	heat, Pd, D2O, seebeck, electrolysis, LiOD	Anomalous heat absorption was observed in a closed Pd\|D2O electrolysis system by Calvet calorimetry. The average excess power was ~ 14.6 mW over 105 hours period, which corresponds to a volume excess power of ~ 10.3 W/cm^3 Pd and heat absorption of 3.81 MJ/cm^3 Pd or 350 eV/atom Pd.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSprimarycal.pdf
4602	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-F., Zhang, Z.-L.	2002	Electrochemical effects on the resistance measurements of Pd/H electrode	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Electrochemical effects on the resistance measurements of Pd/H electrode 4058	Pd, H2O, resistivity, PdH	Additional resistances contributed to that of PdHx electrode in an electrolyte using the direct current method are calculated. It is found that an electrode with a large ratio of length to radius, an active surface, a surrounding electrolyte with high conductance and high electrolysis current will induce substantial additional resistances.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSelectroche.pdf
4601	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-L., Zhang, X.-W.	2000	Effects of temperature on hydrogen absorption into palladium hydride electrodes in the hydrogen evolution reaction	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 481					Effects of temperature on hydrogen absorption into palladium hydride electrodes in the hydrogen evolution reaction	loading	On the basis of the thermokinetics of the hydrogen (deuterium) evolution reaction and the thermodynamics of Pd+H(D) system, we analytically and numerically discuss effects of temperature on the loading ratio of hydrogen (deuterium) absorption into electrodes of β-phase PdHx (PdDx) under the galvanostatic charging condition. It is found that the change of the loading ratio with temperature depends on the absorption enthalpy, adsorption enthalpy and apparent activation energy of the exchange current density of the Tafel reaction. Our theoretical predictions fit the available experimental results well.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSeffectsofta.pdf
4600	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-L.	2000	Steady concentration distribution of hydrogen in elastic membranes during hydrogen diffusion	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 302					Steady concentration distribution of hydrogen in elastic membranes during hydrogen diffusion	loading	A critical discussion on non-linear steady-state concentration profiles for hydrogen diffusion in elastic metallic membranes, proposed by other authors, is provided based on mathematical analysis and numerical simulation. It is shown that the non-linear distribution is non-existent and the linear form is the only solution for the ideal solid solution phase.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSsteadyconc.pdf
4599	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, X.-W., Zhang, Z.-L.	2000	Effects of self-induced stress on the steady concentration distribution of hydrogen in fcc metallic membranes during hydrogen diffusion	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 62					Effects of self-induced stress on the steady concentration distribution of hydrogen in fcc metallic membranes during hydrogen diffusion	loading	Based on the thermodynamics involving the lattice expansion due to hydrogen insertion, the interaction between hydrogen atoms and the blocking effect in hydrogen diffusion, we discuss the profiles of hydrogen concentration and self-induced stress, and their interaction in the steady state during hydrogen diffusion across elastic membranes of fcc metals or alloys. Contrary to the conventional viewpoint, it is found that the selfinduced stress suppresses the departure of the concentration distribution from the linearity. The residual stress profile depends on the phase of metal-hydrogen system. However, the diffusion flux is independent of the existence and magnitude of self-stress; this conclusion means that the conventional steady-state method for measurement of the diffusion coefficient can be applied experimentally even while the self-stress effect is significant. Finally, although these results are obtained from the fcc metal-hydrogen system, our conclusions can be extended to the diffusion problem of other interstitials in solid samples.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSeffectsofsa.pdf
4598	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, Z.-L., Zhang, W.-S., Zhong, M. H., Tan, F.	2000	Measurements of Excess Heat in the Open Pd/D2O Electrolytic System by the Calvet Calorimetry	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 91	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Measurements of Excess Heat in the Open Pd/D2O Electrolytic System by the Calvet Calorimetry	heat+, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-8	Excess heat was observed in the Pd\|D2O electrolytic system using a Calvet type microcalorimeter. It was found that the average excess power was 0.025 W over 79 hours period. This result corresponds to a volume excess power of 8.75 W /cm^3 Pd or a surface excess power of 0.044 W /cm^2 Pd, and a specific excess heat of 2.48 MJ/cm^3 Pd or 228 eV/atom Pd. The current density and D/Pd ratio for excess power production were lower than the recognized 'threshold' values 100-150 mA/cm^2 and 0.83-0.92 D/Pd, this indicates that the critical requirement for reproduction of the anomalous heat can be ?ut down' using high sensitivity calorimetry. By comparison with that of the Pd/D2O system, no anomalous excess heat was measured in the Pd/H2O electrolytic system within the experimental uncertainty.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangZLmeasuremen.pdf
4597	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-L., Zhang, X.-W.	2000	Effects of Temperature on Loading Ratios of Hydrogen (Deuterium) in Palladium Cathodes under the Galvanostatic Conditions	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 205	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Effects of Temperature on Loading Ratios of Hydrogen (Deuterium) in Palladium Cathodes under the Galvanostatic Conditions	loading, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, overvoltage, pressure, theory, ICCF-8	On the basis of the thermokinetics of the hydrogen (deuterium) evolution reaction and the thermodynamics of Pd+H(D) system, we analytically and numerically discuss effects of temperature on the loading ratio of hydrogen (deuterium) absorption into electrodes of β-phase PdHx (PdDx) under the galvanostatic charging condition. It is found that the change of the loading ratio with temperature depends on the absorption enthalpy, adsorption enthalpy and apparent activation energy of the exchange current density of the Tafel reaction. Our theoretical predictions fit the available experimental results well.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSeffectsoft.pdf
4596	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-L., Zhang, X.-W., Wu, F.	1999	Numerical simulation of hydrogen (deuterium) absorption into β-phase hydride (deuteride) palladium electrodes under galvanostatic conditions	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 474					Numerical simulation of hydrogen (deuterium) absorption into β-phase hydride (deuteride) palladium electrodes under galvanostatic conditions	loading	The kinetics of H(D) absorption into a β-phase PdHx (PdDx) electrode are discussed numerically, based on the Volmer-Tafel route of the hydrogen (deuterium) evolution reaction and thermodynamic and kinetic data of H(D) in the b-phase PdHx (PdDx). It is found that the asymptotic loading ratio of H(D) is determined only by the Tafel step under galvanostatic conditions. The kinetics of H(D) absorption can be characterised by a parameter? . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSnumericals.pdf
4595	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, Z.-L.	1999	Effects of self-stress on the hydrogen absorption into palladium hydride electrodes of plate form under galvanostatic conditions	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 474					Effects of self-stress on the hydrogen absorption into palladium hydride electrodes of plate form under galvanostatic conditions	loading	Effects of diffusion induced stress on the hydrogen absorption into plate form electrodes of β-phase PdHx are discussed numerically based on the Volmer-Tafel route of the hydrogen evolution reaction, and thermodynamic considerations involving stress fields and non-ideal interactions of hydrogen in the electrode. It is found that the self-induced stresses enhance the absorption rate and may exceed the yield stress, especially when the thickness of the plate and/or charging current (or negative potential) increase. On the other hand, a plate with both sides exposed to electrolyte absorbs hydrogen more rapidly than that with only one side exposed to electrolyte under the same equivalent thickness and other conditions. Of course, the stresses developed in the former plate are always greater than those of the latter.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSeffectsofs.pdf
4594	Journal Article	Zhang, Z., Z., Zhang.	1999	A probable theoretical model on deuterion-deuterion two-body tight bound states	Nucl. Phys. Rev. (China), Vol = 16					A probable theoretical model on deuterion-deuterion two-body tight bound states	Theory
4593	Journal Article	Zhang, Q. F., Kiu, F. S., Sun, Y., Chen, L. C., Yang, Q. D.	1999	Research of calorimeter of water electrolysis open system	Sichuan Lianhe Daxue Xuebao, Gongcheng Kexueban (J. Sichuan Union Univ., Eng. Sci. Ed.), Vol = 3, Num = 5, Page = 33 [in Chinese]					Research of calorimeter of water electrolysis open system	heat, critique, Fleischmann
4592	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, X.-W., Zhao, X. G	1998	Voltammograms of thin layer Pd/H(D) electrodes in the coexistence of a and ?? phases	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 458					Voltammograms of thin layer Pd/H(D) electrodes in the coexistence of a and ?? phases	PdH, PdD, phase diagram, OCV	The kinetics of a thin layer Pd H(D) electrode at the coexistence of α and β phases in cyclic voltammetry are studied and the effects of various parameters are discussed. It is found that the voltammogram of the α ↔ β phase transition is trigonal in shape which differs significantly from those for diffusion and adsorption. The kinetic characteristics of the α + β mixed region are controlled by the deviation of parameters from the thermodynamic values. These results indicate that cyclic voltammetry can be used for studying the kinetics of phase transition occurring in a layer electrode. The present treatment is verified by comparison with the previous experimental results.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSvoltammogr.pdf
4591	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, X.-W.	1998	A numerical approach to the voltammograms of a thick plate Pd\|H electrode	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 445					A numerical approach to the voltammograms of a thick plate Pd\|H electrode	loading	The kinetics of H sorption in a thick plate Pd\|H electrode in cyclic voltammetry (CV) are studied by numerical methods and the effects of various parameters on the peak potential, peak current and hydrogen concentration are discussed. We find that the hydrogen concentration in PdHx is much less than the equilibrium value and give a simple criterion for the existence of phases occurring during CV. The voltammetric electro-sorption of H into Pd and electro-desorption of H from Pd are controlled by the adsorption of H on Pd and diffusion of H in Pd, respectively. By comparison with the previous experimental results, it is concluded that there are two sorts of adsorption, strong and weak playing key roles in H absorption into Pd at anodic and cathodic overpotentials (vs. RHE), respectively.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSanumerical.pdf
4590	Journal Article	Zhang, Q., Liu, F., Sun, Y., Cheng, L., Zhou, X., Cheng, X.	1998	The experimental study on the 'excess heat' for deuteron absorbed in the lattice of titanium	Chin. J. At. Mol. Phys., Vol = 15					The experimental study on the 'excess heat' for deuteron absorbed in the lattice of titanium	electrolysis, Pd, heat+, D2O
4589	Journal Article	Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, X.-W., Li, H. Q.	1997	The maximum hydrogen (deuterium) loading ratio in the Pd\|H2O(D2O) electrochemical system	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 434					The maximum hydrogen (deuterium) loading ratio in the Pd\|H2O(D2O) electrochemical system	theory, loading, OCV, electrolysis	Based on the Volmer-Heyrovsky-Tafel mechanism, Frumkin adsorption and thermodynamic data of hydrogen (deuterium) absorption in Pd, effects of surface parameters on the hydrogen deuterium) loading ratio into Pd in the hydrogen (deuterium) evolution reaction are discussed. There is a change of mechanism from the Volmer-Tafel route to the Volmer-Heyrovsky route when the current density rises, and there exists the maximum loading ratio at a certain current density when the symmetry factor of the Heyrovsky step is less than that of the Volmer reaction. The theoretical results fit the experimental data presented before very well; other factors that affect the loading ratio are discussed as well.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangWSthemaximum.pdf
4588	Journal Article	Zhang, Z., Liu, F., Liu, M., Wang, Z., Zhong, F., Wu, F.	1997	Calorimetric studies on the electrorefining process of copper	J. Thermal Anal., Vol = 50					Calorimetric studies on the electrorefining process of copper	heat+, Cu, co-deposition, D2O
4587	Journal Article	Zhang, Q., Gou, Q., Zhu, Z., Liu, F., Luo, J., Sun, Y.	1996	The relationship of crystal structure transition of Ti-cathode and 'excess heat' on cold fusion	Chin. J. At. Mol. Phys., Vol = 13, Num = 3, Page = 257 (in Chinese)					The relationship of crystal structure transition of Ti-cathode and 'excess heat' on cold fusion	theory phase transition Ti, heat
4586	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, X-W., Wu, J., Zhang, W-S., Fu, Y., Wang, D., Chen, S., Li, Y. Q., Long, H., Ying, W., Tang, H., Li, Z., Shen, G., Zhou, Z., Qi, B., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Yang, Y.	1996	New Experimental Results and Analysis of Anomalous Phenomenon in Gas Discharge	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 600	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		New Experimental Results and Analysis of Anomalous Phenomenon in Gas Discharge	glow discharge	Counts and energy Spectrums of x-ray have been registered in gas glow discharge system [1], there were some anomalies in about 100 energy spectrums. When discharge voltage was 4-14kv, thcre were 30-300kev continuous x-ray, their intensities were 10%-1000 % of background. According to registered energy spectrums the energy dependence of thc mass attenuation cross section (mu / p) could be obtained, it was differcnt than standard (mu / p)* , sometime negative absorption was detected. We suggested some explanation of above anomalies.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=201
4585	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, Q., Guo, Q., Zhu, Z., Liu, F., Luo, J., Yue, S., Licai, C.	1996	The Relationship of Crystal Structure Transition of Ti-Cathode and 'Excess Heat' on Cold Fusion	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 551	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		The Relationship of Crystal Structure Transition of Ti-Cathode and 'Excess Heat' on Cold Fusion	Deuterium, Titanium, Structure of Lattice	This paper presents an experiment result of crystal structure transition of Ti-cathode due to 'excess heat' of cold fusion. It has been found that the crystal structure of Ti-cathode is changed from hexagonal to face-centered cube structure after cold fusion with 'excess heat'. On the contrary, there will be no observable change for that without 'excess heat'.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=150
4584	Journal Article	Zhang, Z.-L., Sun, X., Zhou, W., Zhang, L., Li, B., Wang, M., Yan, B. Z., Tan, F.	1995	Precision calorimetric studies of H2O electrolysis	J. Thermal Anal., Vol = 45					Precision calorimetric studies of H2O electrolysis	Pd, heat, H2O
4583	Journal Article	Zhang, Q., Gou, Q., Zhu, Z., Luo, J., Liu, F., Sun, J., Miao, B., Ye, A., Cheng, X.	1995	The excess heat experiments on cold fusion in titanium lattice	Chin. J. At. Mol. Phys., Vol = 12, Num = 2, Page = 165					The excess heat experiments on cold fusion in titanium lattice	electrolysis titanium, D2O, heat+
4582	Journal Article	Zhang, F. X., Jin, S. X.	1993	Effect of electron screening and ionic correlation on the fusion rate of deuterium in Pd/D system	Chin. Sci. Bull., Vol = 38, Num = 9, Page = 718					Effect of electron screening and ionic correlation on the fusion rate of deuterium in Pd/D system	Theory, plasma
4581	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, Q. Q., Gou, Z., Zhu, J., Lou, F., Liu, J. S., Miao, B., Ye, A., Cheng, S.	1993	The Excess Heat Experiments on Cold Fusion in a Titanium Lattice	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 17		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	The Excess Heat Experiments on Cold Fusion in a Titanium Lattice	titanium, D2O heat+, surface analysis, structure, electrolysis ICCF-4
4580	Journal Article	Zhang, W. X.	1992	Possibility of phase transitions inducing cold fusion in palladium/deuterium systems	Fusion Technol., Vol = 21					Possibility of phase transitions inducing cold fusion in palladium/deuterium systems	theory, phase change
4579	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, Z.-L., Liu, S. I.	1992	Thermodynamic Theory of Cold Nuclear Fusion (C.N.F.)	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 617	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Thermodynamic Theory of Cold Nuclear Fusion (C.N.F.)	theory, ICCF-3	A new discipline known as solid-state theory of thermodynamics has been established in the period (1979-1991) by Shu-I Lui. .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=353
4578	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, X., Zhang, W.-S., Wang, D., Chen, S., Fu, Y., Fan, D., Chen, W.	1992	On the Explosion in a Deuterium/Palladium Electrolytic System	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 381	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	On the Explosion in a Deuterium/Palladium Electrolytic System	explosion, Pd, D2O, ICCF-3	An explosion in a D/Pd electrolytic system is analyzed; it is not a chemical explosion but a cold fusion reaction. A possible mechanism of cold fusion is presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangXontheexplo.pdf
4577	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, Q. F., Gou, Q. Q., Zhu, Z. H., Xio, B. L., Lou, J. M., Liu, F. S., S., J. X., Ning, Y. G., Xie, H., Wang, Z. G.	1992	The Detection of 4-He in Ti-Cathode on Cold Fusion	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 531	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	The Detection of 4-He in Ti-Cathode on Cold Fusion	titanium, D2O, heat+, Helium electrolysis ICCF-3	The Ti- cathode has been examined after electrolysis with remarkable phenomenon of 'excess heat' by SIMS. The special mass peak of 4 amu in SIMS spectra of Ti- cathode has been detected by a series of experiments. It's concluded that the mass peak of 4 amu is the mass peak of 4He in Ti-Cathode produced in cold fusion. To avoid interference of Dz and HzD with 4He in SIMS spectra , the negative SIMS spectra are used in the detection of 4He. Ti rod was partly immersed in electrolyte during electrolysis. He-4 was detected at various positions after excess heat was observed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=269
4576	Journal Article	Zhang, J. S.	1991	The estimation of the difference between d(n,n)3He and d(d,p)T cross sections in the cold fusion	Commun. Theor. Phys. (China), Vol = 16					The estimation of the difference between d(n,n)3He and d(d,p)T cross sections in the cold fusion	theory
4575	Conference Proceedings	Zhang, Z.-L., Yan, B. Z., Wang, M. G., Gu, J., Tan, F.	1990	Calorimetric Observation Combined with the Detection of Particle Emissions During the Electrolysis of Heavy Water	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 572	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Calorimetric Observation Combined with the Detection of Particle Emissions During the Electrolysis of Heavy Water	Pd, D2O, heat+, neutron, tritium, electrolysis
4574	Journal Article	Zelentsov, V. V.	1989	New but well forgotten [matters]	Koord. Khim., Vol = 19					New but well forgotten [matters]	review
4573	Journal Article	Zelensky, V. F., Gamov, V. O., Ulybkin, A. L., Virich, V. D.	2017	Experimental Device of Cold HD-Fusion Energy Development and Testing (Verification Experiment)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Experimental Device of Cold HD-Fusion Energy Development and Testing (Verification Experiment)	Anomalous gamma-conversion, Chemonuclear fusion, Cold fusion	The work is devoted to experimental check of the intensive cold fusion model (the chemonuclear fusion scenario) developed. For experiments, the experimental device of cold fusion energy in HD-nickel system has been made. To create an ?ctive pseudocomposite? layer (offered in V.F. Zelensky, The Int. Conf. on Cold Fusion-20. Japan, 2016) on the electrode surface, an operating procedure has been developed for processing nickel electrodes of the energy generator. All the phenomena expected in the chemonuclear fusion scenario were observed in the 'verification experiment' (except gamma-radiation caused by the bineutron-nickel nucleus interaction). The conclusion is drawn that the chemonuclear fusion scenario successfully explains the process of intensive cold fusion in three fusion systems (2D?, HD? and (7Li?1H)gas-transitive metal), and thus, can form the basis for the development of cold fusion reactors.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=180
4572	Journal Article	Zelensky, V. F.	2017	Fusion of Light Atomic Nuclei in Vacuum and in Solids and Two Ways of Mastering Nuclear Fusion Energy	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Fusion of Light Atomic Nuclei in Vacuum and in Solids and Two Ways of Mastering Nuclear Fusion Energy	Anomalous gamma-conversion, Chemonuclear fusion, Cold fusion	Two ways of mastering nuclear fusion energy, viz., controlled thermonuclear fusion and cold fusion, are considered. This paper deals with the intensive cold fusion model, hereinafter referred to as the chemonuclear fusion hypothesis. The determining role of virtual photons and electrons of anomalous internal gamma-conversion in cold fusion is shown. The chemonuclear fusion hypothesis for the 2D-, HD- and (7Li?1H)gas-transition metal systems provides an explanation of cold fusion. It is demonstrated that this hypothesis can serve as a base for the development of cold fusion reactors.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=158
4571	Journal Article	Zelenskii, V. F., Rybalko, V. F., Morozov, A. N., Pistryak, S. V., Tolstolutskaya, G. D., Kulish, V. G.	1991	Preliminary results of the second series of experiments on cold fusion	Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., Vol = 2, Num = 56, Page = 48 (In Russian)					Preliminary results of the second series of experiments on cold fusion	ion implanatation, Pd, Ti, D2, particle emission
4570	Journal Article	Zelenskii, V. F., Rybalko, V. F.	1991	Studies of neutron emission by mechanical destruction of Ti and Pd samples, saturated with deuterium	Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., Vol = 2, Num = 56, Page = 46 (In Russian)					Studies of neutron emission by mechanical destruction of Ti and Pd samples, saturated with deuterium	titanium, TiD, neutron, fractofusion
4569	Journal Article	Zelenskii, V. F., Rybalko, V. F., Morozov, A. N., Tolstolutskaya, G. D., Kulish, V. G., Pistryak, S. V., Martynov, I. S.	1990	Experiments on cold nuclear fusion in Pd and Ti saturated with deuterium by ion implantation	Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., Vol = 52, Num = 1, Page = 65 (in Russian)					Experiments on cold nuclear fusion in Pd and Ti saturated with deuterium by ion implantation	Pd titanium, ion implantation, D2, neutron, particle emission, fractofusion
4568	Journal Article	Zelenskii, V. F., Bozhko, V. P., Golovnya, V. Ya., Oleinik, S. N.	1990	Experimental investigation of cold D-D-fusion by ion implantation	Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved.					Experimental investigation of cold D-D-fusion by ion implantation	ion implantation, Pd, nickel, titanium, neutron, gamma emission
4567	Patent	Zawodny, J.	2011	Method for Producing Heavy Electrons, Patent US 2011/0255645 Al	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 16		NASA			Method for Producing Heavy Electrons, Patent US 2011/0255645 Al		A method for producing heavy electrons is based on a material system that includes an electrically-conductive material is selected. The material system has a resonant frequency associated therewith for a given operational environment. A structure is formed that includes a non-electrically-conductive material and the material system. The structure incorporates the electrically-conductive material at least at a surface thereof. The geometry of the structure supports propagation of surface plasmon polaritons at a selected frequency that is approximately equal to the resonant frequency of the material system. As a result, heavy electrons are produced at the electrically-conductive material as the surface plasmon polaritons propagate along the structure. Patent Assignee: NASA	US 2011/0255645 Al http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZawodnyJmethodforp.pdf
4566	Journal Article	Zaromb, S.	2015	The Latest Environmental Contributions of John O'Hara Bockris	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 16					The Latest Environmental Contributions of John O'Hara Bockris	Catalysts for methanol synthesis, Converting captured CO2 to methanol, Methanol from natural gas, Methanol synthesisreactor, Syngas by steam reforming	While widely acknowledged as the father of the Hydrogen Economy and worthy to be dubbed as grandfather of the Methanol Economy, John O'Hara Bockris (JOMB) continued to inspire important environmental advances to the end of his most creative life. His co-invention of what may turn out to be a ground-breaking US Patent 8,413,420 helps to open the way to capturing CO2 from automotive exhausts and its conversion to recyclable methanol fuel, thereby greatly reducing and possibly even reversing global warming. Most recently, in a letter dated shortly before his death, published herein as the Appendix, JOMB pointed to inexpensive mass production of methanol from natural gas via the syngas route which may lead to the displacement of gasoline by methanol as the main automotive fuel and to major reductions in global CO2 emissions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedo.pdf#page=8
4565	Journal Article	Zakowicz, W.	1991	Possible resonant mechanism of cold fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19					Possible resonant mechanism of cold fusion	theory, resonance
4564	Conference Proceedings	Zakowicz, W., Rafelski, J.	1990	Coupled Channel Model for Ultra-Low Energy Deuteron-Deuteron Fusion	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 911	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Coupled Channel Model for Ultra-Low Energy Deuteron-Deuteron Fusion	theory
4563	Journal Article	Zakharova, V. P., Kotel'nikov, G. A.	1989	To the question of cold nuclear fusion	Atom. Tekh. za Rubez., Vol = 9					To the question of cold nuclear fusion	history
4562	Journal Article	Zak, J.	1989	Low-temperature fusion of light nuclei in the Fleischmann-Pons reaction	Inz. Aparat. Chem., Vol = 28, Num = 5, Page = (in Polish)					Low-temperature fusion of light nuclei in the Fleischmann-Pons reaction	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, heat
4561	Journal Article	Zahm, L. L., Klein, A. C., Binney, S. E., Reyes, J. N., Higginbotham, J. F., Robinson, A. H.	1990	Experimental investigations of the electrolysis of D2O using palladium cathodes and platinum anodes	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 281					Experimental investigations of the electrolysis of D2O using palladium cathodes and platinum anodes	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, heat+, neutron, gamma emission, tritium
4560	Report	Zahm, L. L., Klein, A. C., Binney, S. E., Reyes, J. N., Higginbotham, J. F., Robinson, A. H., Daniels, M.	1989	Experimental Investigations of the Electrolysis of D2O Using Pd and Pt Electrodes	Phys. Stat. Sol. A, Vol = 58					Experimental Investigations of the Electrolysis of D2O Using Pd and Pt Electrodes	Pd, D2O, heat+
4559	Journal Article	Yurichev, I. A., Ponyatovsky, E. G.	1980	Isomorphic Transitions and Critical Phenomena in F.C.C. Metals Under Hydrogen Pressure	Phys. Stat. Sol. A, Vol = 58					Isomorphic Transitions and Critical Phenomena in F.C.C. Metals Under Hydrogen Pressure	Pd, nickel hydrogen Phase Diagram, thermodynamic
4558	Journal Article	Yun, K. S., Ju, J. B., Cho, B. W., Cho, W. I., Park, S. Y.	1991	Calorimetric observation of heat production during electrolysis of 0.1 M LiOD + D2O solution	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 306					Calorimetric observation of heat production during electrolysis of 0.1 M LiOD + D2O solution	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, heat+
4557	Journal Article	Yum, K-J., Lee, M. L., Bahng, G-W., Rhee, S.	2019	An Experiment in Reducing the Radioactivity of Radionuclide (137Cs) with Multi-component Microorganisms of 10 Strains	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 28					An Experiment in Reducing the Radioactivity of Radionuclide (137Cs) with Multi-component Microorganisms of 10 Strains	Biological transmutation, 137Cs, Gamma-ray count rate, Multi-component microorganisms, Radioactivity	In order to observe the effect of multi-component microorganisms on the radiation intensity of a radioactive 137Cs solution, a multi-component microorganism composed with 10 strains was designed and utilized in the experiment. It was composed of the radioactivity resistant Bacillus spp., aerobic bacteria which have a high temperature resistant and good biodegrade ability, anaerobic lactic acid bacteria, highly resistant to toxicity and good polymer degradable yeast, and photosynthetic strains with a better utilization of proton and high production rate of H+: An amount of 120 ml of this multi-component microorganism was mixed with 380 ml of deionized water. An amount of 0.159 ml of hydrochloric acid solution (0.1 mol/l) containing 137Cs was added to this mixture to adjust the final radioactivity to be 50 kBq. The mixed 500 ml samples were irradiated at 12-hour intervals with light and shaken at about 120 rpm at 25?C in a shaking incubator.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedza.pdf#page=7
4556	Journal Article	Yuki, H.	1998	Anomalous enhancement of DD reaction in Pd and Au/Pd/PdO heterostructure targets under low-energy deuteron bombardment	JETP Lett., Vol = 68, Num = 11					Anomalous enhancement of DD reaction in Pd and Au/Pd/PdO heterostructure targets under low-energy deuteron bombardment	ion bombardment, titanium, D2 ion implantation, theory	Yields of protons emitted in the D + D reaction in Pd, Au/Pd/PdO, Ti, and Au foils are measured by a dE-E counter telescope for bombarding energies between 2.5 and 10 keV. The experimental yields are compared with those predicted from a parametrization of the cross section and stopping power at higher energies. It is found that for Ti and Au target the enhancement of the D(d,p)T reaction is similar to that observed with a deuterium gas target (several tens of eV). The dependence of the yields on the bombarding energy corresponds well to the screening potential parameters Ux=250?15 eV for Pd and 601?23 eV for Au/Pd/PdO. Possible models of the enhancement obtained are discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/YukiHanomalouse.pdf
4555	Journal Article	Yuki, H., Sato, T., Ohtsuki, T., Yorita, T., Aoki, Y., Yamazaki, H., Kasagi, J., Ishii, K.	1997	Measurement of the D(d,p) reaction in Ti for 2.5 < Ed < 6.5 keV and electron screening in metal	J. Phys. Soc. Japan, Vol = 66					Measurement of the D(d,p) reaction in Ti for 2.5 < Ed < 6.5 keV and electron screening in metal	ion bombardment, titanium, D2 ion implantation, theory	In order to study the electron screening effect on low-energy nuclear reactions in metals, the D+D reaction in Ti was investigated. Measured were thick target yields of protons emitted in the D(d, p)T reaction from the bombardment of Ti metal with deuteron energies between 2.5 and 6.5 keV. The obtained yields were compared with those predicted by using the parameterization of cross sections at higher energies. It was found that the reaction rates in Ti are slightly enhanced over those of the bare D+D reaction for Ed 4.3 keV, and the enhancement can be interpreted as caused by the electron screening. The electron screening potential in Ti is deduced for the first time to be 19 ? 12 eV.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/YukiHmeasuremen.pdf
4554	Journal Article	Yuki, H., Satoh, T., Ohtsuki, T.	1997	D + D reaction in metal at bombarding energies below 5 keV	J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.					D + D reaction in metal at bombarding energies below 5 keV	ion bombardment, titanium, D2 ion implantation, theory	In order to study the electron screening effect on low-energy nuclear reactions in metals, the D + D reaction in Ti and Yb was investigated. Yields of protons emitted in the D(d, p)T reactions from the deuteron bombardment of Ti and Yb thick targets with bombarding energies between 2.5 and 7.2 keV were measured. The obtained yields were compared with those predicted by using the parametrization of cross sections at higher energies. It was found that the reaction rates in metals are enhanced over those of the bare nuclei for Ed < 5 keV, and the enhancement can be interpreted as caused by the electron screening. The electron screening potentials in Ti and Yb are deduced to be 19 ? 12 eV and 81 ? 10 eV, respectively.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/YukiHddreaction.pdf
4553	Conference Proceedings	Yuki, H., Satoh, T., Ohtsuki, T., Aoki, T., Yamazaki, H., Kasagi, J.	1996	Reaction rates of the D+D reaction in metal at very low energies	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 259	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Reaction rates of the D+D reaction in metal at very low energies	theory screening, ICCF-6	In order to study the electron screening effect on low-energy nuclear reactions in metals the D+D reaction in metal was investigated. Measured were thick target yields of protons emitted in the D(d,p)T reaction from the bombardment of Ti and Yb metals with deuteron energies between 2.5 and 6.5 ~eV in Ti and between 3.3 and 7.2 keV in Yb, respectively. The obtained yields were compared with those predicted by using the parameterization of cross sections at higher energies. It was found that the reaction rates in Ti are slightly enhanced over those of the bare D+D reaction for Ed < 4.3 keV and those in Yb are also slightly enhanced for Ed < 6.0 keV. The enhancement can be interpreted as caused by the electron screening, and the electron screening potentials in Ti and Yb are deduced for the first time to be 19 ? 12 eV and 60? 15 eV, respectively.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=274
4552	Journal Article	Yuhara, T., Futami, H.	1997	Method for Identifying Nuclides that Can be Produced in Cold Nuclear Fusion	J. New Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 3/4, Page = 135					Method for Identifying Nuclides that Can be Produced in Cold Nuclear Fusion	theory transmutation
4551	Conference Proceedings	Yue, S., Qingfu, Z., Qingquan, G.	2002	The crystal change and 'excess heat' production by long time electrolysis of heavy water with titanium cathode due to deuterium atom entering the lattice of titanium	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		The crystal change and 'excess heat' production by long time electrolysis of heavy water with titanium cathode due to deuterium atom entering the lattice of titanium 4057	Ti, D2O, electrolysis, heat
4550	Conference Proceedings	Yuan, L. J., Wan, C. M., Liang, C. Y., Chen, S. K.	1992	Neutron Monitoring on Cold-Fusion Experiments	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 461	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Neutron Monitoring on Cold-Fusion Experiments	neutron, Fused Salt, Pd, heat, replication, ICCF-3	A helium-three proportional detector was equipped with the experiment of Liaw-type of electrolytic cell contained eutectic LiCl-KCl molten salt saturated by LiD electrolytic to collect the information's of the rate and the energy distribution of possible neutron produced during the electrolysis process. For a long time monitoring, the significant reproducible neutron bursts appeared at several runs of cells during electrolytic processing. The neutron counting rate increased about a factor of two above the level of the background measurement. The pulse height signals were verified of neutron energy ranging from thermal up to 350 keV. The neutron rate was twice background and the heat was 5-10^8 times the applied power when a Liaw-type molten salt cell was run. The neutron energy ranged from thermal up to 350 keV.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=199
4549	Conference Proceedings	Yu, C. Z., Chang, Y. F.	1994	Internal Conversion Mechanism in Cold Fusion	International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 105	Fox, H.	Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City	Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus	May 24-26, 1994	Internal Conversion Mechanism in Cold Fusion	theory
4548	Journal Article	You, J. H., Cheng, F. H., Cheng, F. Z., Huang, F. H.	1991	Interior adsorption, channel collimation, and nuclear fusion in solids	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 43					Interior adsorption, channel collimation, and nuclear fusion in solids	theory, cluster
4547	Conference Paper	Yoshino, H., Igari, E., Mizuno, T.	2014	Replicable Model for Controlled Nuclear Reaction using Metal Nanoparticles (PowerPoint slides)	The 2014 Cold Fusion [LANR] Colloquium at MIT			MIT			Excess heat, nanoparticle	Purposes of this Report 1. Formalize a replicable CF methodology with Ni and D2 Gas: Derive a formula based on test results only using Ni nanoparticles as metal and D2 gas, which generated the best results. 2. Analyze the Gas Composition during the Test: Accurately analyzed the changes of gas composition during the test, which we believe hasn? been reported before. 3. Find CF Reaction Kinetics: Aim to find the reaction kinetics.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/YoshinoHreplicable.pdf
4546	Conference Proceedings	Yoshikawa, N., Aoki, T., Kurata, Y., Ebihara, H., Mori, K.	1996	Search for Tritium in Pd+D Systems by a Gas Proportional Chamber	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 365	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Search for Tritium in Pd+D Systems by a Gas Proportional Chamber	tritium, Pd, D2, electrolysis, Au-Pd, layer, ICCF-6	Tritium concentration in deuterium gas from Pd + D systems was measured by a gas proportional chamber. This type of detector was able to observe directly a beta ray spectrum of tritium and give a genuine number of tritium in studying gas phase system. For this purpose, the gas proportional chamber was made and was operated in low background. The detection limit was 20 Bq in one liter of deuterium gas. Tritium searches in deuterium gas phase of several different systems were done by this detector. The clear spectrum of beta ray originated from tritium decay could not be observed due to low concentration of tritium in the examined deuterium gas phase.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=380
4545	Journal Article	Yoshihara, K., Sekine, T., Braun, T.	1989	An attempt to detect fracto-fusion during microwave irradiation of D2O loaded silica gel	J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Vol = 137					An attempt to detect fracto-fusion during microwave irradiation of D2O loaded silica gel	SiO2, D2, microwave, neutron, fractofusion, tritium
4544	Journal Article	Yoshida, Y., Aradono, Y., Hirabayashi, T.	1991	Verification of room temperature nuclear fusion. 1	Genshiryoku Kogyo, Vol = 37, Num = 4, Page = 21 (in Japanese)					Verification of room temperature nuclear fusion. 1	review
4543	Conference Proceedings	Yi-Fang, C., Zheng-Rong, L.	1996	Nonlinear barrier penetration and cold fusion	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 300	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Nonlinear barrier penetration and cold fusion	theory, barrier, ICCF-6	The great difficulty of cold fusion as the nuclear reaction is the barrier penetration. The quantilativite calculation of the multistage chain reaction theory can explain some experimental facts of cold fusion. Further, we propose a new mechanism, the nonlinear barrier penetration. Its quantilativite results show some new characters even in a simplied model, for example, the penetration factor has a periodicity with the barrier thinckness. This is a new method which may be developed and applied further.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=315
4542	Journal Article	Yi, K., Jiang, D., Qian, X., Lin, J., Ye, Y.	1994	A study of D-D fusion in TiD target induced by 197Au bombardment	Nucl. Techniques (China), Vol = 17					A study of D-D fusion in TiD target induced by 197Au bombardment	ion bombardment, TiD, Au, particle emission
4541	Journal Article	Yasui, K.	1992	Fractofusion mechanism	Fusion Technol., Vol = 22					Fractofusion mechanism	theory, fractofusion
4540	Conference Proceedings	Yasui, K.	1992	Fractofusion Mechanism	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 605	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Fractofusion Mechanism	fractofusion, theory, ICCF-3	The fractofusion mechanism of Cold Fusion is investigated theoretically. The conditions necessary for fractofusion are clarified. The origin and quantity of the electrical field inside cracks in the conductor are clarified also. The characteristics of Cold Fusion are explained by the mechanism. Almost all the total neutron yields experimentally observed are smaller than the upper limit predicted by the fractofusion mechanism. It indicates that they can be explained by the fractofusion mechanism.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=341
4539	Conference Proceedings	Yasuda, K., Nitta, Y., Takahashi, A.	1996	Study of Excess Heat and Nuclear Products with Closed D2O Electrolysis Systems	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 36	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Study of Excess Heat and Nuclear Products with Closed D2O Electrolysis Systems	electrolysis tritium-, Pd, D2O, neutron-, 4He-, heat+, D/Pd, ICCF-6	Using a closed type heavy water electrolysis system, deuterium loading ratio DlPd , output power (by using mass flow calorimetry method) and neutrons were measured in-situ simultaneously. Mass spectrum analysis of upper-cell gas and palladium cathode by a quadrupole mass spectrometer and tritium measurement in a sampled electrolyte were done by off-line techniques. Excess heats up to approximately 4 to 5W were produced with the cold worked and copper layered (0.95 /.1 m) cathode. However, during excess heat, nuclear products (neutrons) were not observed over the 3 a limit line of background level. In a few mass spectrum analyses, slight increases of helium-4 peaks were observed. However, helium-4 might not absolutely increase, because it was difficult to calibrate the mass spectrometer to deduce total amount of helium-4 from samples.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=51
4538	Journal Article	Yaroslavskii, M. A.	1989	Possible mechanism for the initiation of nuclear reactions during temperature changes and phase transitions in condensed materials	Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., Vol = 308					Possible mechanism for the initiation of nuclear reactions during temperature changes and phase transitions in condensed materials	neutron, chemical, biological
4537	Journal Article	Yaroslavskii, M. A.	1989	Nuclear reactions induced by temperature changes and phase transitions in solids	Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., Vol = 307					Nuclear reactions induced by temperature changes and phase transitions in solids	neutron, D2O, chemical
4536	Journal Article	Yao, Y. D., Wang, C. W., Lin, E. K., Wu, J. K.	1990	Observation of cathodic charging on a palladium electrode in heavy water	J. Mater. Sci. Lett., Vol = 9					Observation of cathodic charging on a palladium electrode in heavy water	loading, electrolysis, Pd neutron, gamma emission D2O, H2O, diffusion
4535	Journal Article	Yanokura, M., Minami, M., Yamagata, S., Nakabayashi, S., Aratani, M., Kira, A., Tanihata, I.	1989	An approach to the cold fusion through hydrogen isotopes analysis by the heavy ion Rutherford scattering	Chem. Lett.					An approach to the cold fusion through hydrogen isotopes analysis by the heavy ion Rutherford scattering	loading, surface analysis, PdD, Pd, D2, electrolysis, D2O
4534	Journal Article	Yang, T. H., Pyun, S. I.	1996	An investigation of the hydrogen absorption reaction into, and the hydrogen reaction from, a Pd foil electrode	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 414					An investigation of the hydrogen absorption reaction into, and the hydrogen reaction from, a Pd foil electrode	loading, Pd, overvoltage
4533	Journal Article	Yang, J., Tang, L., Chen, X.	1996	Dineutron model research of cold fusion	Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Norm. Hunanensis, Vol = 19, Num = 2, Page = 25					Dineutron model research of cold fusion	theory, dineutron
4532	Journal Article	Yang, J., Tang, L., Chen, X.	1996	Possible nuclear process in deuterium-metal system	J. Changsa Univ. Elec. Power (Nat. Sci.), Vol = 11, Num = 3, Page = 289					Possible nuclear process in deuterium-metal system	theory, dineutron
4531	Journal Article	Yang, J., Chen, D., Zhou, G., Wu, Q., Huang, J., Tang, L., Cheng, X., Xie, D., Gu, L.	1994	'Abnormal' nuclear phenomena and possible nuclear process	Fusion Technol., Vol = 25					'Abnormal' nuclear phenomena and possible nuclear process	Theory, transmutation
4530	Journal Article	Yang, J.	1992	(2)(1)H-e touched capturing and (2)(1)H-(2)(0)N fusion	Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Norm. Hunanensis, Vol = 15, Num = 1, Page = 18					(2)(1)H-e touched capturing and (2)(1)H-(2)(0)N fusion	Theory, dineutron
4529	Journal Article	Yang, J.	1991	A new fusion mechanism	Hunan Shifan Daxue Ziran Kexue Xuebao, Vol = 14, Num = 2, Page = 126 (in Chinese)					A new fusion mechanism	theory
4528	Journal Article	Yang, F.	1990	On cold fusion	Nucl. Tech. (China), Vol = 13, Num = 12, Page = 705 (in Chinese)					On cold fusion	review
4527	Conference Proceedings	Yang, C. S., Liang, C. Y., Perng, T. P., Yuan, L. J., Wang, C. M., Wang, C. C.	1990	Observation of Excess Heat and Tritium on Electrolysis of D2O	8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf., Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 95		Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822	Honolulu, HI	July 22-27, 1990	Observation of Excess Heat and Tritium on Electrolysis of D2O	Pd, D2O, heat+, tritium, electrolysis
4526	Journal Article	Yan, X., Tsai, S., Guo, S., Zhang, Z.	1989	Room temperature deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction rate - a strong- -coupling plasma model	Chin. Phys. Lett., Vol = 6					Room temperature deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction rate - a strong- -coupling plasma model	theory
4525	Journal Article	Yamazaki, O., Watanabe, Y., Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N., Ota, K.	1996	Hydrogen absorption in Pd cathode in alkaline solutions	Oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku, Vol = 64					Hydrogen absorption in Pd cathode in alkaline solutions	Pd, loading, surface analysis
4524	Journal Article	Yamazaki, O., Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N., Ota, K.	1995	Hydrogen absorption and Li inclusion in a Pd cathode in LiOH solution	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 390					Hydrogen absorption and Li inclusion in a Pd cathode in LiOH solution	loading, Pd, Li, H2O, overvoltage, surface
4523	Journal Article	Yamaura, S., Sasamori, K., Kimura, H., Inoue, A., Zhang, Y., Arata, Y.	2002	Hydrogen absorption of nanoscale Pd particles embedded in ZrO2 matrix prepared from Zr?????d amorphous alloys	J. Mater. Res., Vol = 17, Num = 6, Page = 1329					Hydrogen absorption of nanoscale Pd particles embedded in ZrO2 matrix prepared from Zr?????d amorphous alloys
4522	Journal Article	Yamashita, I., Tanaka, H., Takeshita, H., Kuriyama, N., Sakai, T., Uehara, I.	1997	Hydrogenation characteristics of TiFe1-xPdx (0.05x0.30) alloys	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 253-254					Hydrogenation characteristics of TiFe1-xPdx (0.05x0.30) alloys	H2 Ti-Fe-Pd, phase diagram, pressure
4521	Conference Proceedings	Yamamoto, H.	2005	An Explanation of Earthquakes by the Blacklight Process and Hydrogen Fusion	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	An Explanation of Earthquakes by the Blacklight Process and Hydrogen Fusion	theory
4520	Conference Proceedings	Yamamoto, H.	2002	A catalytic role of atomic oxygen on anomalous heat generation	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		A catalytic role of atomic oxygen on anomalous heat generation 4056	theory, Miles, hydrino
4519	Journal Article	Yamamoto, T., Taniguchi, R., Oka, T., Kawabata, K.	1991	In situ observation of deuteride formation in palladium foil cathode by an x-ray diffraction method	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 172-174					In situ observation of deuteride formation in palladium foil cathode by an x-ray diffraction method	electrolysis, OCV, loading, Pd, x-ray diffraction
4518	Journal Article	Yamamoto, N., Ohsaka, T., Terashima, T., Oyama, N.	1990	In situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies of water electrolysis at a palladium cathode in acidic aqueous media	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 296					In situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies of water electrolysis at a palladium cathode in acidic aqueous media	loading, method, Pd, film, electrolysis
4517	Journal Article	Yamamoto, T., Oka, T., Taniguchi, R.	1990	In-situ observation of deuteride formation in palladium electrochemical cathode by x-ray diffraction method	Annu. Rep. Osaka Prefect. Radiat. Res. Inst., Vol = 30					In-situ observation of deuteride formation in palladium electrochemical cathode by x-ray diffraction method	loading, Pd, x-ray diffraction, lattice parameter
4516	Conference Proceedings	Yamaguchi, T., Sasaki, A., Nohmi, T., Taniike, A., Furuyama, Y., Kitamura, A.	2008	Investigation of Nuclear Transmutation Using Multilayered CaO/X/Pd Samples Under Deuterium Permeation	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Investigation of Nuclear Transmutation Using Multilayered CaO/X/Pd Samples Under Deuterium Permeation	transmutation	We constructed an experimental system in which accelerator analyses by PIXE, ERDA, NRA and RBS can be made in situ under deuterium (D) gas permeation through multilayered CaO/X/Pd samples to induce nuclear transmutation in the element X. Furthermore, to examine the effect of flow direction, we made a D gas permeation system separated from the accelerator beam-line chamber for ex-situ accelerator analysis. We report the results of recent experiments in this paper.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/YamaguchiTinvestigat.pdf
4515	Conference Proceedings	Yamaguchi, E., Sugiura, H.	1998	Excess Heat and Nuclear Products from Pd:D/Au Heterostructures by the 'In-vacuo' Method	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 420	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Excess Heat and Nuclear Products from Pd:D/Au Heterostructures by the 'In-vacuo' Method	deloading, neutron, heat, He, particle emission Pd-Au, layer, ICCF-7	We report a recent progress on the experimental studies of excess power and the search for nuclear products from Pd:D/Au (Pd:H/Au) or SiO2/Pd:D/Au (SiO2/Pd:H/Au) heterostructures by the 'in-vacuo' method. The excess power generation correlated to the sample distortion was observed with 100 % reproducibility. The peak excess power was estimated as much as 8 W with the input being 0.1 W. The total amount of excess power was at most 39 kJ, indicating that the energy generated was of the order of 1 eV per D (H) atom. Nevertheless, None of the nuclear products was detected clearly. This result suggests that the highly reproducible excess power observed in the present experiment is correlated to the structural phase transition at the Pd surface. We discuss the origin of the anomalous heat generation within the condensed matter physics.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=420
4514	Journal Article	Yamaguchi, M., Yamamoto, I., Ishikawa, F., Goto, T., Miura, S.	1997	Thermodynamic theory of magnetic field effects on chemical equilibra and applications to metal-hydrogen systems	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 253					Thermodynamic theory of magnetic field effects on chemical equilibra and applications to metal-hydrogen systems	theory, susceptibility, PdH
4513	Journal Article	Yamaguchi, E., Nishioka, T.	1993	Helium-4 production from deuterated palladium	Kaku Yugo Kenkyu, Vol = 69, Num = 7, Page = 743 (in Japanese)					Helium-4 production from deuterated palladium	Au-Pd-PdO, helium, D2, coating
4512	Journal Article	Yamaguchi, E., Nishioka, T.	1993	Helium-4 production and its correlation with heat evolution	Oyo Butsuri, Vol = 62, Num = 7, Page = 712 (in Japanese)					Helium-4 production and its correlation with heat evolution	review, Pd helium PdD
4511	Conference Proceedings	Yamaguchi, E., Nishioka, T.	1992	Direct Evidence for Nuclear Fusion Reactions in Deuterated Palladium	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 179	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Direct Evidence for Nuclear Fusion Reactions in Deuterated Palladium	Pd, D2, Helium, particle emission ICCF-3	Using our own 'in vacuo' method with a heterostructure of deuterated Pd (Pd:D), we have succeeded in the first highly reproducible and 'in situ' detection of 4He production. The real time observation has been performed by high-resolution quadrupole mass spectroscopy (0.001 amu at 4 amu). The amount of 4He gas produced was closely correlated with the evolution of excess heat, and it increased with the loading ratio of D to Pd. At the highest loading ratio of D to Pd, we have also observed T production by detecting HT. The amount of HT increased in the final stages of 4He production. The system of H-loaded Pd (Pd:H) heterostructure, on the other hand, produced neither 4He nor T. Furthermore, the energy spectrum of charged particles detected during these experiments has revealed that a particles with an energy of 4.5-6 Me V and protons with an energy of 3 Me V were emitted from the oxide surface of Pd. The amount, however, was extremely small in comparison with that of 4He detected. These results indicate that a new class of nuclear fusion occurs in the Pd:D and Pd:H systems.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=185
4510	Journal Article	Yamaguchi, E., Nishioka, T.	1990	Cold fusion induced by controlled out-diffusion of deuterons in palladium	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2, Vol = 29, Num = 4, Page = L666					Cold fusion induced by controlled out-diffusion of deuterons in palladium	Au-Pd, D2, heat, neutron, layer	A gigantic neutron burst of (1-2)?10^6 n/s has been detected from deuterated Pd plates with heterostructures set in a vacuum chamber. An explosive release of D2 gas, biaxial bending of all the samples, and excess heat evolution were also observed at the same time. It has been concluded that these phenomena are caused by the cooperative production of D accumulation layers at Pd surfaces due to controlled out-diffusion of D-atoms.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/YamaguchiEcoldfusion.pdf
4509	Conference Proceedings	Yamaguchi, E., Nishioka, T.	1990	Nuclear Fusion Induced by the Controlled Out-Transport of Deuterons in Palladium	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 354	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Nuclear Fusion Induced by the Controlled Out-Transport of Deuterons in Palladium	Pd, D2, neutron, heat, theory, layer, Au-Pd, electrolysis
4508	Conference Proceedings	Yamada, H., Narita, S., Taniguchi, S., Ushirozawa, S., Kurihara, S., Higashizawa, M., Sawada, H., Itagaki, M., Odashima, T.	2005	Producing Transmutation Elements on Plain Pd-foil by Permeation of Highly Pressurized Deuterium Gas	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Producing Transmutation Elements on Plain Pd-foil by Permeation of Highly Pressurized Deuterium Gas	gas loading, transmutation
4507	Conference Proceedings	Yamada, H., Narita, S., Onodera, H., Suzuki, N., Tanaka, N., Nyui, T.	2003	Analysis By Time-Of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy For Nuclear Products In Hydrogen Penetration Through Palladium	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Analysis By Time-Of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy For Nuclear Products In Hydrogen Penetration Through Palladium	Pd, D2, transmutation, gas loading	Elemental analysis was performed for the palladium foil through which the hydrogen gas penetrated. We analyzed sample surface by Time-of-Flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy and searched for newly produced elements during the gas permeation process. Significant increase of the counts for Cr, Fe, Cu and Ag were found after the permeation. These elements could have been produced by nuclear transmutation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/YamadaHanalysisby.pdf
4506	Conference Proceedings	Yamada, H., Narita, S., Fujii, Y., Sato, T., Sasaki, S., Omori, T.	2002	Production of Ba and several anomalous elements in Pd under light water electrolysis	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Production of Ba and several anomalous elements in Pd under light water electrolysis 4055	transmutation, electrolysis, H2O, Pd, heat, Na2CO3
4505	Journal Article	Yamada, H., Uchiyama, K., Kawata, N., Kurisawa, Y., Nakamura, M.	2001	Producing a radioactive source in a deuterated palladium electrode under direct-current glow discharge	Fusion Technol., Vol = 39					Producing a radioactive source in a deuterated palladium electrode under direct-current glow discharge	glow discharge ion implanation Pd, D2 gamma emission film transmutation
4504	Conference Proceedings	Yamada, H., Narita, S., Inamura, I., Nakai, M., Iwasaki, K., Baba, M.	2000	Tritium Production in Palladium Deuteride/Hydride in Evacuated Chamber	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 341	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Tritium Production in Palladium Deuteride/Hydride in Evacuated Chamber	Pd, layer, MnO, D2, tritium, autoradiograph, transmutation, ICCF-8	The controlled out-diffusion method was employed to induce a nuclear reaction in a palladium (Pd) plate with a MnOx film. The time-resolved mass spectra for Pd deuteride revealed tritium (T) production during the out-diffusion experiment. Similar time behaviors of mass number 1-4 and 6 in the spectra was also observed for Pd hydride. Film blackening was observed for most Pd deuteride as well as Pd hydrides using a normal monochromatic negative photographic film. The radiation from the Pd plate consists of two kinds of components for a Pd hydride. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy has shown considerable increase in counts of Li for Pd hydride after the out-diffusion experiment.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/YamadaHtritiumpro.pdf
4503	Journal Article	Yamada, H., Fujiwara, T.	1998	Neutron emission from palladium point electrode in pressuriszed deuterium gas under DV voltage application	Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, Vol = 6, Num = 1, Page = 14					Neutron emission from palladium point electrode in pressuriszed deuterium gas under DV voltage application	gas discharge, Pd, D2, neutron, H2, transmutation
4502	Conference Proceedings	Yamada, H., Nonaka, H., Dohi, A., Hirahara, H., Fujiwara, T., Li, X., Chiba, A.	1996	Carbon Production on Palladium Point Electrode with Neutron Burst under DC Glow Discharge in Pressurized Deuterium Gas	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 610	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Carbon Production on Palladium Point Electrode with Neutron Burst under DC Glow Discharge in Pressurized Deuterium Gas	glow discharge	A point-to-plane electrode configuration in slightly pressurized deuterium gas for highly non-uniform electric field was employed to confirm the cold fusion phenomena under glow discharge condition. A neutron burst took place in 2 runs out of total 37 runs. Using an optical microscope, black deposit was observed to cover the tip surface of two positive electrodes. To the contrary, the tip surface of other 35 electrodes was observed to keep its beginning appearance. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy have revealed the black deposit to be carbon, mixed with palladium at the surface of palladium point electrode. The total amount of carbon impurity in the palladium electrode and in environment deuterium gas dose not account for the large amount of carbon on the tip surface of electrode.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=211
4501	Journal Article	Yamada, H., Nonaka, H., Dohi, A., Hirahara, H., Fujiwara, T., Li, X. Z., Chiba, A.	1996	Carbon Production on Palladium Point Electrode with Neutron Burst under DC Glow Discharge	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 55					Carbon Production on Palladium Point Electrode with Neutron Burst under DC Glow Discharge	transmutation, carbon, gas discharge, Pd
4500	Conference Proceedings	Yamada, H., Sugaya, N., Kamioka, T., Matsukawa, M., Fujiwara, T., Noto, K.	1992	Neutron Emission from Palladium Electrodes in Deuterium Gas under Highly Non-uniform Electric Field	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 465	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Neutron Emission from Palladium Electrodes in Deuterium Gas under Highly Non-uniform Electric Field	Gas discharge, Pd, neutron, D2, ICCF-3	The fusion reproducibility in palladium (Pd) has been searched with the detection of excess and neutron for point-to-plane electrode configuration in deuterium (D2) and in hydrogen (H2) gas atmosphere using a Pd, nickel (Ni) and tungsten (W) point. Excess neutron counts were observed using D2 loaded Pd points under DC high voltage applications. To the contrary, no count except background was observed with other points under the similar test condition. The observed highest counting rate was 61 counts for 10 seconds from the Pd is equivalent to the neutron emission of ~ 1?10 ^5 n/(s*cm^3). A DC discharge (<10 kV) between point (Pd) and plane (brass) electrodes in high pressure D2 (2 atm) produced neutrons. Points of Ni and W produced nothing.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=203
4499	Journal Article	Yague, A. R.	1990	Cold nuclear fusion and its history	Metal. Electr. (Spain), Vol = 54, Num = 618, Page = 134 (in Spanish)					Cold nuclear fusion and its history	review
4498	Journal Article	Yagi, M., Shiokawa, Y., Suzuki, S., Hara, M., Satoh, I., Masumoto, K., Mitsugashira, T.	1989	Measurement of neutron emission from a titanium-deuterium system	J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Vol = 137, Num = 6, Page = 411					Measurement of neutron emission from a titanium-deuterium system	titanium D2, neutron
4497	Journal Article	Yagi, M., Mitsugashira, T., Satoh, I., Hara, M., Shiokawa, Y., Inoue, K., Masumoto, K., Suzuki, S.	1989	Measurement of neutron emission from a SiO2-D2 system	J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., Vol = 137, Num = 6, Page = 421					Measurement of neutron emission from a SiO2-D2 system	SiO2, D2, neutron
4496	Conference Proceedings	Yabuuchi, N.	2005	Two Types of Nuclear Fusion in Solids	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Two Types of Nuclear Fusion in Solids	theory
4495	Conference Proceedings	Yabuuchi, N.	1992	Quantum Mechanics on Cold Fusion	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 641	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Quantum Mechanics on Cold Fusion	theory, ICCF-3	According to plasma thermonuclear fusion, the deutron collide with target deutron, needs high temperature thermal energy, because the deutron change thermal energy into movement energy. But, nuclear fusion based on the characteristic of deutron as wave which does not need hightemperature thermal energy. because amplitude of wave cause the nuclear fusion easy. and the amplitude of wave field of deautrons resulting in tunneling effect.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=376
4494	Journal Article	Xuwu, A., Yan, H., Han, B., Guo, D., Xie, D., Zhu, Q., Hu, R., An, X.	1991	Calorimetric investigation of electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 183					Calorimetric investigation of electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium	heat, D2O, electrolysis
4493	Journal Article	Xu, Y., Butt, A.	2005	Confirmatory experiments for nuclear emissions during acoustic cavitation	Nucl. Eng. Des., Vol = 235, Num = 10-12, Page = 1317-1324					Confirmatory experiments for nuclear emissions during acoustic cavitation	Sonofusion
4492	Conference Proceedings	Xu, J., Manghnani, M. H., Huang, N. Z., Gao, Q.	1990	D-D Distance in PdD0.4 at High Pressure	8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf., Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 91		Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822	Honolulu, HI	July 22-27, 1990	D-D Distance in PdD0.4 at High Pressure	PdD, distance, theory, high pressure
4491	Journal Article	Xiao, J., Li, P.	1999	The possibilities for initiation of the cold fusion of the deuterons in the hydrogen storage materials	Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 24					The possibilities for initiation of the cold fusion of the deuterons in the hydrogen storage materials	Review, discussion.
4490	Journal Article	Wyrzykowski, K., Baranowski, B.	1988	Pressure-Concentration Isotherms of Pd-H Thin Films up to 0.2 GPa of Gaseous Hydrogen	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 141					Pressure-Concentration Isotherms of Pd-H Thin Films up to 0.2 GPa of Gaseous Hydrogen	Pd, H, Phase Diagram, pressure
4489	Conference Proceedings	Wu, W., Li, X. Z., Du, J. H., Tian, J., Hao, J. Z., Ma, B., Chen, J. P., Liu, B., Lei, S. Y.	2002	Anomalous heat effect during permeation of deuterium gas through the palladium tube	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Anomalous heat effect during permeation of deuterium gas through the palladium tube 4054	diffusion, heat, permeation, IR camera, Pd
4488	Journal Article	Wu, B., Jin, S., Shang, F., Yao, D., Ding, Y., Yao, J., Yao, P.	1991	The SEM observation of palladium-deuterium system after the gas discharge process	Gaojishu Tongxun, Vol = 1, Num = 9, Page = 1 (in Chinese)					The SEM observation of palladium-deuterium system after the gas discharge process	gas discharge, surface analysis, Pd, D2, CR-39
4487	Journal Article	Wu, C. K., Yao, Y. T., Wang, C. W., Lin, E. K.	1989	Experimental observation of lack of room temperature fusion between palladium and heavy water	Hua Hsueh, Vol = 47, Num = 2, Page = 139 (in Chinese)					Experimental observation of lack of room temperature fusion between palladium and heavy water	electrolysis, Pd, heat- gamma emission
4486	Journal Article	Worsham, J. E., Wilkinson, M. K., Shull, C. G.	1957	Neutron-Diffraction Observations on the Palladium-hydrogen and Palladium-deuterium systems	J. Phys. Chem. Solids, Vol = 3					Neutron-Diffraction Observations on the Palladium-hydrogen and Palladium-deuterium systems	PdH, PdD, D2, H2, structure, neutron diffraction
4485	Conference Proceedings	Worledge, D. H.	1990	Technical Status of Cold Fusion Results	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 252	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	Technical Status of Cold Fusion Results	review, ICCF-1	Experimental results in cold fusion research up to the end of the 1989 are reviewed to gain a perspective on the credibility of the phenomena. The review does not attempt to be comprehensive but concentrates on the highest quality experiments claiming to give positive results. The results are used to formulate a strategy for continuing to support cold fusion research in 1990.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=271
4484	Conference Proceedings	Worledge, D. H.	1990	Technical Status of Cold Fusion Results and Meeting Summary	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 930	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Technical Status of Cold Fusion Results and Meeting Summary	history, review
4483	Journal Article	Woo, T.	2018	Analysis of Martian Nuclear Spacecraft Powered by Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 27					Analysis of Martian Nuclear Spacecraft Powered by Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs)	Energy, Low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs), Mars, Spacecraft	This paper presents a model to determine the optimum power source for a manned spacecraft to Mars; that is to say, the most economical and reliable power source. Low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) is evaluated for application to several areas including space travel, in which the vacuum of space cannot provide any propellant or other materials. It is assumed that LENR may become a practical source of useable energy. Several things must be considered for a successful journey from Earth to Mars, including the trip rout, the type of rocket, energy source, and the spacecraft speed. These are discussed for space travel using LENR. The velocity of the rocket increases as the mass flow rate decreases. The shortest route of a trip to Mars is selected to reduce cost.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedz.pdf#page=42
4482	Journal Article	Woo, T., Noh, S.	2011	Lattice Squeezed Nuclear Reaction (LSNR) of Power-Cell for Nanoscopic Investigations Using Ion Beam Injections	Int. J. Green Energy, Vol = 8					Lattice Squeezed Nuclear Reaction (LSNR) of Power-Cell for Nanoscopic Investigations Using Ion Beam Injections Theory	Lattice squeezed nuclear reaction Low energy nuclear reaction Transmutation
4481	Report	Wolfer, W. G.	1990	The Elastic Properties of Aged Tritides	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 2, Page = 105					The Elastic Properties of Aged Tritides	youngs Modulus, elastic. PdH, PdT
4480	Book	Wolf, K. L.	1993	Activation Data and Reaction Update	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 2, Page = 105		LANL Memo from T. Claytor			Editor, Series Activation Data and Reaction Update	transmutation
4479	Journal Article	Wolf, K. L., Packham, N. J. C., Lawson, D., Shoemaker, J., Cheng, F., Wass, J. C.	1990	Neutron emission and the tritium content associated with deuterium-loaded palladium and titanium metals	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 2, Page = 105					Neutron emission and the tritium content associated with deuterium-loaded palladium and titanium metals	tritium, electrolysis, Pd, D2O, neutron, critique, T/n
4478	Conference Proceedings	Wolf, W. L., Shoemaker, J., Coe, D. E., Whitesell, L.	1990	Neutron Emission from Deuterium-Loaded Metals	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 341	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Neutron Emission from Deuterium-Loaded Metals	neutron titanium, D2, Pd, D2O, electrolysis
4477	Conference Proceedings	Wolf, K. L., Whitesell, L., Jabs, H., Shoemaker, J.	1990	Tritium and Tritons in Cold Fusion	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 552	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Tritium and Tritons in Cold Fusion	Pd titanium, tritium, D2O, contamination, Charged Particle particle emission
4476	Conference Proceedings	Wolf, K. L., Lawson, D. R., Packham, N. J. C., Wass, J. C.	1989	A Search for Neutrons and Gamma Rays Associated with Tritium Production in Deuterated Metals	NSF/EPRI Workshop on Anomalous Effects in Deuterated Metals			Washington, DC	Oct.16-18, 1989	A Search for Neutrons and Gamma Rays Associated with Tritium Production in Deuterated Metals	Pd D2O, Tritium neutron, gamma emission
4475	Journal Article	Witherspoon, M. C., Johnston, R. C., Lewis, F. A.	1975	The Steady-State Hydrogen Content of Catalytically Active Noble Metal Cathodes During Hydrogen Bubble Evolution at High Current Densities	Electrochim. Acta, Vol = 20					The Steady-State Hydrogen Content of Catalytically Active Noble Metal Cathodes During Hydrogen Bubble Evolution at High Current Densities	overVoltage, H2O, Pd, loading
4474	Journal Article	Witherspoon, T. C., McFall, W. D., Lewis, T. C.	1973	Absorption of Hydrogen by Palladium/Rhodium Alloys and the Possible Existence of b-Phase Rhodium Hydride	Nature Phys. Sci., Vol = 242					Absorption of Hydrogen by Palladium/Rhodium Alloys and the Possible Existence of b-Phase Rhodium Hydride	Pd-Rh, Phase Diagram, pressure, H2, structure
4473	Journal Article	Wisniewski, R., Rostocki, A. J.	1971	Hall Effect in the Pd-H System	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 3, Num = 2, Page = 251					Hall Effect in the Pd-H System	Hall Effect, Pd, H, Effective Electrons, H/Pd
4472	Journal Article	Wipf, H., Erckman, V.	1976	On Permeation Techniques for Electrotransport Studies on Metal-Hydrogen Systems	Scr. Metall., Vol = 10					On Permeation Techniques for Electrotransport Studies on Metal-Hydrogen Systems	V, Nb, Ta, H, charge, electromigration
4471	Journal Article	Wilson, R. H., Bray, J. W., Kosky, P. G., Vakil, H. B., Will, F. G.	1992	Analysis of experiments on the calorimetry of LiOD-D2O electrochemical cells	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 332					Analysis of experiments on the calorimetry of LiOD-D2O electrochemical cells	critique, heat, Fleischmann, electrolysis, Pd, heat, D2O
4470	Journal Article	Williams, D. E. G., Findlay, D. J. S., Craston, D. H., Sene, M. R., Bailey, M., Croft, S., Hooton, B. W., Jones, C. P., Kucernak, A. R. J., Mason, J. A., Taylor, R. I.	1989	Upper bounds on 'cold fusion' in electrolytic cells	Nature (London), Vol = 342					Upper bounds on 'cold fusion' in electrolytic cells	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, heat, neutron, tritium, critique, Harwell
4469	Journal Article	Will, F. G.	1997	Hydrogen + oxygen recombination and related heat generation in undivided electrolysis cells	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 426					Hydrogen + oxygen recombination and related heat generation in undivided electrolysis cells	Theory, recombination, electrolysis, Pd, D2O, critique, Jones
4468	Journal Article	Will, F. G., Cedzynska, K., Linton, D. C.	1993	Reproducible tritium generation in electrochemical cells employing palladium cathodes with high deuterium loading	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 360					Reproducible tritium generation in electrochemical cells employing palladium cathodes with high deuterium loading	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, tritium, H2O, loading	Reproducible tritium generation well above background has been observed in tightly closed D2SO4-containing cells in four out of four Pd wire cathodes of one type. Tritium analysis was performed before and after each experiment on the Pd, the electrolyte and the gas in the head space. No tritium generation was observed in four identical Pd cathodes in H2SO4 cells operated at the same time under the same conditions. A cyclic loading-unloading regime with low current densities, rather than the usual continuous constant current regime, was employed to attain D/Pd and H/Pd loadings of 1 ? 0.05 reproducibly. D/Pd loadings greater than 0.8 ?0.05 appear to be necessary to generate tritium. The largest amount of tritium, generated in 7 days of continuous electrolysis, was 2.1 x 10E11 tritium atoms, compared with a background of 4 x 10E9 tritium atoms. The concentration of tritium and its axial distribution in the Pd were determined and concentrations of up to 9 x 10E10 atoms/g Pd were found compared with a maximum background of 5 x 10E8 atoms g-1. The T/D ratio in the Pd is about 100 times larger than in the electrolyte or gas and indicates that tritium generation occurs in the Pd interior rather than at its surface. No tritium generation was observed in two other types of Pd electrodes in D2SO4, despite the attainment of D/Pd ratios near 1:1. Thus high D/Pd ratios appear to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for tritium generation in D2SO4 electrolysis. Experiment particle Reproducible generation of tritium during the electrolysis of heavy water is reported here; it takes place when loading ratios D/Pd near unity are achieved. A closed cell design is used, with gas recombination, and the head space analysed for tritium before and after electrolysis. A light water cell in series with the heavy water cell was run every time as a control; there were also Pd controls. A glass frit was used to physically separate the liquid cathode and anode compartments. The electrolyte was 0.5 M D2SO4, to avoid alkali leaching of the cell walls by LiOD. Cathodes were 1 and 2 mm cold-drawn Pd wire, and 2x0.5 mm cold-rolled ribbon Pd alloyed with 5% Li. To achieve high loading, repeated charging and discharging at low current densities were required (described in a patent appl.). Only the 2 mm Pd wires produced T, and none was produced in the control cells. Enhancement factors, that is T(after)/T(before) of up to 50-60 were found in the four successful runs, and amount to around 10^5 T atoms/cm^2/s, or of the order of 10^11 atoms/cm^2 over the whole run; a survey of previous work by others (10 groups) shows a range of 10^9 - 10^15 T/cm^2. Most of the T is in the liquid phase; but the four Pd wires that were successful also had more tritium inside the PdD after the experiment than before, so this must have a nuclear origin.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WillFGreproducib.pdf
4467	Conference Proceedings	Will, F. G., Cedzynska, K., Linton, D. C.	1993	Tritium Generation in Palladium Cathodes With High Deuterium Loading	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 8		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Tritium Generation in Palladium Cathodes With High Deuterium Loading	tritium, Pd, D2O, contamination, D/Pd, electrolysis, ICCF-4	Tritium up to fifty times background has been observed upon electrolyzing 1N D2 SO4 in four out of four cells when using Pd cathodes 'of a certain type'. No tritium was detected in four control cells, containing H2S04 in H2O, employing Pd cathodes cut from the same wire spool. Tritium amounts were from 7 x 10^10 to 2.1 x 10^11 atoms, corresponding to average generation rates from 5.1 x 10^4 to 2 x 10^5 atoms/sec/cm^2. In all cases, D/Pd and H/Pd loadings of 1 ? 0.05 were attained. A cyclic loading/unloading regime rather than the usual continuous constant current regime was applied to attain these high loadings. Tritium analysis was performed in Pd, electrolyte and the gas head space of the sealed cells. Maximum tritium concentrations of 8.9 x 10^10 atoms/g Pd, 180 times the detection limit, were found in the D-loaded Pd cathodes, none in the Η-loaded Pd, Also, no tritium within detection limit was found in 150 unused Pd pieces. Of these, 13 were cut randomly from the same wire spool as the four D-loaded Pd cathodes. The probability that the tritium in the latter was due to random spot contamination is computed as 1 in 2,380. It is concluded that the tritium was generated by nuclear reactions in the Pd. However, no tritium was detected in four D-loaded Pd cathodes of a different type in spite of attaining loadings D/Pd = 1. Different metallurgical history and impurity contents may play an important role.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WillFGtritiumgen.pdf
4466	Conference Proceedings	Will, F. G., Cedzynska, K., Yang, M. C, Peterson, J. R., Bergeson, H. E., Barrowes, S. C., West, W. J., Linton, D. C.	1991	Studies of Electrolytic and Gas Phase Loading of Palladium with Deuterium	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 373	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Studies of Electrolytic and Gas Phase Loading of Palladium with Deuterium	Pd, D2O, D, tritium, loading, neutron, electrolysis, ICCF-2, heat	Highlights are presented of recent results obtained on deuterium and hydrogen loading of palladium both in electrolytes and in the gas phase. Reproducible tritium generation has been found on palladium cathodes with deuterium loadings approaching one deuterium atom per palladium atom. Tritium generation has been observed on four out of four such highly loaded cathodes. No tritium has been observed in four light water control cells operating simultaneously. Total tritium analysis was performed on all hermetically sealed cells before and after each experiment. Tentative evidence is presented for neutron generation and a single anomalous heat excursion. A novel high-pressure electrochemical cell is also described which employs a fuel cell approach, thereby avoiding oxygen evolution. Two anomalous heat excursions have been observed in this cell with excess power values up to 30%. Gas phase experiments of the Wada-type have been performed on palladium, using electrical discharges to activate the palladium. Neutron bursts up to 280 neutrons in 128 microseconds and tritium enhancements in the palladium of up to 25X background have been observed in the palladium. In both electrolytic and gas phase experiments, the tritium distribution in the palladium wires was found to be non-uniform.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WillFGstudiesofe.pdf
4465	Report	Will, F. G.	1990	Groups Reporting Cold Fusion Evidence	Nukleonika, Vol = 35, Num = 7-9, Page = 175		National Cold Fusion Institute	Salt Lake City, UT	September 12, 1990	Groups Reporting Cold Fusion Evidence	Review	A table showing 92 groups from 10 countries that reported replications of cold fusion by September 12, 1990. Published by the National Cold Fusion Institute. This table reproduced from Mallove, E., Fire From Ice. 1991, NY: John Wiley, pp. 246-248	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WillFGgroupsrepo.pdf
4464	Journal Article	Wilhelmi, Z., Szeflinski, Z., Tarasiuk, J., Turowiecki, A., Zlomanczuk, J.	1990	Search for neutron emission in the deuterium-palladium system	Nukleonika, Vol = 35, Num = 7-9, Page = 175					Search for neutron emission in the deuterium-palladium system	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, neutron, gamma emission H2O
4463	Newspaper Article	Wiley, W.	1994	Utah scientists research cold fusion in France	The Denver Post			DenverEditor		Utah scientists research cold fusion in France	history
4462	Journal Article	Wiesmann, H.	1990	Examination of cathodically charged palladium electrodes for excess heat, neutron emission, or tritium production	Fusion Technol., Vol = 17					Examination of cathodically charged palladium electrodes for excess heat, neutron emission, or tritium production	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, heat-, neutron, tritium
4461	Journal Article	Widom, A., Larsen, L.	2006	Ultra low momentum neutron catalyzed nuclear reactions on metallic hydride surfaces	Eur. Phys. J. C, Vol = 46, Num = 1, Page = 107-111					Ultra low momentum neutron catalyzed nuclear reactions on metallic hydride surfaces	Theory
4460	Report	Wickenden, D. K., Reifenschweiler, O.	1961	Some Investigations into the Bremsstrahlung of Tritium	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1, Vol = 30		Philips Corporation			Library, Repository hosted by TU Delft Some Investigations into the Bremsstrahlung of Tritium	titanium, tritium, reduced radioactivity	This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library: http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:48116fe3-dadb-481e-b282-cea0bb47609e/tn2014-00263.pdf The internal and external bremsstrahlung of tritium have been investigated by a new method, using titanium-tritium films. A great discrepancy was found between the experimental results and the theory. The experimental values of the ratio I-EBS were between four and thirty times lower than the ratio I-IBS predicted by theory. This discrepancy may be due either to the generation of characteristic x-radiation in the experimental arrangement used or to the fact that the theory is not applicable to tritium on account of its extremely low atomic number and beta-ray energy. The wide scatter in the experimental results may likewise be due to the generation of characteristic x-radiation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WickendenDsomeinvest.pdf
4459	Book	Wicke, E., Brodowsky, H., Zichner, H.	1978	Hydrogen in Metals II Hydrogen in palladium and palladium alloys	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1, Vol = 30	Alefeld, G., V???kl, J.	Springer-VerlagWicke, E.	Berlin		Hydrogen in Metals II Hydrogen in palladium and palladium alloys	Pd, phase Diagram, H, loading, pressure
4458	Journal Article	White, C. T., Brenner, D. W., Mowrey, R. C., Mintmire, J. W.	1991	D-D (H-H) interactions within the interstices of Pd	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1, Vol = 30					D-D (H-H) interactions within the interstices of Pd	theory, review, critique	This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins: Embedded atom, local-density-functional, and Hartree-Fock methods are used to calculate the effective interaction between deuterium (or equivalently within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation hydrogen) nuclei within palladium. No effects were found to suggest that the repulsion between deuterons in gas phase D2 is reduced within the octahedral and tetrahedral interstices of this transition metal.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WhiteCTddhhintera.pdf
4457	Journal Article	White, C. T., Dunlap, B. I., Brenner, D. W., Mowrey, R. C., Mintmire, J. W.	1990	Limits of chemical effects on cold fusion	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 3, Page = 363					Limits of chemical effects on cold fusion	theory, distance
4456	Journal Article	Whaley, K. B.	1990	Boson enhancement of finite-temperature coherent dynamics for deuterium in metals	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 41, Num = 6, Page = 3473					Boson enhancement of finite-temperature coherent dynamics for deuterium in metals	theory, screening
4455	Report	Werth, J., Hunter, G. W., R. , P. G., Balko, E. N.	1990	Experimental Investigations into the Pons-Fleischmann Effect	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					Experimental Investigations into the Pons-Fleischmann Effect	Pd, D2O, heat+, electrolysis
4454	Journal Article	Werle, H., Fieg, G., Lebkuecher, J., Moeschke, M.	1989	Trials to induce neutron emission from a titanium-deuterium system	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					Trials to induce neutron emission from a titanium-deuterium system	titanium D2, neutron
4453	Conference Proceedings	Werjefelt, B.	1995	Energy From Magnetic Materials/Magnetic Fields	IAP Program on Cold Fusion			MIT	Jan. 21, 1995	Energy From Magnetic Materials/Magnetic Fields	magnetic energy, zero point
4452	Journal Article	Wenzl, H.	1989	Fruitless experiments to prove 'cold nuclear fusion'	Phys. Bl., Vol = 45					Fruitless experiments to prove 'cold nuclear fusion'	critique, Fleischmann
4451	Journal Article	Wendt, G. L., Irion, C. E.	1922	Experimental attempts to decompose tungsten at high temperatures	Science, Vol = 55, Num = 1425, Page = 422-423					Experimental attempts to decompose tungsten at high temperatures	Transmutation
4450	Journal Article	Welborn, V.	1991	The cold fusion story: A case study illustrating the communication and information seeking behavior of scientists	Sci. Technol. Librarian, Vol = Spring					The cold fusion story: A case study illustrating the communication and information seeking behavior of scientists	history
4449	Magazine Article	Weinberger, S.	2004	Warming Up to Cold Fusion	Washington Post Magazine				November 21, 2004	Warming Up to Cold Fusion	Review	Peter Hagelstein is trying to revive hope for a future of clean, inexhaustible, inexpensive energy. Fifteen years after the scientific embarrassment of the century, is this the beginning of something?	A description of DoE review panel. Article begins: 'Peter Hagelstein is trying to revive hope for a future of clean, inexhaustible, inexpensive energy. Fifteen years after the scientific embarrassment of the century, is this the beginning of something . . .' http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Weinbergerwarmingupt.pdf
4448	Conference Proceedings	Wei, Q., Rao, Y. C., Zheng, S., Luo, D. L., Li, X. Z.	2007	Element Analysis of the Surface Layer on the Pd and Pd-Y Alloy after Deuterium Permeation	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals			Sicily, Italy		Element Analysis of the Surface Layer on the Pd and Pd-Y Alloy after Deuterium Permeation	Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Pd, Pd-Y, ToF-SIMS, deuterium permeation, Transmutation	ToF-SIMS analysis showed that new elements appeared on the surface layer of a palladium sample and on a palladium-yttrium alloy sample after permeation of deuterium through the surface. It agrees with the similar experimental results at the Advanced Technology Research Center, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Our experiment showed that this phenomenon may appear at higher temperatures even when there is no multiple layer coating on the sample surface.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ISCMNSproceeding.pdf#page=360
4447	Conference Proceedings	Wei, Q., Li, X. Z., Liu, B., Mueller, N., Schoch, P., Orhre, H.	2005	High Resolution Mass Spectrum for D2 (H2) Gas Permeating Palladium Film	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	High Resolution Mass Spectrum for D2 (H2) Gas Permeating Palladium Film	loading
4446	Conference Proceedings	Wei, Q., Liu, B., Mo, Y., Zheng, S., Cao, D. X., Wang, X., Tian, J.	2004	Deuterium (Hydrogen) Flux Permeating through Palladium and Condensed Matter Nuclear Science	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Deuterium (Hydrogen) Flux Permeating through Palladium and Condensed Matter Nuclear Science	theory	Deuterium (hydrogen) flux permeating palladium has been analyzed using mass spectroscopy (SRS RGA200) in a new apparatus. The 'mass 6' component has been confirmed again. It is found that Langevin rate of D3+ generation in the mass spectrometer plays an important role. However, 'mass 6' component cannot be attributed to D3+ only. The palladium plays an important role as well. The mixture of deuterium and hydrogen gas has been used to test the prediction of resonant tunneling theory as well.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WeiQdeuteriumh.pdf
4445	Conference Proceedings	Wei, Q., Li, X. Z., Cui, Y.O.	2003	Excess Heat In Heavy Water--Pd/C Catalyst Cathode (Case-Type) Electrolysis At Temperatures Near The Boiling Point	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Excess Heat In Heavy Water--Pd/C Catalyst Cathode (Case-Type) Electrolysis At Temperatures Near The Boiling Point	catalyst, Pd
4444	Conference Proceedings	Wei, Q., Cui, Y.O., Pan, G. H., Deng, X. Q., Li, X. Z.	2002	Excess heat in Pd/C catalyst electrolysis experiment (Case-type cathode)	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Excess heat in Pd/C catalyst electrolysis experiment (Case-type cathode) 4053	heat, electrolysis, D2O, Case catalyst	At high temperatures, the Pd/C catalyst cathode (Case-type) electrolysis in heavy water might produce more excess heat than at room temperature. While the 'excess heat' in Case-type experiment was apparently confirmed at the higher temperature, the method raised new problems with electrolysis near boiling temperatures.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WeiQexcessheat.pdf
4443	Journal Article	Wei, S. H., Zunger, A.	1990	Stability of atomic and diatomic hydrogen in fcc palladium	Solid State Commun., Vol = 73					Stability of atomic and diatomic hydrogen in fcc palladium	theory, distance, lattice parameter
4442	Journal Article	Wei, S. H., Zunger, A.	1990	Instability of diatomic deuterium in fcc palladium	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 4, Page = 367					Instability of diatomic deuterium in fcc palladium	theory, distance, structure, PdH
4441	Journal Article	Weber, S. E., Liu, F. S., Khanna, S. N., Rao, B. K., Jena, P.	1991	Theory of hydrogen pairing in metals	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 172-174					Theory of hydrogen pairing in metals	theory, H pairing, PdH2
4440	Journal Article	Weaver, C., Prelas, M. A., Shimn, J., Kasiwattanawut, H., Gangopadhyay, S., Mathai, C	2015	Investigation of Possible Neutron Production by D/Ti Systems under High Rates of Temperature Change	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					314 Investigation of Possible Neutron Production by D/Ti Systems under High Rates of Temperature Change	Keywords: Gas loading, Neutron production, Temperature shock, Titanium	This paper discusses recent attempts to reproduce thermal shock experiments from 1991 using additional diagnostics. This was motivated by an apparent series of neutron bursts which were observed during the deuterium loading of titanium powder at cryogenic temperatures. The neutron count rate and temperature measurements are presented for control and experimental trials. Some neutrons were observed during trials, but the magnitude of the burst which motivated this work could not be replicated. Control trials with inert gas, which should produce no reaction, also demonstrated neutron signal. Future experimental directions are also discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=321
4439	Journal Article	Weaver, C., Prelas, M. A., Kasiwattanawut, H., Shim, J., Watermann, M., Mathai, C, Gangopadhyay, S., Lukosi, E.	2015	Progress in Development of Diamond-based Radiation Sensor for Use in LENR Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					305 Progress in Development of Diamond-based Radiation Sensor for Use in LENR Experiments	Charged particle spectroscopy, Diamond sensors, Radiation detection	This work discusses the ongoing development of diamond-based radiation sensors for spectrometry within the environments found in low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) experiments. Specifically discussed are the efforts to demonstrate the robustness of palladium-electrode sensors. This includes fabrication methods, characterization and calibration techniques, and the results of deuterium gas loading trials which demonstrate performance throughout the entire test. The results are positive. One notable peak in the spectrometry results; additional trials are required to both determine the cause of this peak and determine which criteria.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=312
4438	Journal Article	Wayte, R.	2016	A Technique for Making Nuclear Fusion in Solids	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 18					36 A Technique for Making Nuclear Fusion in Solids	Nuclear fusion, Solid state	A technique is described for making nuclear fusion at room temperature by compressing a powder mixture comprising a deuteride and catalytic material. The result is explosive beyond known chemical reaction for the materials.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedq.pdf#page=41
4437	Conference Proceedings	Watanabe, K., Fukai, Y., Niimura, N., Konno, O.	1992	A Search for Fracture-Induced Nuclear Fusion in Some Deuterium-Loaded Materials	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 473	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	A Search for Fracture-Induced Nuclear Fusion in Some Deuterium-Loaded Materials	titanium, YBa2Cu3O7, D2, fractofusion, neutron ball mill friction ICCF-3	Attempts to detect neutron emission attributable to D-D nuclear fusion accompanying fracture of deuterium-loaded materials have been carried out using a ball mill specially designed for this purpose. Chips of Ti, Ti-alloys, Y and YBa2Cu3O7-x, loaded with deuterium were crushed in the ball mill to about 10 μm in size it about 60 or 120 minutes, and neutrons were counted by an array of 4 ~ 12 3He detectors surrounding the ball mill. The signal-counting efficiency was 0.3 ~ 4%. No positive signature has been obtained for the occurrence of fracture-induced fusion. A ball mill was used to crush various materials loaded with deuterium. No neutrons were detected.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=211
4436	Journal Article	Wasserman, A.	1992	Electrochemical method of reducing aluminum oxide and producing additional energy	Fusion Technol., Vol = 21					Electrochemical method of reducing aluminum oxide and producing additional energy	heat, Al, electrolysis
4435	Conference Proceedings	Warner, J., Dash, J., Frantz, S.	2002	Electrolysis of D2O With Titanium Cathodes: Enhancement of Excess Heat and Further Evidence of Possible Transmutation	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		Tsinghua Univ. Press	Beijing, China: Tsinghua University		Electrolysis of D2O With Titanium Cathodes: Enhancement of Excess Heat and Further Evidence of Possible Transmutation	titanium electrolysis D2O H2SO4 heat transmutation ICCF-9	Using Ti-Pt electrodes in closed electrolytic cells containing D2O-H2SO4 electrolyte, evidence for excess thermal power generation has been observed (i.e. Power out - Power in > 0).? It had been noted that experiments (8-cell) with smaller cathodes (larger perimeter to area ratio) performed better than experiments (SEC system) in which larger cathodes (smaller perimeter to area ratio) were used.? In an effort to increase the magnitude of the excess power output, slits were introduced into the larger cathodes to increase the perimeter to area ratio.? Two SEC systems were used during the course of these experiments.? Using data from the first SEC system we find that four of seven (57%) of the experiments with slit cathodes showed an excess thermal power, averaging 322 mW (ranging from 136 to 509 mW) and five of fourteen (36%) of the experiments with no cathode slits gave excess thermal power, averaging 171 mW (ranging from 115 to 233 mW).? Overall, 10 of 13 (77%) of the experiments with slit cathodes showed excess power while only 5 of 15 (30%) of the experiments with no slits in the cathodes showed excess power.? This result shows an increase in both the magnitude and reproducibility of the excess power output effect.? In addition, Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) was performed on several cathodes (post-experiment) where greater concentrations of unexpected elements are found in those cells that showed excess power compared to those cells that did not show excess power.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WarnerJelectrolys.pdf
4434	Conference Proceedings	Warner, J., Dash, J.	2000	Heat Produced During the Electrolysis of D2O with Titanium Cathodes	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 161	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Heat Produced During the Electrolysis of D2O with Titanium Cathodes	titanium, D2O, electrolysis, heat+, surface analysis transmutation ICCF-8
4433	Conference Proceedings	Warner, J., Dash, J.	1999	SEM and EDS Characterization of Titanium Cathodes Before and After Electrolysis in Heavy Water	Microscopy and Microanalysis			Portland, OR	August 1-5, 1999	SEM and EDS Characterization of Titanium Cathodes Before and After Electrolysis in Heavy Water	transmutation	A series of experiments were conducted with titanium cathodes and platinum anodes electrolyzed in heavy water-sulfuric acid electrolyte in closed cells. Each of the cathodes in these experiments was cut from the same titanium foil (99.99% Ti). Each cathode underwent a pre-experiment and a post-experiment SEM (ISI-SS40) and EDS (LINK AN10000) analysis. Of the eight experimental cathodes, three showed post-experimental evidence of localized chemical changes. This is consistent with other findings from this lab. Results obtained on one of these cathodes are presented here.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WarnerJsemandedsc.pdf
4432	Journal Article	Wark, A. W., Crouch-Baker, S., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L.	1996	The effect of ultra sound on the electrochemical loading of hydrogen in palladium	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 418					The effect of ultra sound on the electrochemical loading of hydrogen in palladium	loading, ultrasound, Pd, H2O
4431	Journal Article	Wang, X. F., Arata, Y.	2014	The Importance of the Removal of Helium from Nano-Pd Particles after Solid Fusion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					The Importance of the Removal of Helium from Nano-Pd Particles after Solid Fusion	Helium, Nano-Pd particles, Removal, Solid fusion	According to the measuring results of our paper presented at ICCF15 (2009), helium as an important evidence of solid-state fusion has been confirmed clearly by mass analyzer ??MS?.After one solid fusion cycle, the produced helium remained inside the particles. To measure the quantity of helium correctly, the residual helium inside these particles must be completely removed. However, it is not very easy. In this paper, one of the methods to solve the problem of the removal from the nano-Pd particle is discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=23
4430	Journal Article	Wang, D., Zhang, X.	2005	Experimental discovery of X-ray new spectral series and interpretation	High Power Laser Part. Beams, Vol = 17, Num = 9, Page = 1335-1340					Experimental discovery of X-ray new spectral series and interpretation	x-ray detection	Note: This paper is in Chinese. Here is the English abstract: Hydrogen (deuterium) gas discharge source was used to bombard target of non-crystalloid deuterate polyethylene　polymethylmethacrylate, etc. The scattering spectrum was measured. There are several sharp X-ray spectral lines on the scattering spectrum, but the primary spectrum of the discharge does not include these lines of the scattering spectrum. It is confirmed that they are neither the characteristic X-ray of C, O or other possible impurity element, nor diffractive spectral lines, nor the ?absorption cut off	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WangDexperiment.pdf
4429	Conference Proceedings	Wang, Q., Dash, J.	2005	Effect Of An Additive On Thermal Output During Electrolysis Of Heavy Water With A Palladium Cathode	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Effect Of An Additive On Thermal Output During Electrolysis Of Heavy Water With A Palladium Cathode	titanium, excess heat	A titanium additive to a heavy water-sulfuric acid electrolyte has been found to increase the thermal output during electrolysis with a palladium foil cathode.? Eight runs, about six hours each, over a period of 16 days, gave an average of 1.8 watt excess thermal power output compared with a light water control cell. This is about twice the excess obtained in co-deposition experiments. The excess thermal power output ranged from 0.5 ? 0.1 W to 2.6 ? 0.1 W, which was an average of about 17 % more than the input power. The additive apparently catalyzes heat producing reactions on the surface of the palladium. After electrolysis, the Pd cathode contained localized surface concentrations of Ag, Ni, Fe, Ti, S, and Pt.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WangQeffectofan.pdf
4428	Journal Article	Wang, T., Wang, Z., Chen, J., Jin, G., Piao, Y.	2000	Investigating the Unknown Nuclear Reaction in a Low-Energy (E<300 keV) p + T2Hx Experiment	Fusion Technol., Vol = 37					Investigating the Unknown Nuclear Reaction in a Low-Energy (E<300 keV) p + T2Hx Experiment	particle emission TiH ion bombardment helium
4427	Conference Proceedings	Wang, T., Zhu, Y., Wang, Z., Li, S., Zheng, S.	2000	Nuclear Phemonena in P+Ti2Hx Experiments	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 317	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Nuclear Phemonena in P+Ti2Hx Experiments	Ti, ion bombardment particle emission, H2, TiH titanium, transmutation. ICCF-8
4426	Conference Proceedings	Wang, T., Ding, B., Wang, Z., Zheng, S., Hang, Y., Li, W.	2000	Study of the Deuterated Titanium Ti2Hx Samples by Using Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) and Materials Analysis Methods	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 323	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Study of the Deuterated Titanium Ti2Hx Samples by Using Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) and Materials Analysis Methods	titanium, TiH, surface analysis, loading ICCF-8
4425	Conference Proceedings	Wang, T., Ochiai, K., Wang, Z., Jing, G., Iida, T., Takahashi, A.	1998	Anomalous Radiation Induced by 1-300 keV Deuteron Ion Beam Implantation on Palladium and Titanium	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 490	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Anomalous Radiation Induced by 1-300 keV Deuteron Ion Beam Implantation on Palladium and Titanium	ion implantation, D2, Pd, titanium, particle emission X-ray ICCF-7	Low energy (1-300 keV) deuterium ion beam implantation experiment on Palladium and titanium foil (plate) were preformed, in order to study the nuclear and atomic interaction in solid. X-ray, gamma ray, charged particle and neutron ware measured simultaneously. A series of anomalous experimental phenomena ware observed. A clear peak at 3.2 MeV was observed, when a pre-loading TiDx was applied. This peak became evidently, following the implantation dose. Therefore, it is considered as the alpha peak from D-T secondary reaction. Its maximum ratio to D-D reaction reached 0. 0015. This ratio was much higher than prediction value based on the secondary reaction of D-D fusion. Some unknown high energy counts located from 3.5 MeV to 17 MeV in charged particle spectra has been observed for many times. Sometimes the counts concentrated in limited area, which appeared like a peak but poor statistics. The phenomena were difficult to be reproduced. In the X-ray spectra, there were many characteristic peaks from Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Zr, Ru, Pd etc elements. The gamma radiation up to 30 MeV was measured with a HpGe detector. Comparing to background, the intensity of foreground was a few orders higher. There was also a few counts distributed around 17 MeV and 24 MeV, which might be the gamma ray from D(d, gamm)4He reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=490
4424	Conference Proceedings	Wang, T., Ochiai, K., Maruta, K., Iida, T., Takahashi, A.	1998	Study of Possible Indirect Fusion Reaction in Solids	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 485	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Study of Possible Indirect Fusion Reaction in Solids	ion bombardment, particle emission, D2, ICCF-7	A broad unknown peak, which appeared between triton peak (lMe V) and proton peak (3MeJl) 0/ D-D reactions, was /requently observed in our deuterium ion beam implantation experiments with large current on metal targets (e.g. Pd). The peak could be seen in almost every run of experiment. The counts of this peak kept almost constant ratio (about 0. 07) with the D-D proton peak that took place within the deuteron implanting ?ange. Therefore, this unknown peak was considered as charged particle from unknown reaction (e.g. proton/rom D-D fusion) that occurred deeply (beyond the deuteron range) inside the palladium target plate. The reaction should be induced by some other trigger conditions except the direct beam-target effect of deuteron implantation. Similar phenomena were also observed, while the Ti. Fe, Ni. Cu and Mo foils (plates) were applied as targets, but the depth profiles of the reaction zones were quite different for different targets. Temperature of target has made some influence on reaction place. Both of cluster ion (D3+) and isolated deuteron (D+) beams were applied to the experiment. The results have shown that each isolated deuteron could induce higher rate of unknown reaction, compared with each deuteron of cluster ion beam. The experimental results show that the unknown reaction had some kind of dependence on ion states, target materials, temperature, deuterium loading ratio, etc. conditions. These factors are similar to the usually considered key factors in other type cold fusion experiments. There might be some relations between this unknown reaction and Cold Fusion phenomena, but further identification is necessary to find the origin of the peak and the relation with CF phenomena.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=485
4423	Conference Proceedings	Wang, T., Ochiai, K., Maruta, K., Datemichi, J., Sugimoto, H., Iida, T., Takahashi, A., Piao, Y.	1998	Nuclear and Atomic Cluster Effect of Deuterium Molecular Ion (D3+)	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 480	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Nuclear and Atomic Cluster Effect of Deuterium Molecular Ion (D3+)	ion bombardment, X-ray, cluster, D2, ICCF-7	The deuterium cluster ion beam (D3+) and deuteron beam (D+), which energy was adjusted from 10 keV to 100 keV per deuteron, were alternately implanted into palladium target, in order to study the atomic and nuclear cluster effect in the interaction between cluster ion and solid. The differences between the application of these two kind beams were obtained by comparing the radiation yields of X-ray, gamma-ray, charged particle and neutron induced by each deuteron of two kinds of beam at the same velocity. The fusion rate induced by each cluster-deuteron in the energy region below 40 keV/d was higher than that induced by each isolated deuteron at the same velocity. However the fusion rate induced by each cluster-deuteron was less in the energy region above 50 keV/d. Ratio of the fusion rate induced by each cluster deuteron to that induced by each isolated deuteron was energy dependent. The yield of X-ray induced by each cluster deuteron in the energy region from 10 keV/d to 100 keV/d was higher than that induced by each isolated deuteron at the same velocity. The average ratio of their X-ray yields is about 2.6. Based on above results, it is considered there might be an enhancement of interaction cross-section in both nuclear and atomic levels in lower energy region. If the size of cluster ion is grown, the enhancement might be increased more. Therefore, the concentrated deuterons (deuterium in larger clusterstate) could have some relations with 'cold fusion ' phenomena in high loading metal.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=480
4422	Journal Article	Wang, X., Tang, P., Zhang, W., Liu, H., Chen, Z., Li, Z., Zhou, C., Zhu, R., Ding, D.	1996	Time distribution of neutron burst in thermal D/soiled system	Chin. Sci. Bull., Vol = 41, Num = 1, Page = 73					Time distribution of neutron burst in thermal D/soiled system	titanium, D2, neutron
4421	Conference Proceedings	Wang, T., Piao, Y., Jin, G., Niu, Z., Hao, J., Wang, X.	1996	Interpretation of Excess Energy in Terms of Quasi-Atom Multi-body Model	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 405	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Interpretation of Excess Energy in Terms of Quasi-Atom Multi-body Model	theory, X-ray, ICCF-6	A quasi-atom multi-body model is proposed for interpreting excess energy in some 'cold fusion' experiments, based on analyzing experimental results. In such a quasi-atom, two nuclei rotate around a negative image center, which can be a complex effect of one or more electrons. Electrons could rotate around the axis connecting two nuclei in some orbits. In the process to form a quasi-atom, some energy may be emitted. There may be double hydrogen nuclei and metal-hydrogen double nuclei, two types of quasi-atoms in metal-hydrogen systems. Some theoretical estimation and approaches about structure and energy states have been presented for discussion purposes.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=420
4420	Conference Proceedings	Wang, T., Piao, Y., Hao, J., Wang, X., Jin, G., Niu, Z.	1996	Anomalous Phenomena in E<18 KeV Hydrogen Ion Beam Implantation Experiments on Pd and Ti	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 401	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Anomalous Phenomena in E<18 KeV Hydrogen Ion Beam Implantation Experiments on Pd and Ti	ion implantation, H2, Pd, titanium, particle emission, X-ray, neutron ICCF-6	Implantation experiments of very low energy (1KeV	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=416
4419	Journal Article	Wang, D., Chen, S., Li, Y., Wang, M., Fu, Y.	1995	Research and progress of nuclear fusion phenomenon at normal temperature	Trends Nucl. Phys., Vol = 12, Num = 4, Page = 31 (in Chinese)					Research and progress of nuclear fusion phenomenon at normal temperature	review, neutron, x-ray
4418	Journal Article	Wang, D., Chen, S., Li, Y., Liu, R., Wang, M., Fu, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, W.-S.	1993	Neutrons, gamma-rays and x-rays in a gas discharge	Yuanzi Yu Fenzi Wuli Xuebao, Vol = 10, Num = 3, Page = 2789 (in Chinese)					Neutrons, gamma-rays and x-rays in a gas discharge	gas discharge, D2, neutron, x-ray, gamma emission, Pd
4417	Conference Proceedings	Wang, X., Tang, P., Zhang, W., Liu, H., Lu, F., Chen, G., Liu, J., Chen, Z., Zhu, R.	1993	A New Device for measuring Neutron Bursts in Cold Fusion Experiments	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 23		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	A New Device for measuring Neutron Bursts in Cold Fusion Experiments	titanium D2, neutron, method ICCF-4
4416	Conference Proceedings	Wang, D. L., Chen, S. H., Fan, D., Chen, W. J., Li, Y. J., Fu, Y. B., Zhang, X.-W.	1992	Experimental Studies on the Anomalous Phenomenon in Pd Metal Loaded with Deuterium	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 169	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Experimental Studies on the Anomalous Phenomenon in Pd Metal Loaded with Deuterium	Pd, titanium, D2 D2O, neutron, tritium, electrolysis, X-ray ICCF-3	The anomalous phenomenon in metal loaded with deuterium has been studied, using the electrolysis and the cycle method of temperature and pressure (CMPT). In this report, the experimental results are introduced, including the explosion occurred, and neutron and tritium measured in electrolysis experiment. The sensitization phenomenon of x-ray film was found in CMPT experiment. It is considered that the reason of sensitization is derived from the chemical reaction and the anomalous effect in metal loaded with deuterium. Burst neutrons were produced from an electrolyzing Pd rod. Pd and Ti were gas loaded and temperature cycled. X-ray images were produced.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=175
4415	Conference Proceedings	Wang, K. L., Li, X. Z., Dong, S. Y., Wang, S. C., Mo, D. W., Luo, C. M., Lin, Q. R., Wu, X. D., Li, W. Z., Zhu, Y. F., Zhou, P. L., Chang, L.	1991	Search for Better Material for Cold Fusion Experiment Using CR-39 Detector	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 163	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Search for Better Material for Cold Fusion Experiment Using CR-39 Detector	D2, particle emission Pd titanium, CR-39 ICCF-2	It was noticed that most of the 'cold fusion' experiments were using palladium or titanium just based on the first set of experiments. However, based on our own experience the results of experiments depend heavily on each material. Even if for the same material, it seems that the performances of the materials from different manufactories are different. For example, the palladium film from Russia produced the greatest density of energetic charged particle tracks.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=178
4414	Conference Proceedings	Wang, C., Kang, T. S., Wang, K. L., Dong, S. Y., Feng, Y., Mo, D. W., Li, X. Z.	1991	Identification of the Energetic Charged Particles in Gas-Loading Experiment of 'Cold Fusion' Using CR-39 Plastic Track Detector	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 169	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Identification of the Energetic Charged Particles in Gas-Loading Experiment of 'Cold Fusion' Using CR-39 Plastic Track Detector	particle emission, Pd, titanium D2 CR-39 ICCF-2	Since observation of 'cold fusion' was claimed in 1 989, a great number of experiments have been done for verifying these claims. Most of laboratories were not able to reproduce the observations and among the results of experiments there are obvious inconsistencies. It has been realized that even if the 'cold fusion' happened, its signals would be quite weak. Thus for sake of confirming the presence of 'cold fusion', it is desirable to use detection techniques which have high collecting power, low background and can stably work for long time. CR-39 plastic track detector is able to work in passive and time-integrated modes and has a number of unique merits in comparison with electronic detectors. In gas-loading experiment, if a piece of CR -39 film is clamped on the surface of a metal foil of Pd or Ti, charged particles emitted by deuterated metal can be collected by the CR-39 foil with 2 pi solid angle. The information on charge, energy, location and direction of the emitted particles can be determined from track parameters.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=184
4413	Journal Article	Wang, R.	1990	Remarks on the possibility of cold fusion	Commun. Theor. Phys. (China), Vol = 13					Remarks on the possibility of cold fusion	theory, muon
4412	Journal Article	Wang, X. W., Louie, S. G., Cohen, M. L.	1989	Hydrogen interactions in PdHn (1 <= n <= 4)	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 40, Num = 8, Page = 5822					Hydrogen interactions in PdHn (1 <= n <= 4)	theory, distance
4411	Conference Proceedings	Wan, C. M., Lihn, C. J., Chin, Z. H., Liang, C. Y., Chen, S. K., Wan, C. C., Perng, T. P.	1992	Repeated Heat Bursts in the Electrolysis of D2O	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 75	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Repeated Heat Bursts in the Electrolysis of D2O	Pd, D2O, heat, stress, electrolysis, ICCF-3	Electrolysis of D2O with Pd rod was performed under static or dynamic charging condition. The current densities were increased in steps in a long duration of electrolysis. During static charging, the Pd electrode was removed from the cell and partially outgassed in air. Resumpt ion of the charging produced several repeated heat bursts. In the dynamic test, cyclic torsion was applied to the Pd electrode during the charging . No abnormal reaction was found during the torsion , but sometimes repeated occurrance of heat burst was observed after the cease of torsion. Possible causes for the heat bursts are proposed. Heat bursts were produced while charging and after partial deloading. The Pd was subjected to torsion stress.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=85
4410	Conference Proceedings	Wan, C. M., Chen, S. K., Liang, C. Y., Linn, C. J., Chu, S. B., Wan, C. C.	1992	Anomalous Heat Generation/Absorption in Pd/Pd/LiOD/D2O/Pd Electrolysis System	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 389	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Anomalous Heat Generation/Absorption in Pd/Pd/LiOD/D2O/Pd Electrolysis System	Pd, D2O, heat+, electrolysis, ICCF-3	The annealed PD cathode, which was deuterium-loaded for 3500 min, showed anomalous heat generation. Anomalous heat absorption was regularly repeated from 4000th to 7500th min of deuterium loading in the same cell. The current density was 2700 mA/cm^2. Total heat production was 0.3 to 3.3 MJ. He production of PD per-unit volume was 3.2 to 35.2 kJ/mm^3. Total absorption was 22 kJ and absorption density was 217 J/mm^3 in a typical absorption. An annealed Pd rod showed heat generation when charged at 270mA/cm^2.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=129
4409	Journal Article	Walters, R. T., Lee, M. W.	1990	Two Plateaux for Palladium Hydride and the Effect of Helium from Tritium Decay on the Desorption Plateau Pressure for Palladium Tritide	J. Less-Common Met.					Two Plateaux for Palladium Hydride and the Effect of Helium from Tritium Decay on the Desorption Plateau Pressure for Palladium Tritide	Pd, tritium, He, PdT, PdH, pressure, thermodynamic
4408	Journal Article	Walling, C., Simons, J.	1989	Two innocent chemists look at cold fusion	J. Phys. Chem., Vol = 93					Two innocent chemists look at cold fusion	theory, heavy electron
4407	Journal Article	Wallace, J. P., Wallace, M. J.	2020	Nuclear Structure and Cold Fusion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 30					Nuclear Structure and Cold Fusion	Cold fusion, Deuterium, Lattice, Metallurgy, Nuclear structure, Quantum mechanics	Combining advances in understanding the strong force with experiments on lattice fusion allows a description of lattice D? fusion to be constructed. What has to be exposed is a nuclear energy loss mechanism leaving little or no residual radioactivity. The requirements on the lattice for D? fusion are strict and appear to be limited to particular FCC lattices within a range of lattice parameters. A mechanical understanding is needed of how elevated local concentrations of deuterium are achieved while avoiding being trapped at defect sites. Using optical, RF, and experimental anomalous heat data the metallurgical requirements for the process is refined by considering a combination of diffusion, partial molar volume, positron annihilation data, defect kinetics, and electronic band structure allowing logical exhaustion to identify the kinetic structure that drives lattice nuclear fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzc.pdf#page=6
4406	Conference Proceedings	Wallace, J. P., Wallace, M. J.	2019	Einstein was Right	2019 LANR/CF Colloquium at MIT			Cambridge, MA		Einstein was Right	Theory	The most important problem confronting physics is to understand the nature of the quanta. His two efforts were on target: 1936 EPR showed quantum mechanics to be incomplete 1940-50s He searched for a method to unify the four forces. Subsequent Milestones 1964-1972 J. Clauser & S. Freedman using J. Bell's analysis showed hidden variables are not the answer and support the EPR paper's conclusions of strangeness with the loss of lab frame locality.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WallaceJPeinsteinwa.pdf
4405	Conference Proceedings	Wallace, K., Stringham, R.	2004	A Tribute To Gene Mallove - The 'Genie' Reactor	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		A Tribute To Gene Mallove - The 'Genie' Reactor	sonofusion	'Genie', a 40 KHZ sonofusion reactor consists of? 2 opposing 40 KHz piezos separated by 4 mm of D2O, with a centered Ti target foil, with one piezo transmitting, the other receiving and taking that signal, amplifying it, then feeding it back to the transmitter as the resonating frequency of the reactor.? This process makes for efficient watt input, Qi, where 80% of these watts will be used as the acoustic input, Qa, to the 'Genie' sonofusion reactor.? In the reactor the transient cavitation bubbles, TCBs, produce billions of low energy high density jets per second that accelerate deuterons into foil targets producing excess heat, Qx.?? The Qx is determined by calorimetric measurements of experiments that use coolant water circulated to the surface of the well insulated reactor and data collected in the form of T in and T out at steadystate temperatures and coolant flow rate.? The total watts out, Qo, minus Qa ideally should equal zero, and we know that this calorimetry method has several losses that are not measured.? This makes the method very conservative when looking for Qx.? The Qx must make up those heat losses before making its presence known.? The result from experiments of system I using flow x DT x 4.184 for Qo - Qi = Qx shows that Qx values over unity are the norm.? System II used a more realistic calculation for Qx where flow x DT x 4.184 for Qo - Qa = Qx showed increased results. The calibration of the reactor with a Joule heater, JH, and substituting H2O for D2O produced measurements that showed the reactor calorimetry was close to zero Qx production as one would expect.? These measurements showed that heat in = heat out, a good zero indicating no Qx, for the operation of the 'Genie' sonofusion reactor.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WallaceKatributeto.pdf
4404	Journal Article	Wakao, S., Ozeki, K., Sawa, H.	1990	Gamma-ray emission from hydrogen-absorbing metal cathodes in D2O	J. Adv. Sci., Vol = 2, Num = 3, Page = 149 (in Japanese with English abstract)					Gamma-ray emission from hydrogen-absorbing metal cathodes in D2O	Pd, titanium, Ni-Ti, Ni-V-Zr, D2O electrolysis, H2O, gamma emission
4403	Conference Proceedings	Waisman, J. L., Summerl, R. H.	1998	The pathway to commercial applications for the deuterium-palladium systems	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 414	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	The pathway to commercial applications for the deuterium-palladium systems	theory, ICCF-7	A 'macro view' of the cold fusion process in a Deuterium-Palladium System is presented which embraces the idea that there is both an enabling process and a heat-producing process. The enabling process is non-nuclear and is one of controlling the Deuterium (D) chemical potential. After surpassing a high threshold D chemical potential, some of the true deuterium reactants, Dx's, are able to form. The formation of the new Dx's involves a change of state of the D's which reduces their repulsion forces and increases the probability of spontaneous fusion events. Once some of the Dx's are in place, there, indeed, is coupling between the non-nuclear and nuclear processes as shown by the experimental measurement of the heat produced. In this paper, existing experimental data are used to show how to enable and control the heat-producing process. A gas-loading technique is employed to achieve the required high D chemical potential and a reactor design and development program is outlined.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=414
4402	Conference Proceedings	Waisman, J. L., Kertamus, N. J.	1993	Excess Heat; The Microprinciples	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 12		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Excess Heat; The Microprinciples	theory, ICCF-4
4401	Journal Article	Wagner, F. T., Moylan, T. E., Hayden, M. E., Naerger, U., Booth, J. L.	1990	A comparison of calorimetric methods applied to the electrolysis of heavy water on palladium cathodes	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 295					A comparison of calorimetric methods applied to the electrolysis of heavy water on palladium cathodes	heat, method, critique, electrolysis, Pd, D2O
4400	Report	Wagner, J. E.	1985	A Calorimetric Study of the Palladium Hydride and Deuteride Systems ( A Preliminary Report)	J. Phys. and Chem. Ref. Data, Vol = 11, Num = #2, Page = 238					A Calorimetric Study of the Palladium Hydride and Deuteride Systems ( A Preliminary Report)	Pd, Hydrogen, Deuterium, thermodynamic, Partial Enthalpy
4399	Journal Article	Wagman, D. D., Evans, W. H., Parker, V. B., Schumm, R. H., Halow, I., Bailey, S. M., Churney, K. L., Nuttall, R. L.	1982	The NBS Tables of Chemical Properties, Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units	J. Phys. and Chem. Ref. Data, Vol = 11, Num = #2, Page = 238					The NBS Tables of Chemical Properties, Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units	H, H2O, D, D2O, thermodynamic
4398	Journal Article	Wada, N.	1990	Possibility of room temperature nuclear fusion	Suri Kagaku, Vol = 330					Possibility of room temperature nuclear fusion	review
4397	Journal Article	Wada, N., Nishizawa, K.	1989	Nuclear fusion in solid	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, Vol = 28, Num = 11, Page = L2017					Nuclear fusion in solid	Pd, D2, gas discharge, neutron	This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins: Spontaneous neutron emissions were intermittently detected from activated palladium rods well soaked with deuterium gas in a closed glass bulb. By the stimulation of the palladium rods with a high voltage discharge between the rods, a burst of neutron flux 2 x 10^4 times larger than background was detected. Atoms or molecules of mass number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were found in the residual gas. Nuclear fusion in solid is interpreted in terms of the supersaturation of the solid solution of deuterium.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WadaNnuclearfus.pdf
4396	Conference Proceedings	Waber, J. T.	2002	Production of excess heat based on Bosons in, Bosons out principle	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Production of excess heat based on Bosons in, Bosons out principle 4051	theory, Bosons
4395	Conference Proceedings	Waber, J. T.	1998	Synthesis of the Theory of dd Fusion with the Solid State Theory of Bipolarons	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 409	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Synthesis of the Theory of dd Fusion with the Solid State Theory of Bipolarons	theory, ICCF-7	The fusion cross-section analysis of Hale and collaborators shows that the R-Matrix method yields information about reaction channels. Working with Shadow poles in the Reimann momentum plane, dd fusion could lead to the formation of an alpha particle without the release of a gamma ray or other charged particles. Current bi-polaron theories of high temperature superconductivity, provide for the proper quantum mechanical preparation of the deuterons in the lattice. In free space, there is no way to offset the repulsive potential of the bare charged particles and it can only be overcome by the kinetic energy of the particles, i.e. , by Gamow penetration. is involved. The compound ilUcleus cannot alone take up the momenta of the impinging deuterons. It must disintegrate into two fermions carrying away the momenta. However, in a solid state environment this is not case. The repulsive tid potential is offset by the enveloping electron cloud. The local potential at a deuteron site is highly screened. Two electrons in the bi-polaron theory, may form a highly localized pair occupying the same or nearby site.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=409
4394	Conference Proceedings	Waber, J. T., Egorova-Cheesman, O. L.	1995	Boson Condensation Involved in Radiation-Less Fusion. II. Spinodal Decomposition of Palladium/Palladium Deuteride System and the Andreev Effect	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 469	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Boson Condensation Involved in Radiation-Less Fusion. II. Spinodal Decomposition of Palladium/Palladium Deuteride System and the Andreev Effect	phase diagram, PdD, formation, theory, dislocation, ICCF-5	The palladium/palladium deuteride system has an immiscibility gap between two face centered cubic solutions which is the necessary condition for spinodal decomposition. The interface between the alpha and beta phases will contain a high concentration of dislocations to the coherency strains of the lattice prior to the actual separation and formation of the beta phase, as deuterium is introduced. Deuterium atoms will be trapped in these dislocations in the atomic diffusion significantly reduced.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=274
4393	Journal Article	Waber, J. T., de Llano, M.	1994	Cold Fusion as Boson Condensation in a Fermi Sea	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 496					Cold Fusion as Boson Condensation in a Fermi Sea	theory
4392	Conference Proceedings	Waber, J. T.	1992	Solid State Boson Condensation Model of Cold Fusion	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 627	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Solid State Boson Condensation Model of Cold Fusion	theory, boson, ICCF-3	This theoretical study is based on the second suggest ion of Leaf Turner which was independently developed by Chubb and Chubb. It lead to the selection rule, Bosons In, Bosons out, which helps to explain the low yield of tritons, protons, neutrons and 3He. The production of the boson 4He has now been correlated with simultaneous production of excess heat.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=362
4391	Journal Article	Waber, J. T., Elifritz, T. L.	1990	The OGG-Schafroth theory of high temperature superconductivity and its relation to cold fusion	Spectrum, Vol = 28					The OGG-Schafroth theory of high temperature superconductivity and its relation to cold fusion	theory
4390	Journal Article	Waanders, F. B., Smit, J. J. A.	1990	Koue kernsmelting' (Cold fusion)	Spectrum, Vol = 28					Koue kernsmelting' (Cold fusion)	Discussion
4389	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Vysotskyy, M., Kornilova, A. A., Gaydamaka, S., Novakova, A. A., Novikov, D. S., Avdonin, V. V.	2020	Creation of Fe Isotopes in Natural Geology Crusts as the Result of Self-controlled Global Biostimulated LENR in Oceans and Seas	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Creation of Fe Isotopes in Natural Geology Crusts as the Result of Self-controlled Global Biostimulated LENR in Oceans and Seas	Anomalies in the structure and isotopic ratio of iron-manganese crusts, Coherent correlated states and LENR, Isotope transmutation in seas and oceans	The paper considers the mechanism of formation of natural iron-manganese crusts, which are located at the bottom of all seas and oceans. These crusts are characterized by a periodic structure and an anomalous ratio of iron isotopes. These anomalies are similar in all seas and oceans and consist in excess of Fe54 and Fe56 isotope concentration and, accordingly, decrease of Fe57 isotope concentration compared to their standard values. It is shown that these anomalies are completely explained by the process of LENR (nuclear transmutation) in the bottom region of the seas and oceans, leading to nuclear fusion with the participation of manganese, sodium, and phosphorus and stimulated by the processes of natural metabolism of microbiological communities.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=329
4388	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Vysotskyy, M.	2020	Application of Correlated wave Packets for Stimulation of LENR in Remote Targets	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Application of Correlated wave Packets for Stimulation of LENR in Remote Targets	Coherent correlated states, Collapse of wave function, Correlated wave packet, LENR in remote targets	The paper discusses the features of the formation, evolution and propagation of coherent wave packets and their energy characteristics. Such packages can be created with a certain effect on a slow moving particles. A feature of such packets is a self-controlled remote collapse, in the zone of which there is a very strong self-compression of the packet and a giant	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=311
4387	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Vysotskyy, M., Kornilova, A. A., Krit, T., Gaydamaka, S., Hagelstein, P. L.	2020	Distant Behind-screen Action of Undamped Temperature Waves (Long-distance Propagation, X-ray Generation, LENR Stimulation)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Distant Behind-screen Action of Undamped Temperature Waves (Long-distance Propagation, X-ray Generation, LENR Stimulation)	Alpha particle generation, Coherent correlated states, LENR, Undamped temperature waves, X-ray generation	The physical mechanism of the generation, features of propagation and the possible use of undamped temperature waves are considered. The process of generation of these waves is related to the possibility of reversibility of local relaxation thermodynamic processes of heat transfer. In the course of experiments, it was shown that such waves can exist only at certain frequencies, depending on the relaxation time. The possibility of energy transfer using these waves over a long distance has been investigated. It is shown that using of these waves X-ray generation is possible, and effective stimulation of nuclear fusion in a TiD target located behind a thick metal screen which is remote from the wave source. In this work is also considered a possible physical mechanism for the realization of LENR reactions connected with the formation of coherent correlated states of interacting particles under the action of these temperature waves.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=302
4386	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Krit, T., Gaydamaka, S.	2019	Generation and Detection of Undamped Temperature Waves at Large Distance in LENR Related Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Generation and Detection of Undamped Temperature Waves at Large Distance in LENR Related Experiments	itation, Distant dd?usion, LENR, Temperature waves, Thermal relaxation	In this paper we describe the process of detecting undamped (self-channeled) high-frequency heat waves generated and propagated in air from the cavitation of a water jet in a closed chamber, and the results of action of these waves on low energy nuclear fusion in a remote deuterated polycrystalline titanium sample with grain sizes of not more than 50 microns. These waves are formed on the reverse side of the metal target, which is affected by the jet of water in a state of cavitation, and are characterized by strictly defined frequencies (in air under normal conditions and different humidity, the minimum frequency of such a wave is equal to MHz) [1?7] Such waves can propagate in air for a long distance (in the laboratory - more than 2 meters and this distance was limited only by the size of our laboratory). Under the influence of such waves to the remote target, effective quasicontinuous nuclear dd-fusion with a concomitant generation of alpha-particles process takes place.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=366
4385	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Vysotskyy, M., Bartalucci, S.	2019	Using the Method of Coherent Correlated States for Production of Nuclear Interaction of Slow Particles with Crystals and Molecules	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Using the Method of Coherent Correlated States for Production of Nuclear Interaction of Slow Particles with Crystals and Molecules	Coherent correlated states, Fusion on accelerated particles, LENR channels automatic sorting, LENR in gas and crystals	In this paper, the possibility and characteristics of effective nuclear fusion based on the interaction of low energy proton beams with the nuclei on a crystal surface or gas of free molecules are discussed. It is shown that this effect can be explained by the process of formation of coherent correlated states, which take place during the interaction of moving protons with lithium molecule.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=367
4384	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Vysotskyy, M.	2019	Effective LENR in Weakly Ionized Gas Under the Action of Optimal Pulsed Magnetic Fields and Lightning (Theory and Experiments)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Effective LENR in Weakly Ionized Gas Under the Action of Optimal Pulsed Magnetic Fields and Lightning (Theory and Experiments)	Coherent correlated states, LENR in gas, Lightning, Nuclear transmutation of isotopes	The features and mechanism of LENR production in a system of free particles under the action of a weak impulse (e.g., the action of a pulsed magnetic field) are considered. It is shown that in such a system effective formation of coherent correlated states of particles with the accompanying very sharp increase in the energy fluctuations take place. The amplitude of these fluctuations exceeds by many orders the average thermal energy of the particles and can reach 10?50 keV and more. This mechanism fully explains the nuclear reaction both in the atmosphere during a lightning discharge, and laboratory experiments conducted using electric discharges.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=357
4383	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A.	2019	'Biological Transmutation' of Stable and Radioactive Isotopes in Growing Biological Systems	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 28					'Biological Transmutation' of Stable and Radioactive Isotopes in Growing Biological Systems	Coherent correlated states, Deactivation of radioactive waste, Isotope transmutation, Low energy nuclear reactions, Synthrophic microbiological associations	The prehistory, present state and prospects of transmutation of stable and radioactive isotopes in growing biological objects are considered. The biological and physical causes of this phenomenon are briefly considered. It is shown that the most likely physical mechanism for the production of nuclear reactions in biological systems is the process of formation of coherent correlated states of interacting particles. This process is accompanied by giant energy fluctuations, which can exist for a long time, sufficient to produce nuclear reactions. This process happens automatically in non-stationary potential wells, which are formed during cell division, DNA replication, at the entrance to plasma ion channels and in other places of growing objects.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedza.pdf#page=13
4382	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A.	2015	Microbial transmutation of Cs-137 and LENR in growing biological systems	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					636 Microbial transmutation of Cs-137 and LENR in growing biological systems
4381	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Vasilenko, A. O.	2015	Observation and investigation of anomalous X-ray and thermal effects of cavitation	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					608 Observation and investigation of anomalous X-ray and thermal effects of cavitation
4380	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Vysotskii, M.	2015	Coherent correlated states of interacting particles ? the possible key to paradoxes and features of LENR	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					524 Coherent correlated states of interacting particles ? the possible key to paradoxes and features of LENR
4379	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Chernysh, V.	2014	Features and Giant Acceleration of 'Warm' Nuclear Fusion at Interaction of Moving Molecular Ions (D-...-D)+ with the Surface of a Target	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					Features and Giant Acceleration of 'Warm' Nuclear Fusion at Interaction of Moving Molecular Ions (D-...-D)+ with the Surface of a Target	Moving nano-clusters, Correlated states, Neutron generation,Warm nuclear fusion	The nuclear interaction mechanism and optimization methods of (dd) synthesis under bombardment of solid targets by linear oriented molecular ions consisting of a few deuterium atoms (nano-clusters) are discussed. Preliminary results on observation of optimized d + d = He3 + n reaction during collective interaction are presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=613
4378	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Vysotskyy, M., Adamenko, S.	2014	Application of Correlated States of Interacting Particles in Nonstationary and Periodical Modulated LENR Systems	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					624-636 Application of Correlated States of Interacting Particles in Nonstationary and Periodical Modulated LENR Systems	Coherent correlated states, LENR, Transparency of Coulomb potential barrier	In the report the universal mechanism of optimization of low energy nuclear reactions on the basis of coherent correlated states of interacting particles at different kinds of nonstationary periodical action to the system is considered. We have considered the peculiarities and investigated the efficiency of the creation of a correlated state under a periodic action on a harmonic oscillator. This method is shown to lead to rapid formation of a strongly correlated particle state that provides an almost complete clearing of the potential barrier even for a narrow range of oscillator frequency variations. Several successful low energy fusion experiments based on usage of correlated states of interacting particles are discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=634
4377	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Chernysh, V., Gavrilova, N., Lotonov, A.	2014	Stimulated (B^11 p) LENR and Emission of Nuclear Particles in Hydroborates in the Region of Phase Transfer Point	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 13 (2014) 608–614			Moscow		Stimulated (B^11 p) LENR and Emission of Nuclear Particles in Hydroborates in the Region of Phase Transfer Point	LENR, Hydroborates, Nuclear fusion	In this work, we consider the characteristics of proton (hydrogen) processes that take place in a special class of crystals (hydroborates), linked to the task of isolating and separating hydrogen and nuclear fusion with the participation of hydrogen. Preliminary results on observation of stimulated B11 + p = He4 + delta-E reaction in hydroborates are presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=618
4376	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V.	2014	On Problems of Widom-Larsen Theory Applicability to Analysis and Explanation of Rossi Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					615-623 On Problems of Widom-Larsen Theory Applicability to Analysis and Explanation of Rossi Experiments	Inverse beta-decay, LENR, Ponderomotive force, Rossi experiments,Widom?arsen theory	The effectiveness and possibility of application of Widom-Larsen (W-L) theory for explanation of Rossi experiments on stimulation of (p, Ni^A) low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) is analyzed. The carried out analysis has shown that W-L theory, which is connected with the inverse reaction of beta-decay in variable electric field of surface plasmon in metal hydride, is unsuitable for the description and explanation of Rossi experiments in metal hydrides.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=625
4375	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V.	2013	The Problem of Creating a Universal Theory of LENR	Infinite Energy					30 The Problem of Creating a Universal Theory of LENR theory	theory, critique	It is well known that the total probability of nuclear reactions with participation of charged particles is defined as the action of the Coulomb barrier. This fundamental limitation stimulates the use of fast particles in the composition of a thermonuclear plasma, which leads at once to the necessity to solve the extremely complicated technological problems related to the formation and confinement of such a plasma. It is also obvious that the choice of the ?hermonuclear? approach makes any attempt of using (under terrestrial conditions) the reactions of synthesis on the base of isotopes heavier than deuterium or tritium absolutely unreal.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/VysotskiiVtheproblem.pdf
4374	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Adamenko, S.	2012	Low-energy Subbarrier Correlated Nuclear Fusion in Dynamical Systems	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 8					91-104 Low-energy Subbarrier Correlated Nuclear Fusion in Dynamical Systems	Coherent correlated states, Schrodinger-Robertson uncertainty relation, Subbarrier low-energy reactions	In the work the method of formation of a correlated coherent states of nuclei in the nuclear-synthesis systems and application of the method for essential optimization of low-energy nuclear interaction are considered. The relation of the correlation coefficient of these nuclei to the probability of their passage through a Coulomb barrier in order to realize a nuclear reaction is studied. We have determined the form of such an optimum dependence of the correlation coefficient on time, at which the formation of a maximally correlated states of particles and the attainment of the maximum variance of their coordinates under a parametric pumping of a harmonic oscillator are possible. The conditions allowing the choice of those possible laws of variations of the frequency of a harmonic oscillator, which cause the formation of a correlated state, are established. The possible type of a parametric pumping which induces the fast asymptotic formation of the completely correlated state of a particle with giant increasing variance of the coordinate under the parabolic barrier and similar increasing of nuclear reactions probability are determined.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedg.pdf#page=97
4373	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A.	2011	Low-energy Nuclear Reactions and Transmutation of Stable and Radioactive Isotopes in Growing Biological Systems	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 4					Low-energy Nuclear Reactions and Transmutation of Stable and Radioactive Isotopes in Growing Biological Systems	Isotope transmutation, Low-energy reaction, Microbiological association	The report presents the results of combined (Mossbauer and mass-spectroscopy) qualifying examinations of stable isotope transmutation processes in growing microbiological cultures, in the iron-region of atomic masses. It is shown that transmutation during the process of growth of microbiological cultures, at optimal conditions in microbiological associations, is 20 times more effective than the same transmutation process in the form of ?ne-line' (clean) microbiological cultures. In the work, the process of direct, controlled decontamination of highly active intermediate lifetime and long-lived reactor isotopes through the process of growing microbiological associations has been studied. For the first time, an accelerated deactivation rate is observed that is 35 times larger than the controlled deactivation of the Cs137 isotope. A theoretical model of low-energy nuclear transmutation in biological objects	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedc.pdf#page=154
4372	Book Section	Vysotskii, V., Tashyrev, A., Kornilova, A. A.	2008	Experimental Observation and Modeling of Cs-137 Isotope Deactivation and Stable Isotopes Transmutation in Biological Cells	Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook		American Chemical Society	Washington, DC		ACS Symposium Series Experimental Observation and Modeling of Cs-137 Isotope Deactivation and Stable Isotopes Transmutation in Biological Cells			doi: 10.1021/bk-2008-0998.ch013 0-8412-6966-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2008-0998.ch013
4371	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Tashirev, A., Kornilova, J.	2005	Experimental Observation And Combined Investigation Of High-Performance Fusion Of Iron-Region Isotopes In Optimal Growing Microbiological Associations	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Experimental Observation And Combined Investigation Of High-Performance Fusion Of Iron-Region Isotopes In Optimal Growing Microbiological Associations	biological transmutation
4370	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Odintsov, A., Pavlovich, V., Tashirev, A., Kornilova, A. A.	2004	Experiments On Controlled Decontamination Of Water Mixture Of Long-Lived Active Isotopes In Biological Cells	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Experiments On Controlled Decontamination Of Water Mixture Of Long-Lived Active Isotopes In Biological Cells
4369	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A.	2004	The Spatial Structure Of Water And The Problem Of Controlled Low Energy Nuclear Reactions In Water Matrix	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		The Spatial Structure Of Water And The Problem Of Controlled Low Energy Nuclear Reactions In Water Matrix	theory	Ordinary water has a number of unique features, among which there are its stable spatial structure and long-term 'memory.' Numerous experiments confirm the existence of water memory, which is activated under the influence of various physical fields (e.g., magnetic field, mechanical impact, abrupt temperature or pressure change) and may store information about such influence for many hours and days. Such activated water has altered physical and chemical (including biochemical) features. An increasing number of reliable experiments show that the continuous model is inadequate for describing the structure of water.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/VysotskiiVthespatial.pdf
4368	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Shevel, V., Tashirev, A., Kornilova, A. A.	2003	Successful Experiments On Utilization Of High-Activity Waste In The Process Of Transmutation In Growing Associations Of Microbiological Cultures	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Successful Experiments On Utilization Of High-Activity Waste In The Process Of Transmutation In Growing Associations Of Microbiological Cultures	transmutation, biological, nuclear waste remediation	The problem of utilization of high-activity waste by effect of nuclear transmutation in growing associations of microbiological cultures was study. For the first time we have observed utilization of several kinds of highly active isotopes in the volume of distilled water extracted from first contour of water-water atomic reactor to nonradioactive nuclei.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/VysotskiiVsuccessful.pdf
4367	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Perfiliev, Y., Kulikov, L.	2003	The Theory And Experimental Investigation Of Controlled Spontaneous Conversion Nuclear Decay Of Radioactive Isotopes	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	The Theory And Experimental Investigation Of Controlled Spontaneous Conversion Nuclear Decay Of Radioactive Isotopes		This paper paper discusses the theory and results of a direct experimental investigation into the control of internal electron conversion channels of radioactive isotopes' spontaneous decay. This occurs by controlling the action of an oriented crystal matrix on the motion of conversion electrons. The same effect takes place at any beta-processes (including at decay of a neutron with an emission of electrons and neutrino). It was shown that parameters of internal electron conversion decay greatly depended on the structure of the crystal matrix and on the distance between the excited nucleus and the crystal matrix.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/VysotskiiVthetheorya.pdf
4366	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Samoylenko, I. I., Zykov, G. A.	2002	Catalytic influence of caesium on the effectiveness of nuclear transmutation on intermediate and heavy mass isotopes in growing biological cultures	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Catalytic influence of caesium on the effectiveness of nuclear transmutation on intermediate and heavy mass isotopes in growing biological cultures 4050	transmutation, biological
4365	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V.	2002	Optimized dd-fusion without Coulomb barrier in a volume of cold gas of deuterium	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Optimized dd-fusion without Coulomb barrier in a volume of cold gas of deuterium 4049	theory, laser, D2
4364	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Samoylenko, I. I., Zykov, G. A.	2001	Observation and mass-spectrometry. Study of controlled transmutation of intermediate mass isotopes in growing biological cultures	Infinite Energy, Vol = 6, Num = 36, Page = 64					Observation and mass-spectrometry. Study of controlled transmutation of intermediate mass isotopes in growing biological cultures	biological, transmutation
4363	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Samoylenko, I. I., Zyhov, A.	2001	Observation and mass-spectrometry. Study of controlled transmutation of intermediate mass isotopes in growing biological cultures	Infinite Energy, Vol = 6, Num = 36, Page = 64					Observation and mass-spectrometry. Study of controlled transmutation of intermediate mass isotopes in growing biological cultures	biological, transmutation
4362	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Sorokin, A. A., Komisarova, V. A., Reiman, S. I., Riasnii, G. K.	2000	Direct Observation and Experimental Investigation of the Process of Gamma-Decay Controlling in Quantum Nucleonics	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 225	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Direct Observation and Experimental Investigation of the Process of Gamma-Decay Controlling in Quantum Nucleonics	half-life, radioactivity, gamma emission, theory ICCF-8
4361	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Samoylenko, I. I., Zykov, G. A.	2000	Experimental Observation and Study of Comtrolled Transmutation of Intermediate Mass Isotopes in Growing Biological Cultures	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 135	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Experimental Observation and Study of Comtrolled Transmutation of Intermediate Mass Isotopes in Growing Biological Cultures	biological, transmutation, ICCF-8
4360	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Samoylenko, I. I., Zykov, G. A.	2000	Experimental Observation and Study of Controlled Transmutation of Intermediate Mass Isotopes in Growing Biological Cultures	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 135	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Experimental Observation and Study of Controlled Transmutation of Intermediate Mass Isotopes in Growing Biological Cultures	biological, transmutation, ICCF-8
4359	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Bugrov, V. P., Kornilova, A. A., Reiman, S. I.	1996	The Experimental Discovery of the Phenomenon of Controlling and Changing Probability and Time of Spontaneous Decay and Gamma-Transmutation of Excited Nuclei Statuses	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 680	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		The Experimental Discovery of the Phenomenon of Controlling and Changing Probability and Time of Spontaneous Decay and Gamma-Transmutation of Excited Nuclei Statuses	decay rate change	The paper discusses the process of controlling the probability of spontaneous decay of radioactive and excited Mossbauer nuclei. For the first time two experiments have proved the possibility of changing the life time of radioactive nuclei by surrounding them with screens having resonant absorption frequency equal to the nuclear transition frequency. For the first time in the experiments with gamma sources C057(Fe57*) and Sn119m and with gamma absorbers Fe57 and Sn119 we have discovered the change of Mossbauer transition life-time by 20-100% and total life-time (including non- Mossbauer radiation and electron conversion) by 0.6-2%.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=281
4358	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Samoyloylenko, I. I.	1996	Experimental discovery of phenomenon of low-energy nuclear transformation of isotopes (Mn55=Fe57) in growing biological cultures	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 687	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Experimental discovery of phenomenon of low-energy nuclear transformation of isotopes (Mn55=Fe57) in growing biological cultures	biological, transmutation, ICCF-6	For the first time the experimental study of cold nuclear transmutation of isotopes was carried out in growing microbiological culture with controlled conditions of growth. With the help of Mossbauer effect the formation of Fe5? isotope from Mn55 in nutrient medium based on heavy water was observed. The possible mechanism of low-temperature nuclear transmutation is discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=288
4357	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kornilova, A. A., Samoylenko, I. I.	1996	Experimental discovery and investigation of the phenomenon of nuclear transmutation of isotopes in growing biological cultures	Infinite Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 10, Page = 63					Experimental discovery and investigation of the phenomenon of nuclear transmutation of isotopes in growing biological cultures	biological, transmutation
4356	Journal Article	Vysotskii, V., Kuz'min, R. N.	1994	Nonequilibrium Fermi condensate of deuterium atoms in microvoids of crystals and the problem of barrier-free cold nuclear fusion	Tech. Phys., Vol = 39, Num = 7, Page = 663					Nonequilibrium Fermi condensate of deuterium atoms in microvoids of crystals and the problem of barrier-free cold nuclear fusion	theory, fractofusion
4355	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Kuz'min, R.	1993	On Possibility of Non-Barrier DD-Fusion in Volume of Boiling D2O During Electrolysis	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 4, Num = 4, Page = 6		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	On Possibility of Non-Barrier DD-Fusion in Volume of Boiling D2O During Electrolysis	theory, bubble, ICCF-4
4354	Conference Proceedings	Vysotskii, V., Kuz'min, R. N.	1990	The Theory of Nonthreshold Cold Fusion in Solids	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 894	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	The Theory of Nonthreshold Cold Fusion in Solids	theory
4353	Newspaper Article	Voss, D.	1999	Whatever happened to cold fusion?	Phys World					Whatever happened to cold fusion?	history
4352	Journal Article	Von Buttlar, H., Vielstich, W., Barth, H.	1963	Deuterium und tritumtrennfaktoren bei der elektrolytischen wasserstoffabscheidung	Berichte Bunsengesellschaft, Vol = 67					Deuterium und tritumtrennfaktoren bei der elektrolytischen wasserstoffabscheidung	H, D, T, fractionation, separation, overpotential
4351	Journal Article	Vokhnik, O. M., Goryachev, B. I., Zubrilo, A. A., Kutznetsova, G. P., Popov, Yu. V., Svertilov, S. I.	1992	Search for effects related to nuclear fusion in the optical breakdown of heavy water	Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., Vol = 55, Num = 12, Page = 1772					Search for effects related to nuclear fusion in the optical breakdown of heavy water	laser, neutron, D2O
4350	Journal Article	Violante, V., Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Pagano, G., Sansovini, M., Sarto, F.	2016	Heat Production and RF Detection during Cathodic Polarization of Palladium in 0.1M LiOD	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					Heat Production and RF Detection during Cathodic Polarization of Palladium in 0.1M LiOD	Anomalous heat effect in metal hydride, Electrochemistry, Electromagnetic stimulation, Fleischmann and Pons effect, Metal hydrides and deuterides, Palladium, Palladium alloys, Radiofrequency	The study of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect (FPE), i.e. the production of excess power production during electrochemical loading of deuterium in palladium (in the past labelled cold fusion) has had a notably multidisciplinary character, involving solid state and nuclear physics, material science, electrochemistry and other fields. Correlations between the material status and the occurrence of the effect as well as some changes in the electrochemical interface status have been observed. Although during the last two decades, in several calorimetric experiments the effect was observed to be well above the measurement uncertainty, the mechanism producing the excess power is not completely understood. So far, the lack of reproducibility has been responsible for the absence of a clear explanation of the phenomenon based on experimental apparatus designed to enhance the spectrum of information required to define the effect. Recently, In order to improve this aspect of this research, specific work has been carried out to investigate whether the excess power was produced concurrently with the emission of Radio Frequency from the active cathode. Suitable probes and triggering included in the RF experimental system revealed RF signal emission during electrochemical loading of palladium samples, and a correlation between the heat production, in active samples, and RF signal emission was found. The preliminary results highlight the importance of performing studies on the electrodynamic effects that may be involved in the phenomenon, and the importance of the design of appropriate instruments designed to investigate unexplored regions of metal hydrogen systems.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=327
4349	Journal Article	Violante, V., Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Sarto, F., Sansovini, M., Torre, A., La Gatta, A., Duncan, R., Hubler, G. K., El-Boher, A., Azizi, O., Pease, D., Knies, D., McKubre, M. C. H.	2015	Review of materials science for studying the Fleischmann and Pons effect	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					540 Review of materials science for studying the Fleischmann and Pons effect	Cold fusion, deuterium, electrochemical loading, materials science, palladium. The present article will review aspects concerning the occurrence of FPE related to materials science, a field considered to be a key to define the effect and a research approach has been conceived to find correlations with the material status. Metallurgy, crystallographic orientation and surface morphology all together are the necessary conditions to observe the phenomenon. In general, these features affect the deuterium adsorption/absorption in palladium cathodes. On the other hand, crystal orientation seems not to be crucial for PdRh alloy. A preliminary study, based on galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, has been carried out to investigate the status of the electrochemical interface during the effect. Results point in the direction of a significant change in the equivalent circuit at the electrode interface, as the electrode is active.		http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/108/04/0540.pdf
4348	Journal Article	Violante, V., Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Sarto, F., Sansovini, M., Makris, T. D., Torre, A., Knies, D., Kidwell, D., Grabowski, K. S., Dominguez, D. D., Hubler, G. K., Duncan, R., El-Boher, A., Azizi, O., McKubre, M. C. H., La Gatta, A.	2015	Excess Power during Electrochemical Loading: Materials, Electrochemical Conditions and Techniques	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					44 Excess Power during Electrochemical Loading: Materials, Electrochemical Conditions and Techniques	Deuterium, Electrolysis, Excess of Power, Materials, Palladium	The critical role of the electrode material characteristics in increasing the probability for observation of excess of power during electrochemical loading of palladium cathodes with deuterium is investigated, and, excesses of power production obtained by using palladium material with these identified characteristics are reported. Characterizations have been performed by using SEM and AFM microscopy as well as electrochemical analysis and XPS. The emerging scenario suggested by these results is that the poor control in achieving the identified material status is reflected in the reproducibility of the excess heat phenomenon.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=51
4347	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Sarto, F., Sansovini, M., Makris, T. D., Torre, A., Knies, D., Kidwell, D., Grabowski, K. S., Dominguez, D. D., Hubler, G. K., Duncan, R., El-Boher, A., Azizi, O., McKubre, M. C. H., La Gatta, A.	2015	Excess Power during Electrochemical Loading: Materials, Electrochemical Conditions and Techniques (Powerpoint Slides)	ICCF18 Conference			University of Missouri		Excess Power during Electrochemical Loading: Materials, Electrochemical Conditions and Techniques (Powerpoint Slides)	Deuterium, Electrolysis, Excess of Power, Materials, Palladium	The critical role of the electrode material characteristics in increasing the probability for observation of excess of power during electrochemical loading of palladium cathodes with deuterium is investigated, and, excesses of power production obtained by using palladium material with these identified characteristics are reported. Characterizations have been performed by using SEM and AFM microscopy as well as electrochemical analysis and XPS. The emerging scenario suggested by these results is that the poor control in achieving the identified material status is reflected in the reproducibility of the excess heat phenomenon.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVexcesspowe.pdf
4346	Magazine Article	Violante, V., Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Pagano, G., Sansovini, M., Sarto, F.	2014	RF detection and anomalous heat production during electrochemical loading of deuterium in palladium	EAI - Energia, Ambiente e Innovazione, Vol = 2		ENEA			RF detection and anomalous heat production during electrochemical loading of deuterium in palladium	Heat	The production of excess power during electrochemical loading of palladium with deuterium was discovered in 1989 by Prof Martin Fleischmann and Prof Stanley Pons. In this article a picture of the research activities performed to correlate the effect and the material status is given. The structures of the electrochemical interface during the excess event and in the absence of excess power are compared, revealing a resonant equivalent circuit when the electrode is active. RF signals have also been detected when the anomalous heat production takes place	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVrfdetectio.pdf
4345	Journal Article	Violante, V., Sarto, F., Castagna, E., Lecci, S., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L.	2012	The Study of the Fleischman and Pons Effect through the Materials Science Development	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 8					60-74 The Study of the Fleischman and Pons Effect through the Materials Science Development	Calorimetry, Chemical potential, Diffusion coefficient, Dimensionless transport equation, Gorsky effect	The state of the palladium metal has been identified on the basis of statistical data to play fundamental roles in producing the Fleischman-Pons excess heat effect. The deuterium loading dynamics and its equilibrium concentration are mostly controlled by the metallurgy; a minimum threshold loading (D/Pd ~ 0.9) is necessary to observe the excess. The crystallographic orientation is also correlated with the phenomenon such that mainly 100 oriented samples gave the highest reproducibility. A specific cathode surface morphology, identified by means of the power spectral density function, represents an additional identified condition to observe the effect. Materials specimens respecting the characteristics described above have been used to obtain a transportable reproducibility. Designed materials giving excess power have been produced but the amplitude of the signals and full reproducibility are not yet achieved. Other features of the material such as the nature and content of impurities and defects seems to be crucial in obtaining the required palladium characteristics.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedg.pdf#page=66
4344	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Sarto, F., Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Sansovini, M., Torre, A., Hubler, G. K., Knies, D., Grabowski, K. S., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L., Sibilia, C, Del Prete, P., Zilov, T.	2009	Evolution and Progress in Material Science for Studying the Fleischmann and Pons Effect (FPE)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Evolution and Progress in Material Science for Studying the Fleischmann and Pons Effect (FPE)	materials, electrode surface morphology	Calorimetric experiments have revealed a crucial role of the metallurgy and surface characteristics for reproducing the FPE. A material status to have an improved probability to observe the effect under electrochemical loading of deuterium in palladium has been identified by means of statistical approach. The evolution of the research approach is described in this work.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=45
4343	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Sansovini, M., Hubler, G. K., Knies, D., Grabowski, K. S., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L., Sibilia, C, Del Prete, P., Zilov, T.	2009	Evolution and Progress in Material Science for Studying the Fleischmann and Pons Effect (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Evolution and Progress in Material Science for Studying the Fleischmann and Pons Effect (PowerPoint slides)	materials, electrode surface morphology	Research Frame Since 1996 in ENEA material status was identified to be responsible of the loading 1) Material science study to increase both reproducibilityand signals 2) Calorimetric experiments conceived to have anappropriate signal/noise ratio 3) Theoretical work to identify methods to trigger the effect	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVevolutiona.pdf
4342	Edited Book	Violante, V., Sarto, F.	2009	Proceedings 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (Part 2)	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy	October 5-9, 2009	Proceedings 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (Part 2)		This file is from: http://iccf15.frascati.enea.it/docs/proceedings.html This is Part 2, page 185 to page 385. Part 1, title page to page 184 is here http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceedinga.pdf
4341	Edited Book	Violante, V., Sarto, F.	2009	Proceedings 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (Part 1)	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy	October 5-9, 2009	Proceedings 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (Part 1)		This file is from: http://iccf15.frascati.enea.it/docs/proceedings.html This is Part 1, title page to page 184. Part 2, page 185 to page 385, is here: http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceedinga.pdf	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf
4340	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Sarto, F., Castagna, E., Sansovini, M., Lecci, S., Knies, D., Grabowski, K. S., Hubler, G. K.	2008	Material Science on Pd-D System to Study the Occurrence of Excess Power	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Material Science on Pd-D System to Study the Occurrence of Excess Power	materials, electrode surface morphology	A recent joint work [1] identified the crucial role of material science in improving control of the Pd-D system to enhance the production of excess power during electrochemical loading of palladium foils with deuterium. Very high reproducibility, close to 100%, in loading Pd up to D/Pd ~1 (atomic fraction) was achieved. High loading about the threshold value of 0.9 is considered necessary to achieve the effect. This work demonstrated it is necessary but not sufficient. As a consequence, the focus of our research moved to the material properties of cathodes, especially surface characteristics, and an effort to correlate these properties with cathode performance during electrolysis. This paper describes the material properties examined that appear to produce excess heat.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVmaterialsc.pdf
4339	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Sarto, F., Castagna, E., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L., Hubler, G. K., Knies, D., Dardik, I., Sibilia, C.	2007	Joint Scientific Advances in Condensed Matter Nuclear Science	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals			Sicily, Italy		Joint Scientific Advances in Condensed Matter Nuclear Science	Review	A joint effort performed by ENEA, SRI, Energetics Technologies, NRL and the University of Rome La Sapienza allowed to obtain a remarkable level of sheared reproducibility both in high loading of palladium with deuterium and in observing excess power production during calorimetric experiments. The excess heat was observed with a signal well above the measurement uncertainty, with up to 70% of reproducibility. The wide-ranging scientific work carried out in optimizing the palladium electrodes and the accuracy of the calorimetry are the reasons for the success of this project.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVjointscien.pdf
4338	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Moretti, S., Bertolotti, M., Castagna, E., Sibilia, C, Sarto, F., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L., Dardik, I., Lesin, S., Zilov, T.	2005	Progress In Excess Power Experiments With Electrochemical Loading Of Deuterium In Palladium	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Progress In Excess Power Experiments With Electrochemical Loading Of Deuterium In Palladium	Excess heat
4337	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Bertolotti, M., Castagna, E., Dardik, I., McKubre, M. C. H., Moretti, S., Lesin, S., Sibilia, C, Sarto, F., Tanzella, F. L., Zilov, T.	2005	Progress in Excess Power Production by Laser Triggering (PowerPoint slides)	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Progress in Excess Power Production by Laser Triggering (PowerPoint slides)	laser stimulation, excess heat	PowerPoint slides for the paper of the same title.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVprogressina.pdf
4336	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Bertolotti, M., Castagna, E., Dardik, I., McKubre, M. C. H., Moretti, S., Lesin, S., Sibilia, C, Sarto, F., Tanzella, F. L., Zilov, T.	2005	Progress in Excess Power Production by Laser Triggering	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Progress in Excess Power Production by Laser Triggering	laser stimulation, excess heat
4335	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Mazzitelli, G., Capobianco, L., Sarto, F., Santoro, E., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L., Miley, G. H., Luo, N., Shrestha, P., Sibilia, C.	2003	Study Of Lattice Potentials On Low Energy Nuclear Processes In Condensed Matter	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Study Of Lattice Potentials On Low Energy Nuclear Processes In Condensed Matter	theory	The phenomena of anomalous heating effects in deuterated metals gained worldwide attention through the famous announcement of 'cold fusion' in 1989. Recently, a number of experiments have identified nuclear reaction products that are attributed to hydrogen or deuterium interaction with the host metal. Consequently workers have renamed this field? as 'Low Energy Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Matter'. This work has used a variety of configurations and a variety of loading techniques giving reaction products ranging from Helium-4, Tritium,? to an array of heavy elements.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVstudyoflat.pdf
4334	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Castagna, E., Sibilia, C., Paoloni, S., Sarto, F.	2003	Analysis Of Ni-Hydride Thin Film After Surface Plasmons Generation By Laser Technique	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Analysis Of Ni-Hydride Thin Film After Surface Plasmons Generation By Laser Technique	nickel, transmutation	A nickel-hydride thin film was studied by the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) method. The differences between a 'black' film and a pure nickel film 'blank' behaviour are showed. The black Ni-hydride film has been obtained by a short electrolysis with 1 M? Li2SO4 electrolyte in light water. A shift in the minimum of the observed reflected light occurs, together with a change in the minimum shape, i.e. its half-height width increases. This two phenomenon are due to the change in the electronic band structure of the metal induced by the electron added in the lattice by hydrogen. The changing of the electronic structure, revealed by the laser coupling conditions, leads to consider that an hydride phase was created. Both the blank (not hydrogenated) and black (hydrogenated) specimens were taken under He-Ne laser beam at the reflectance minimum angle for about three hours. A SIMS analysis was also implemented to reveal differences in the isotopic composition of Cu, as marker element, between the blank and black films, in order to study the coupled effect of electrolysis and plasmon-polariton excitation on LENR processes in condensed matter.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVanalysisof.pdf
4333	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Apicella, M., Capobianco, L., Sarto, F., Roada, A., Santoro, E., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L., Sibilia, C.	2003	Search For Nuclear Ashes In Electrochemical Experiments	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Search For Nuclear Ashes In Electrochemical Experiments	transmutation, x-rays, isotope shift	Electrochemical experiments have been carried out in order to identify traces of nuclear processes occurring in condensed matter. The experimental activity was primarily designed to reduce the background element impurities by using ultra-pure cleaning procedures to eliminate contamination. The working conditions allowed to obtain a clear signal from the investigated phenomena. Neutron activation, SIMS and high resolution Mass Spectrometer analysis yielded? experimental data greater than the measurement error and well above the detection limits of the instruments. The isotopic abundance has been studied for some elements and a strong difference as been observed between experimental data and natural values. A correlation has been observed between the shift of the isotopic composition and a weak emission of? X-rays, in some experiments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVsearchforn.pdf
4332	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Tripodi, P., Di Gioacchino, D., Borelli, R., Pizzuto, A., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L., Adrover, A., Giona, M., Capobianco, L.	2002	Metallurgical effects on the dynamic of hydrogen loading in Pd	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Metallurgical effects on the dynamic of hydrogen loading in Pd 4048	loading, Pd, hydrogen, resistence, electrolysis, stress	A theoretical work based on computer modeling is presented in order to explain the difference on the hydrogen electrochemical loading dynamics for two shapes of palladium cathodes. Pd foils and wires have been investigated solving the transport equations, in order to study the effect of self stress propagating. The results allow us to study the influence of the stress relaxing (via dislocation slipping) on the loading process.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVmetallurgi.pdf
4331	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Tripodi, P., Di Gioacchino, D., Borelli, R., Bettinali, L., Santoro, E., Rosada, A., Sarto, F., Pizzuto, A., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L.	2002	X-ray emission during electrolysis of light water on palladium and nickel thin films	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		X-ray emission during electrolysis of light water on palladium and nickel thin films 4047	electrolysis, H2O, radiation, Pd, Ni, thin films, x-ray, sputtering, transmutation, tritium	Electrochemical experiments have been carried out in order to investigate the emission of X-rays during electrochemical hydrogen loading of thin metallic films of Pd and Ni. An estimate of the inventory of the most significant chemical elements in the cells has also been done. The activity was developed within the framework of a cooperative research effort between ENEA and SRI. In order to minimize the background due to environmental contamination, the experimental cells were manufactured using only two materials (pure polyethylene and pure platinum). The thin films were produced by sputtering pure materials on supports made of the same pure polyethylene used for the cells.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVxrayemissi.pdf
4330	Journal Article	Violante, V., Torre, A., Selvaggi, G., Miley, G. H.	2001	Three-dimensional analysis of the lattice confinement effect on ion dynamics in condensed matter and lattice effect on the d-d nuclear reaction channel	Fusion Technol., Vol = 39					Three-dimensional analysis of the lattice confinement effect on ion dynamics in condensed matter and lattice effect on the d-d nuclear reaction channel	theory charge oscillations
4329	Journal Article	Violante, V., Torre, A., Selvaggi, G., Miley, G. H.	2001	3 Dimensional Analysis of the Lattice Confinement Effect on ion Dynamics	Fusion Technol., Vol = 39, Num = 2 (March)					3 Dimensional Analysis of the Lattice Confinement Effect on ion Dynamics	theory, distance
4328	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., Sibilia, C., Di Gioacchino, D., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L., Tripodi, P.	2000	Hydrogen Isotopes Interaction Dynamics in Palladium Lattice	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 409	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Hydrogen Isotopes Interaction Dynamics in Palladium Lattice	theory, ICCF-8
4327	Journal Article	Violante, V.	1999	Lattice ion-trap confinement for deuterons and protons: Possible interaction in condensed matter	Fusion Technol., Vol = 35					Lattice ion-trap confinement for deuterons and protons: Possible interaction in condensed matter	theory, distance
4326	Journal Article	Violante, V., Torre, A., Dattoli, G.	1998	Lattice ion trap: classical and quantum description of a possible collision mechanism for deuterons in metal lattices	Fusion Technol., Vol = 34					Lattice ion trap: classical and quantum description of a possible collision mechanism for deuterons in metal lattices	Theory, Schroedinger
4325	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V.	1998	Extended Analysis of the Lattice Radio-Frequency Trap as Possible Collision Mechanism Between Nucleus in Condensed Matter	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 403	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Extended Analysis of the Lattice Radio-Frequency Trap as Possible Collision Mechanism Between Nucleus in Condensed Matter	theory, ICCF-7	A considerable research activity has been carried out in the last years in order to better investigate the field of nuclear reactions in solids. Results concerning the reproducibility of the phenomena, theoretical studies and certain unknown nuclear effects in metal-hydrogen systems have been published by several authors. It has been shown that positive ions (i.e. deuterons) confined by means of a quadrupolar electro-dynamic containment around palladium lattice tetrahedral sites (lattice ion trap) can dramatically decrease their mean distance. In the proposed picture the coherent oscillations of the Fermi level electrons of the metal atoms seem to have a dominant role in the deuterons dynamics. In this work the dynamics of the particles is studied in the trap coordinate system, rather than in the particles relative ones, since in this way it is possible to follow the position of a moving particle (e.g. deuteron or proton) inside the metal lattice cell. The lattice e.m. signal has been described as an oscillating dipole one. Such a description allows us also to study the behaviour of the moving particles when their trajectory is close to the metal lattice atoms. The calculations confinn the collision mechanism and show an interaction effect between the moving particles and the metal lattice atoms.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=403
4324	Journal Article	Violante, V., De Ninno, A.	1997	Lattice ion trap: a possible mechanism inducing a strong approach between two deuterons in condensed matter	Fusion Technol., Vol = 31					Lattice ion trap: a possible mechanism inducing a strong approach between two deuterons in condensed matter	theory, distance
4323	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., De Ninno, A.	1996	Quantum mechanical description of a lattice ion trap	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 221	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Quantum mechanical description of a lattice ion trap	Theory, phonon, distance, ICCF-6	The electrodynamic confinement of charged particles stored in a radio-frequency electric quadrupole trap has been widely investigated by several authors [1,2]. A remarkable similarity between the above mentioned quadrupole radio-frequency trap and the palladium lattice structure allowed a classical study of the dynamics of two deuterons moving within the Pd lattice around tetrahedral sites [3,4]. The theory of the harmonic oscillator with time dependent frequency has been reviewed by introducing an operator which is a constant of the motion [5]. In this paper a quantum description of a deuteron dynamics and its interaction with an other one inside the lattice ion trap is carried out taking advantage of an oscillating behaviour that can be traced back to a quantum harmonic oscillator. The calculations show, in both treatments, a reduction of the mean distance between the particles.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=236
4322	Conference Proceedings	Violante, V., De Ninno, A.	1995	Collision Between Two Deuterons in Condensed Matter: Ion Trap Mechanism	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 355	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Collision Between Two Deuterons in Condensed Matter: Ion Trap Mechanism	theory, ion trap, ICCF-5	In this paper is studied the behaviour of ions confined by means of quadrupolar electro-dynamic containment around palladium lattice tetrahedral sites. Ion confinement in a quadrupolar trap is known to be strongly influenced by the initial conditions and trap parameters. The considered system is a lattice ion trap for deuterons, supposing that over a certain concentration they occupy the tetrahedral sites. The electron motions seem to have a dominant role in the dynamics of two deuterons moving around such lattice sites. A mathematical model allows us to describe, with a computer simulation, the deuteron dynamics and reveals an approach mechanism that could strongly decrease the mean distance between two positive charges embedded in a lattice.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=158
4321	Report	Villa, M.	2011	On the gamma radiation measurements on the Rossi system	Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 11		Bologna University and INFN Sezione di Bologna			On the gamma radiation measurements on the Rossi system	radiation	We report here on the measurement of gamma emission from the system built by Rossi et al. to produce energy. While the details of the production system are still not known, an international patent request (WO/2009/125444) and a paper describing the main characteristics and performances are available: copper synthesis starting from an hydrogenated nickel compound and energy production lasting for months. On the 14th of January 2011, the first public test of this system was performed under partially controlled conditions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/VillaMonthegamma.pdf
4320	Journal Article	Vijh, A. K., Belanger, A.	1989	Electrocatalysis of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Metals and Silver-Palladium Alloys in Relation to Their Electronic Configuration	Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 11					Electrocatalysis of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Metals and Silver-Palladium Alloys in Relation to Their Electronic Configuration	Pd, Ag, Pd-Ag, H, theory
4319	Conference Proceedings	Vignati, M.	1995	Transformation From Heat of Low Temperature Sources into Work. Fundamentals for a Maximum of Efficiency	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 631	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Transformation From Heat of Low Temperature Sources into Work. Fundamentals for a Maximum of Efficiency	theory, ICCF-5	The problem of converting the heat produced by cold fusion into work, meets with a classical limit consisting in the second principle of thermodynamics, because the heat produced within electrolytic cells is released to the heavy water, and remains at a low thermal degree. However, this paper draws attention to the existence of ideal thermodynamic cycles the efficiency of which is considerably higher than the efficiency attained by the corresponding Carnot cycle between the same temperatures. In addition to this, it can be shown that combinations of these cycles can attain even higher efficiencies. Owing to the characteristics of these cycles and combinations of cycles, and being also possible to put them into practice, they could be taken into consideration for projects aiming at the transformation into work of the heat produced by cold fusion or other heat sources at low temperature. Discusses energy conversion methods that have a higher efficiency than Carnot.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=438
4318	Journal Article	Vigier, J. P.	1996	On cathodically polarized Pd/D systems	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 221					On cathodically polarized Pd/D systems	theory
4317	Conference Proceedings	Vigier, J. P.	1994	New Hydrogen (Deuterium) Bohr Orbits in Quantum Chemistry and Cold Fusion Processes	International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 99	Fox, H.	Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City	Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus	May 24-26, 1994	New Hydrogen (Deuterium) Bohr Orbits in Quantum Chemistry and Cold Fusion Processes	theory
4316	Conference Proceedings	Vigier, J. P.	1992	New Hydrogen Energies in Specially Structured Dense Media: Capillary Chemistry and Capillary Fusion	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 325	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	New Hydrogen Energies in Specially Structured Dense Media: Capillary Chemistry and Capillary Fusion	theory, ICCF-3	The analysis of presently observed facts suggests that excess heat (above breakeven) and con commitment cold fusion processes result from two different mechanisms which have a common origin in E. M. Current behavior in dense media (the Ampere forces). They both result from already known properties of nuclear forces and quantum mechanics.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=71
4315	Journal Article	Vielstich, W., Iwasita, T., von Buttlar, H., Farzin, K., Uebelguenn, K.	1991	Search for neutrons from controlled deuterium concentrations in palladium	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 303					Search for neutrons from controlled deuterium concentrations in palladium	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, neutron
4314	Journal Article	Veziroglu, T. N.	2015	An Obituary note to John O'Hara Bockris (1923-2013)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 16					An Obituary note to John O'Hara Bockris (1923?2013)	Hydrogen association, Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen energy system, John Bockris, John O'Hara Bockris	An Obituary note to John O'Hara Bockris.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedo.pdf#page=6
4313	Conference Proceedings	Veziroglu, T. N.	1981	Mossbauer Study of the Local Hydrogen Distribution Near Substitutional Impurities in b-PdHx	The Miami International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Energy Systems		Pergamon Press.	Miami	April 13-15, 1981	Mossbauer Study of the Local Hydrogen Distribution Near Substitutional Impurities in b-PdHx	Pd, H2, PdH, impurity, Mossbauer
4312	Journal Article	Verner, G. M., Swartz, M. R., Hagelstein, P. L.	2017	Development of a Cold Fusion Science and Engineering Course	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 22					Development of a Cold Fusion Science and Engineering Course	CF academic course, CF curriculum, CF education, CF training, LANR academic course, LANR education, LENR academic course, LENR education	For three consecutive years, an introductory non-credit short course was taught on the science and engineering of cold fusion (CF). It reviewed its origin, extent, basis and substantial experimental proof of the observed excess energy (XSE) from active cold fusion (lattice assisted nuclear reactions) systems. The range of CF technologies spanned from early aqueous CF/LANR systems to recent day nanomaterials. While academic officials are slow to recognize cold fusion and its viability, the fact is that the subject and its science have entered the academic domain, and students can learn that the phenomenon is real and reproducible.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedu.pdf#page=52
4311	Journal Article	Verner, G. M., Swartz, M. R., Hagelstein, P. L.	2015	Summary report: ?ntroduction to Cold Fusion? -- IAP course at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					653 Summary report: ?ntroduction to Cold Fusion? -- IAP course at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
4310	Journal Article	Verbruggen, A. H., Hagen, C. W., Griessen, R.	1984	Gorsky Effect in Concentrated a-PdHx	J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., Vol = 14					Gorsky Effect in Concentrated a-PdHx	PdH, diffusion, Pd, hydrogen
4309	Journal Article	Velev, O. A., Kainthla, R. C.	1990	Heat flow calorimeter with a personal-computer-based data acquisition system	Fusion Technol., Vol = 18					Heat flow calorimeter with a personal-computer-based data acquisition system	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, heat, method
4308	Journal Article	Vaselli, M., Harith, M. A., Palleschi, V., Salvetti, G., Singh, D. P.	1989	Screening effect of impurities in metals: a possible explanation of the process of cold nuclear fusion	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, Vol = 11, Num = 6, Page = 927					Screening effect of impurities in metals: a possible explanation of the process of cold nuclear fusion	theory, screening
4307	Journal Article	Vasanthi, N., Raj, S. A., Saleena, L. M.	2015	Silica Favours Bacterial Growth Similar to Carbon	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17					111 Silica Favours Bacterial Growth Similar to Carbon	Biological transmutation, Ecological survival, Silicate mineral utilisation, Silicate solubilising bacteria	Silicate solubilising bacteria were isolated from soil, river water, pond sediment and talc mineral. The isolates were characterised and found to belong to the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas sp. Some of the isolates are also identified by 16S r RNA sequencing. Both Bacillus and Pseudomonas isolates solubilised magnesium trisilicate under in vitro conditions either in the presence or in the absence of glucose. Bacillus megaterium isolated from soil solubilised talc, feldspar and magnesium trisilicate by releasing silica in solution. This also exhibited growth exclusively on silicate in the absence of a carbon source and after removal CO2 in the head space of the flask containing medium. Bacillus mucilaginosus, a silicate solubilising species, exhibited growth on acid washed sand (pure quartz) and also in silicic acid in the absence of carbon source revealing the capability of the bacteria to utilise silica or silicate for its growth. The carbon analysis by SEM with EDAX revealed the presence of carbon in cells grown exclusively on silica suggesting the biological transmutation of silica to carbon. The ability of silicate solubilising bacteria to grow exclusively on silica or silicate in the absence of carbon reveals not only their ecological survival in a carbon-free environment in earth but also their likely survival in other celestial bodies.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedp.pdf#page=116
4306	Journal Article	Varaksin, A. N., Zhivoderov, A. A., Bondarenko, N. B., Shipitsin, V. F.	1991	Computer modelling of phase transitions in deuterised palladium (possible mechanism of low-temperature nuclear fusion)	Fiz. Metal. Metalloved.					Computer modelling of phase transitions in deuterised palladium (possible mechanism of low-temperature nuclear fusion)	theory, tunnelling
4305	Journal Article	VanVeen, R. J. A. R.	2000	Koude fusie	Ned. Tijdschr. Natuurkd., Vol = 66, Num = 4					Koude fusie	review
4304	Journal Article	Van Vucht, J. H. N., Buschow, K. H. J.	1976	Note on the Occurrence of Intermetallic Compounds in the Lithium-Palladium System	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 48					Note on the Occurrence of Intermetallic Compounds in the Lithium-Palladium System	Pd-Li, Phase Diagram, Lattice Parameter
4303	Journal Article	Van Swaay, M., Birchenall, C. E.	1960	Permeability and diffusion of hydrogen through palladium	Trans. Metal. Soc., AIME, Vol = 218					Permeability and diffusion of hydrogen through palladium	Diffusion, H, Pd, solubility, phase diagram
4302	Journal Article	Van Siclen, C. D., Jones, S. E.	1986	Piezonuclear fusion in isotopic hydrogen molecules	J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., Vol = 12					Piezonuclear fusion in isotopic hydrogen molecules	theory
4301	Magazine Article	Van Noorden, R.	2007	Cold fusion back on the menu	Chemistry World					Cold fusion back on the menu	Review
4300	Journal Article	Van der Merwe, P. T.	1990	Enhanced fusion induced by affiliated muons	Fusion Technol., Vol = 17					Enhanced fusion induced by affiliated muons	theory, muon
4299	Report	van de Vate, J. F., Reifenschweiler, O., van de Ligt, G.	1960	The Internal And External Bremsstrahlung Associated With, Beta-Decay In Tritium	Chicago Tribune		Philips Corporation			Library, Repository hosted by TU Delft The Internal And External Bremsstrahlung Associated With, Beta-Decay In Tritium	titanium, tritium, reduced radioactivity	This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library: http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:e06e3502-3173-4795-9f16-b9e79f106107/tn2014-00266.pdf By 'Bremsstrahlung' is meant the continuous quantum radiation arising when electrons undergo braking in the fields of atomic nuclei. Discovered by Rontgen as long ago as 1895, this type of radiation occurs when the beta-electrons from a disintegrating beta-emitter are braked in the surrounding matter, being termed 'external bremsstrahlung' in this case. But in such isotopes the beta-electron is also accompanied by a type of radiation that is independent of the surrounding matter. This type is called 'internal bremsstrahlung', because it is generated by the electron inside the radioactive atom, during the decay process. It was first demonstrated by Aston 1) in the 'twenties' when, in the course of gamma-ray measurements on RaE, he detected a soft, inhomogeneous form of gamma-radiation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/vandeVateJtheinterna.pdf
4298	Report	van de Vate, J. F., Reifenschweiler, O., van de Ligt, G.	1960	Onderzoekingen Naar De Temperatuurvastheid Van Fijnverdeelde Metaal-Tritium-Systemen In Vacuum	Chicago Tribune		Philips Corporation			Library, Repository hosted by TU Delft Onderzoekingen Naar De Temperatuurvastheid Van Fijnverdeelde Metaal-Tritium-Systemen In Vacuum	titanium, tritium, reduced radioactivity	This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library: http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:34d2c20b-6847-4f3d-af49-71211557d4ea/tn2014-00264.pdf The paper is in Dutch. It includes a Summary in English: The temperature stability of finely dispersed metaltritium systems in vacuum was investigated. The tritium content of the metals was measured by a new method based on the radio-activity of the tritium. Ways were found to prepare metal-tritium systems, sufficiently temperature-stable for technical applications. In addition, the experiments were found to be of interest in checking various classical and modern theories on the formation of hydrides.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/vandeVateJonderzoeki.pdf
4297	Newspaper Article	Van, J.	1989	Scientists Try to Put Chill on Cold Fusion	Chicago Tribune			ChicagoEditor		Scientists Try to Put Chill on Cold Fusion	newspaper, conference, history
4296	Conference Proceedings	Valone, T	2001	One Cold Fusion Speaker is One Too Many for a Future Energy Conference	APS April Meeting, Session S13 - General Physics.			Washington	April 30, 2001	One Cold Fusion Speaker is One Too Many for a Future Energy Conference	history
4295	Journal Article	Valat, M., Goldwater, A., Greenyer, R., Higgins, R., Hunt, R.	2016	Investigations of the Lugano HotCat Reactor	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 21					Investigations of the Lugano HotCat Reactor	Andrea Rossi, e-cat, Lithium aluminum hydride, Lugano report, Nickel, Replication	Since its release, the ?ugano Report? has attracted a lot of attention from many scientific groups as well as individuals. Following attempts to reproduce the claimed results, the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Projecty(MFMP) is adding significant insights to the replication community across the Internet. The first part of the paper describes the replication of the Lugano Report's thermal measurements. It presents the experimental setup, instrumentations as well as the results produced by the MFMP team. The second part describes attempts to reproduce the excess energy claimed in the Report. After ten experiments and five incremental revisions of the apparatus, MFMP published results on the Internet showing apparent correlation between anomalous heat production and broadband low energy gamma radiation. This paper offers a review of these two significant experiments, done in March 2015 and January 2016.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedt.pdf#page=86
4294	Journal Article	Valat, M.	2016	Preface	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 21					Preface		It was with a profound sense of duty that our French Society for Condensed Matter Nuclear Science held its first ?ymposium sur les R?ctions Nucl?ires ? Basse ?ergie? during the weekend of March 18?20, 2016, in Avignon, France. After 27 years of sustained research in the field of CMNS, this was the first time a conference was held for the French speaking community.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedt.pdf#page=5
4293	Journal Article	Valat, M., Hunt, R., Greenyer, R.	2015	Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project status review	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					614 Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project status review
4292	Journal Article	Valat, M., Hunt, R., Greenyer, R.	2015	Celani's Wire Excess Heat Effect Replication	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					246 Celani's Wire Excess Heat Effect Replication	Constantan wire, Hydrogen, Nickel nano-powder	This paper describes progress made by the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project while attempting to replicate Celani's experiments. Celani claimed to see consistent and reproducible excess heat generation results coming from treated constantan wires using different protocols. The design of the cell is described in detail, with attention to the choice of materials, the design geometry and operating conditions. Differences between the original experiment and later replications that improved believability are explored. Results and interpretations are discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=253
4291	Conference Proceedings	Vakarin, S. V., Samgin, A. L., Andreev, V. S., Tsvetkov, S. A.	1995	Influence of Perfection of Sodium Tungsten Bronze Single Crystals on Neutron Emission	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 227	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Influence of Perfection of Sodium Tungsten Bronze Single Crystals on Neutron Emission	solid electrolyte, neutron, Na-W-O, tungsten bronze, ICCF-5	Correlation between crystal structure perfection and neutron emission has been found. Positive result on neutron generation has been established only for crystals with 'specific' X-ray diffraction pattern. 'This allows to treat X-ray data as a selection criterion. The crystals has proven to be rather perfect. Damage of perfection of the surface layer results in absence of the effect . Single crystals examined before and after study.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=28
4290	Journal Article	Vaiman, L. A., Valiev, A. N., Ketko, A. Ya., Kiseleva, E. V., Skorodumov, B. G., Ulanov, V. G., Yatsevich, I. O.	1989	Observation of reactions in cold fusion during sorption or desorption of deuterium from palladium from the gas phase	Akad. Nauk USSR, Fiz.-Mat. Nauk					Observation of reactions in cold fusion during sorption or desorption of deuterium from palladium from the gas phase	Pd, D2, particle emission, neutron
4289	Journal Article	Vaidya, S. N.	1996	Deuteron screening, nuclear reactions in solids, and superconductivity	Fusion Technol., Vol = 29					Deuteron screening, nuclear reactions in solids, and superconductivity	Theory, screening, superconductivity, Bose condensate
4288	Journal Article	Vaidya, S. N.	1993	Comments on the model for coherent deuteron-deuteron fusion in crystalline Pd-D lattice	Fusion Technol., Vol = 24					Comments on the model for coherent deuteron-deuteron fusion in crystalline Pd-D lattice	theory, coherent
4287	Journal Article	Vaidya, S. N.	1991	On the possibility of coherent deuteron-deuteron fusion in a crystalline Pd-D lattice	Fusion Technol., Vol = 20					On the possibility of coherent deuteron-deuteron fusion in a crystalline Pd-D lattice	theory, coherent
4286	Journal Article	Vaidya, S. N., Mayya, Y. S.	1989	The role of combined electron-deuteron screening in deuteron-deuteron fusion in metals	Pramana, Vol = 33					The role of combined electron-deuteron screening in deuteron-deuteron fusion in metals	Theory, screening
4285	Journal Article	Vaidya, S. N., Mayya, Y. S.	1989	Theory of screening-enhanced D-D fusion in metals	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Lett., Part 2, Vol = 28, Num = 12, Page = 2258					Theory of screening-enhanced D-D fusion in metals	theory, diffusion
4284	Book Section	Vaidya, S. N., Mayya, Y. S.	1989	The Role of Combined Electron-Deuteron Screening in D-D Fusion in Metals	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion	Iyengar, P. K., Srinivasan, M.	Atomic Energy Commission	Bombay		The Role of Combined Electron-Deuteron Screening in D-D Fusion in Metals	theory		1500
4283	Conference Proceedings	Utsumi, M., Chiba, M., Fujii, M., Shirakawa, T., Fujimoto, Y., Hayami, Y., Hayashi, Y., Nobuhara, T., Sekino, N., Yokoyama, T., Yonekura, T., Hirose, T., Nakahara, H., Sueki, K.	1996	A Study of The Mechano-Nuclear Interaction Using Piezoelectric Material of LiNb03 in D2 Atmosphere: Dependence of D2 Gas Atmospheric Pressure	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 615	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		A Study of The Mechano-Nuclear Interaction Using Piezoelectric Material of LiNb03 in D2 Atmosphere: Dependence of D2 Gas Atmospheric Pressure	Neutron	In order to clarify the detailed mechanism of neutron emission from LiNb03 crushing process in D2 atmospher, Mechano-Nuclear Reaction, we measured the neutron emission rate with respect to D2 gas pressure. In a low pressure region, the excess neutrons were not observed. While in a high pressure region, larger than 30 kPa, the excess neutrons were observed. We are also studying the difference in neutron emission between a single and a multi ferroelectric domain crystals of LiNbO3.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=216
4282	Journal Article	Urutskoev, L., Filippov, D., Rukhadze, A., Lebedev, L.	2011	Detection of Abnormal Quantity of Hydrogen upon Electrical Explosion of Titanium Foil in a Liquid	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 4					Detection of Abnormal Quantity of Hydrogen upon Electrical Explosion of Titanium Foil in a Liquid	Electrical explosion, Hydrogen	Experimental studies of pulse electrical explosion of thin titanium foils in water, with discharge power of ~0.2 GW are described. Production of a considerable amount of molecular hydrogen is revealed whose origin cannot be explained either by water decomposition or by known chemical reactions. A nuclear mechanism for the formation of the observed molecular hydrogen upon electric explosion is hypothesized. Emphasis is laid on some measurements confirming the hypothesis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedc.pdf#page=114
4281	Journal Article	Urutshoev, L., Filippov, D., Voitenko, D., Astapenko, G., Birykov, A., Markoliya, A., Alabin, K.	2017	A Study on the Possibility of Initiating Tungsten Alpha Decay Using Electric Explosion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 23					A Study on the Possibility of Initiating Tungsten Alpha Decay Using Electric Explosion	Alpha- beta-decay, Alpha-decay, Electrical explosion of conductors, Gas phase analysis, Gas mass-spectrometer, Optical spectral line	Experiments with electric explosion of tungsten wires are described. These are intended to check the results of G.L. Wendt and C.E. Irion's experiments published in 1922. The historical and theoretical background of this study are described in detail. The gas phase formed in the chamber after the electric explosion was carefully studied in the experiments. The results of the study do not contradict with the results of the Wendt and Irion experiments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedv.pdf#page=6
4280	Journal Article	Urutshoev, L., Liksonov, V. I.	2000	Experimental Detection of 'Strange' Radiation and Transformations of Chemical Elements	Prikl. Fiz., Vol = 4					Experimental Detection of 'Strange' Radiation and Transformations of Chemical Elements	transmutation, Ti, Zr, gamma radiation. high voltage
4279	Journal Article	Upadhyay, C. S.	2000	Some views on spin relativity and its impact on science	Indian J. Theo. Phys., Vol = 48					Some views on spin relativity and its impact on science	theory, electrolysis, spin-spin
4278	Journal Article	Ulmann, M., Liu, J., Augustynski, J., Meli, F., Schlapbach, L.	1990	Surface and electrochemical characterization of Pd cathodes after prolonged charging in LiOD + D2O solutions	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 286					Surface and electrochemical characterization of Pd cathodes after prolonged charging in LiOD + D2O solutions	surface analysis, Pd, electrolysis, D2O, OCV, transmutation
4277	Journal Article	Uhm, H. S., Lee, W. M.	1992	High concentration of deuterium in palladium	Fusion Technol., Vol = 21					High concentration of deuterium in palladium	loading, Pd, PdD, PdD2
4276	Journal Article	Uhm, H. S., Lee, W. M.	1991	High concentration of deuterium in palladium from plasma ion implantation	Phys. Fluids B, Vol = 3					High concentration of deuterium in palladium from plasma ion implantation	ion implantation, method
4275	Conference Proceedings	Uhm, H. S., Lee, W. M.	1991	High Deuterium Concentration in Palladium for Application to Cold Fusion	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 289	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	High Deuterium Concentration in Palladium for Application to Cold Fusion	loading, method, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-2	Based on theoretical calculations, new schemes to increase deuterium density in palladium over its initial value is presented. High deuterium concentration in palladium is needed for application to the solid-state fusion. The first deuterium enrichment scheme makes use of the plasma ion implantation, which consists of a cylindrical palladium rod (target) preloaded with deuterium atoms, coated with diffusion-barrier material and immersed in a deuterium plasma. The second deuterium enrichment scheme makes use of the temperature gradient effects on the deuterium solubility in palladium. A heat source at temperature T2 and a heat sink at temperature T1 (where T2 > T1 ) are in contact with two different parts of a palladium sample, which has been presoaked with deuterium atoms and has been coated with diffusion-barrier material or securely locked in a metal case.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=304
4274	Conference Proceedings	Ueda, S., Yasuda, K., Takahashi, A.	1998	Study of Excess Heat and Nuclear Products with Closed Electrolysis System and Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 398	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Study of Excess Heat and Nuclear Products with Closed Electrolysis System and Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer	Pd, D2O, heat+, He+, neutron, tritium, electrolysis, ICCF-7	Using a closed-type heavy water electrolysis system with Pd cathode, deuterium loading ratio D!Pd (using gas pressure method), excess heat (using mass flow calorimetry method) and neutron (using 3He proportional counter) were measured in-situ simultaneously. Tritium increase between before and after electrolysis was measured by liquid scintillation counting method. After electrolysis, gas sample from upper-room of cell was transferred to the mass analysis based on the Q-MAS (Quadrupole Mass Analysis System) to determine quantity of 4He atoms in sampled gas. Remarkable correlation between excess heat and nuclear products was not obtained, through 4He increase was observed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=398
4273	Journal Article	Udovic, T. J., Rush, J. J., Fanagan, T. B., Noh, H., Andersson, Y.	1997	Vibrational dynamics of hydrogen and deuterium in crystalline Pd9Si2	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 253-254					Vibrational dynamics of hydrogen and deuterium in crystalline Pd9Si2	Pd-Si-D, structure, Pd-Si-H
4272	Journal Article	Uchikawa, H., Okazaki, T., Sato, K.	1993	New Technique of Activating Palladium Surface for Absorption of Hydrogen or Deuterium	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, Vol = 32					New Technique of Activating Palladium Surface for Absorption of Hydrogen or Deuterium	loading, Pd, H, D, method	This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins: Activation is carried out by heating a Pd specimen at about 600 ? for several minutes in air. The activated surface is blue, and it is bleached when immersed hi hydrogen gas. The blue film is identified as PdO, and the bleached surface consists of nanocrystallites of metallic Pd, as proved by electron diffraction. An activated Pd plate 0.7 mm in thickness is capable of absorbing, in 1 h, about 70 at% of H or D, the saturation value, in hydrogen gas of 1 atm at room temperature. The atomic ratio of H absorbed in Pd has been estimated to be about 70% when Pd metal is in equilibrium with hydrogen gas of 1 atm at 25?.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/UchikawaHnewtechniq.pdf
4271	Conference Proceedings	Uchida, H., Hamada, Y., Matsumura, Y., Hayashi, T.	1992	Detection of Radioactive Emissions in the Electrolytic Deuteriding-Dedeuteriding Reactions of Pd and Ti	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 539	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Detection of Radioactive Emissions in the Electrolytic Deuteriding-Dedeuteriding Reactions of Pd and Ti	Pd, titanium, D2O, gamma emission, electrolysis, radiation ICCF-3	This report demonstrates the occurrence of radioactive emissions detected by GM (Geiger Mueller) counter in the electrolytic deuteriding de-deutreriding reactions of Pd and Ti. For the Pd samples annealed or cold worked, the excess counts higher than BG (background levels = 32 ? 2 cpm) by factors 1.5 to 2 in average were measured almost continuously and reproducibly during the pulses modulated electrolysis over 600 mA/cm^2. The excess counts were measured for a wild even after electrolysis. For the Ti samples annealed or cold worked, the burst-like GM counts over 200 cpm were often measured at low current densities below 10 mA/cm^2. The much higher burst-like GM counts over 1500 cpm were measured after electrolysis. Counts using a GM counter were observed when Ti was electrolytically loaded or deloaded. Similar results were obtained when Pd was loaded using a current-pulse generator. Details of method are not given	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=277
4270	Journal Article	Uchida, H., Fromm, E.	1983	Effect of Palladium and Oxygen Layers on the Hydrogen Absorption Rate of Tantalum Films at 300 K	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 95					Effect of Palladium and Oxygen Layers on the Hydrogen Absorption Rate of Tantalum Films at 300 K	Ta, H2, loading
4269	Magazine Article	Turney, Jon	2003	Lost in Limbo	New Scientist, Vol = 177, Num = 2387, Page = 48				March 22, 2003	Lost in Limbo	Review
4268	Journal Article	Turner, L.	1994	Peregrinations on Cold Fusion	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 4, Page = 447					Peregrinations on Cold Fusion	theory
4267	Journal Article	Turner, L.	1990	Peregrinations on cold fusion	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9					Peregrinations on cold fusion	theory
4266	Journal Article	Turner, L.	1989	Thoughts Unbottled by Cold Fusion	Phys. Today, Vol = Sept.					Thoughts Unbottled by Cold Fusion	theory resonance, tunneling
4265	Conference Proceedings	Turanciol, F.	1991	Cold Fusion is Confirmed	ICENES					Cold Fusion is Confirmed	theory?
4264	Journal Article	Tukaev, I. N.	2018	On the Experiment that Could Answer the Question Whether the Like Charged Particles, with Relative Velocity Close to Zero, Repel or Attract?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 27					On the Experiment that Could Answer the Question Whether the Like Charged Particles, with Relative Velocity Close to Zero, Repel or Attract?	Bound pairs of charged particles, Charged particle, Cold fusion, Condensate, Coulomb law	This paper considers the conditions of an experiment with results which could answer unambiguously the following question: do like charged particles repel or attract when the magnitude of their relative velocity is close to zero? The answer to this question will either confirm the validity of Coulomb's law, which states that the like charged particles always repel, or the validity of hypothesis by Gustav Theodor Fechner, which was proposed in 1845, and stated that like charged particles with relative velocity close to zero, attract.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedz.pdf#page=36
4263	Conference Proceedings	Tuggle, D. G., Claytor, T. N., Taylor, S. F.	1993	Tritium Evolution from Various Morphologies of Palladium	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 7		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Tritium Evolution from Various Morphologies of Palladium	tritium, Pd, Gas Discharge, D2, ICCF-4
4262	Report	Tuggle, D. G., Claytor, T. N., Menlove, H. O., Catapano, L.	1990	Solid State Fusion Update	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17			Los Alamos		Solid State Fusion Update	Pd, D, neutron
4261	Journal Article	Tsyganov, E. N., Bavizhev, M. D., Buryakov, M. G., Golovatyuk, V. M., Lobastov, S. P., Dabagov, S. B.	2015	Cold Nuclear Fusion in Metal Environment	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17					96 Cold Nuclear Fusion in Metal Environment	Deuterium, Excess power, Nickel, Palladium, Platinum	This paper discusses the mechanism of cold fusion with deuterium and other elements implanted in the potential sites of conductive crystals. Cold fusion in metals becomes possible due to the fact that the implantation of atoms in a crystal guides them to their p excitation levels, which are determined primarily by the positioning of free conduction electrons in a zone of potential sites. The excitation energy of the p-states is about 10?14 eV. The excited atoms? orientation in the crystal is not random but dictated by the crystal lattice's electrostatic potentials. Calculations show that the transparency of the Coulomb potential barrier, for example, in the case of DD-fusion, increases by about 60 orders of magnitude if two deuterium atoms meet each other in the minima of the conductor's potentials in the crisscross orientation. Most of the papers are devoted to the process of DD-fusion in the electrolytic saturation by deuterium in crystals, a process that is extensively studied in these experiments. This paper also briefly comments on other experimental results related to cold fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedp.pdf#page=101
4260	Journal Article	Tsyganov, E. N., Golovatyuk, V. M., Bavizhev, M. D., Dabagov, S. B.	2013	Registration of energy discharge in D + D -> 4He* reaction in conducting crystals (simulation of experiment)	Nucl. Instr. Meth. B					Registration of energy discharge in D + D -> 4He* reaction in conducting crystals (simulation of experiment)	fusion
4259	Journal Article	Tsyganov, E. N.	2012	Cold Nuclear Fusion	Phys. At. Nucl., Vol = 75, Num = 2					Cold Nuclear Fusion	theory
4258	Journal Article	Tsvetkov, S. A.	2012	Initiation of the Cold Fusion Reactions by Air Components	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 8					23-28 Initiation of the Cold Fusion Reactions by Air Components	Deuterium, Nuclear reactions, Titanium	The approach to cold fusion phenomenon based on interactions between deuterium and the components of air in titanium is considered. Experimental results which point at release of excess heat and neutrons are shown. On the basis of these results the nuclear fusion method and the device for its realization are patented. The application of this nuclear fusion method for nuclear waste transmutation, in particular caesium-137, is considered. On the basis of the calculations given conclusion about applicability of the method is made. According to the experimental data, saturation of titanium with deuterium-air mix results in temperature increase of the titanium deuteride sample by 45?, in comparison with saturation of the same sample with pure deuterium. The calculation of excessive heat emission based on these results is given. The conditions necessary for the cold fusion reactions to occur are formulated.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedg.pdf#page=29
4257	Conference Proceedings	Tsvetkov, S. A., Filatov, E. S., Khokhlov, V. A.	2003	EXCESS HEAT IN MOLTEN SALTS OF (LiCl-KCl)+(LiD+LiF) AT THE TITANIUM ANODE DURING ELECTROLYSIS	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	EXCESS HEAT IN MOLTEN SALTS OF (LiCl-KCl)+(LiD+LiF) AT THE TITANIUM ANODE DURING ELECTROLYSIS	Excess heat, molten salt	The electrochemical cell and technique of realization of precision calorimetric measurements is developed. Experiments with molten salts containing of deuteride lithium are carried out. Calorimetric measurements made on the titanium anode during experiments. Measurements made in an inert atmosphere of helium and in an atmosphere of deuterium at various density of an electrolysis current. Excess heat was obtained on the titanium anode in an atmosphere deuterium at electrolysis. The X-ray diffraction analysis made on the used titanium anode. The analysis of the received results is resulted.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TsvetkovSAexcessheat.pdf
4256	Conference Proceedings	Tsvetkov, S. A.	2003	Possibility Of Using Of Cold Fusion For Nuclear Waste Products Transmutation	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Possibility Of Using Of Cold Fusion For Nuclear Waste Products Transmutation	transmutation, nuclear waste	The possibility of using of cold fusion for nuclear waste products transmutation is investigated in this paper. In generally a method is based on saturation of the titanium by a mixture of deuterium and air. Possible nuclear fusion reactions are discussed. Their 'burning out' sections, effective half-life periods and intensity of neutron beams are evaluated. Applicability of the method for a transmutation of the nuclear waste containing Cesium -137 is considered.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TsvetkovSApossibilit.pdf
4255	Journal Article	Tsvetkov, S. A., Bondarenko, N. B., Bel'tyukov, I. L., Varaksin, A. N., Zhivoderov, A. A.	1993	Molecular-dynamics calculation of phase transitions in the Pd-D system and cold nuclear fusion	Phys. Metals Metallogr., Vol = 76					Molecular-dynamics calculation of phase transitions in the Pd-D system and cold nuclear fusion	Theory, phase transition, PdD, distance
4254	Journal Article	Tsuchiya, K.	2014	A Self-Consistent Iterative Calculation for the Two Species of Charged Bosons Related to the Nuclear Reactions in Solids	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					594-602 A Self-Consistent Iterative Calculation for the Two Species of Charged Bosons Related to the Nuclear Reactions in Solids	Bose-Einstein condensation, Cold fusion, Rossi's experiment, Self-consistent method	Many theoretical studies on cold fusion have been done by many workers using Bose?instein condensation (BEC) in order to find a possible mechanism of this phenomenon. In our previous work on BEC approach to the theoretical interpretation of cold fusion, we estimated the transition temperature of BEC in palladium deuteride [1]. It was based on theY.E.Kim's work by using equivalent linear two-body (ELTB) method to the many-body problems of charged bosons trapped in an ion trap [2]. Recently, Kim et al. tried to explain the results of Rossi's experiment [3] by using the ELTB method for a mixture of different two species of positive charged bosons trapped to the harmonic potential [4]. In this study, we verified Kim's theory and considered how to perform the numerical calculation. A self-consistent iterative calculation was introduced and the coupled two equations corresponding to the two species of positive charged bosons were solved.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=604
4253	Conference Proceedings	Tsuchiya, K., Watanabe, A., Ozaki, M., Sasabe, S.	2008	Observation of Optical Phonon in Hydrogen Storage Pd Using Raman Spectroscopy	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Observation of Optical Phonon in Hydrogen Storage Pd Using Raman Spectroscopy	phonon, Ramen spectroscopy	The techniques of hydrogen loading in Pd are developed by many workers. And the states of hydrogen in Pd attract many interests because they might be related to the nuclear reactions. In this study, we have tried to observe optical phonon induced by hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in Pd using Raman spectroscopy. This measurement can be done for the sample completely sealed in a glass tube cutting off the influence of the external air, because glass materials are Raman inactive. In the measurement chamber of spectroscopy device, scattered waves of the incident laser beam from the hydrogen storage Pd are detected and Raman shifts including the information about the optical phonon in the sample are derived.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TsuchiyaKobservatio.pdf
4252	Journal Article	Tsuchiya, K.	2004	Quantum states of deuterons in palladium	Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 20					Quantum states of deuterons in palladium	theory
4251	Conference Proceedings	Tsuchiya, K., Okumura, H.	2004	Theoretical Study of Nuclear Reactions Induced by Bose-Einstein Condensation in Pd	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Theoretical Study of Nuclear Reactions Induced by Bose-Einstein Condensation in Pd	theory
4250	Conference Proceedings	Tsuchiya, K.	2003	Quantum states of deuterons in palladium	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Quantum states of deuterons in palladium	theory	Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is one of the candidates to induce the nuclear fusions in solids, because d-d repulsions are screened by conduction electrons and deuterons can be condensed at defects? in solids. In this work, d-d fusion rate in Pd induced by BEC is estimated. The equivalent linear two-body method, which is based on an approximate reduction of many-body problems by variational principle, is used for the calculation. Thomas-Fermi and non-linear screening potentials are used as d-d interactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TsuchiyaKquantumsta.pdf
4249	Conference Proceedings	Tsuchiya, K.	2002	A possible model for nuclear reaction in metal vacancy including condensed Bose particles	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		A possible model for nuclear reaction in metal vacancy including condensed Bose particles 4046	theory, Bose-Einstein, multi-body
4248	Journal Article	Tsuchiya, K., Ohashi, K., Fukuchi, M.	1995	A possible mechanism for nuclear reactions in solids	Fusion Technol., Vol = 27					A possible mechanism for nuclear reactions in solids	theory, Boson clusters
4247	Journal Article	Tsuchiya, K., Ohashi, K., Fukuchi, M.	1994	Mechanism of Cold Nuclear Fusion II	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 493					Mechanism of Cold Nuclear Fusion II	Theory
4246	Conference Proceedings	Tsuchiya, K., Ohashi, K., Fukuchi, M.	1992	Mechanism of Cold Fusion in Palladium	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 633	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Mechanism of Cold Fusion in Palladium	theory, structure, ICCF-3	A new interpretation of cold nuclear fusion at the center of the boson cluster was given by R. T. Bush et al. The modified theory is given in this paper by adding the effect of screened d-d repulsion. Tunneling probability and power density of cold nuclear fusion in palladium are obtained, and the role of screening effect is found to be very important.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=368
4245	Journal Article	Tsuchiya, K., Ohashi, Y. H., Ohashi, K., Fukuchi, M.	1991	Interaction between two neighboring deuterium atoms in palladium	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 172-174					Interaction between two neighboring deuterium atoms in palladium	theory, distance, jellium
4244	Conference Proceedings	Tsuchida, T., Sasabe, S., Ozaki, M.	2009	The effects of nuclear reactions in solids on the phonon dispersion relation	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		The effects of nuclear reactions in solids on the phonon dispersion relation		In this study, theoretical predictions about the effects of nuclear reactions in solids on the phonon dispersion relations are shown. As an initial model, we have tried to treat one dimensional palladium deuteride and have obtained possible changes of phonon dispersion relations due to DD reactions. This method will be applied to the detection of nuclear reactions in solid by using nuclear scattering or Raman spectroscopy.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceedinga.pdf#page=80
4243	Journal Article	Tsuchida, T.	1963	Role of hydrogen atoms in palladium	J. Phys. Soc. Japan, Vol = 18					Role of hydrogen atoms in palladium	Pd, PdH, susceptibility, Hall effect, Pd-Ag-H, lattice parameter
4242	Journal Article	Tsirlin, M.	2017	Concerning the Problem of Searching for the Optimal Palladium Cathode	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 25					Concerning the Problem of Searching for the Optimal Palladium Cathode	Deuterium absorption, Low-energy nuclear reactions, Pd cathodes, Structural and composition changes	This article attempts to describe the processes occurring on the surface of palladium cathodes during their electrolytic electrolysis in electrolyte on the base of heavy water. The discussion is based on the experimental data on which were obtained in Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) experiments lead for a number of years in Energetics Technology (Israel) (ET). The results of these experiments were presented in detail at the international conferences on cold fusion (ICCF). The main subject of these presentations was the description of experimental techniques and analysis of the results of calorimetric measurements, which in a number of cases indicated anomalous heat release, sometimes very significant, accompanying the process of electrochemical deuteration of Pd cathodes. However, the processes occurring in the cathode material, in particular, its structural transformations occurring during the absorption of deuterium by palladium, in these reports have appeared practically outside of discussion. This article partially fills this gap and, as the author believes, brings some clarity to the problem of searching for ``optimal'' palladium cathodes from the point of view of the probability of initiation of LENR.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedx.pdf#page=62
4241	Journal Article	Tsirlin, M.	2014	Comment on the Article ?imulation of Crater Formation on LENR Cathodes Surfaces?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 14					1-4 Comment on the Article ?imulation of Crater Formation on LENR Cathodes Surfaces?	Craters, Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions, Origin, Pd cathodes	Formation of small craters on the surface of Pd cathode during electrolysis in electrolytes based on heavy water is sometimes interpreted as a consequence of low-temperature nuclear reactions. In this note we discuss the validity of these statements.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedm.pdf#page=7
4240	Journal Article	Tsarev, V. A.	1992	Anomalous nuclear effects in solids ('cold fusion'): questions still remain	Sov. Phys. Usp., Vol = 35					Anomalous nuclear effects in solids ('cold fusion'): questions still remain	critique, review
4239	Journal Article	Tsarev, V. A., Worledge, D. H.	1992	Cold fusion studies in the USSR	Fusion Technol., Vol = 22					Cold fusion studies in the USSR	review
4238	Journal Article	Tsarev, V. A., Chechin, V. A.	1992	On the nonstationary quantum-mechanical nature of anomalous nuclear effects in a solid	Kratk. Soobshch. Fiz., Vol = 9-10					On the nonstationary quantum-mechanical nature of anomalous nuclear effects in a solid	theory
4237	Conference Proceedings	Tsarev, V. A.	1992	Cold Fusion Researches in Russia	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 341	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Cold Fusion Researches in Russia	review, Russia, USSR, ICCF-3	A review of cold fusion research in the former Soviet Union during the past year is presented. Fewer studies than last year because of ecconomic problems.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=86
4236	Journal Article	Tsarev, V. A., Worledge, D. H.	1991	New results on cold nuclear fusion: a review of the conference on anomalous nuclear effects in deuterium/solid systems, Provo, Utah, October 22-24, 1990	Fusion Technol., Vol = 20					New results on cold nuclear fusion: a review of the conference on anomalous nuclear effects in deuterium/solid systems, Provo, Utah, October 22-24, 1990	review
4235	Conference Proceedings	Tsarev, V. A.	1991	Cold Fusion Studies in the USSR	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 319	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Cold Fusion Studies in the USSR	review, USSR, Russia, ICCF-2	The Organizing Committee kindly suggested that I should talk about a state of cold fusion (CF) studies i n the Soviet Union. Offering of a special report dedicated to the soviet scientists works seems to be quite justified, since they are not well known to the western scientific community. Meanwhile, both quantitatively and qualitatively they bring a noticeable contribution to the world 'data bank' on this interesting phenomenon. It is even possible that some of these soviet works have been 'precursors' of the 'cold fusion era'. However, inadequate integration of our science with the western one, aggravated by scanty telecommunication media development, has slowed down the process of information exchange on CF not only with outer world, but also in our country . It is sufficient to say that the first Soviet National Conference on CF took place only recently in March of this year (March 22-26, Dubna-Moscow ). Figuratively speaking up to now we have been working behind the scenes and watching the play. Now it is time to raise the curtain.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=334
4234	Journal Article	Tsarev, V. A., Golubnichii, P. I.	1991	Geological manifestations of cold fusion	Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep.					Geological manifestations of cold fusion	geology
4233	Conference Proceedings	Tsarev, V. A.	1991	Current Status of Cold Fusion	First Int. Sakharov Conf.			Moscow, USSR	May 27-31, 1991	Current Status of Cold Fusion	review, USSR, Russia
4232	Journal Article	Tsarev, V. A.	1990	Cold fusion	Sov. Phys. Usp., Vol = 33, Num = 11, Page = 881					Cold fusion	review
4231	Conference Proceedings	Tsarev, V. A., Worledge, D. H.	1990	Review of new results on cold nuclear fusion	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Review of new results on cold nuclear fusion	review
4230	Journal Article	Trower, W. P.	1989	Cold Fusion As Seen With X-Ray Vision	Physics Today, Vol = July					Cold Fusion As Seen With X-Ray Vision	history
4229	Journal Article	Tripodi, P., Armanet, N., Asarisi, V., Avveduto, A., Marmigi, A., Vinko, J. D., Biberian, J. P.	2009	The effect of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycles on palladium physical properties	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 373, Num = 35					The effect of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycles on palladium physical properties electrochemistry	palladium	A series of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycles have been performed on palladium wire samples, stressed by a constant mechanical tension, in order to investigate the changes in electrical and mechanical properties. A large increase of palladium electrical resistivity has been reported due to the combined effects of the production of defects linked to hydrogen insertion into the host lattice and the stress applied to the sample. An increase of the palladium sample strain due to hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycles in alpha -> beta -> alpha phase transitions is observed compared to the sample subjected to mechanical tension only. The loss of initial metallurgical properties of the sample occurs already after the first hydrogen cycle, i.e. a displacement from the initial metallic behavior (increase of the resistivity and decrease of thermal coefficient of resistivity) to a worse one occurs already after the first hydrogen cycle. A linear correlation between palladium resistivity and strain, according to Matthiessen's rule, has been found.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TripodiPtheeffectoa.pdf
4228	Journal Article	Tripodi, P., Armanet, N., Asarisi, V., Avveduto, A., Marmigi, A., Biberian, J. P., Vinko, J. D.	2009	The effect of hydrogen stoichiometry on palladium strain and resistivity	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 373, Num = 47					The effect of hydrogen stoichiometry on palladium strain and resistivity	palladium	The strain and the electrical resistivity of a Pd sample stressed by a constant tension have been investigated through a series of hydrogenation cycles in a continuous H stoichiometry [0 <= x <= 0.8] range. The isotropic lattice expansion for both 'as drawn' and 'annealed' Pd sample reveals a strain of only 1% from pure Pd to PdH0.8 in disagreement with literature data available; the measured effect is minimum at x = 0.13 (? + ? phase) and then from x = 0.6 (? phase) it has an exponential increase. The contribution of the mechanical tensile stress on the total relative elongation of the wire is also investigated. An increase of the Pd sample tensile strain after each hydrogenation cycle is reported for 'as drawn' samples, while for 'annealed' samples the reverse behaviour is observed. Moreover, annealed samples show considerably higher value of tensile strain compared to 'as drawn'. The variation of mechanical strain versus H content, for both 'annealed' and 'as drawn', has a maximum at x = 0.52. Strain variation and resistivity variation versus H content exhibit similar behaviour.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TripodiPtheeffecto.pdf
4227	Conference Proceedings	Tripodi, P., Di Gioacchino, D., Borelli, R., Vinko, J. D.	2002	Dynamics of hydrogen loading in palladium	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Dynamics of hydrogen loading in palladium 4045	loading, Pd, hydrogen, resistence, electrolysis
4226	Journal Article	Tripodi, P., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L., Honnor, P. A., Di Gioacchino, D., Celani, F., Violante, V.	2000	Temperature coefficient of resistivity at compositions approaching PdH	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 276					Temperature coefficient of resistivity at compositions approaching PdH	Pd PdH resistivity
4225	Conference Proceedings	Triassi, A.	2004	Variation Of The Concentration Of Isotopes Copper And Zinc In Human Plasmas Of Patients Affected By Cancer	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Variation Of The Concentration Of Isotopes Copper And Zinc In Human Plasmas Of Patients Affected By Cancer	theory
4224	Journal Article	Tran, D. N., Tran, D. T., Truong, T. A., Phi, T. H., Tran, V. V.	1990	Investigation of nuclear fusion at the normal temperature	Tap Chi Vat Ly, Vol = 15, Num = 1, Page = 29 (in Vietnamese)					Investigation of nuclear fusion at the normal temperature	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, heat-, neutron-, tritium-
4223	Journal Article	Toumey, C. P.	1996	Conjuring science in the case of cold fusion	Public Understand. Sci., Vol = 5					Conjuring science in the case of cold fusion	history
4222	Conference Proceedings	Toriyabe, Y., Yoshida, K., Kasagi, J.	2009	Li+D and D+D Fusion Assisted with Acoustic Cavitation	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Li+D and D+D Fusion Assisted with Acoustic Cavitation		We have studied the Li+D and D+D fusion reactions in liquid Li by bombarding deuteron beams with energies below 70 keV. In the present work, an ultra sonic target system was developed to form acoustic cavitation bubbles in the liquid Li, in order to investigate the effect of the enhanced dynamic motion of the target. It was found that the ultra sonic effect strongly depends on a target condition and the D+D reaction could be enhanced very much due to the liquid Li cavitation. In addition, the D+D reaction rate is not constant but time dependent. Preliminary analyses indicate that decrease of the Coulomb energy barrier is about 2000 eV for a relatively stable condition. On the contrary, the Li+D reaction shows no meaningful effect for incident energies down to 30 keV. The present results indicate that not only density increase but also another mechanism enhancing reaction rates should be exist in liquid Li acoustic cavitation process.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceedinga.pdf#page=74
4221	Conference Proceedings	Toriyabe, Y., Kasagi, J.	2008	Development of New Detector System for Charged Particle Emission	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Development of New Detector System for Charged Particle Emission	Charged particle
4220	Conference Proceedings	Toriyabe, Y., Mizuno, T., Ohmori, T., Aoki, Y.	2005	Elemental Analysis Of Palladium Electrodes After Pd/Pd Light Water Critical Electrolysis	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Elemental Analysis Of Palladium Electrodes After Pd/Pd Light Water Critical Electrolysis	transmutation, light water	Elemental analyses of palladium electrodes were conducted after a new type of light water electrolysis was performed at optimum conditions in a system designed to induce a nuclear reaction. This process is referred to as Pd/Pd light water critical electrolysis. The conjecture that a nuclear transmutation process is occurring in this experiment is easier to test in this system, because it is easy to determine whether the elements detected on the cathode surface are impurities or transmutation products. We assume that the elements found only on the cathode surface, and nowhere else in the cell as contamination, namely iron, titanium, chromium and so on, must be transmutation products. Furthermore, countless Ohmori-type palladium craters were observed for the first time for this system, and these are evidence that nuclear reactions occurred at the electrode surface.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ToriyabeYelementala.pdf
4219	Journal Article	Tom-nek, D., Sun, Z., Louie, S. G.	1991	Ab initio Calculation of Chemisorption Systems: H on Pd(001) and Pd(110)	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 43					Ab initio Calculation of Chemisorption Systems: H on Pd(001) and Pd(110)	Density Of States, PdH, bonding, theory
4218	Journal Article	Tomellini, M., Gozzi, D.	1990	On the possibility for local oversaturation of deuterium in palladium	J. Mater. Sci. Lett., Vol = 9					On the possibility for local oversaturation of deuterium in palladium	loading, theory
4217	Journal Article	Tomas, P., Blagus, S., Bogovac, M., Hodko, D., Krcmar, M., Miljanic, D., Pravdic, V., Rendic, D., Vajic, M., Vukovic, M.	1989	Deuterium nuclear fusion in metals at room temperature	Fizika (Zagreb), Vol = 21					Deuterium nuclear fusion in metals at room temperature	electrolysis, Pd, neutron, D2O
4216	Journal Article	Tomanek, D., Sun, Z., Louie, S. G.	1991	Ab initio Calculation of Chemisorption Systems: H on Pd(001) and Pd(110)	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 43					Ab initio Calculation of Chemisorption Systems: H on Pd(001) and Pd(110)	Density Of States, PdH, bonding, theory
4215	Journal Article	Toki, H., Sugimoto, K.	2000	Deuteron-alpha Bose-Einstein condensation for coherent deuteron fusion in Pd double structure cathode	Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, Vol = 76B, Num = 3, Page = 35					Deuteron-alpha Bose-Einstein condensation for coherent deuteron fusion in Pd double structure cathode	Theory, Bose-Einstein
4214	Journal Article	Toimela, T.	2018	On the Heat Transfer in LENR Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 26					On the Heat Transfer in LENR Experiments	Heat transfer, LENR, Theory	Thermal conduction is considered in deuterated palladium. We assume that the energy released in a single LENR event thermalizes in a region that has a typical dimension on the order of a hundred nanometers. It is shown that thermal conductivity enables the heat transfer of the energy released in repeated events without causing the lattice to melt. Consequently, continuous power is possible. It is argued that power of close to one watt can arise from a single nuclear active environment, NAE. Both the experimental and theoretical consequences of the results are discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedy.pdf#page=74
4213	Journal Article	Toimela, T.	2016	Theoretical Study of the Transmutation Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					316 Theoretical Study of the Transmutation Reactions	LENR, Surface, Theory, Transmutation, WKB approximation	Transmutation reactions are studied from a theoretical point of view. An idea is proposed to explain the variations in the transmutation ability of different elements, especially the relative inertness of palladium compared to the other elements. Proposals are made in order to verify experimentally this explanation and to enhance the transmutation signal.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=324
4212	Conference Proceedings	Toimela, T.	2007	Multiple Resonance Scattering	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals			Sicily, Italy		Multiple Resonance Scattering	theory	The previously proposed Multiple Resonance Scattering (MRS) theory is elaborated. In addition of predicting a radiationless fusion of two deuterium nuclei into a 4He-nucleus in its ground state, the MRS theory is also shown to be in agreement with the experimental results concerning the transmutations of heavier nuclei. A form for the nuclear active environment is suggested and new experiments are proposed to verify the MRS theory.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ToimelaTmultiplere.pdf
4211	Conference Proceedings	Toimela, T.	2004	Effective Interaction Potential in the Deuterium Plasma and Multiple Resonance Scattering	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Effective Interaction Potential in the Deuterium Plasma and Multiple Resonance Scattering	theory	Abstract The effective interaction potential for charged particles is calculated in the deuterium plasma formed in the surface region of the palladium cathode in the electrolysis of heavy water. It is shown that the Coulomb potential is overscreened producing, at certain distances, an attractive potential between deuterium nuclei pairs and also between the deuterium nuclei and the surface atoms. This behavior of the effective potential in the deuterium plasma can be regarded as a counterpart of the Friedel oscillations of the electron gas at zero temperature. Because of this attractive potential, there are bound states for the deuteron pairs as well as for the surface atoms and deuterons. In these bound states the equilibrium distance between the nuclei is of the order 0.15 - 0.2 ? depending on the number density of deuterons. The fusion rate is calculated for the bounded deuteron pairs and it is found to be of the order?? per deuteron pair for the highest deuteron densities. Furthermore, it is shown that larger fusion rates are possible for the deuterons bound to the surface atoms. This may arise by a process, where the trapped deuterons share the released energy collectively via a proposed Multiple Resonance Scattering (MRS) mechanism. It is then found that the 4He-channel is the overwhelmingly dominant fusion channel. Moreover, the appearance of the transmutation processes in this MRS procedure are briefly discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ToimelaTeffectivei.pdf
4210	Journal Article	Tisenko, Yu. A.	1994	Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. III	Russ. Phys. J., Vol = 37					Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. III	discussion
4209	Journal Article	Tisenko, Yu. A.	1993	Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. II	Sov. Phys. J., Vol = 36					Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. II	titanium single crystal, ultrasound accustic
4208	Journal Article	Tisenko, Yu. A.	1993	Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. I	Sov. Phys. J., Vol = 36					Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. I	discussion
4207	Journal Article	Tinsley, C.	1996	An Interview with Professor Martin Fleischmann	Infinite Energy					An Interview with Professor Martin Fleischmann	History	An interview with Prof. Martin Fleischmann conducted by Christopher P. Tinsley. Source: http://www.infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue11/fleishmann.html	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TinsleyCanintervie.pdf
4206	Journal Article	Timashev, S. F.	1995	Nuclear-chemical transformations in the condensed phase	Zh. Fiz. Khim., Vol = 69					Nuclear-chemical transformations in the condensed phase	Theory, electron capture, dineutron
4205	Journal Article	Timashev, S. F.	1989	Possible mechanisms for nuclear-chemical transformations in a palladium matrix during heavy water electrolysis	Zh. Fiz. Khim., Vol = 63					Possible mechanisms for nuclear-chemical transformations in a palladium matrix during heavy water electrolysis	theory, dineutron
4204	Journal Article	Tien, J. K., Thompson, A. W., Bernstein, I. M., Richards, P. M.	1976	Hydrogen Transport by Dislocations	Metal. Trans. A, Vol = 7					Hydrogen Transport by Dislocations	H, diffusion, Excess Volume, dislocation
4203	Journal Article	Tian, J., Shen, B., Jin, L. H., Zhao, X. G, Lu, X., Wang, H.-Y.	2014	Excess Heat Triggered by Different Current in a D/Pd Gas-loading System	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					586-593 Excess Heat Triggered by Different Current in a D/Pd Gas-loading System	Current triggering, Deuterium pressure, D/Pd gas-loading system, Excess heat	In order to study the relationship between the triggering current, deuterium pressure and the excess heat, a series of experiments were made in a D/Pd gas-loading system. By comparing the system constants (k=?T/?P) in both nitrogen and deuterium atmosphere we found an optimum current (8A) and a deuterium pressure (9??'104 Pa) in which the system could release a maximum excess power (more than 80W). The reproducibility was 16/16 and the excess energy released in the longest experiment was about 300MJ within 40 days, which was corresponding to 104 eV for each palladium atom. Analysis of the palladium surface with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) revealed that some new surface topographical feature with concentrations of unexpected elements (such as Ag, Sn, Pb and Ca) appeared after the current triggering. The results implied that the excess heat might come from a nuclear transmutation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=596
4202	Conference Proceedings	Tian, J., Jin, L. H., Shen, B. J., Weng, Z. K., Lu, X.	2008	Excess Heat Triggering by 532nm Laser in a D/Pd Gas-Loading System	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Excess Heat Triggering by 532nm Laser in a D/Pd Gas-Loading System	D/Pd gas-loading system, heat triggering, static pulsed laser, loading ratio, excess heat	A laser (λ=532 nm) operated in three modes (continuous, static pulsed and dynamic pulsed) was used to irradiate a series of palladium deuterides with different deuteron loading ratios in a D/Pd gas-loading system. (The loading ratios were D/Pd=0, 0.08, 0.10, 0.17 and 0.27.)? The results showed that static pulsed triggering produces a maximum excess heat effect of about 2.6 kJ within a half hour when the loading ratio of Pd was about 0.1 and input power was 25 mW. This corresponds to 4.9 x 10^-15 J/atom D or 1.8 x 10^4 W/cm^3 Pd. The reason the static pulsed triggering produced more excess heat than other two modes needs to be further studied. The proper ratio in the Pd lattice matching a suitable triggering power may be a key point for heat production.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TianJexcessheatb.pdf
4201	Conference Proceedings	Tian, J., Jin, L. H., Shen, B., Wang, Q., Dash, J.	2007	Heat Measurements And Surface Studies Of Pd Wires After Being Exposed To A H2 Gas-Loading System Irradiated With A YAG Frequency Doubling Laser	The 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Sochi, Russia		Heat Measurements And Surface Studies Of Pd Wires After Being Exposed To A H2 Gas-Loading System Irradiated With A YAG Frequency Doubling Laser	Excess heat	Abstract: This study involved excess heat triggering attempts with a YAG frequency doubling laser (λ=532nm) used to irradiate palladium hydrides with different gas-loading ratios. The results showed that experiments using laser stimulation produced no significant excess heat evidence. However, on the surface of Pd sample there were some new elements including Ag and Cd. These were found in localized sites by SEM and EDS analysis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TianJheatmeasur.pdf
4200	Conference Proceedings	Tian, J., Jin, L. H., Weng, Z. K., Song, B., Zhao, X. L., Xiao, Z. J., Chen, G., Du, B. Q.	2004	'Excess Heat' during Electrolysis in Platinium/K2CO3/Nickel Light Water System	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		'Excess Heat' during Electrolysis in Platinium/K2CO3/Nickel Light Water System	nickel, hydrogen NiH, loading, heat
4199	Conference Proceedings	Tian, J., Liu, B., Li, X. Z., Yu, W. Z., Cao, D. X., Zhou, R., Yu, Z. W., Jiang, Z. F., Liu, Y., He, J., Zhou, R. X.	2002	Anomalous heat flow and its correlation with deuterium flux in a gas-loading deuterium-palladium system	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Anomalous heat flow and its correlation with deuterium flux in a gas-loading deuterium-palladium system 4043	heat, deuterium, D2, Pd, radiation	A special experimental device was designed to test the anomalous thermal effect of Pd with deuterium flux (Df ) caused by deuteron diffusion passing through a thin wall of a Pd tube under a D2 pressure difference across the Pd wall. It is found that the variation of the flux was the significant precursor of the anomalous heat, because a remarkable heat flow was detected when the Df? was becoming obviously larger. The experiment was repeated for more than 16 times, and the maximum heat flow detected was 4.8mW whereas the accuracy of the calorimeter is better than 30μW. There were no heat flow detected when the temperature of the device was increased and when the D2 pressure difference equaled to zero. Neither heat flow nor flux was observed in the control experiment using N2.gas. The results of TLD (Themoluminescence dosimeter) detection implied a nuclear origin of the heat flow because the dosage of radiation in reaction vessel was often higher than that in reference vessel.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TianJanomaloush.pdf
4198	Conference Proceedings	Tian, J., Li, X. Z., Yu, W. Z., Mei, M. Y., Cao, D. X., Li, A. L., Li, J., Zhao, Y. G., Zhang, C.	2002	'Excess heat' and 'heat after death' in a gas loading hydrogen/palladium system	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		'Excess heat' and 'heat after death' in a gas loading hydrogen/palladium system	Pd, H2, heat, gas loading	'Super-absorption' could occasionally appear when an H/Pd gas-loaded system was heated by an incandescent tungsten filament. The system-pressure was kept on in 10^-2 Pa for several hours without any aid of pumping. In this stage both 'excess heat' and 'heat after death' was observed once. By calibration, the feature constant of the system was 12.8?/W in maximum. When the 'excess heat' appeared, the system temperature was reached 153? at the highest whereas the stable inputting power was 0.45mW. When the 'heat after death' appeared?here was no power input to the system?he temperature of the system abruptly jumped up to 761?. In the former, 25kJ 'excess heat' within 12 hours was measured which corresponded to 180 eV/atom Pd. And about 2MJ 'heat after death' within 43 hours was corresponding to 13keV/atom Pd. The maximum excess powers in each case were 3.3 and 49W and the correlated power density were 230 and 3600 W/cm^3 Pd respectively. The variation results of concentration of Li-7and Li-6 and their abundance ratio in Pd suggested that the anomalous heat might come from a nuclear origin.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TianJexcessheat.pdf
4197	Journal Article	Tian, Z. Q.	1992	A proposal for a cold fusion study in the Ti/D system	Fusion Technol., Vol = 21					A proposal for a cold fusion study in the Ti/D system	theory, titanium, D2
4196	Journal Article	Thompson, D. T.	1993	Further Evidence for Cold Fusion, A Report on the Third International Conference	Platinum Met. Rev., Vol = 37, Num = 1, Page = 14					Further Evidence for Cold Fusion, A Report on the Third International Conference	review
4195	Journal Article	Thompson, D. T.	1990	A report from the meeting in Salt Lake City	Platinum Met. Rev., Vol = 34					A report from the meeting in Salt Lake City	review
4194	Journal Article	Thompson, A. W.	1974	Hydrogen Compatibility of Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys	Metal. Trans. A, Vol = 5					Hydrogen Compatibility of Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys	H, strength, Ni
4193	Book	Thompkins, P., Byrd, C.	1993	The Secret Life of Plants	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 10, Num = 1, Page = 123		Penguin Books	New York		The Secret Life of Plants	transmutation, biological
4192	Journal Article	Thomassen, K. L.	1991	Remarks by Keith I. Thomassen	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 10, Num = 1, Page = 123					Remarks by Keith I. Thomassen	history
4191	Journal Article	Thacker, B., Stratman, J. E.	1995	Transmuting common substances. The cold fusion controversy and the rhetoric of science	J. Business Tech. Commun., Vol = 9					Transmuting common substances. The cold fusion controversy and the rhetoric of science	history
4190	Journal Article	Tesch, S.	1990	Yet again 'cold' nuclear fusion	Radio. Fernsehen Elektro. (East Ger.), Vol = 39 53 (In German)					Yet again 'cold' nuclear fusion	review
4189	Conference Proceedings	Terazawa, T., Sano, T., Kamiya, Y., Oyabe, Y., Ohi, T.	1996	Sustentation of higher deuterium loading ratio in palladium	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 179	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Sustentation of higher deuterium loading ratio in palladium	Pd, loading, OCV, over voltage, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-6	Higher deuterium loading and its sustentation are considered to be a key issue for generating excess heat on 'cold fusion'. In our previous works, several conditions to achieve a high deuterium loading ratio of palladium were found. It is, however, often observed that the deuterium loading ratio struts decreasing after reaching a maximum value under a same electrolytic condition, and the maximum loading ratio could not be sustained for a necessary period of time to come up to observe any excess heat. To maintain such achieved high loading ratio, we have devised and confirmed a new technique based on a finding that a cell voltage during the electrolysis is one of the most important key factors to control such deloading. As the result of our new method, when the cell voltage is kept constant, accordingly electrolytic currents increase at a certain rate, the maximum deuterium loading can be maintained for more than 200 hours. It is found that the decrease in cell voltages is mostly due to the decrease in the deuterium overpotential, by measuring the deuterium overpotential on a palladium cathode.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=194
4188	Journal Article	Terazawa, H.	1991	Are Super-Hypernuclei Found in Cosmic Rays?	J. Phys. Soc. Japan, Vol = 60					Are Super-Hypernuclei Found in Cosmic Rays?	theory, super heavy elements
4187	Conference Proceedings	Tazima, K. L., Li, X. Z., Dong, S. Y., Wang, S. C., Mo, D. W., Luo, C. M., Lin, Q. R., Wu, X. D., Li, W. Z., Zhu, Y. F., Hou, P. L., Chang, L.	1991	Time-Correlated Neutron Detection From Deuterium Loaded Palladium	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 157	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Time-Correlated Neutron Detection From Deuterium Loaded Palladium	Pd, D2, plasma, ion implantation, neutron, ICCF-2	Significant neutron bursts and good time-correlation between two independent neutron detection systems were observed in two kinds of experiments on cold fusion. One employed two palladium rods of 2 mm diameter and 5 cm length, deuterated under 1 atm for 30 days, and plasma discharge was applied as a trigger. The other was palladium shavings of 10 g deuterated under 11 atm for 40 days. The averaged background level was 5-6 counts/dwell time (100 s). In both cases, significant neutron emission of successive bursts of 13-60 counts/100 s were observed for several hours and repeated several times during 2-11 days in some cases.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=172
4186	Conference Proceedings	Taylor, S. F., Claytor, T. N., Tuggle, D. G., Jones, S. E.	1993	Search for Neutrons from Deuterated Palladium Subject to High Electric Currents	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 17		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Search for Neutrons from Deuterated Palladium Subject to High Electric Currents	neutron, tritium, Pd, D, ICCF-4
4185	Journal Article	Taylor, C. A.	1991	Defining the scientific community: A rhetorical perspective on demarcation	Commun. Monogr., Vol = 58					Defining the scientific community: A rhetorical perspective on demarcation	history
4184	Book	Taubes, G.	1993	Bad science. The short life and weird times of cold fusion	Science, Vol = 248		Random House	NY		Bad science. The short life and weird times of cold fusion	history, book		0-394-58456-2
4183	Journal Article	Taubes, G.	1990	Cold Fusion Conundrum at Texas A & M	Science, Vol = 248					Cold Fusion Conundrum at Texas A & M	history, tritium
4182	Journal Article	Tateno, H., Iwashita, Y.	1991	An attempt to observe nuclear fusion in titanium by internal friction	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Suppl., Vol = 30					An attempt to observe nuclear fusion in titanium by internal friction	titanium, internal friction, D2, H2
4181	Journal Article	Tashyrev, O., Govorukha, V., Matvieieva, N., Havryliuk, O.	2019	Thermodynamic Prediction for Novel Environmental Biotechnologies of Radioactive Waste Water Purification	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 28					Thermodynamic Prediction for Novel Environmental Biotechnologies of Radioactive Waste Water Purification	Bioremediation of ecosystems, Biotechnologies, Microorganisms, Purification of radioactive waste water, Thermodynamic predictions, history	Extended abstract.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedza.pdf#page=56
4180	Conference Proceedings	Taplin, H.	1998	'Light Element Fission', The Lithium-Fast Proton Nuclear Reaction	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 478	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	'Light Element Fission', The Lithium-Fast Proton Nuclear Reaction	Theory, transmutation, He, ICCF-7	The basic reaction is Li + H* -> 2He + 17.3 MeV of energy. (Alphas). This nuclear reaction was first discovered in 1932 by Cockroft and Walton and is one of the earliest observed and studied. They observed single collisions of elements using tracks in a cloud chamber.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=478
4179	Journal Article	Tanzella, F. L., Godes, R., Liu, J., George, Robert	2020	Mass and Heat Flow Calorimetry in Brillouin's Reactor	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Mass and Heat Flow Calorimetry in Brillouin's Reactor	Excess energy, Hydrogen gas, Nickel, Pulse stimulation, System identification	Brillouin Energy (BEC) has continued performing calorimetry measurements on the metal (e.g. Ni)/ceramic/Cu coated ceramic tube (catalyst) in a H2 atmosphere with nanosecond pulses applied across the coatings. The Energy Research Center (ERC) has been examining and verifying BEC's calorimetry for over 18 months since 2 of the calorimeters have been moved from SRI International to BEC's laboratory. We have continued our testing of new materials, material fabrication techniques, and electrical stimulation methods to produce excess power and energy output. By applying fast pulses of several hundred volts and tens of nanoseconds long, the current follows the ??kin-effect? principle and is concentrated at the outer metal?eramic interface but returns through the bulk of the Cu. Two stimulation methods were used ? steady-state and dynamic. In the steady-state method, the pulse power is measured directly using fast oscilloscopes that record the voltage across the catalyst and a shunt resistor in series with the catalyst. The resistance of the shunt resistor is measured accurately under DC and pulse conditions. The input pulse power is determined by multiplying the calculated root-mean-square voltage and current and recorded every 10 s. Using a version of the system identification (SI) heat-flow model designed specifically for the BEC calorimeter, the power reaching the five temperature sensors is determined during simultaneous continuous ramps of both heater and pulse powers. The power emanating from the catalyst is determined during sequences of less frequent, longer duration, low voltage pulses (LVP) and compared to that found using more frequent, shorter duration, high voltage pulses (HVP). The power determined during the less frequent LVP is set as the input power during that sequence. The power of the stimulation pulses during the more frequent HVP sequences is maintained equal to that during the less frequent LVP. Then the calculated power output from the tube is divided by that calculated during the reference sequences, giving a so-called coefficient of performance (COP). We have also used mass flow calorimetry to determine COP. Low voltage, long pulses are chosen to match the input power from high voltage, short pulses. The low voltage pulses are not thought to stimulate LENR, while the high voltage pulses are. This provides a method to compare matching input power under conditions that stimulate LENR with conditions that do not. Any excess heat detected from the high voltage pulse condition is considered to be generated by LENR rather than resistive heating.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=39
4178	Journal Article	Tanzella, F. L., George, Robert, Godes, R.	2019	Nanosecond Pulse Stimulation in the Ni-H2 System	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Nanosecond Pulse Stimulation in the Ni??2 System	Calorimetry, Excess energy, Hydrogen gas, Nickel, Pulse stimulation	Brillouin Energy and SRI International (SRI) have been performing calorimetry measurements on the Ni(Pd?i/ceramic/Cu(Ni) coated tubes in a H2 atmosphere with nanosecond pulses applied across the ceramic coating. We have been testing new materials, material fabrication techniques, and electrical stimulation methods to produce power and energy output in excess of that reported earlier. By applying fast pulses of several hundred volts and tens of nanoseconds long, the current follows the ??kin-effect? principle and is concentrated at the Ni?eramic interface but returns through the bulk of the Cu. Two stimulation methods were used ? steady-state and dynamic. In the steady-state method, the pulse power is measured directly using fast oscilloscopes that record the voltage across the tube and a shunt resistor in series with the tube. The resistance of the shunt resistor is measured accurately under DC and pulse conditions. The input pulse power is determined by multiplying the calculated root-mean-square voltage and current and recorded every 10 s. Using a sophisticated model of the calorimeter with up to 15 coefficients, the power reaching the five temperature sensors is determined during simultaneous continuous ramps of both heater and pulse powers. The power emanating from the tube is determined during sequences of more frequent low voltage pulses (LVP) and compared to that found using less frequent high voltage pulses (HVP). The power determined during the more frequent LVP is set as the input power during that sequence. The power of the stimulation pulses during the less frequent HVP sequences is maintained equal to that during the more frequent LVP. Then the power calculated from the tube is divided by that calculated during the reference sequences, giving a so-called coefficient of performance (COP). We have shown an increase in both absolute LENR power produced and in COP.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=211
4177	Conference Proceedings	Tanzella, F. L., Godes, R., George, Robert	2019	Advanced Isoperibolic Calorimetry in Brillouin's Reactor	2019 LANR/CF Colloquium at MIT			Cambridge, MA		Advanced Isoperibolic Calorimetry in Brillouin's Reactor		Earlier results Existing reactor tube designs and pulse stimulation methods Isoperibol (IPB) calorimeter and existing methods Recent results from IPB reactor/calorimeter Mass flow calorimetry in IPB reactor New calibration methods Preliminary results	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TanzellaFLadvancedis.pdf
4176	Report	Tanzella, F. L.	2018	Isoperibolic Hydrogen Hot Tube Reactor Studies	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24		SRI International			Isoperibolic Hydrogen Hot Tube Reactor Studies
4175	Journal Article	Tanzella, F. L., Godes, R., Herrera, R., Eveleigh, C.	2017	Controlled Electron Capture: Enhanced Stimulation and Calorimetry Methods	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Controlled Electron Capture: Enhanced Stimulation and Calorimetry Methods	Controlled electron capture, Hydrogen, Isoperibolic, Nickel, Power compensation	The Controlled Electron Capture (CEC) method has been extended to use faster rise and fall time pulses, hydrogen isotope gas based systems at temperatures up to 650?C, and more precise and accurate calorimetry relative to results presented earlier. Our isoperibolic (IPB) cell/calorimeter is operated as an isothermal compensation type calorimeter. Potential sources of error in this system are discussed as well the methods used to minimize them. In power compensation mode the cell is held at a constant temperature using a heater power feedback system and constant power pulses or DC power steps are added to the system, resulting in a reduction of heater power. The relationship between this heater power reduction and DC power passed along the reactor core yields a calibration curve at different temperatures that allows us to evaluate how much output power increased during a given stimulation pulse. The IPB cell/calorimeter was stimulated by commanding different pulse widths at constant amplitude with the pulse power held constant by appropriately varying the pulse repetition rate. At 250?300?C the ratio of output power increase to input pulse power varied from 1.0 to over 2.0 depending on the pulse width at constant input power. That ratio was always 1.0 at all pulse widths attempted at 600?C. These results have been seen tens of times. The amount of excess power was also dependent on the composition of the gas and the metal alloy coatings on the core. The outer layer of the core was always pure Ni. The composition of a multilayer metal?ielectric metal coated core was chosen to allow for reasonable hydrogen solubility and mobility at 300?C. The results of various experiments are discussed Importantly these results presented here ignore the heater power necessary to maintain temperature and the losses in the pulse generator, which can be several times greater than either the stimulation power or power gain.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=313
4174	Journal Article	Tanzella, F. L., Bao, J., McKubre, M. C. H., Hagelstein, P. L.	2016	Seeking X-rays and Charge Emission from a Copper Foil Driven at MHz Frequencies	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					110 Seeking X-rays and Charge Emission from a Copper Foil Driven at MHz Frequencies	Charge emission, Collimated X-ray emission, Karabut experiment, Up-conversion, Vibrations	The absence of energetic nuclear particles in the Fleischmann?ons experiment has been interpreted as indicating that a large nuclear quantum can be down-converted into a great many low energy vibrational quanta. Models that describe this also suggest that low energy vibrational quanta can be up-converted to produce nuclear excitation. Karabut's collimated X-ray emission has been interpreted as being due to the up-conversion of vibrational energy in a small cathode to produce excitation in 201Hg. To test this, we developed a new experiment to vibrate a copper foil with and without surface Hg, and we looked for X-ray emission and charge emission from the surface. Signals were observed in the detectors in both cases; however, the signals in the X-ray detector did not respect the absorption edge of the Be window and are artifacts; and the large current signals associated with charge emission did not charge a capacitor in a simple configuration. We conclude that both are artifacts. The absence of collimated X-ray emission in this case is interpreted as due to the absence of strong low energy nuclear transitions in the copper, and also as ruling out a candidate theoretical model involving up-conversion due to interactions with negative energy transitions. A new interpretation of the Karabut experiment focuses now on lower frequency vibrations in the massive steel cathode holder and vacuum chamber as responsible for the up-conversion, and transfer of the up-converted energy to surface 201Hg to produce the collimated X-ray emission.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=118
4173	Journal Article	Tanzella, F. L., Bao, J., McKubre, M. C. H., Hagelstein, P. L.	2012	Stimulation of Metal DeuterideWires at Cryogenic Temperatures	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 8					176-186 Stimulation of Metal DeuterideWires at Cryogenic Temperatures	Calorimetry, Cold fusion, Deuterium, Electrochemistry, Excess heat, Helium, Palladium	Several groups have reported anomalous effects (heat and nuclear products) in thin PdDx materials stimulated by different forms of electro-diffusion. Using our cryogenic calorimeter we have measured the energy released from destructive electro-diffusion of a highly loaded PdH(D)x wires, co-deposited PdH(D)xon highly loaded PdH(D)x wires, and NiH(D)x wires. Generally, the D loaded metals yielded greater and more reliable excess energy than seen with the H loaded metals. The co-deposited PdDxon highly loaded PdDxwires yielded greater excess energy than the bulk wire hydrides or PdDxco-deposited on Ag wires as predicted by the calculations of Hagelstein and DeChiaro. The addition of a partial monolayer of a recombination poison yields a highly loaded PdDx cathode. Electro-stimulation of NiH(D)xwires have also shown excess energy, suggesting that renewed interest in this system may be justified.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedg.pdf#page=182
4172	Journal Article	Tanzella, F. L., Bao, J., McKubre, M. C. H.	2012	Cryogenic Calorimetry of 'Exploding' PdDx Wires	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6					Cryogenic Calorimetry of 'Exploding' PdDx Wires	Cyrogenic calorimetry, Deuterium loading, Electrochemical, Detectability, Exploding wires	Reports in the literature have shown that thin PdDx structures have yielded anomalous effects (heat and nuclear products) when stimulated by different forms of electro diffusion. We have designed, constructed, and operated a calorimeter operating at 77 K with a minimum detectability of less than 0.1 J and an accuracy of less than 0.06 J, which utilizes an ?xploding wire? technique to examine the effect of a destructive electro-diffusion on a highly loaded PdDx wire. We have shown, using a very thin Pd wire cathode and a thin Pt wire anode, that highly loaded PdDx wires can be formed using high-voltage electrolysis of very high-purity D2O. Highly loaded PdDx wires can disintegrate (?xplode?) to form microscopic particles when subjected to high current density pulses at 77 K. Under certain conditions PdDx wires can yield excess energy when subjected to high-current density pulses at 77 K.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensede.pdf#page=99
4171	Conference Proceedings	Tanzella, F. L., Bao, J., McKubre, M. C. H.	2012	CMNS Research at SRI (PowerPoint slides)	International Low Energy Nuclear Reactions Symposium, ILENRS-12			The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185		CMNS Research at SRI (PowerPoint slides)	review	Three Major Parts of the Field Now * Electrochemical loading of Deuterons into Palladium ? - The initial Fleischmann-Pons approach [FPE] ? - Most work in the field has been in this class ? - 90% of the effort at SRI has been directed to this * Gas loading of Deuterons into Palladium ??- Les Case 'nano'-Pd on C ? - Arata-Zhang combined electrochemistry and gas loading * Gas loading of Protons (and D) into Nickel (and other metals) ? - Work began by Piantelli in early 1990s ? - Recent results at SRI	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TanzellaFLcmnsresear.pdf
4170	Conference Proceedings	Tanzella, F. L., McKubre, M. C. H.	2009	Calorimetry Of Pulse Electro-Melting of PdDx Wires	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Calorimetry Of Pulse Electro-Melting of PdDx Wires		Several groups have reported anomalous effects (heat and nuclear products) in thin PdDx materials stimulated by different forms of electro-diffusion. We have designed and tested a calorimeter utilizes an ?xploding wire? technique to examine the effect of a destructive electrodiffusion on a highly loaded PdDx wire. We have shown that highly loaded PdDx wires can be formed using high voltage electrolysis of very high purity D2O with a very thin Pd wire cathode and a thin Pt wire anode. The addition a partial monolayer of a recombination poison yields a highly loaded PdDx cathode. Following that step with the addition of a larger amount of that same poison seals the loaded wire and allows transfer to a cryogenic calorimeter. Our liquid nitrogen boil-off cryogenic calorimeter has been shown to have an accuracy of less than 0.4 J.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=86
4169	Conference Proceedings	Tanzella, F. L., McKubre, M. C. H., Hagelstein, P. L., Orondo, P.	2009	Triggered Energy Release From Palladium Deuteride (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Triggered Energy Release From Palladium Deuteride (PowerPoint slides)	heat, helium	Research Objective To understand what limits the rate of energy release (power) from the FPE in intentionally destructive experiments employing small, safe samples of ~1:1 PdD in a novel low temperature calorimeter. To search for evidence of potential products of nuclear reaction. To understand underlying reaction processes and mechanisms (theory). To generate, measure, and understand nuclear-level heat effects: * in small, safe samples of ~1:1 PdD * electrochemically formed from fine, short PdDx wires with various known He content * stimulated electrically and/or by laser pulse * measure heat in a novel calorimeter * verify nuclear effects by analyzing the wires for changes in their 3He and 4He content and ratio.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TanzellaFLtriggerede.pdf
4168	Conference Proceedings	Tanzella, F. L., McKubre, M. C. H., Hagelstein, P. L.	1998	Methods for Observing Anomalous Energy Transfer in Solids	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 393	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Methods for Observing Anomalous Energy Transfer in Solids	particle emission, gamma emission, Pd, D2O, H2O, electrolysis, replication ICCF-7	Based on one of the author's (PLH) theoretical predictions concerning the experimental observation of the consequences of anomalous energy transfer in suitably configured solids, a series of experiments was performed. This theory predicts the production of conventional nuclear products, such as y-rays, a- and B-particles and other charged particles in suitably defined solids, when the energies are modulated on the chemical, rather than nuclear, energy scale. Experiments were carried out in four categories. In one set of experiments, those designed to detect the emission of charged particles during the rapid deloading of metal hydrides on heating, results which may be attributable to anomalous charged particle emission were observed; however, at the present time, mundane experimental artifacts cannot be ruled out as sources of the observed signal. No other anomalies were observed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=393
4167	Conference Proceedings	Tanzella, F. L., Crouch-Baker, S., McKeown, A., McKubre, M. C. H., Williams, M., Wing, S.	1996	Parameters affecting the loading of hydrogen isotopes into palladium cathodes	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 171	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Parameters affecting the loading of hydrogen isotopes into palladium cathodes	loading, Pd, D2O, OCV, composition, electrolysis, surface analysis, ICCF-6	We have tested our new Degree of Loading (DoL) cell design which can be directly transferred to the SRI mass flow calorimeter. We have shown that appropriately prepared Pd cathodes can reach high loadings in this new design and that the cells can be transferred to the calorimeter without degrading the cathode's or cell's performance. In all of the experiments the cathode deloaded at higher current densities, and ostensibly identical cathodes yield significantly different D:Pd loading/current density profiles. In the new cell design high purity Pd from IMRA Materials and Johnson Matthey have generally loaded better than recent lots of 99.9% Engelhard Pd. Pd that IMRA Materials cast in air with added CaB6 held its loading best at higher current densities. Electrolyte additives Al, Si, Nd and Sm had no perceptible effect on loading behavior. The regular addition of Cl- ion, similar to what might happen when topping up open cells, can increase or maintain loading. The presence of Cu is detrimental to good loading . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TanzellaFLparameters.pdf
4166	Conference Proceedings	Taniguchi, S., Shimadu, S., Narita, S., Odashima, T., Teshima, N., Ohmori, T.	2005	ICP-MS Analysis of Electrodes and Electrolytes after HNO3/H2O Electrolysis	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	ICP-MS Analysis of Electrodes and Electrolytes after HNO3/H2O Electrolysis	transmutation
4165	Conference Proceedings	Taniguchi, M., Kaji, N., Takahashi, A.	1996	Search for Anomalous Nuclear Reactions in PdDx by Detection of Nuclear Products in Vacuum/Gas System	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 356	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Search for Anomalous Nuclear Reactions in PdDx by Detection of Nuclear Products in Vacuum/Gas System	Pd, particle emission, neutron, ICCF-6	To detect charged particles from deuterated palladium for the direct evidence of anomalous nuclear reactions in solids, the heat-and-gas-release experiments have been performed. No very clear data for charged particle emission, neutron emission and helium-4 production have been obtained until now. The cause of mass-5 peak increase was discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=371
4164	Conference Proceedings	Taniguchi, R.	1993	Characteristic Peak Structures on Charged Particle Spectra During Electrolysis Experiment	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 18		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Characteristic Peak Structures on Charged Particle Spectra During Electrolysis Experiment	particle emission, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, energy, ICCF-4
4163	Conference Proceedings	Taniguchi, R., Yamamoto, T.	1992	Fine Structure of the Charged Particle Bursts Induced by D2O Electrolysis	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 519	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Fine Structure of the Charged Particle Bursts Induced by D2O Electrolysis	particle emission, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-3	Internal structures of charged particle bursts induced by the D2O electrolysis have been studied by use of a fast response measurement system. Charged particles were detected by a NE102a plastic scintillation counter. The electrolysis was continued at low temperature at 4? for 3 hours. After then, the cell was warmed up to several ten degrees of Celsius scale. During the warming-up, we caught some anomalous pulse emissions of charged particles. The pulse shapes of the bursts were found to be complicated and the duration of the bursts was distributed from 40 to 100 nanosecond . Comparison of these pulse shapes and standard response for a single particle suggests that the burst is a pile-up pulse and consists of many particles. Pd foil was electrolytically charged from one side and charged particles were observed from the other side. A complicated pulse shape of burst emission was found which could not be used to identify the species.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=257
4162	Journal Article	Taniguchi, R., Yamamoto, T., Irie, S.	1990	Fine structure of the charged particle bursts induced by D2O electrolysis	Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect., Ser A, Vol = 39, Num = 2, Page = 233					Fine structure of the charged particle bursts induced by D2O electrolysis	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, particle emission
4161	Journal Article	Taniguchi, R., Yamamoto, T.	1990	High sensitivity measurement of charged particles using a silicon surface barrier detector	Hoshasen, Vol = 16					High sensitivity measurement of charged particles using a silicon surface barrier detector	particle emission, electrolysis, Pd
4160	Conference Proceedings	Taniguchi, R., Yamamoto, T.	1990	High Sensitivity Measurement of Charged Particles Emitted During Pulsed Electrolysis of D2O	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 445	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	High Sensitivity Measurement of Charged Particles Emitted During Pulsed Electrolysis of D2O	particle emission, D2O, Pd
4159	Journal Article	Taniguchi, N., Baba, S., Kawamura, K., Gamo, T.	1990	Conditions for cold nuclear fusion	Nippon Kagaku Kaishi					Conditions for cold nuclear fusion	electrolysis Pd, D2O, D2, titanium, gamma emission
4158	Journal Article	Taniguchi, R., Yamamoto, T., Irie, S.	1989	Detection of charged particles emitted by electrolytically induced cold nuclear fusion	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, Vol = 28, Num = 11, Page = L2021					Detection of charged particles emitted by electrolytically induced cold nuclear fusion	neutron, method, particle emission, Pd, D2O, H2O	This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins: We have tried to obtain evidence for electrolytically induced cold nuclear fusion by detecting charged particles associated with the nuclear reaction. Charged particles were detected by a conventional silicon surface barrier detector attached close to the thin foil cathode which formed the bottom of an electrolysis cell. The efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio of this system are higher than those of neutron detection systems, which made it easy to determine whether the fusion occurred or not. The energy spectrum measured with the electrolysis of D2O suggested that the nuclear reaction took place in palladium cathode.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TaniguchiRdetectiono.pdf
4157	Conference Proceedings	Tani, T., Kobayashi, Y.	1996	A model for neutron emission from condensed matter	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 319	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		A model for neutron emission from condensed matter	theory, neutron, ICCF-6	We propose a quantum-mechanical model for the neutron emission from condensed matter. This model is based on two new phenomena: the tunnel disintegration of an ionized deuterium molecule and the subsequent dipole disintegration of a deuteron. We calculated the probabilities of the neutron emission from condensed matter by considering the mechanisms of the dipole disintegration, especially the transition from the ground state to the decaying state. The results of the numerical calculation can successfully explain the important features of the neutron energy spectrum : the 2.45-MeV peak, the high-energy component at 3 ~ 7 MeV, and the large Tin ratio. This indi cates that the 2.45-MeV neutrons can be predicted by the dipole disintegration of the deuteron instead of the d-d nuclear fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=334
4156	Conference Proceedings	Tani, T., Kobayashi, Y.	1992	Tunnel Disintegration and Neutron Emission Probability	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 589	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Tunnel Disintegration and Neutron Emission Probability	theory, ICCF-3	It is shown that the main features of the so-called cold fusion, that is, poor reproducibility, high tin ratio and the energy spectrum of neutrons, can be explained by the 'tunnel disintegration' of a deuterium and the subsequent 'dipole disintegration' of a deuteron. Especially, the 2.45-MeV peak found in the energy spectrum, which has been considered to be owing to the d-d nuclear fusion, is explained by this mechanism, and therefore the observation of 2.45-MeV neutrons may not be a direct verification of the d-d nuclear fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=325
4155	Conference Proceedings	Tanaka, T., Himeno, S.	2002	A possible enhancement mechanism	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		A possible enhancement mechanism 4042	theory, electron screening	An enhancing mechanism of nuclear fusions is presented, most part of which is within the framework of the traditional theories. In this mechanism, electron currents play an important role, which are induced by an externally applied field or counterstreams of free electrons which naturally exist inside, surface and outside of bulk metals. At places of electron currents, the electric potential becomes negative and there relevant nuclei gather and collide. Then, if electrons exist in close vicinities in addition, there the electric potential barriers are lowered further and the tunneling effects which bring about nuclear fusions drastically increase. Resultantly, the rate of nuclear fusions enhances as a whole. Then, if shape of the current can be sufficiently fine and strong the increase is more drastic. It is not clear that at present the mechanism can make enhance the fusion to any extent	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TanakaTapossiblee.pdf
4154	Journal Article	Tanaka, M.	1992	Parametric enhancement of the tunneling transmission through a potential barrier	J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., Vol = 29					Parametric enhancement of the tunneling transmission through a potential barrier	theory, tunnelling
4153	Journal Article	Tanabe, K.	2020	Plasmonic Field Enhancement at Oxide/Metal Interfaces for Condensed Matter Nuclear Fusion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 31					Plasmonic Field Enhancement at Oxide/Metal Interfaces for Condensed Matter Nuclear Fusion	Electrolysis, Electromagnetic field, Interface, Laser, Metal, Nanoparticles, Nanophotonics, Plasmonics, Power/energy density functional calculation, Phase diagram, Quantum espresso, Thermodynamics	The enhancement of electromagnetic field energy density around planar metal/oxide interfaces and metal nanoparticles in oxide matrices has been quantitatively investigated, to analyze the experiments reported so far, as well as to provide a design guide for future experimental systems. We have found that a certain degree of enhancement is available for commonly used material combinations in the field of condensed-matter nuclear fusion, and use of Ag, Al, Au, and Cu would particularly provide significantly larger enhancement. This electromagnetic boosting effect may have unknowingly benefited the experiments reported so far, particularly for the electrolysis-type ones, and its active utilization by proper material and structure choices can improve condensed-matter fusion systems further.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzd.pdf#page=6
4152	Journal Article	Tanabe, K.	2018	Plasmonic Field Enhancement on Planar Metal Surfaces for Condensed Matter Nuclear Fusion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 27					Plasmonic Field Enhancement on Planar Metal Surfaces for Condensed Matter Nuclear Fusion	Electromagnetic field, Electrolysis, Interface, Laser, Metal, Nanophotonics, Plasmonics, Power/energy density	The enhancement of electromagnetic field energy density around planar metal/dielectric interfaces has been quantitatively investigated. We have found that a certain degree of enhancement is available for Pd, Ni, and Ti, which are commonly used in the field of condensed-matter nuclear fusion. Our results indicate that this electromagnetic boosting effect may have been unknowingly produced in the experiments reported so far, particularly for the electrolysis-type ones. Importantly, this plasmonic enhancement occurs in the case of an optical-power incidence as well as an electric-bias application. It is therefore important to design and optimize the experimental systems, including the choice of materials, structures, and operating conditions, while accounting for the plasmonic energy enhancement effect around the metal surfaces.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedz.pdf#page=158
4151	Journal Article	Tanabe, K.	2017	Plasmonic Concepts for Condensed Matter Nuclear Fusion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Plasmonic Concepts for Condensed Matter Nuclear Fusion	Electromagnetic field enhancement, Laser, Metal nanoparticles, Metal nanoshells, Nanophotonics, Plasmonics, Power/energy density	We propose and numerically investigate a scheme to provide high-density optical or electromagnetic energy to fuel materials for condensed matter nuclear fusion. Surface plasmons in metal nanoparticulates strongly interact with electromagnetic fields at their resonance, resulting in an intense focusing of the incident energy around the metal surface. It is therefore possible to take the advantage of such high energy concentration, under laser or electric power input, for instance by simply coating the conventional Pd-based fuel materials with noble-metal nanoparticles or nanoshells. This field-enhancement effect can be a powerful method to boost the fusion-triggering electromagnetic or optical energy to significantly improve the reaction rate and experimental reproducibility, and to create low-D-load fusion systems. Importantly, this enhancement scheme is applicable to both gas- and liquid-phase systems, and furthermore, not only for laser/optical power, but also for the conventional electrolysis systems due to the equivalency between light and electromagnetic fields. We also show that the conventional fusion-catalyzing metals of Pd, Ni, and Ti themselves intrinsically exhibit a certain degree of field enhancement for their nanostructured form. Therefore, we point out that this plasmonic effect may have been unknowingly produced particularly in the electrolysis-type fusion experiments reported so far. This field-enhancement phenomenon thus could be a clue to solve the mystery of the energy supplied to overcome the gigantic Coulomb barrier to produce the fusion reaction observed with visible rates, as well as a powerful tool for further technical progress.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=308
4150	Journal Article	Tamayo, J. M. M., Rivas, J. M., Celis, B. Z., Garcia, F. P. R., Penaloza, O. N.	1990	Experiments on cold fusion at IMP	Rev. Inst. Mex. Pet., Vol = 22					Experiments on cold fusion at IMP	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, tritium, gamma emission, heat-
4149	Conference Proceedings	Tamaki, M., Tasaka, K.	1992	Field Formation of the Condensed Matter Fusion by Electro-Transport of Deuterium in Palladium	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 593	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Field Formation of the Condensed Matter Fusion by Electro-Transport of Deuterium in Palladium	Pd, H, charge, structure, PdH, electromigration, ICCF-3, effective charge	A model of cold fusion was proposed. Electrotransport effect on deuterium in palladium was crystallographically examined and verified for the field formation of the condensed matter fusion. Electrotransported palladium hydride was analyzed by neutron radiographic technique. The effective number of the electric charge of hydrogen in PdH0.67 was evaluated to be +0.30 ? 0.05. Effective charge of H in PdH0.67 is +0.30??0.05.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=392
4148	Journal Article	Talley, T. L.	1989	Importance of Tritium Experiments	The 7th Biennial Nuclear Design Phys. Conf					Importance of Tritium Experiments	theory, tritium, fractofusion
4147	Conference Proceedings	Talley, T. L.	1989	Nuclear weapon Implications of 'Cold' Fusion	The 7th Biennial Nuclear Design Phys. Conf			Lawrence Livermore Laboratory	Oct. 15-20, 1989	Nuclear weapon Implications of 'Cold' Fusion	theory, weapon
4146	Book Section	Taleyarkhan, R. P., West, C. D., Lahey, R. T., Nigmatulin, R. I., Block, R. C., Cho, J. S., Xu, Y.	2009	Recent Advances and Results in Acoustic Inertial Confinement Bubble Nuclear Fusion	Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2		American Chemical Society	Washington DC		ACS Symposium Series Recent Advances and Results in Acoustic Inertial Confinement Bubble Nuclear Fusion			doi: 10.1021/bk-2009-1029.ch008 0-8412-2454-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1029.ch008
4145	Journal Article	Taleyarkhan, R. P., West, C. D., Cho, J. S., Lahey, R. T., Nigmatulin, R. I., Block, R. C.	2002	Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavation (Supplemental #2 for Science Online)	Science, Vol = 295					Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavation (Supplemental #2 for Science Online)	acoustic, sonic, neutron
4144	Journal Article	Taleyarkhan, R. P., West, C. D., Cho, J. S., Lahey, R. T., Nigmatulin, R. I., Block, R. C.	2002	Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavation (Supplemental #1 for Science Online)	Science, Vol = 295					Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavation (Supplemental #1 for Science Online)	acoustic, sonic, neutron
4143	Journal Article	Taleyarkhan, R. P., West, C. D., Cho, J. S., Lahey, R. T., Nigmatulin, R. I., Block, R. C.	2002	Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavation	Science, Vol = 295					Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavation	acoustic, sonic, neutron
4142	Report	Taleyarkhan, R. P., Block, R. C., West, C. D., Lahey, R. T.	2002	Comments on Shapira and Saltmarsh report	JOWOG-12 Meeting, Atomic Weapons Estab.		Purdue U.			Comments on Shapira and Saltmarsh report	review
4141	Conference Proceedings	Talcott, C. L., Storms, E.	1990	An Overview of 'Cold Fusion'	JOWOG-12 Meeting, Atomic Weapons Estab.			Aldermaston, England	Sept. 10-14, 1990	An Overview of 'Cold Fusion'	review
4140	Conference Proceedings	Talcott, C. L.	1990	Palladium Lattice Dimension Changes Associated With the Two Legs of the Hystersis Loop	JOWOG-12 Meeting, Atomic Weapons Estab.			Aldermaston	Sept. 10-14, 1990	Palladium Lattice Dimension Changes Associated With the Two Legs of the Hystersis Loop	PdD, Lattice Parameter, PdH
4139	Conference Proceedings	Talcott, C. L., Storms, E., Jalbert, R. A., Hoffman, N., David, M. A.	1989	Tritium Measurements: Methods, Pitfalls, and Result	EPRI/NSF Planning Workshop			Washington, DC	Oct. 16-18, 1989	Tritium Measurements: Methods, Pitfalls, and Result	tritium, error, method, Pd, D2O, electrolysis
4138	Journal Article	Takeda, T.	1991	Theory of room temperature nuclear fusion	Genshiryoku Kogyo, Vol = 37, Num = 4, Page = 40 (in Japanese)					Theory of room temperature nuclear fusion	review
4137	Journal Article	Takeda, T., Takizuka, T.	1989	Fractofusion mechanism	J. Phys. Soc. Japan, Vol = 58, Num = 9, Page = 3073					Fractofusion mechanism	Theory, fractofusion
4136	Journal Article	Takata, N., Kaneko, H., Nozaki, K., Sakuta, K., Tanimoto, M.	1989	A preliminary attempt to measure neutrons from cold fusion	Denshi Gijutsu Kenkyusho Iho, Vol = 53					A preliminary attempt to measure neutrons from cold fusion	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, neutron
4135	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Ido, H., Hattori, A., Seto, R., Kamei, A., Hachisuka, J., Yokose, T., Mori, Y., Taniike, A., Furuyama, Y.	2020	Latest Progress in Research on AHE and Circumstantial Nuclear Evidence by Interaction of Nano-Metal and H(D)-Gas	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Latest Progress in Research on AHE and Circumstantial Nuclear Evidence by Interaction of Nano-Metal and H(D)-Gas	Anomalous heat, Circumstantial nuclear evidence, Enhancement, Elevated temperature, Excess thermal power, Gas turbulence, Hydrogen gas, 100 W/kg, Nano-composite-metals, Ni-based, Over 1 keV/H(D), Repeated calcination, Specific reaction energy Band States	Recent results on anomalous heat effect (AHE) by interaction of binary nano-composite metal powders and H (or D) gas, after the NEDO-MHE project (2015?2017) are the subject of this paper. The Pd?i10/zirconia (PNZ10) and Cu?i7/zirconia (CNZ7) powders by melt-spun and calcination method were for AHE active material samples, and were re-used by additional calcination. An amount of 80?400 W/kg level excess thermal power Wex of sustainable continuity for several weeks has been reproducibly observed at elevated temperature around 300?C, by using re-calcined PNZ-type samples with D-gas, significantly in net D-gas desorption mode. Specific reaction energy (?-value) per D-transferred was very large as from 100 eV/D to 500 eV/D. Very weak (0.1?0.2 n/J level) neutron emission looked correlating with the rise-up heat burst of thermal power after joule heating started. These results can be of the circumstantial evidence of the AHE by the nano-metal D-gas interaction. Data of 50-140 W/kg level excess thermal power was repeatedly obtained by CNZ-type samples with H-gas at elevated temperatures after the saturation of H-gas absorption (endothermic) by sample. Excess thermal power of ca. 50?70 W continued for more than two weeks by 505 g CNZ7r (re-calcined) sample, with very strange evolution of the cooled-flat and oscillating TC4 RC upper flange temperatures. .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=20
4134	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2016	Fundamental of Rate Theory for CMNS	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					298 Fundamental of Rate Theory for CMNS	Condensed matter nuclear reaction, Enhanced fusion rate, Fermi's golden rule, Finite lifetime, 1 pm d? distance, Time-dependent barrier factor, Trapped D(H) particles, 10 kW heat power	The condensed matter nuclear reactions (CMNR) are thought to happen for trapped H(D) particles within some chemical (electromagnetic) potential well with finite lifetime. As the lifetime is much longer than the collision time of two-body interaction of free particles, the CMNR reaction rates are significantly (of the order of 19?20 in magnitude) enhanced if we compare with estimated reactions rates by the two-body collision formula. The basis of CMNR rate theory is reviewed in this paper by extracting essence of the TSC theory tools developed until now. Derivation of Fermi's golden rule with nuclear optical potential, rate formulas by Born-Oppenheimer wave function separation, estimation of bracket integral of inter-nuclear strong interaction rate, estimation of time dependent barrier penetration probability by the HMEQPET method for dynamic D(H)-cluster condensation/collapse process, and DD fusion power levels as functions of inter-nuclear d? distance and effective existing (life) time are given. A DD fusion power level of 10 kW/mol-dd-pairs is possible for a 1 pm inter-nuclear d? distance with 10 ato-seconds lifetime. The level of 2.8 nano-mol 4D/TSC formations/s may release 10 kW neutron-free heat-power with 4He ash.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=306
4133	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2015	Development status of condensed cluster fusion theory	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					514 Development status of condensed cluster fusion theory
4132	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Kitamura, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y., Taniike, A., Furuyama, Y., Murota, T., Tahara, T.	2015	Anomalous Exothermic and Endothermic Data Observed by Nano-Ni-Composite Samples	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					23 Anomalous Exothermic and Endothermic Data Observed by Nano-Ni-Composite Samples	D(H)-gas absorption, Excess heat, Higher temperature, 2W/g-Ni, Ni-based nano-particle	To study the anomalous heat effect of Ni-based binary-metal-nano-powder samples by gas-phase hydrogen isotope absorption/desorption, three kinds of samples CNZ, CNZ-II and NZ were tested for the temperature range 300?573 K. The highest excess heat power, ca. 2W/g-Ni was obtained with CNZ at 573 K. Peculiar H(D)-isotopic effect and sudden heat sink by abrupt H(D)-desorption were observed. The heat phenomenon looks happening on surface of nano-particle.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=30
4131	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2015	Nuclear Products of Cold Fusion by TSC Theory	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					11 Nuclear Products of Cold Fusion by TSC Theory	BOLEP, 4D fusion, Final products, 4He, 3He, 4H WS fusion, n-Halo model, TSC theory	Prediction of nuclear products both for metal?euterium systems and metal protium systems is made on the basic physics of cold fusion by the Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensate (TSC) theory. This paper focuses on final state nuclear reactions of intermediate compound states as 8Be* of 4D/TSC fusion and 4Li* of 4H/TSC WS fusion. Prediction of final products is made by the nucleonhalo model of the highly excited intermediate compound states.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=18
4130	Journal Article	Takahashi, N., Kosaka, S., Hioki, T., Motohiro, T.	2014	Detection of Pr in Cs ion-implanted Pd/CaO multilayer complexes with and without D2 gas permeation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					579-585 Detection of Pr in Cs ion-implanted Pd/CaO multilayer complexes with and without D2 gas permeation	CaO/Pd multilayer complex, Cs Pr, Deuterium permeation, Nuclear transmutation	Iwamura-type nuclear transmutation, 133Cs --> 141Pr, with D2 permeation through Pd/CaO multilayer complex was examined. Using ICP-MS, the amounts of Pr were measured in the range 10E10 atoms/cm^2. The amounts of Pr measured in D2 permeated samples were larger than those in non-D2 permeated samples.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=585
4129	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2014	Physics of Cold Fusion by TSC Theory	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					565-578 Physics of Cold Fusion by TSC Theory	D(H)-cluster, 4D fusion, 4H WS fusion, TSC theory	This paper explains the basic physics of cold fusion by the tetrahedral symmetric condensate (TSC) theory. Models of TSC formation conditions in condensed matter are first proposed. Secondly formulas for cold fusion rates per D(H)-cluster are explained with typical quantitative results. The 4D/TSC fusion and the 4H/TSCWS fusion describe the D (deuterium)-system and the H (protium)-system, respectively.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=575
4128	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2012	Are Ni + H Nuclear Reactions Possible?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 9					Are Ni + H Nuclear Reactions Possible?	Clean fission, 4H/TSC WS fusion, Ni + H CF experiments, Ni + 4H/TSC capture, Nuclear reaction models	Various cases of possible orthodox nuclear reaction processes, including newly proposed 4H/TSC fusion by simultaneous weak and strong interactions, 4H/TSC + Ni induced fission products, Ni + p reactions and reaction by deuteron impurity, are comparatively discussed for feasibility. (1) Ni + p nuclear reaction is impossibly difficult to make the Coulomb-field penetration of proton through so many inner electron shells (K, L, M), usually non-active in chemical reactions, of Ni-atom. Also the proton capture with Ni-nucleus, if any with kW level power, should emit lethal prompt gamma-rays which have never been observed. So, this type of nuclear reactions is unlikely. (2) Deuteron impurity (1/6700 in H2 gas usually) may induce (3H+D)/TSC fusion to be considered. Conditioning of 3-dimensional symmetry of QM-wave function for TSC is however of problem to condense into microscopic neutral entity small enough for causing any strong interactions. (3) The newly proposed 4H/TSCWS (weak-strong interaction simultaneously) fusion is a plausible scenario to have clean products (3He and proton, or deuterons) with significantly enhanced reaction rates in Ni nano-particles, for rare-conditioned (as discussed) visible heat generation with very weak secondary neutrons (10-13 order of 3He primary product) and gamma-rays (10-11 order of 3He primary product). Degrees of the generation rate of 4H/TSC (t = 0) transient clusters in Ni-H nano-particles and the life-time elongation of 4H/TSC-minimum state are speculatively studied. The auto-recovery capability of Ni nano-catalyst is considered as the key. (4) The 4H/TSC + Ni-isotope capture-and-fission process, previously proposed in our paper of JCMNS 1 (2007) 86-96 is another plausible scenario, to result in generation of clean fission products in A < 60 mass region. More enhanced 4p + Ni to fission rates than the previous prediction is expected due to the possible elongation of 4H/TSC-minimum-state life time without complete nuclear break-up of the symmetric cluster under dynamic condensation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedh.pdf#page=113
4127	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y., Kitamura, A., Sasaki, Y., Miyoshi, Y., Taniike, A.	2011	Role of PdO Surface-coating in CMNE D(H)-Gas Loading Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 5					Role of PdO Surface-coating in CMNE D(H)-Gas Loading Experiments	Anomalous heat, Collective mesoscopic potential, D-gas loading, Mesoscopic catalyst, Over-full D/Pd loading, Pd nano-particle, Phenomenological model, Role of PdO, Sub-nano dip	The PdO-coated layer of Pd-nano-particle may arrange fractal nano-dips on its surface when D(H)-gas is charged and de-oxidation molecules (D2Oor H2O) are released. Fractal nano-dips may make local deep adsorption potentials, through which rapid penetration of D-atoms (ions) into deeper Pd-local lattice (Bloch potential) O-sites of nano-particle may be induced, to realize full or over-full D(H) loaded state (x >1.0) of PdDx in a short time of the Phase-I process. Formation of D-clusters, such as 4D/TSC on surface may be enhanced at nano-dips. A phenomenological model of quasi-free D-motion under constraint of the Bloch potential within a global mesoscopic potential well is proposed for the Phase-II phenomena, where nuclear heating by 4D fusion reactions may rather steadily take place. Generation of collective mesoscopic potential well (CMPW) will make a Pd nano-particle with PdO working as ??esoscopic catalyst? which realizes very large D(H)-loading ratios and anomalously large chemical heat releases both for H-gas and D-gas loading.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedd.pdf#page=23
4126	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2011	Progress in Condensed Cluster Fusion Theory	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 4					Progress in Condensed Cluster Fusion Theory	Condensed cluster fusion, Deuteron cluster fusion, 4D Fusion, Helium-4, Tetrahedral symmetric condensate, Timedependent condensation	The theoretical models on Condensed Cluster Fusion in the dynamic ordering process of deuterons in condensed matter (especially PdDx lattice) have been elaborated in three steps in the period from 1989 to 2009. The present paper briefly reviews theoretical modeling, mathematical formulation and quantitative estimations of multi-body deuteron fusion rates, time-dependent screening effect by electron clouds, and time-dependent size of condensing clusters as 4D/TSC. TSC is the tetrahedral symmetric condensate and key idea for clustering and dynamic condensation. Final products of 4D fusion are mainly 4He nuclei with 2-5 MeV main component and 23.8 MeV minor component.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedc.pdf#page=277
4125	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Kitamura, A., Miyoshi, Y., Sakoh, H., Taniike, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.	2011	Phenomenology of Nano-Particle/Gas-Loading Experiments (PowerPoint slides)	ACS National Meeting			Anaheim, CA		Phenomenology of Nano-Particle/Gas-Loading Experiments (PowerPoint slides)	nano-particles	[Part-I] Brief Summary of the Kobe Group Experiments Anomalous data for D(H) absorption and heat-evolution by nano-Pd/ZrO2 and Pd-Ni/ZrO2 dispersed samples Recovery of Loading Ratio and Heat-level by Forced Oxidization (MO) and deoxidization of Used Samples Role of PdO surface coating of Pd nano-particle and Pd ad-atoms on binary nano-particle (Pd-Ni); what happens under D(H) charging [Part-II] Modeling Anomalies Phenomenological Model for anomalous 'chemical + nuclear' heat evolution Anomalous Chemical Heat by 'Mesoscopic Catalyst' Link to D-cluster formation and 4D/TSC fusion	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAphenomenol.pdf
4124	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2011	Jyouon kakuyuugou hurontia 2011 (in Japanese: 'The Frontiers of Cold Fusion 2011')	JCFRS					Jyouon kakuyuugou hurontia 2011 (in Japanese: 'The Frontiers of Cold Fusion 2011')	review	Extended Review Paper for JCF12 Invited Talk, December 17-18, 2011, Kobe, in Japanese. 常温核融合の研究は、2008年の拙著「常温核融合2008―凝集核融合のメカニズム、工学社」で説明した状況の以後、どのような動向となっているかと気にかけておられることと思う。2011年末の最新の状況を、理論の進展とガス系実験の進展を中心にして、この小論で紹介してみたい。状 Review Vol.19 (April 2011)に掲載された著者の小拙文「まだまだ続く常温核融合研究」をそのまま以下にコピーして引用することとした。	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAjyouonkakua.pdf
4123	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2009	Dynamic Mechanism of TSC Condensation Motion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 2					Dynamic Mechanism of TSC Condensation Motion		This paper discusses and explains the time-dependent quantum-mechanical behavior of electron-clouds in 4D/TSC (tetrahedral symmetric condensate) condensation motion by the Langevin equation, in comparison with steady ground state electron orbits and their de Broglie wave lengths for the D-atom and D2 molecule. An electron orbit in a 'd-e-d-e' quasi-molecular system of a face of 4D/TSC under time-dependent condensation makes a spiral track, finally reaching the center-of-mass point of the TSC, with a tail of time-varying effective wave length. The role and merit of the heavy mass electronic quasi-particle expansion theory (HMEQPET) method for approximating time-dependent TSC trapping potential and relating it to the estimation of time-dependent Coulomb barrier penetration probabilities of a 4D cluster is explained.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAdynamicmeca.pdf
4122	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2009	Neutron Spectra in CMNS - Model Predictions and Past Data ?	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Neutron Spectra in CMNS - Model Predictions and Past Data ?		According to the recent SPAWAR claim on 12C(n,n?)3a detection due to 14 MeV neutrons by D-T reaction in a D2O/Pd co-deposition cell, we reminds our old discussion on observed neutron spectra from CMNS/CF cells in the past. Structure or shape of neutron spectra should give important (decisive) evidences on underlying physical mechanisms on possible deuteron-related nuclear fusions in PdDx systems. This paper discusses plausible neutron spectra as consequences of major theoretical model predictions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceedinga.pdf#page=120
4121	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Kitamura, A., Nohmi, T., Sasaki, A., Miyoshi, Y., Taniike, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.	2009	Anomalous Heat Generation in Charging of Pd Powders with High Density Hydrogen Isotopes, (II) Discussions on Experimental Results and Underlying Physics	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Anomalous Heat Generation in Charging of Pd Powders with High Density Hydrogen Isotopes, (II) Discussions on Experimental Results and Underlying Physics		By our D(H)-gas charging experiments using Pd/PdO/ZrO2 powders, we obtained: 1) Dgas charge in the 1st phase (zero pressure interval) gave 20~90 % more excess heat than those for Hgas charge. 2) In the 2nd phase of pressure rise (finally up to 1MPa), significant excess heat (about 2 kJ/g-Pd) for D-gas charge was observed, while near zero level excess heat for H-gas charge was observed. We discuss the underlying surface and nano-particle physics in views of the enhanced surface adsorption potential by fractal sub-nano-scale trapping points on nano-Pd grain, the diffusion to inner shallower Bloch potential of regular Pd lattice, and the drastic mesoscopic and isotopic effect of surface and lattice rearrangement of nano-Pd particle by full D(H)-absorption to make deeper D(H) trapping potentials (about 2eV for D).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceedinga.pdf#page=114
4120	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Kitamura, A., Sasaki, Y., Miyoshi, Y., Nohmi, T., Taniike, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.	2009	Anomalous Heat Generation in Charging of Pd Powders with High Density Hydrogen Isotopes(II) Discussions on Experimental Results and Underlying Physics (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Anomalous Heat Generation in Charging of Pd Powders with High Density Hydrogen Isotopes(II) Discussions on Experimental Results and Underlying Physics (PowerPoint slides)	Excess heat	Aim The Gas-Phase D(H)-Loading Method with Nano-Fabricated Metal Powders is regarded promising for repeatable CMNS experiments. We have constructed an experimental system to replicate the phenomenon of excess-heat (and 4He generation) and investigate the underlying physics for D(H)-charged Pd powders.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAanomaloush.pdf
4119	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Kitamura, A., Nohmi, T., Sasaki, Y., Miyoshi, Y., Taniike, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.	2009	Deuterium Gas Charging Experiments with Pd Powders for Excess Heat Evolution (II) Discussions on Experimental Results and Underlying Physics	The 9th Meeting of Japan CF-Research Society			Shizuoka, Japan		Deuterium Gas Charging Experiments with Pd Powders for Excess Heat Evolution (II) Discussions on Experimental Results and Underlying Physics theory	Pd-black nanoparticle heat	Experimental results obtained for Pd/PdO/ZrO2 nano-composite samples are summarized and the underlying physics is discussed. Arata-Zhang?? May 2008 excess heat result was replicated quantitatively. Using Pd/PdO/ZrO2 powders (produced by Santoku Co., Kobe Japan), we obtained: 1) D-gas charge in the first phase (zero pressure interval) gave 20~90% excess heat than H-gas charge. 2) In the second phase of pressure rise, significant excess heat (about 2 kJ/g-Pd) for D-gas charge was observed, while near zero level excess heat for H-gas charge was observed. We discuss the underlying surface and nano-particle physics in views of the enhanced surface adsorption potential by fractal sub-nano-scale trapping points on nano-Pd particle, the diffusion to inner shallower Bloch potential of regular Pd lattice, and the drastic mesoscopic and isotopic effect of surface and lattice rearrangement of nano-Pd particle by full D(H)-absorption to make deeper D(H) trapping potentials of surface adsorption (about 2 eV for D) and intermediate surface state trapping.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAdeuteriumg.pdf
4118	Book Section	Takahashi, A.	2009	The Basics of Deuteron-Cluster Dynamics as Shown by a Langevin Equation	Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2		American Chemical Society	Washington DC		ACS Symposium Series The Basics of Deuteron-Cluster Dynamics as Shown by a Langevin Equation			doi: 10.1021/bk-2009-1029.ch011 0-8412-2454-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1029.ch011
4117	Book Section	Takahashi, A., Yabuuchi, N.	2008	Study on 4D/Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensate Condensation Motion by Non-Linear Langevin Equation	Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook		American Chemical Society	Washington, DC		ACS Symposium Series Study on 4D/Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensate Condensation Motion by Non-Linear Langevin Equation			doi: 10.1021/bk-2008-0998.ch004 0-8412-6966-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2008-0998.ch004
4116	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2008	Dynamic Mechanism of TSC Condensation Motion	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Dynamic Mechanism of TSC Condensation Motion	theory	This paper gives further discussions and explanations on the time-dependent quantum-mechanical behaviors of electron-clouds in 4D/TSC condensation motion by Langevin equation, in comparison with steady ground state electron orbits and their de Broglie wave lengths for D-atom and D2 molecule.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAdynamicmec.pdf
4115	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2007	A Theoretical Summary of Condensed Matter Nuclear Effects	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1					A Theoretical Summary of Condensed Matter Nuclear Effects	d-d Screening, EQPET/TSC model, Excess power level, Experimental results, 4D Fusion, Fission, Helium-4, Selective transmutation	Key experimental results are compared with the results of Electronic Quasi-Particle Expansion Theory/Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensate (EQPET/TSC) models. Screening energy for d-d pair by theory is 360 eV and is comparable with 310 eV by Kasagi experiment for PdDx. Helium-4 production with scarce neutron is modeled by strong 4D fusion of minimum state 4d/TSC reaction. Maximum level of 4d/TSC fusion is 46 MW/cm^3-Pd and 23 keV/Pd, comparable to 24.8 keV/Pd by El Boher experiment. Transmutation with mass-8 and charge-4 increase is explained by 4d/TSC + host metal reactions. Fission-like products by Ni-H systems are in agreement with fission products of 4p/TSC + nickel nuclear reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensed.pdf#page=135
4114	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Yabuuchi, N.	2007	Fusion Rates of Bosonized Condensates	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1					Fusion Rates of Bosonized Condensates	Bosonized condensate, dde* molecule, EQPET, Fusion rate formula, Time-dependence, TSC-induced reaction	In Section 1, theoretical basis for formulating fusion rates in condensed matter is summarized. Nuclear strong interaction, S-matrix, T -matrix, fusion rate for steady state dde* molecule as bosonized condensate, and fusion rate formula for collision process are briefly given. In Section 2, application for TSC-induced fusion is summarized. Fusion rate formulas for adiabatic approach in EQPET theory are summarized. Final state interaction is briefly discussed. Time-dependent approach for TSC squeezing motion is briefly introduced.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensed.pdf#page=112
4113	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Yabuuchi, N.	2007	On Condensation Force of TSC	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1					On Condensation Force of TSC	Deuteron cluster fusion, Central squeezing force, Four deuterons, Tetrahedral symmetric condensate	Primitive analysis and discussion are given for possible condensing force of tetrahedral symmetric condensate (TSC) of four deuterons (or protons) plus four spin-regulated (bosonized) electrons. Once TSC is formed by the ordering-constraint-organization process in condensed matter of metal-D(H) system, there may happen strong central squeezing force (and negative Coulomb energy of total TSC system) until when four deuterons (protons) get into the range of strong interaction (or Pauli repulsion at classical electron radius). After elementary quantum-mechanical results for D(H)-atom and, D2(H2)-molecule, primitive estimations are done for TSC.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensed.pdf#page=103
4112	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2007	TSC-Induced Nuclear Reactions and Cold Transmutations	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1					TSC-Induced Nuclear Reactions and Cold Transmutations	Tetrahedral symmetric condensate, 4p/TSC+Ni, 4d/TSC+Cs, Transmutation, Fission	Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensate (TSC) of orthogonal coupling of four deuterons and four electrons behaves as charge-neutral pseudo-particle and induces nuclear interaction with host metal nuclei. Theoretical predictions are shown for processes, reactiontypes and nuclear products. Some details are written for 4p/TSC + Ni and 4d/TSC + Cs reactions making transmutations and fission products.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensed.pdf#page=92
4111	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2007	Deuteron Cluster Fusion and ASH	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1					Deuteron Cluster Fusion and ASH	Ash, Bosonization, Deuteron cluster fusion, Electronic quasi-particle screening, 4D Fusion, 8D Fusion, Helium-4, Secondary reaction	This is a review of our studies on theoretical model of deuteron cluster fusion in condensed matter. Considering a transient condensation process of deuteron-cluster in focal points of metal-deuteride lattice, electron screening effect was theorized by the Electronic Quasi-Particle Screening Theory (EQPET) model for a transient deuteron cluster associating attracted electrons. Multibody resonance fusion of deuterons was proposed by modeling charged-pion exchange for strong interaction in very condensed deuteron cluster to lead to select the tetrahedral resonance fusion (TRF) of 4D and octahedral resonance fusion (ORF) of 8D as possible major reaction channels in extreme case. 4He is the final product of TRF and ORF. Tritium and 3He was suggested as minor products from 3D multi-body fusion. Visible but very small level production of neutron by D + D (2D) fusion was also concluded. Further extension of EQPET model is given to propose a dynamic Bose-type condensation process by orthogonally coupled two D2 molecules, which play a role of super screening of Coulomb barrier with quadruplet electronic quasi-particle to generate clean fusion product of 4He.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensed.pdf#page=68
4110	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Yabuuchi, N.	2007	D-Cluster Dynamics and Fusion Rate by Langevin Equation	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals			Sicily, Italy		D-Cluster Dynamics and Fusion Rate by Langevin Equation	theory	Condensed matter nuclear effect, especially 4D-cluster fusion, in metal-deuterium complex systems, has been studied by applying Langevin equations. One dimensional Langevin equations for solving time-dependent d-d distance Rdd(t) for deuteron-clusters under the Platonic symmetry were formulated for Datom, D2 molecule . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ISCMNSproceeding.pdf#page=315
4109	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2007	Deuterons-to-4He Channels (PowerPoint slides)	The 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Sochi, Russia		Deuterons-to-4He Channels (PowerPoint slides)	Theory	Outline * Two-Body d + d fusion and Out-Going Channels * Third Interaction to d + d strong force for Changing Out-Going Channels * D-Cluster Fusion to Produce 4He	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAdeuteronst.pdf
4108	Book	Takahashi, A.	2006	Jyouon kakuyuugou 2006 - gyoushuukei kagaku e no tenkai (Cold fusion 2006 - progress in condensed matter nuclear science)	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science					Jyouon kakuyuugou 2006 - gyoushuukei kagaku e no tenkai (Cold fusion 2006 - progress in condensed matter nuclear science)			978-4-7775-1208-9
4107	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Celani, F., Iwamura, Y.	2005	The Italy-Japan Project -- Fundamental Research on Cold Transmutation Process for Treatment of Nuclear Wastes (PowerPoint slides)	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	The Italy-Japan Project -- Fundamental Research on Cold Transmutation Process for Treatment of Nuclear Wastes (PowerPoint slides)	transmutation
4106	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Celani, F., Iwamura, Y.	2005	The Italy-Japan Project -- Fundamental Research on Cold Transmutation Process for Treatment of Nuclear Wastes	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	The Italy-Japan Project -- Fundamental Research on Cold Transmutation Process for Treatment of Nuclear Wastes	transmutation
4105	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2005	Main Scenarios of CMN-Effects (PowerPoint slides)	Sixth International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen/Deuterium-Loaded Metals			Siena, Italy	May 13-16	Main Scenarios of CMN-Effects (PowerPoint slides)	theory
4104	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2005	Progress In Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (PowerPoint slides)	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Progress In Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (PowerPoint slides)	Review
4103	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2005	Time-Dependent EQPET Analysis of TSC (PowerPoint slides)	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Time-Dependent EQPET Analysis of TSC (PowerPoint slides)	theory
4102	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2005	Fusion Rate Formulas for Bosonized Condensates (PowerPoint slides)	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Fusion Rate Formulas for Bosonized Condensates (PowerPoint slides)	theory
4101	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2005	Progress In Condensed Matter Nuclear Science	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Progress In Condensed Matter Nuclear Science	Review
4100	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2005	Time-Dependent EQPET Analysis of TSC	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Time-Dependent EQPET Analysis of TSC	theory
4099	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2005	A Theoretical Summary of Condensed Matter Nuclear Effects	Siena Workshop on Anomalies in Metal-D/H Systems			Siena, Italy		A Theoretical Summary of Condensed Matter Nuclear Effects	theory	Key experimental results are compared with the results of EQPET/TSC models. Screening energy for d-d pair by theory is 360 eV and is comparable with 310 eV by Kasagi experiment for PdDx. Helium-4 production with scarce neutron is modeled by strong 4D fusion of minimum state 4d/TSC reaction. Maximum level of 4d/TSC fusion is 46 MW/cc-Pd and 23 keV/Pd, comparable to 24.8 keV/Pd by El Boher experiment. Transmutation with mass-8 and charge-4 increase is explained by 4d/TSC + host metal reactions. Fission-like products by Ni-H systems are in agreement with fission products of 4p/TSC + nickel nuclear reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAatheoretic.pdf
4098	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2005	Condensed Matter Nuclear Effects	International Meeting on Frontier of Physics			Kuala Lumpur		Condensed Matter Nuclear Effects	theory	Under the conditions of cold fusion in PdD, the predominant reactions would be d+d-->(4)He* and (4)He+d-->(6)Li-->(4)He+d+23.8MeV. This cascade would explain the FPH results, giving fusion rates of up to 1E-13 f/s per D atom.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAcondensedm.pdf
4097	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2004	3He/4He Production Ratios By Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensation	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		3He/4He Production Ratios By Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensation	theory	The present paper treats application of the EQPET (Electronic Quasi-Particle Expansion Theory) model for TSC (Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensate) of H/D mixed systems for Pd host metal. Production ratios of 3He/4He for multi-body fusion reactions in H/D mixed TSC systems are calculated as a function of H/D mixing rate. The model is further extended to treat direct nuclear interactions between host-metal nucleus and TSC of pure 4 protons (or 4 deuterons), since TSC can become very small (far less than 1 pm radius) charge-neutral pseudo-particle. Results for the case of Ni + 4p/TSC are discussed with Ni + p capture reactions and Ni + 4p fission reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAheheproduc.pdf
4096	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Miyamaru, H., Ochiai, K., Katayama, Y., Hayashi, T., Dairaku, T.	2003	Studies on 3D Fusion Reactions in TiDx under Ion Beam Implantation	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Studies on 3D Fusion Reactions in TiDx under Ion Beam Implantation	ion beam, 3D fusion, Ti	With certain conditions for target-samples and beams, we could have identified specific particles (e.g., 4.75MeV tritons and 3He-particles, and 15.9 MeV deuterons) from 3D fusion reactions with yield ratios [3D]/[2D] to be in the order of 1E-4 to 1E-3, in contrary to the calculated [3D]/[2D] yield ratio of 1E-30 by the conventional random nuclear reaction theory2,3). The increasing trend of yield ratios in lower energy region than 100 keV for deuteron4), suggests that the enhanced 3D reactions were not attributed to the direct reactions with incident d-beam, but to the indirect 3D fusion out of the slowing down range of the beam.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAstudiesond.pdf
4095	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2003	Theoretical Background for Transmutation Reactions (PowerPoint slides)	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Theoretical Background for Transmutation Reactions (PowerPoint slides)	Theory, multibody	Presented during Short Course on Cold Fusion, ICCF-10.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAtheoretica.pdf
4094	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2003	Studies on 3D Fusion Reactions in TiDx under Ion Beam Implantation (PowerPoint slides)	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Studies on 3D Fusion Reactions in TiDx under Ion Beam Implantation (PowerPoint slides)	ion beam, 3D fusion, Ti	ICCF-10 PowerPoint presentation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAstudiesonda.pdf
4093	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2003	Mechanism Of Deuteron Cluster Fusion By EQPET Model	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Mechanism Of Deuteron Cluster Fusion By EQPET Model	Theory, multibody	The present paper makes deepened modeling for the mechanism of transient Bose-type condensation for 4D and 8D clusters with electrons from Pd 4d-shell in PdDx lattice dynamics. Formation of quadruplet e(4,4) electronic quasi-particle and octal-coupling e(8,8) around lattice focal points with D-clusters which realize super screening for d-d and d-cluster Coulomb barrier is modeled for tetrahedral and octahedral symmetric condensations and discussed. Based on the electronic quasi-particle expansion theory (EQPET), modal fusion rates which are composed of 2D, 3D, 4D and 8D fusion rates with characteristic values for each mode are estimated for the tetrahedral and octahedral symmetric condensations. Based on given modal fusion rates we can estimate macroscopic cluster fusion rates (f/s/cc) by knowing time-averaged values of D-cluster densities. Several to few hundreds w/cc level fusion rates for 4D and 8D can be foreseen with major ash of 4He and a variety of secondary transmutation reactions, and neutron production rate by 2D fusion will be with 10-12 orders smaller magnitude than that of 4He production. Neutrons are therefore hardly visible in deuteron cluster fusion in condensed matter.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAmechanismo.pdf
4092	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2002	Drastic Enhancement Of Deuteron-Cluster Fusion By Transient Electronic Quasi-Particle Screening	JCF4		Unpublished	Morioka, Japan		Drastic Enhancement Of Deuteron-Cluster Fusion By Transient Electronic Quasi-Particle Screening	PdDx, electronic quasi-particle, drastic screening, deuteron cluster-fusion
4091	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2002	Mass-8-and-Charge-4 Increased Transmutation by Octahedral Resonance Fusion Model	JCF-4			Morioka, Japan		Mass-8-and-Charge-4 Increased Transmutation by Octahedral Resonance Fusion Model	transient quasi-particle screening, octahedral deuteron condensation, 8D fusion, Be-8, transmutation
4090	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	2002	Tetrahedral And Octahedral Resonance Fusion Under Transient Condensation Of Deuterons At Lattice Focal Points	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		Tsinghua Univ. Press	Beijing, China: Tsinghua University		Tetrahedral And Octahedral Resonance Fusion Under Transient Condensation Of Deuterons At Lattice Focal Points		To attempt to explain the very strange claim of observation by Mitsubishi group on the mass-8-and-charge-4-transferred (increased) transmutation (Mo-96 or Pr-141) out of sample zone of Sr-88 or Cs-133 in the D-diffusion type experiment with multi-layered Pd plate, our multi-body deuteron fusion model in transient lattice focal points has been extended to hypothesize the occurrence of 4D tetrahedral and 8D octahedral resonance fusion. High energy Be-8 particles by 8D fusion can induce selectively capture process to form mass-8-and-charge-4-increased transmutation out of Sr-88 or Cs-133 near PdDx lattice.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAtetrahedra.pdf
4089	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	2001	Production of Stable Isotopes by Selective Channel Photofission of Pd	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, Vol = 40, Num = 12, Page = 7031-7046					Production of Stable Isotopes by Selective Channel Photofission of Pd	theory, photofission	A conservative modeling and analysis were attempted to explain the presence of nonradioactive fission-like products with nonnatural isotopic ratios observed in some D2O/Pd electrolysis experiments. The collective deformation of a Pd nucleus by multiphoton E1 resonance absorption in a dynamic PdDx lattice was assumed to induce low-energy photofissions via the selective scission channels within the lowest band (11-20 MeV) of channel-dependent fission barriers. Values of channel dependent fission barriers were calculated by using liquid drop model potentials for Pd isotopes. Fission products were analyzed in detail. Major fission products (FPs) are stable isotopes and the isotopic ratios of FP elements are very different from those of natural abundances. The present theoretical results have shown good agreement with the experimental data of Mizuno et al. [Denki Kagaku 64 (1996) 1660] and others in terms of Z-distribution, mass distribution and isotopic ratios. Selective channel photofissions with positive Q-values are possible for A > 90 nuclei, which may provide us with a clean method for the incineration for the radio isotope (RI) waste of nuclear plants.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAproductiona.pdf
4088	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Ohta, M., Mizuno, T.	2000	A Model Analysis on Low-Energy Photo-Fusion of Pd Isotopes Under Dynamic Conditions of PdH(D)x	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 397	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	A Model Analysis on Low-Energy Photo-Fusion of Pd Isotopes Under Dynamic Conditions of PdH(D)x	theory, transmutation,, energy, fission, ICCF-8
4087	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Maruta, K., Ochiai, K., Miyamaru, H.	1999	Detection of three-body deuteron fusion in titanium deuteride under the stimulation by a deuteron beam	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 255					Detection of three-body deuteron fusion in titanium deuteride under the stimulation by a deuteron beam	ion bombardment, titanium, particle emission
4086	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Maruta, K., Ochiai, K., Miyamaru, H., Iida, T.	1998	Anomalous enhancement of three-body deuteron fusion in titanium-deuteride with low-energy D+ beam implantation	Fusion Technol., Vol = 34					Anomalous enhancement of three-body deuteron fusion in titanium-deuteride with low-energy D+ beam implantation	ion bombardment, titanium, particle emission, theory, three body	A Pd sheet cathode centered within a Pt-wired anode in D2O/LiOD electrolyte was used with the L-H mode pulse operation.? Anomalously large excess heat (32 watts in average for 2 months, 100 - 130 watts at peaks and averaged output/input power ratio 1.7) was once observed, associated with very low neutron emission (~1 n/s). To investigate the reproducibility of this experiment, a second experiment with minor changes in cell design was undertaken for 4 months. We reproduced excess heat, however at much smaller levels (8 watts on average and 15 watts at peak), but with neutron emission rates that were twice as large as measured previously. Possible changes in the conditions of the two experiments are discussed; i.e., cell voltages and over-potentials, formation of thin MOS film on the Pd cathode surface and a mechanism enhancing the D/Pd ratio. Excess power density per cm^2 of cathode surface showed systematic change as a function of surface current density. This trend is consistent with results from many other authors.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAanomalouse.pdf
4085	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Fukuoka, H., Yasuda, K., Taniguchi, M.	1998	Experimental study on correlation between excess heat and nuclear products by D2O/Pd electrolysis	Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, Vol = 6, Num = 1, Page = 4					Experimental study on correlation between excess heat and nuclear products by D2O/Pd electrolysis	Pd, electrolysis, heat+, 4He, tritium, neutron
4084	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, R.	1998	Proposal of Microdrops-in-Bubble Model for Excess Heat, Cold Fusion and Related Phenomena	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 383	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Proposal of Microdrops-in-Bubble Model for Excess Heat, Cold Fusion and Related Phenomena	theory, Pd, D2O, heat, ICCF-7	This paper shows why and how the microdrops-in-bubble model explain the excess heat and the cold fusion. The thermodynamic properties of the micro drops in a bubble,where the pressure is 1 atm, is represented by Laplace's equation, i.e. the pressure(P)-volume(V) curves for various temperatures and the pressure-temperature(T) curves for various volume are drawn. The P-V and P-T curves demand the presence of the surface structure of the liquid and is named here as super water. The P-T curve shows a negative slope increasing as the volume decreases.This property is analysed by the third Maxwell's thermodynamic equation that the entropy is negative . When a microdrop receives a negative pressure the phase change from the normal water to the super water occurs and heat is generated. As the actuation is not by energy,the heat is excess heat. This occurs in both light and heavy water. The cold fusion arises in the minimum microdrop of heavy water under high actuation,as the super liquid is supposed to be liquid plasma and violent concussion is given there. Another effect of the negative pressure to the microdrop is to make it work by increasing the volume like an engine. An actuated microdrop synthesizes a new material whose resolution heat is equivalent to that released in the absence of the synthesis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=383
4083	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, R.	1998	Excess Heat Caused by Electrolysis for Drilled Charcoal Cathode and Heat Without Power Imput by Immersion of Charcoal in Heavy or Light Water at Elevated Temperatures	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 388	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Excess Heat Caused by Electrolysis for Drilled Charcoal Cathode and Heat Without Power Imput by Immersion of Charcoal in Heavy or Light Water at Elevated Temperatures	heat+, charcoal, electrolysis, D2O, ICCF-7	This paper shows that there are two kinds of excess heat, the one is by the electrolysis and the other is by the immersion of the charcoal in hot water heated higher than 90?. The both phenomena suggested much about the mechanism of the excess heat. Various data of excess heat including as high as 250 % were obtained for the former method for the drilled charcoal cathode by concentrating the current. It was found that there were strong correlation between the data and the each temperature rise in the beginning short time, suggesing that the excess heat is due to the same mechanism. Throughout the many experiments it was recognized that the active bubbling is essential for the excess heat creation, so another experiments as stated by the immersion type was tried. As expected the excess heat was detected also. From the both experiments, microdrops-in-bubble model was proposed for the excess heat and cold fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=388
4082	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	1998	Results of Experimental Studies of Excess Heat vs Nuclear Products Correlation and Conceivable Reaction Model	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 378	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Results of Experimental Studies of Excess Heat vs Nuclear Products Correlation and Conceivable Reaction Model	D2O, Pd, heat+ neutron, X-ray, He, particle emission Ti, electrolysis, ion bombardment, ICCF-7	Summary results of 5 years study are presented about excess heat and nuclear products by three kinds of experiments, namely open-cell D20/Pd electrolysis, closed-cell D2O/Pd electrolysis and D-beam implantation experiments. Positive results for excess heat generation were obtained for 7 out of 3 1 experiments. No direct correlation between excess heat and radiations (neutrons and X-rays) were observed. Two clear and four marginal positive results for He-4 production were obtained in 1 1 closed-cell experiments. Proposed model of coherently-induced 3D fusion in metal-deuteride, for underlying physics of cold fusion, was first-time confirmed by D-beam implantation into highly D-Ioaded TiDx sample. Nuclear products of 'calm' 3D and 4D fusions are concluded to be Li-6 and He-4.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=378
4081	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	1996	Recent results and activities on the new hydrogen energy ('cold fusion')	Suiso Enerugi Shisutemu, Vol = 21					Recent results and activities on the new hydrogen energy ('cold fusion')	review
4080	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, R.	1996	Anomalous increase in excess heat in electrolysis of heavy water and light water for use of drilled cathode of charcoal	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 546	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Anomalous increase in excess heat in electrolysis of heavy water and light water for use of drilled cathode of charcoal	excess heat	The excess heat measured for the use of charcoal cathode in the electrolysis of heavy water reached about 150% of the input power by preparing a notched hole in the surface of the cathode. The experimental condition was as follows. The cathode used was very hard charcoal. The anode was 0.3mm Pt wire. The electrolyte was 50cc of D20 or H20 with 0.25N LiOH.The anode and the cathode were set up in the electrol'yte so as the Pt wire to locate near the diameter of the hole. Making a hole as small as 0.3mm produced excess heat of 70%.Making a notch at the hole edge enhanced the excess heat higher than 100%. The excess heat for the use of H20 was about a half of that for D20. The current showed oscillation when the excess heat was large.A SEM examining of the charcoal showed that many uniform holes,as small as 1 micron, distributed inside the vessels are responsible for this anomalous increase in the excess heat.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=145
4079	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Iida, T., Miyamaru, H., Fukuhara, M.	1995	Multibody fusion model to explain experimental results	Fusion Technol., Vol = 27					Multibody fusion model to explain experimental results	Theory, multibody
4078	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, R.	1995	Synthesis of Substance and Generation of Heat in Charcoal Cathode in Electrolysis of H2O and D2O Using Various Alkalihydrooxides	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 619	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Synthesis of Substance and Generation of Heat in Charcoal Cathode in Electrolysis of H2O and D2O Using Various Alkalihydrooxides	carbon, D2O, H2O, heat+, charcoal, ICCF-5	Charcoal was used for the cathode with interest in the fabricated micro-channels which may produce the micro drops responsible for the synthesis of material and cold fusion in the electrolysis as reported in the previous proceedings. The synthesis of material was detected with the change in color of the electrolyte, from colorless to dark brown. The excess heat was not detected for H2O. However, for a mixture of 25% H2O and 75% D2O with a 0.25 LiOH, the excess heat reached as high as about 30% of the input power. Charcoal cathode used. Heat production claimed. Poor calorimetry.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=426
4077	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Inokuchi, T., Chimi, Y., Ikegawa, T., Kaji, N., Nitta, Y., Kobayashi, K., Taniguchi, M.	1995	Experimental Correlation Between Excess Heat and Nuclear Products	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 69	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Experimental Correlation Between Excess Heat and Nuclear Products	neutron, heat+, electrolysis, D2O, Pd, X-ray, ICCF-5, negative	A comparator of twin system was developed to study possible correlation between observed excess heat phenomenon and nuclear products . Simultaneous on-line measurements were done for foreground (Pd cathode) and background (Ni cathode) cells to monitor input/output powers, neutron spectra and X-ray spectra. Slight (5-7%) excess powers were observed with 99 % confidence level, only for Pd-cathode-cell, \vith weak neutron emission in the energy over 3 MeV. Burst events by X-ray detectors were analyzed. Ed: Possible scenarios for particle emission are outlined. Used duel cells, one with Pd cathode and other with Ni. Isoparabolic calorimetry used with electrolytic calibration and stirring. Open cells used. X-ray, g-ray and neutrons measured. D/Pd ratio measured in separate experiment. Claimed values as high as 0.95 were obtained but the L/H mode of charging typically reached 0.85. Excess power of 2.3-3.5 ??0.65 W (5-7 % excess) seen after 18 days. Two power loss events occurred during that time. No clear evidence for neutron emission found. No characteristic X-rays detected.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=85
4076	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	1994	Some Considerations of Multibody Fusion in Metal-Deuterides	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 451					Some Considerations of Multibody Fusion in Metal-Deuterides	Theory, multibody
4075	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	1993	Production of neutron, tritium and excess heat	Oyo Butsuri, Vol = 62					Production of neutron, tritium and excess heat	Pd, electrolysis, loading, heat, neutron, Pd
4074	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	1993	Cold fusion research: present status	Koon Gakkaishi, Vol = 19, Num = 5, Page = 179 (in Japanese)					Cold fusion research: present status	Review
4073	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	1992	Cold fusion research: Recent progress	Kaku Yugo Kenkyu, Vol = 68, Num = 4, Page = 360 (in Japanese)					Cold fusion research: Recent progress	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, heat, neutron, loading
4072	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Iida, T., Takeuchi, T., Mega, A.	1992	Excess heat and nuclear products by D2O/Pd electrolysis and multibody fusion	Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mater., Vol = 3					Excess heat and nuclear products by D2O/Pd electrolysis and multibody fusion	Pd, electrolysis, D2O, neutron, heat+, theory	An excess heat of 100 W/cc level, 1.7 times the input power in average, and 160 MJ in total was observed for about two months by the L-H mode pulse electrolysis of a D2O/Pd cell with plane-symmetric configuration of D-loading into the Pd cathode. Very weak neutron emission was detected to show an inversely proportional correlation to the excess heat variation. To explain the observed anomalous results including our past results, the theoretical model of competing multibody deuteron fusions in transient PdDx lattice has been extended. It can explain most experimental results. Cold fusion may be the multibody fusion of hydrogen isotopes in the metal lattice.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAexcessheat.pdf
4071	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Mega, A., Takeuchi, T., Miyamaru, H., Iida, T.	1992	Anomalous Excess Heat by D2O/Pd Cell Under L-H Mode Electrolysis	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 79	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Anomalous Excess Heat by D2O/Pd Cell Under L-H Mode Electrolysis	Pd, D2O, heat+, tritium, neutron, T/n, electrolysis, ICCF-3	A Pd sheet cathode centered within a Pt-wired anode in D2O/LiOD electrolyte was used with the L-H mode pulse operation.?? Anomalously large excess heat (32 watts in average for 2 months, 100 - 130 watts at peaks and averaged output/input power ratio 1.7) was once observed, associated with very low neutron emission (~1 n/s). To investigate the reproducibility of this experiment, a second experiment with minor changes in cell design was undertaken for 4 months. We reproduced excess heat, however at much smaller levels (8 watts on average and 15 watts at peak), but with neutron emission rates that were twice as large as measured previously. Possible changes in the conditions of the two experiments are discussed; i.e., cell voltages and over-potentials, formation of thin MOS film on the Pd cathode surface and a mechanism enhancing the D/Pd ratio. Excess power density per cm^2 of cathode surface showed systematic change as a function of surface current density. This trend is consistent with results from many other authors.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAanomalouse.pdf
4070	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A.	1992	Nuclear Products by D2O/Pd Electrolysis and Multibody Fusion	Int. Symp. Nonlinear Phenom. in Electromagnetic Fields			ISEM-Nagoya	Jan. 27-29, 1992	Nuclear Products by D2O/Pd Electrolysis and Multibody Fusion	pulse, neutron, heat+, D2O, Pd
4069	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Iida, T., Maekawa, F., Sugimoto, H., Yoshida, S.	1991	Windows of cold nuclear fusion and pulsed electrolysis experiments	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19					Windows of cold nuclear fusion and pulsed electrolysis experiments	neutron, Pd, D2O, theory, energy
4068	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Iida, T., Takeuchi, T., Mega, A., Yoshida, S., Watanabe, M.	1991	Neutron Spectra and Controllability by PdD/electrolysis Cell With Low-High Current Pulse Operation	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 93	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Neutron Spectra and Controllability by PdD/electrolysis Cell With Low-High Current Pulse Operation	Pd, D2O, neutron, pulse, T/n, electrolysis, ICCF-2	Neutron spectra with two components (2. 45 and 3-7 MeV) have been repeatedly observed by pu lse electro lysis of D 20-Pd cel l. Tr itium product ion with (Tin) rat io 105 was also co nfirmed with low-high current operat ion. These results are consistently explained with the products and byproducts in competing process of d-d and d-d-d fusions in PdD lattice.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=108
4067	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Takeuchi, T., Iida, T., Watanabe, M.	1990	Emission of 2.45 MeV and higher energy neutrons from D2O-Pd cell under biased-pulse electrolysis	J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., Vol = 27					Emission of 2.45 MeV and higher energy neutrons from D2O-Pd cell under biased-pulse electrolysis	neutron, Pd, electrolysis, D2O
4066	Journal Article	Takahashi, A., Takeuchi, T., Iida, T., Watanabe, H.	1990	Short Note : Emission of 2.45 MeV and Higher Energy Neutrons from D2O-Pd Cell Under Biased-Pulse Electrolysis	J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., Vol = 27					Short Note : Emission of 2.45 MeV and Higher Energy Neutrons from D2O-Pd Cell Under Biased-Pulse Electrolysis	Pd, D2O, neutron, energy heat
4065	Journal Article	Takahashi, H.	1990	Dynamical screening of potential by mobile deuteron and fusion rate of accelerated deuteron in PdDx	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 4, Page = 441					Dynamical screening of potential by mobile deuteron and fusion rate of accelerated deuteron in PdDx	theory, screening
4064	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, H.	1990	The Roles of Coherency and Intermittency on D-D Fusion Reaction in PdDx Deuteride	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 884	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	The Roles of Coherency and Intermittency on D-D Fusion Reaction in PdDx Deuteride	theory
4063	Conference Proceedings	Takahashi, A., Takeuchi, T., Iida, T., Watanabe, M.	1990	Neutron Spectra from D2O-Pd Cells with Pulsed Electrolysis	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 325	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Neutron Spectra from D2O-Pd Cells with Pulsed Electrolysis	Pd, D2O, pulsed, neutron, energy, electrolysis
4062	Journal Article	Takahashi, Y.	1989	Present status and future problems of cold nuclear fusion	Kagaku Kogaku, Vol = 53					Present status and future problems of cold nuclear fusion	discussion
4061	Journal Article	Takahashi, A.	1989	Opening possibility of deuteron-catalyzed cascade fusion channel in PdD under D2O electrolysis	J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 5, Page = 558					Opening possibility of deuteron-catalyzed cascade fusion channel in PdD under D2O electrolysis	theory
4060	Patent	Takaharu, G., Niikura, J., Taniguchi, N., Hatoh, K., Adachi, K.	1990	Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19			European Patent Application, 90107987.1		Tertiary Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion	D2O, Laves Phase
4059	Journal Article	Takagi, R., Numata, H., Ohno, I., Kawamura, K., Haruyama, S.	1991	Neutron Emission During a Long-Term Electrolysis of Heavy Water	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19					Neutron Emission During a Long-Term Electrolysis of Heavy Water	Pd, D2O, neutron
4058	Journal Article	Takagi, R., H., Numata., Ohno, I., Kawamura, K., Haruyama, S.	1991	Neutron emission during a long-term electrolysis of heavy water	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19					Neutron emission during a long-term electrolysis of heavy water	Pd, electrolysis, D2O, neutron, OCV
4057	Journal Article	Tajima, T., Iyetomi, H., Ichimaru, S.	1990	Influence of attractive interaction between deuterons in Pd on nuclear fusion	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9					Influence of attractive interaction between deuterons in Pd on nuclear fusion	theory
4056	Journal Article	Taft, S. L., Marwan, J.	2012	The Open Gate Phenomenon: A New Energy Technology	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6					The Open Gate Phenomenon: A New Energy Technology	Microspheres, Pechini process, Polycrystalline, Submonolayer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy	The Open Gate Phenomenon is a unique solid-state mechanism that results in a significant and sustained electron transfer from an n-type semiconductor to Schottky metal particles that are grown from the semiconductor substrate itself. This results in a unique interface that acts as a one-way (rectifying) open gate. First identified in reduced polycrystalline titanium dioxide (an n-type semiconductor) to Group VIII metal particles, the interface significantly affects the Schottky barrier height resulting in electron flow into the metal particles from the reduced titanim dioxide (TiO2) based on their respective work functions. The result is a negative charge on the metal particles which is of sufficient magnitude and duration to provide cathodic protection of the metal particles from surface oxidation. In essence, the metal particles behave as a negatively charged electrode without an externally supplied power source.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensede.pdf#page=86
4055	Journal Article	Tachikawa, E.	1991	Outline of room temperature nuclear fusion	Genshiryoku Kogyo, Vol = 37, Num = 4, Page = 11 (in Japanese)					Outline of room temperature nuclear fusion	review
4054	Journal Article	Tabet, E., Tenenbaum, A.	1990	Nuclear reactions from lattice collapse in a cold fusion model	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 144, Num = 6,7, Page = 301					Nuclear reactions from lattice collapse in a cold fusion model	theory, phase change
4053	Journal Article	Tabet, E., Tenenbaum, A.	1990	A dynamical model for cold fusion in deuterated palladium	Fusion Technol., Vol = 18					A dynamical model for cold fusion in deuterated palladium	theory, loading
4052	Conference Proceedings	Tabet, E., Tenenbaum, A.	1990	Nuclear Effects in the Collapsing Lattice Model for Deuterated Palladium: New Results	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 867	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Nuclear Effects in the Collapsing Lattice Model for Deuterated Palladium: New Results	theory
4051	Journal Article	Szumski, D.	2014	Nickel Transmutation and Excess Heat Model Using Reversible Thermodynamics	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					554-564 Nickel Transmutation and Excess Heat Model Using Reversible Thermodynamics	LANP model, Least action, Reversible process, Theory	This research develops the Least Action Nuclear Process (LANP) model of cold fusion, by assuming that the process is thermodynamically reversible. This requires: 1) one element of new physical theory, a far-from-equilibrium blackbody equation having a second temperature scale, and 2) a nuclear reaction selection method based in the Principle of Least Action. The model appears to predict nuclear transmutations observed in Miley????- nickel microspheres, without false positives, and provides a plausible explanation of loading and ignition processes, excess heat, no excess heat, and the absence of gamma radiation. The model shows how solar core temperatures can exist in a laboratory temperature device. The presentation is abstracted from a larger technical paper.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=564
4050	Journal Article	Szpak, S.	2015	On the Path Leading To The Fleischmann?ons Effect	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 17					91 On the Path Leading To The Fleischmann?ons Effect	Plasma, Self-organization, Transmutation	Processes leading to the excess enthalpy production, the Fleischmann?ons effect, are identified. The thermodynamic treatment [1] is extended to include self-organization. Discussion is limited to cells employing cathodes prepared by the co-deposition process.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedp.pdf#page=96
4049	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Gordon, F.	2014	Cathode to Electrolyte Transfer of Energy Generated in the Fleischmann?ons Experiment	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 14					76-78 Cathode to Electrolyte Transfer of Energy Generated in the Fleischmann?ons Experiment		In our recent paper [1] we asked: why an exothermic system with the positive feedback, such as the Fleischmann?ons experiment, does not suffer thermal run-a-way. In seeking an answer we selected two items (i) formation of hot spots and (ii) system's response following a fast nuclear event, that seem to point to a simple model of cathode to electrolyte energy transfer.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedm.pdf#page=82
4048	Journal Article	Szpak, S.	2014	The Pd + D Co-Deposition: Process, Product, Performance	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 14					68-75 The Pd + D Co-Deposition: Process, Product, Performance	Co-deposition	The preparation of electrodes by a co-deposition is discussed in detail. The electrode reactions are identified, the structural features of the deposit are described and the relevant experimental evidence is assembled.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedm.pdf#page=74
4047	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Gordon, F.	2014	On the Mechanism of Tritium Production in Electrochemical Cells	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 14					61-67 On the Mechanism of Tritium Production in Electrochemical Cells	Co-deposition, Polarized Pd/D?2O system, Tritium production	An electron capture reaction e-+d+ ' 2n followed by deuteron to triton transmutation, the n+d+ ' t+ reaction, is judged to be the prime reaction in polarized Pd/D?2O system . Supporting evidence for the proposed mechanism is interpreted and discussed in terms arising from the content and meaning of chemical and nuclear reactions occurring in condensed matter.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedm.pdf#page=67
4046	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Gordon, F.	2014	Forcing the Pd/^1 H - ^1H2O System into a Nuclear Active State	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					543-553 Forcing the Pd/^1 H - ^1H2O System into a Nuclear Active State	Nuclear Active State, Electron capture	In cells employing cathodes prepared by the co-deposition process, the polarized Pd/D - D2O system becomes nuclear active when the concentration of deuterium, expressed as D/Pd atomic ratio, is equal to or greater than one. In contrast, to activate the polarized Pd/H-H2O system, action of an external magnetic field, modulation of cell current or both, are required. Evidence for the nuclear active state in the Pd/H - H2O system, namely deuterium production, particle emission and catastrophic thermal event, is presented. Extension of nuclear active state to the Pd/^1 H - ^1H2O system under the application of an external magnetic field and modulated cell current profile is discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=553
4045	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Gordon, F.	2013	The Fleischmann?ons Effect: Reactions and Processes	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 12					The Fleischmann?ons Effect: Reactions and Processes	Hot spots, Modeling, Particle emission, Transmutation	A selected group of experimental evidence indicates that the Pd/D?2O system can be put in its nuclear active state. This is done by negatively polarizing the system which (i) starts the process of self-organization, i.e. development of coherent processes involving protons/deuterons and lattice defects to produce the pre-nuclear active state and (ii) creates conditions for the electron capture by proton/deuteron reaction to occur. The low energy neutrons transform the pre-nuclear active state into an active state, i.e. display of features such as hot spots, transmutation and particle emission which, in turn, yields information on participating reactions and processes.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedk.pdf#page=148
4044	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Dea, J.	2012	Evidence for the Induction of Nuclear Activity in Polarized Pd/H-H2O System	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 9					Evidence for the Induction of Nuclear Activity in Polarized Pd/H-H2O System	Co-deposition, Coupled reaction, Magnetic field, Pd/H-H2O system	In cells employing cathodes prepared by the co-deposition process, the polarized Pd/D-D2O system becomes nuclear active when the concentration of deuterium, expressed as D/Pd atomic ratio, is equal to or greater than one. In contrast, to activate the polarized Pd/H-H2O system, action of an external magnetic field, modulation of cell current or both, are required. Evidence for the nuclear active state in the Pd/H-H2O system namely deuterium production, particle emission and catastrophic thermal event, is presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedh.pdf#page=26
4043	Book	Szpak, S., Gordon, F.	2011	Chemical Aspects of the Pd/nH-H2O System in Its Nuclear Active State	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Chemical Aspects of the Pd/nH-H2O System in Its Nuclear Active State	Review, history	Throughout his career, Dr. Stanislaw (Stan) Szpak was a friend, a mentor, and a co-worker to many people. He was respected for his expertise and knowledge by many including Dr. Martin Fleischmann and Dr. John Bockris with whom he shared many private communications both before and after the 1989 Fleischmann-Pons announcement that became known as 'cold fusion' or Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR). Stan quickly applied his expertise toward understanding the underlying processes involved. One of his first contributions, which has been widely used, is the use of codeposition to prepare the cathode. LENR is a very complex problem and Stan recognized that it was not going to be solved during his lifetime so he decided to document his thoughts in a book.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSchemicalas.pdf
4042	Conference Proceedings	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Gordon, F., Dea, J., Miles, M., Khim, J., Forsley, L.	2008	LENR Research Using Co-Deposition	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		LENR Research Using Co-Deposition	Co-deposition, Pd, electrolysis, D2O, heat+, film	The Pd/D co-deposition process was developed by Stan Szpak at the Naval Laboratory in San Diego as an alternative means of initiating LENR. Besides heat, other nuclear products that have been measured using Pd/D co-deposition include tritium and the emission of γ- and X-rays, neutrons, and energetic particles. This communication summarizes 19 years of LENR research that has focused on the Pd/D co-deposition process.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSlenrresear.pdf
4041	Conference Proceedings	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Gordon, F., Dea, J., Khim, J., Forsley, L.	2008	SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D Co-Deposition Research: Overview of Refereed LENR Publications	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D Co-Deposition Research: Overview of Refereed LENR Publications	review	Scientists at the US Navy SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific (SSC-Pacific), and its predecessors, have had extraordinary success in publishing LENR papers in peer-reviewed journals. This success hasn? come easily and is due to several factors. One key reason for this success was the courage of the SSC-Pacific upper management in allowing scientists to conduct research and publish results in a controversial field. The few journal editors, who had the fortitude to consider our work, also contributed to this success. This contrasts with the majority of their peers who, taking the path of least resistance, ignored our work out of hand and returned manuscripts with, 'the subject matter is not in the purview of the journal'. The reviewers also played a role in the successful publication of LENR-related papers. A multitude of reviewers, many outside the LENR field, had to put aside their biases and look objectively at our data.? In turn, the reviewers' relentless concerns forced us to tenaciously address their issues. Ultimately, the SSC-Pacific team published 21 refereed papers in seven journals and a book chapter, spanning 19 years beginning in 1989. This paper is a brief synopsis of those publications.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSspawarsyst.pdf
4040	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Gordon, F.	2007	Further evidence of nuclear reactions in the Pd lattice: emission of charged particles	Naturwiss., Vol = DOI 10.1007					Further evidence of nuclear reactions in the Pd lattice: emission of charged particles	cr-39, particle emission	Almost two decades ago, Fleischmann and Pons reported excess enthalpy generation in the negatively polarized Pd/D-D2O system, which they attributed to nuclear reactions. In the months and years that followed, other manifestations of nuclear activities in this system were observed, viz. tritium and helium production and transmutation of elements. In this report, we present additional evidence, namely, the emission of highly energetic charged particles emitted from the Pd/D electrode when this system is placed in either an external electrostatic or magnetostatic field. The density of tracks registered by a CR-39 detector was found to be of a magnitude that provides undisputable evidence of their nuclear origin. The experiments were reproducible. A model based upon electron capture is proposed to explain the reaction products observed in the Pd/D-D2O system.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSfurtherevi.pdf
4039	Conference Proceedings	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Gordon, F.	2006	Experimental Evidence for LENR in a Polarized Pd/D Lattice	NDIA 2006			Washington, DC		Experimental Evidence for LENR in a Polarized Pd/D Lattice	neutron, co-deposition, voltage, magnetic field
4038	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Young, C., Gordon, F.	2005	The effect of an external electric field on surface morphology of co-deposited Pd/D films	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 580					The effect of an external electric field on surface morphology of co-deposited Pd/D films	co-deposition, Pd, electrolysis, D2O, heat+, film	The polarized PdD electrode undergoes significant morphological changes when exposed to an external electric field. These changes range from minor, e.g. re-orientation and/or separation of weakly connected globules, through forms that result from a combined action of the field as well as that connected with the evolution of gaseous deuterium, to shapes that require substantial energy expenditure.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakStheeffecto.pdf
4037	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Young, C., Gordon, F.	2005	Evidence of nuclear reactions in the Pd lattice	Naturwiss., Vol = 92, Num = 8, Page = 394-397					Evidence of nuclear reactions in the Pd lattice	co-deposition, Pd, electrolysis, D2O, heat+, film	An operating Pd//D2O, Li+, Cl-//Pt cell, placed in an external electrostatic field, yielded unexpected results, viz. (i) Morphological changes in the form of discrete sites exhibiting molten-like features, i.e. features that require substantial energy expenditure. (ii) Presence of elements (Al, Mg, Ca, Si, Zn, . . .) that could not be extracted from cell components and deposited on discrete sites. The cell design and the experimental protocol assuring reproducibility is described in detail.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSevidenceof.pdf
4036	Conference Proceedings	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Gordon, F.	2005	Experimental Evidence for LENR in a Polarized Pd/D Lattice (PowerPoint slides)	American Physical Society Meeting			Los Angeles		Experimental Evidence for LENR in a Polarized Pd/D Lattice (PowerPoint slides)	review	Recent experiments at the U.S. Navy San Diego SPAWAR Systems Center have demonstrated nuclear effects with palladium co-deposition cathodes subjected to magnetic or high voltage fields. CR-39 is used to detect high energy particles. It is placed in close proximity to the cathode because the particles do not travel far. These experiments appear to be highly reproducible.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSexperiment.pdf
4035	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Miles, M., Fleischmann, M.	2004	Thermal behavior of polarized Pd/D electrodes prepared by co-deposition	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 410					Thermal behavior of polarized Pd/D electrodes prepared by co-deposition	electrolysis, Pd, heat+, co-deposition, D2O hot spots	Thermal behavior of polarized Pd/D electrode, prepared by the co-deposition technique, serving as a cathode in the Dewar-type electrochemical cell/calorimeter is examined. It is shown that: (i) excess enthalpy is generated during and after the completion of the co-deposition process; (ii) rates of excess enthalpy generation are somewhat higher than when Pd wires or other forms of Pd electrodes are used; (iii) positive feedback and heat-after-death effects were observed; and (iv) rates of excess power generation were found to increase with an increase in both cell current and cell temperature, the latter being higher.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSthermalbeh.pdf
4034	Conference Proceedings	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Gordon, F.	2004	Precursors And The Fusion Reactions In Polarised Pd/D-D2O System: Effect Of An External Electric Field (PowerPoint slides)	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Precursors And The Fusion Reactions In Polarised Pd/D-D2O System: Effect Of An External Electric Field (PowerPoint slides)	electrolysis, Pd, heat+, co-deposition, D2O hot spots	PowerPoint presentation for the paper of the same title.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSprecursorsa.pdf
4033	Conference Proceedings	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Gordon, F.	2004	Precursors And The Fusion Reactions In Polarised Pd/D-D2O System: Effect Of An External Electric Field	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Precursors And The Fusion Reactions In Polarised Pd/D-D2O System: Effect Of An External Electric Field	electrolysis, Pd, heat+, co-deposition, D2O hot spots	The effect of an external electric field on the physical appearance of the Pd/D electrode in an operating cell is discussed. It is shown that the individual globules of the 'cauliflower-like structure undergo a shape change exhibiting two distinct features, viz those that require energy expenditure that can be extracted from the applied external field (eg re-orientation, separation of individual globules, dendrite formation) and those that require energy expenditure far in excess of one that can be supplied by the electric field alone (eg exhibiting features usually associated with the solidification of a molten metal under liquid or the presence of localized catastrophic events leading to the formation of craters). It is shown, by energydispersive X-ray method, that the needed energy is provided by nuclear events occurring in the region close to the electrode surface. The nuclear events are of the type: precursor --> unstable nucleus --> stable nucleus.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSprecursors.pdf
4032	Conference Proceedings	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Dea, J., Gordon, F.	2003	Polarized D+/Pd-D2O System: Hot Spots and 'Mini-Explosions' (PowerPoint slides)	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Polarized D+/Pd-D2O System: Hot Spots and 'Mini-Explosions' (PowerPoint slides)	Heat, IR detector, heat after death, hot spots	we have pioneered the use of co-deposition as the means to prepare the electrode to investigate the F-P effect and have conducted several hundred experiments using this basic technique over the past 13+ years. We co-deposited onto a Ni mesh that was physically placed close to a mylar film, covering a hole in the cell wall.? An IR camera was positioned to focus on the electrode and recordings were made during and after the co-deposition process to monitor the temperature of the electrode and the surrounding solution.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSpolarizedda.pdf
4031	Conference Proceedings	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Dea, J., Gordon, F.	2003	Polarized D+/Pd-D2O System: Hot Spots and 'Mini-Explosions'	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Polarized D+/Pd-D2O System: Hot Spots and 'Mini-Explosions'	Heat, IR detector, heat after death, hot spots	Two types of activities occurring within the polarized D+/Pd-D2O system, viz. the presence of localized heat sources (hot spots) and associated with them mini- explosions, are described. The 'birth and death' of hot spots is monitored by IR imaging while the mini-explosions are displayed by the voltage spikes exhibited by a piezoelectric substrate onto which a Pd/D film was co-deposited. Processes leading to the formation of unstable domains as a precursor to the observed behavior is examined.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSpolarizedd.pdf
4030	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Miles, M.	1999	Calorimetry of the Pd+D codeposition	Fusion Technol., Vol = 36					Calorimetry of the Pd+D codeposition	electrolysis, Pd, heat+, co-deposition, D2O hot spots	Thermal activities associated with electrochemical compression of deuterium produced on electrodes prepared by Pd D codeposition are discussed. Three cases are considered: activities during and shortly after commencement of current flow, those observed during runs of several days duration, and surface temperature distribution recorded by infrared scanning. Experimental results show excellent reproducibility, high-power outputs, and the development of thermal instabilities resulting in the formation of local hot spots.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakScalorimetra.pdf
4029	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A.	1998	On the release of n/1H from cathodically polarized palladium electrodes	Fusion Technol., Vol = 34					On the release of n/1H from cathodically polarized palladium electrodes	Theory, tritium	Release paths for tritium produced during electrochemical compression of deuterium in a Pd lattice are examined. Arguments in support of the reversal of diffusion caused by gas evolution on the electrode surface are presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSontherelea.pdf
4028	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Boss, R. D., Smith, J. J.	1998	On the behavior of the Pd/D system: Evidence for tritium production	Fusion Technol., Vol = 33					On the behavior of the Pd/D system: Evidence for tritium production	tritium, Pd, electrolysis, D2O	This paper is available as a single file (here), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. ABSTRACT Evidence for tritium production in the Pd/D system under cathodic polarization is presented. A comparison of the observed distribution and that calculated, based upon the conservation of mass, leads to the conclusion that tritium is produced sporadically at an estimated rate of ca 103?'104 atoms per second. The results of several runs are interpreted by employing the concept of an electrode/electrolyte interphase and the accepted kinetics of hydrogen evolution. Observation of burst-like events followed by longer periods of inactivity yield poor reproducibility when distributions are averaged over the total time of electrolysis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSonthebehavc.pdf
4027	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A.	1996	On the behavior of the cathodically polarized Pd/D system: a response to Vigier's comments	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 221					On the behavior of the cathodically polarized Pd/D system: a response to Vigier's comments	critique, Vigier, codeposition, Pd, loading, electrolysis, D2O, theory	Electrodes prepared by Pd/D codeposition exhibit highly expanded surfaces which achieve high degrees of D/Pd loading within seconds. In this communication, morphology of the Pd electrode, the structure of the interphase, and selected thermal effects are discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSonthebehavb.pdf
4026	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Smith, J. J.	1996	On the behavior of the cathodically polarized Pd/D system: Search for emanating radiation	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 210					On the behavior of the cathodically polarized Pd/D system: Search for emanating radiation	x-ray, Pd, D2O, gamma emission, electrolysis	This paper is available as a single file (here), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. ABSTRACT Evidence for the emission of low intensity X-rays during cathodic polarization of the Pd/D system(s) is presented. The Pd/D system was prepared by charging with electrochemically generated deuterium either palladium foil or palladium electrodeposited from D2 0 electrolytes. Experimental and analytical procedures are described in detail.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSonthebehava.pdf
4025	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A.	1996	Nuclear and Thermal Events Associated with Pd + D Codeposition	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 54					Nuclear and Thermal Events Associated with Pd + D Codeposition	heat, tritium, x-ray	In the Pd+D codeposition process, palladium is electrodeposited in the presence of evolving deuterium. This process favors the initiation and propagation of nuclear and thermal events through a rapid absorption of deuterium to yield high D/Pd atomic ratios. This process results in the formation of non-equilibrium electrode structures that become the seat for localized gradients. Evidence for tritium production, X-ray emanation and generation of localized heat sources, with emphasis on experimental methodology, is provided. The active role of the electrode/electrolyte interphase in the development of these events is examined.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSnuclearand.pdf
4024	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Scharber, S. R., Smith, J. J.	1995	Cyclic voltammetry of Pd + D codeposition	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 380					Cyclic voltammetry of Pd + D codeposition	Pd, D2O, loading, electrolysis, overvoltage	This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. ABSTRACT Processes associated with the Pd + D alloy codeposition are examined by cyclic voltammetry. The voltammograms cover the potential range: +0.3 to -1.3 V (measured against an Ag/AgCl/KCl (sat) reference) and indicate that the partial current due to the Pd2+ ion reduction is diffusion limited at slow scan rates. Except for the significant increase in cathodic currents due to D2O reduction at ca. -0.25 V which occurs on a freshly generated Pd surface, the shapes of the voltammograms marginally differ from those recorded in the absence of Pd2+ ions in the electrolyte phase. A discussion of the dynamics of the interphase is presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakScyclicvolt.pdf
4023	Report	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A.	1995	Calorimetry of Open Electrolysis Cells	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 379		Naval Control, Command and Ocean Surveillance Center, RDT&E Division			Calorimetry of Open Electrolysis Cells	calorimetry heat	This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. ABSTRACT A special case of calorimetry of open electrochemical cells, that employing adiabatic enclosures, is examined. Conditions for an experimental realization of such enclosures is discussed in detail. Practical arrangement and method for data collection are presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakScalorimetr.pdf
4022	Report	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A.	1995	Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 379		Office of Naval Research			Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System	heat He Pd, D2O, electrolysis	This report includes an introduction and a number of reprinted papers. The papers are also available as individual files in this library. INTRODUCTION These introductory remarks illustrate the controversial climate that existed when the NRaD program investigated the anomalous effects the Pd/D system exhibited. These effects included, among others, excess enthalpy production at rates exceeding those usually associated with chemical reactions. The controversy concerns the origin of the observed excess enthalpy which, according to Fleischmann and Pons, is due to room temperature nuclear events involving deuterons present within the Pd lattice, hence, the term cold fusion. To avoid unnecessary arguments, this report refers to the phenomenon as the Fleishmann-Pons (FP) effect.	TR 1696 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSanomalousb.pdf
4021	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Smith, J. J.	1994	Deuterium uptake during Pd-D codeposition	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 379					Deuterium uptake during Pd-D codeposition	Pd, codeposition, loading, electrolysis, D2O	This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. ABSTRACT The mode of deuterium uptake during Pd-D co-deposition has been explored using galvanostatic perturbation techniques. The resultant potential relaxation curves exhibit four distinct potential?ime intervals where the relaxation process is controlled by the interaction between the transport of deuterium from the lattice to the surface to form adsorbed deuterium and the reduction of palladium from solution. These interactions are discussed in terms of the palladium + electrolyte interphase.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSdeuteriumu.pdf
4020	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Boss, R. D.	1994	Comments on the analysis of tritium content in electrochemical cells	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 373					Comments on the analysis of tritium content in electrochemical cells	tritium, theory, method, electrolysis	INTRODUCTION Following the report by Fleischmann and Pons [1] in 1989 that nuclear events, including the production of tritium, can be initiated in electrochemical cells during the electrolysis of heavy water on Pd cathodes, tritium production has been claimed in a number of publications, a list of which was compiled by Storms [2] and more recently reviewed by Chien et al. [3]. However, substantial difficulties have been encountered in reproducing reported data and considerable controversy remains concerning the occurrence of such events, including tritium production.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakScommentsona.pdf
4019	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Gabriel, C. J.	1994	Absorption of deuterium in palladium rods: Model vs. experiment	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 365					Absorption of deuterium in palladium rods: Model vs. experiment	D2O, Pd, electrolysis, loading	This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. The electrochemical charging of Pd rods by deuterium involves a complex coupling of electrochemical, interfacial and transport processes. In order to predict the overpotential, surface coverage and bulk loading of the electrode during charging, a model has been developed that incorporates the essential features of these processes and involves variables such as the electrochemical rate constants, the bulk diffusion coefficient and the charging current. Features of the computed time dependence of the bulk loading are then compared with published experimental charging curves. New microscopic observations and X-ray diffraction data provide further evidence for the details of the charging process.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSabsorption.pdf
4018	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Scharber, S. R.	1992	Charging of the Pd/(n)H system: role of the interphase	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 337					Charging of the Pd/(n)H system: role of the interphase	electrolysis, Pd, surface, OCV, loading	This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. The dynamics of transport of electrochemically generated deuterium across the electrode/electrolyte interphase was examined by slow scan (10 mV s-1) voltammetry. The investigation covers the potential range -1.2 to +0.4 V measured vs. an Ag/AgCl reference. It was found that a coupled, twolayer model of the interphase describes the observed behavior as a function of scan rate and electrolyte composition. The effect of chemisorbing species, e.g. CN- ions, as well as reactive species, e.g. SC(NH_)2, on the transport across the interphase is also discussed. Results are contrasted with those obtained for light water.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSchargingof.pdf
4017	Conference Proceedings	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Smith, J. J.	1992	Comments on Methodology of Excess Tritium Determination	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 515	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Comments on Methodology of Excess Tritium Determination	tritium, detection, method, ICCF-3	This paper is available as a single file (here), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. Three methods of tritium data analysis are considered?omparison between experimental and theoretical data, total mass balance and curve-fitting.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakScommentson.pdf
4016	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Gabriel, C. J., Smith, J. J., Nowak, R. J.	1991	Electrochemical charging of Pd rods	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 309					Electrochemical charging of Pd rods	Pd, loading, electrolysis, OCV, diffusion	This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. Abstract: A model describing the electrochemical charging of Pd rods is presented. The essential feature of this model is the coupling of the interfacial processes with the transport of interstitials in the electrode interior. It is shown that boundary conditions arise from the solution of equations governing the elementary adsorption-desorption and adsorption-absorption steps and the symmetry of the electrode. Effects of the choice of rate constants of the elementary steps and the charging current on the surface coverage, the electrode potential and the time required to complete electrode charging are examined.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSelectroche.pdf
4015	Journal Article	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Smith, J. J.	1991	On the behavior of Pd deposited in the presence of evolving deuterium	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 302					On the behavior of Pd deposited in the presence of evolving deuterium	co-deposition, Pd, electrolysis, D2O, heat+, film	This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. ABSTRACT Recently, Fleischmann et al. [1] reported that nuclear events can occur when deuterium is electrochemically compressed within the Pd-lattice. These events were reported to produce excess enthalpy, tritium, and neutrons. The exact nature of these events and the conditions leading to their initiation are poorly understood. In fact, the existence of such events is questioned by many [2]. The present position among those investigating this problem [3] is as follows: enthalpy production is a non-steady state process whose rate depends on the nature of the electrode material; however, the observed steady state production arises from an averaging of small perturbations. Nuclear events are believed to occur on the electrode surface as well as within the electrode interior.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSonthebehav.pdf
4014	Conference Proceedings	Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Smith, J. J.	1991	Reliable Procedure for the Initiation of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 87	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Reliable Procedure for the Initiation of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect	Pd, D2O, tritium, co-deposition, ICCF-2, electrolysis	This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in: Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research. Statistics on the initiation of the Fleischmann-Pons effect are rather poor. Reports presented at the First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion have indicated that, at best, only ca 1/10 of all attempts were successful in either producing excess enthalpy or yielding products associated with nuclear reactions. Here, we show that the Fleischmann-Pons effect can be reproducibly and rapidly initiated by employing electrodes prepared by electrodeposition from Pd2+ salts in the presence of evolving deuterium. The effectiveness of this procedure is examined in terms of tritium production.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSreliablepr.pdf
4013	Journal Article	Szklarczyk, M., Kainthla, R. C., Bockris, J.	1989	On the Dielectric Breakdown of Water: An Electrochemical Approach	J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol = 136					On the Dielectric Breakdown of Water: An Electrochemical Approach	H2O, breakdown	The dielectric breakdown of water under static fields has been studied by i-V relation for 6 metals. The relations are quasi-linear up to a current density of a few A/cm^2. The limiting current continues for a few volts to a few hundred volts, depending on the metal. a glow develops at the electrode and becomes continuous at the end of the plateau, where the cd increases irregularly(breakdown). The breakdown potential does not depend on the field in the water. It occurs at about the same cd for most metals. When electrolytes are added, the cell potential at the breakdown is increased. Adsorbed layers and organic coatings increase the breakdown potential. Electrical energy storage in water is increased by ~10 times by coatings. The breakdown potential decreases with increase of the log of rate constant for H evolution on the various electrodes and with corresponding work function. The cell potentials for breakdown correspond to fields in the dielectric below that needed to dissociate it. The limiting current is caused by the formation of a H2-steam layer at the interface, which causes increase in the electrode potential at constant current. The H2-steam layer plasmolyzes. When the Fermi level in the cathode reaches the conduction band of water, electrons enter the water and remain stable therein. They interact nonadiabatically with water and are .the head of streamers. An analogous model holds for holes in the valence band. 'Dielectric breakdown' depends on the Fermi level of the electrons in the condenser plate and the semiconductor characteristics of water. It can be eliminated by modifying the electrode surface.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Szklarczykonthediele.pdf
4012	Journal Article	Szeflinski, Z., Kozlowski, M., Osuch, S., Sawicki, P., Szeflinska, G., Wilhelmi, Z., Starowieyski, K. B., Tkacz, M.	1992	Upper limit of neutron emission from the chemical reaction of LiD with heavy water	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 168					Upper limit of neutron emission from the chemical reaction of LiD with heavy water	LiD, chemical, neutron
4011	Journal Article	Szalewicz, K., Morgan, J. D., Monkhurst, H. J.	1989	Fusion rates for hydrogen isotopic molecules of relevance for 'cold fusion'	Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., Vol = 40, Num = 5, Page = 2824					Fusion rates for hydrogen isotopic molecules of relevance for 'cold fusion'	theory, energy
4010	Journal Article	Switendick, A. C.	1991	Electronic structure and stability of palladium hydrogen (deuterium) systems, PdH(D)n, 1n3	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 172-174					Electronic structure and stability of palladium hydrogen (deuterium) systems, PdH(D)n, 1n3	theory, structure, PdD2, PdD3
4009	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2020	Buoyant Heat Transport in Flow Calorimetry	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Buoyant Heat Transport in Flow Calorimetry	Benard instability, Buoyancy correction, Buoyancy heat transport, Flow calorimetry, Flow calorimetry correction	Reported ?'excess heat' by flow calorimetric systems may be false positive or inflated, if the information was collected with temperature probes at two different heights or in the absence of confirmatory thermal Joule calibrations and ?B correction. This is especially true at higher temperatures. The non-dimensional number (?B), which is the ratio of heat transported by the buoyant forces caused by any inhomogeneous temperature distribution to the heat transported by the expected solution convection, can yield an improved semiquantitative estimate of the actual gain: Power Gain(corrected)= Power Gain(indicated) * (1 - ?B).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=274
4008	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2020	FCC Vacancies in ZrO2PdD are the Active LANR Site	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					FCC Vacancies in ZrO2PdD are the Active LANR Site	Cold fusion maser, Deuterium, Deuterium line, Free radical deuteron, Resonance broadening, Spectra, Superhyperfine, Superhyperfine lines, Vacancies	Active lattice assisted nuclear reaction (LANR) systems emit very narrow bandwidth hyperfine radiofrequency (RF) emission peaks (ca. 327.37 MHz) signaling their LANR activity. This RF frequency is very close to the theoretical Deuteron-Line (DL; 327.348 MHz) proving that D is the fuel. Neither the maser emission, nor the revealing sidebands (superhyperfine structure) appear when the components are electrically driven at subthreshold voltage or when driven in electrical avalanche mode. The RF emission sidebands provide unique information about the conditions of the desired active LANR state.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=132
4007	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2020	Pulsatile Superhyperfine Lines at 327.37 MHz Herald LANR Activity and Possible Mass-Energy Transfer	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Pulsatile Superhyperfine Lines at 327.37 MHz Herald LANR Activity and Possible Mass-Energy Transfer	Atomic deuteron, Deuterium, LANR hyperfine lines, Pulsing superhyperfine line, Superhyperfine spectra, Resonance broadening, Vacancy active site	Active lattice assisted nuclear reaction (LANR) systems, both aqueous and dry preloaded nanomaterials, emit very narrow bandwidth hyperfine radiofrequency (RF) emission peaks at 327.37 MHz. This is located very close to the theoretical Deuteron-Line (DL; 327.348 MHz) region. At higher applied driving voltages, a complex superhyperfine line structure of sidebands appears. At least some of their emitting RF radiation superhyperfine line peaks, heralding the inverted population, are observed to be apparently pulsing. This may be a sign of real time mass-energy transfers within the high loaded Group VIII lattice.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=117
4006	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2020	Active LANR Systems Emit a 327.37 MHz Maser Line	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Active LANR Systems Emit a 327.37 MHz Maser Line	Active site, Deuteron line, Deuterium line, LANR maser, Maser, Zeeman splitting	Active LANR systems, both aqueous and dry preloaded nanomaterials, emit very narrow bandwidth radio frequency (RF) hyperfine emission peaks (ca. 327.37 MHz) very close to the Deuterium Line (DL). In a Fabry?erot structure, two electrically driven PdD-ZrO2 preloaded components produce a solid state DL maser when driven above a threshold voltage, and below their electrical avalanche breakdown voltage. When the systems are electrically driven at higher applied voltage, a superhyperfine structure of sidebands appears with significant local in situ information. The RF emission proves that D is the LANR fuel and demonstrates that the deuteron, in the excited pre-4He state, is a free radical emitting from an FCC vacancy.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=87
4005	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2020	Investigations of ?eat after Death? Analysis of the Factors which Determine the Tardive Thermal Power and HAD Enthalpy	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 31					Investigations of ?eat after Death? Analysis of the Factors which Determine the Tardive Thermal Power and HAD Enthalpy	Heat after death, Heterodyne excess power, Lumped parameter, Lumped component, Phusorr, Phusorr-type component, Tardive thermal power	This report closely examines the heat energy generated during the discharge period after cessation of all input electrical power to active CF/LANR components (?eat after Death? or ?AD? energy). This is potentially a very important source of energy because the techniques shown here, can increase the excess energy gain of CF/LANR reactions by at least 410%. In addition, by monitoring both the calorimetry and the Voc, detailed knowledge of the deuteron distribution and flows within the palladium are revealed. These experiments revealed that initially only one in 2300 deuterons takes part in the desired reactions of HAD excess enthalpy production, for a net utilization of 0.04% of the loaded deuterons at that time. This decreases over time. Integrated over the entire HAD regime, this deuteron participation levels falls, and eventually only 1 in 106 deuterons participates in the desired fusion reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzd.pdf#page=25
4004	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2019	Comparison of NANOR(TM)-type LANR Components to 238Pu as a Heat Source for Space Flight	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Comparison of NANOR(TM)-type LANR Components to 238Pu as a Heat Source for Space Flight	Electricity production, NANOR(TM)-type component, Plutonium, Safety, Space exploration, Space power delivery, Ther?oelectricity	Plutonium-238 creates heat by its natural radioactive decay to alpha particles and generates electricity using thermoelectric genera?ors (0.57 W/g, but 25 mW/g when shielding and supports are considered). The technology has been proven to work on more than two dozen US space vehicles. Yet, two problems exist: (1) NASA has currently only 1 kg of isotope exceeding the specifications requisite for space power delivery and (2) the safety of 238Pu. There is a need to consider alternative LANR systems. As a heat producing source, the Series 6 NANOR(R)-type components deliver up to 150 mW of excess power, and so less than a dozen of them could replace 1 g of 238Pu in the power density metric. If present limitation of higher temperatures can be achieved, then the most efficient and safe deep space energy production systems in the future may include preloaded LANR components.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=247
4003	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2019	Aqueous and Nanostructured CF/LANR Systems Each has Two Electrically Driven Modes	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Aqueous and Nanostructured CF/LANR Systems Each has Two Electrically Driven Modes	Biphasic response, CMORE spectroscopy, Excess heat mode, Quenching, Two modes, Two states	An important difficulty to overcome for success in this field is the recognition and control of the two different electrically driven modes for both aqueous and nanostructured CF/LANR systems. Only one state is the active, desired, excess heat (XSH)-producing state (??ode?). This is demonstrated by presenting calorimetry and other measurements of both modes during a single run, and by confirmation using CMORE spectroscopy. It is fortunate that LANR systems, when active, have distinct calorimetric and CMORE anti-Stokes-XSH linked signatures, because it explains why some CF/LANR systems fail to create 'excess heat' (XSH), and reveals unwanted reactions, XSH-quenching reactions and pathways.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=186
4002	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R., Ahern, B. S., Haldemann, C., Weinberg, A.	2019	Excess Heat is Linked to Deuterium Loss in an Aqueous Nickel LANR System	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Excess Heat is Linked to Deuterium Loss in an Aqueous Nickel LANR System	Deuterium, Deuterium loss, LANR, Palladium	These results indicate a loss of deuterium (more precisely, 'deuterons') from ordinary water when excess heat is observed in an aqueous Ni CF/LANR system (Ni/ordinaryH2O/Pt) using a very large cathodic area. The exit gas, from the enclosed electrolytic cell, had an HD/H2 isotopic ratio (3/2 ratio) which was significantly less than originally. When using V*I as electrical input power, the maximum incremental power gain was ~4 times electrical input; this occurred at lower electrical input power. The maximum excess power was circa 5 W.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=178
4001	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2018	Increase of an Anti-Stokes Peak at the Cathode of an Electrically Driven, Active Aqueous Nickel/H2O/Pt System	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 27					Increase of an Anti-Stokes Peak at the Cathode of an Electrically Driven, Active Aqueous Nickel/H2O/Pt System	Anti-Stokes, CMORE spectroscopy, Excess heat mode, Lattice assisted nuclear reactions, Phonon gain, PHUSOR-type component, Spectroscopy	Coherent Multiwavelength Optical Reflection Electric-driven (CMORE) spectroscopy offers investigators of condensed matter nuclear science a new diagnostic ? in addition to calorimetry and detection of classic emissions. The fact that these discerning spectra occur at the beginning of an experimental run before the temperature and calorimetry can respond in both nanomaterials, and now aqueous systems as reported here, is of tremendous potential value to experimentalists because it may enable avoiding inactive modes and undesired quenching reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedz.pdf#page=28
4000	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2017	Quasiparticles, Collective Excitations and Higher-order Collective Quasi-excitations in Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 25					Quasiparticles, Collective Excitations and Higher-order Collective Quasi-excitations in Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reactions	Coherent excitations, Collective excitations, LANR, Phonons, Quasiparticle	Quasiparticles and collective excitations are similar in that they arise de novo from material interactions. They are in need of classi?cation and important because some of them are highly relevant to successful lattice assisted nuclear reactions (LANR). This report reviews this classi?cation along with discussion of their impact on our ability to enable LANR.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedx.pdf#page=32
3999	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R., Hagelstein, P. L.	2017	Increased PdD anti-Stokes Peaks are Correlated with Excess Heat Mode	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Increased PdD anti-Stokes Peaks are Correlated with Excess Heat Mode	Avalanche mode, CMORE spectroscopy, Excess heat mode, NANOR-type LANR component, Phonon gain	Volume-enhanced Coherent Multi-wavelength Optical Reflection Electric-driven (CMORE) spectroscopy successfully differentiates active states in LANR nanomaterials. All the anti-Stokes peaks are relatively missing in the undriven mode for all of the nanostructured materials. Weak anti-Stokes peaks are elicited from Pd (and Ni and their alloy) nanostructured material in ZrO2. But when NANOR-type components are electrically driven, there is diversity in outcome. When driven in the avalanche mode, the anti-Stokes peaks differ considerably from those which appear during the excess heat (XSH)-producing or desired mode. The anti-Stokes peak(s) differ in energy, amount, and in what stimulates their appearance. However, normal anti-Stokes peaks return when the electrical drive creates ?valanche mode? characterized by higher electrical current at decreasing voltage. The avalanche anti-Stokes peaks are many, and they are lower energy than the XSH mode produced anti-Stokes peak (described main text). By contrast, successful cold fusion is heralded by a large increase in the anti-Stokes to Stokes (aS/S) ratio, and the generated anti-Stokes peak for the desired and XSH-producing state is very different from the avalanche-generated multiple anti-Stokes peaks. That XSHrelated peak is singular and at higher energy. This distinguishing, higher energy, single, anti-Stokes peak is also not seen in the ?ff? state or the avalanche (undesirable) mode. Our analysis finds that the excess-heat produced anti-Stokes peak is matched to the Stokes line of PdD. We also find that the several lower energy anti-Stokes in avalanche mode (unsuccessful regarding CF/LANR) are matched to the many Stokes peaks for zirconia. In the desired electric-driven XSH-producing mode, the two-terminal deuterided NANORr-type CF/LANR component has a measured Boltzmann Stokes ratio ~1.3. Analysis of the phonon gain heralds ~7^+/- 0 15 acoustic phonons assisting nuclear reactions and a core peak calculated Stokes temperature of circa 1645 K. Therefore, these findings confirm a role for PdD acoustic phonons in successful CF/LANR.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=142
3998	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2017	Oscillating Excess Power Gain and Magnetic Domains in NANOR(TM) -type CF/LANR Components	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 22					Oscillating Excess Power Gain and Magnetic Domains in NANOR(TM) -type CF/LANR Components	LANR, Magnetic domains, Magnetism, NANOR, Oscillating power gain	Post-magnetization effects, both significant and time-variant, were observed in NANOR (R) -type CF/LANR components. In contrast to previously observed exponential falloffs of sample activity (peak incremental excess power gain), post-magnetization activity demonstrates oscillatory activity. This paper reports an analysis of the force density and expected theoretical frequency for oscillations, which have already been observed to exist between these magnetic domains after magnetization, calculated by using the Maxwell stress tensor.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedu.pdf#page=40
3997	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2016	Optical Detection of Phonon Gain Distinguishes an Active Cold Fusion/LANR component (3)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 20					29 Optical Detection of Phonon Gain Distinguishes an Active Cold Fusion/LANR component (3)	Avalanche mode, CMORE spectroscopy, Excess heat mode, NANOR, Phonon gain	Successful cold fusion is heralded by a large, if not quite abnormal, increase in the anti-Stokes to Stokes (aS/S) ratio in coherent multi-wavelength optical reflection volume-enhanced electric-driven spectroscopy (CMORE-spectroscopy). This distinguishing phonon gain is not seen in the ?ff? state or the avalanche (undesirable) mode. It heralds seven acoustic phonons assisting nuclear reactions and a core peak calculated Stokes temperature of circa 1645 K.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondenseds.pdf#page=34
3996	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M., Hagelstein, P. L.	2016	Impact of Electrical Avalanche through a ZrO2?iD Nanostructured CF/LANR Component on its Incremental Excess Power Gain	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					287 Impact of Electrical Avalanche through a ZrO2?iD Nanostructured CF/LANR Component on its Incremental Excess Power Gain	Deuterated nickel, Nanomaterials, Nanostructured ZrO2, ZrO2?iD	Cold fusion nanomaterials, in general, and NANOR R-type LANR components (derived from them), in particular, have two distinct regions of performance on each side of the electrical avalanche. This had lead to the identification of three (3) distinct regions of their electrical operation. We now report that the optimal power gain of NANOR R-type cold fusion components is found far below the breakdown voltage and that the power gain decreases continuously as the electrical avalanche threshold is approached. Beyond the region of electrical avalanche, the previously active preloaded LANR quantum electronic components then give a thermal output similar to a standard ohmic control (a carbon composition resistor). Therefore, use of this technique of driving an active CF/LANR nanomaterial component into, and beyond, their avalanche threshold, provides verification of the excess heat an additional way, which confirms that the calorimetry was calibrated. Also, this investigation indicates where, on the input power axis, to drive them for a maximum effective use. We also report that deuterium can fuel nanomaterial ZrO2?i systems, consistent with the previously report involving aqueous CF/LANR systems by Swartz et al. (ICCF-9).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=295
3995	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M., Tolleson, J., Hagelstein, P. L.	2015	Dry, preloaded NANOR(TM)-type CF/LANR components	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					595 Dry, preloaded NANOR (R)-type CF/LANR components
3994	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2015	Entrepreneurial Efforts: Cold Fusion Research at JET Energy Leads to Innovative, Dry Components	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					102 Entrepreneurial Efforts: Cold Fusion Research at JET Energy Leads to Innovative, Dry Components	Dry cold fusion component, NANOR, Preloaded cold fusion component, Preloaded energy production	Dry, preloaded NANOR-type technology makes cold fusion (LANR) reactions more accessible. These self-contained, twoterminal nanocomposite components have at their core PdD and NiD nanostructured material. Their CF/LANR/CF activation is separated from their loading, and yields up to 20 times input; characterized by reasonable reproducibility and controllability. With an excess power density of 19,500 W/kg, and zero-carbon footprint, could these ready-to-be-activated NANOR-type LANR components/systems/materials be the future of clean efficient energy production?	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=109
3993	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2015	Incremental High Energy Emission from a ZrO2?dD Nanostructured Quantum Electronic Component CF/LANR	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					92 Incremental High Energy Emission from a ZrO2?dD Nanostructured Quantum Electronic Component CF/LANR	High energy CF/LANR emission, Preloaded CF/LANR component, quantum electronic cold fusion component, ZrO2-PdD CF/LANR nanostructure	In situ measurement for possible incremental penetrating ionizing radiation output from an activated nanocomposite ZrO2?dD CF/LANR component revealed a barely detectable, incremental emission when there was significant energy gain. The autonomous driver minimized background radiobiological interference. This effort demonstrates that CF/LANR is relatively safe, with penetrating ionizing emissions, at these power levels, of lower biological impact than typical background sources.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=98
3992	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M., Tolleson, J., Wright, L., Goldbaum, R., Mosier-Boss, P. A., Hagelstein, P. L.	2015	Imaging of an Active NANOR(TM)-type LANR Component using CR-39	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					Imaging of an Active NANOR-type LANR Component using CR-39	CR-39 Imaging, Imaging CF/LANR Systems, Preloaded CF/LANR component, ZrO2PdD	This effort examined CR-39 chips exposed to a ZrO2-PdD NANOR-type CF/LANR component exhibiting significant energy. There was a fall-off in pit count with increasing distance from the operating system. Most interestingly, the CR-39 over the device essentially imaged the active CF/LANR device at very low resolution. Large tracks were the most effective for imaging. Smaller and mid-sized tracks appear to be useful for measuring fall off of the chip irradiation as a function of distance. The conclusion is that CF/LANR is a nuclear process, and for this system at this power level, the quantitative amount is measurable in a spatial, controllable, pattern.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=88
3991	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M., Tolleson, J., Wright, L., Goldbaum, R., Hagelstein, P. L.	2015	Amplification and Restoration of Energy Gain Using Fractionated Magnetic Fields on ZrO2?dD Nanostructured Components	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					66 Amplification and Restoration of Energy Gain Using Fractionated Magnetic Fields on ZrO2?dD Nanostructured Components	Fractionated magnetic fields, Magnetic field intensities, ZrO2PdD, Magnetic fields and CF/LANR	Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reactions (LANR) (CF) activated nanocomposite ZrO2?dNiD CF/LANR components are capable of significant energy gain over long periods of time with reproducibility and controllability. We report the response of such active components to steady and dynamic applied magnetic field intensities up to 1.5 T changing with a 0.1 ms rise time. Power gain was determined by the triple verified system of dT/Pin, HF/Pin, and calorimetry. Fractionated magnetic fields have a significant, unique amplification effect. Residual, late-appearing effects are complex. Importantly, at higher input electrical currents, high intensity fractionated magnetic fields demonstrate their own, new optimal operating point (OOP) manifold curve. This suggests that cold fusion (LANR) is the first stage, and may be mediated by other than phonons.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=73
3990	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R., Hagelstein, P. L.	2014	Transient Vacancy Phase States in Palladium after High Dose-rate Electron Beam Irradiation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 14					50-60 Transient Vacancy Phase States in Palladium after High Dose-rate Electron Beam Irradiation	CF materials, Electrode Irradiation, Fukai states, Superabundant vacancies, Vacancy phase metals	A high voltage electron irradiator was used to generate high vacancy content VP metal samples. High Frenkel defects (FD) content (vacancy phase) metal samples of Pd and Ni were generated by a single treatment with a high voltage electron irradiator (2.5 MV electrons, 2500 Gray/s dose rate, single portal, 1.50?3.0 megaGray midplane dose) at room temperature. These irradiationsynthesized, vacancy-phase (ISVP) metals were examined for their room-temperature annealing rate using four-terminal conductivity measurements. We show that high dose rate supervoltage irradiated palladium and nickel can achieve saturation densities of defects at the level of a few tenths percent and that level can be followed with the appearance of lattice quakes repairing the damage. The most heavily irradiated samples developed incremental electrical resistivities of '4 ?!-cm, with rapid recovery consistent with room-temperature annealing. The early labile vacancy phase state of ISVP metals has a half-life '2.5 h. Lattice quakes are observed when electrical transconduction spectroscopy is used to monitor the lattice healing and vacancy recombination. The irradiation produced an effective increase in the cross-sectional area of the palladium wires (99.98%) pure) of '2.5% at 3 megaGray delivered, consistent with the literature.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedm.pdf#page=56
3989	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M., Tolleson, J.	2014	Energy Gain From Preloaded ZrO2-PdNi-D Nanostructured CF/LANR Quantum Electronic Components	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					516-527 Energy Gain From Preloaded ZrO2-PdNi-D Nanostructured CF/LANR Quantum Electronic Components	Dry cold fusion, NANOR, Preloading, ZrO2PdNiD, ZrO2PdD	Previously, we reported that such nanocomposite ZrO2?dNiD LANR materials have been made into LANR/CF transistors which exhibit energy gain and simultaneous non-thermal near infrared emission. This is accompanied by complicated polarization/transconduction phenomena including an avalanche transconduction electrical breakdown, which has a critical role in excess heat generation. This paper presents a new generation of preloaded LANR (CF) activated nanocomposite ZrO2?dNiD CF/LANR quantum electronic devices capable of energy gain. These devices dry, glued into electrically conductive, sealed, configurations. The core is ZrO2?(PdNiD) with additional D2 and H2. They are self-contained CF/LANR quantum electronic components containing ZrO2?dNi? LANR/CF nanostructured materials which generate significant excess heat from applied electric fields. They also feature two terminals and self-contained superior handling properties enabling portability and transportability. Most importantly, the activation of the desired LANR reactions is, for the first time, separated from the loading of the substrate. Although their development has required control of their breakdown states and the quenching tendencies of nanostructured materials, these ZrO2?dNiD CF/LANR quantum electronic devices are potentially very useful because they are reproducible active nanostructured CF/LANR quantum electronic devices.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=538
3988	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R., Hagelstein, P. L.	2014	Demonstration of Energy Gain from a Preloaded ZrO2-PdD Nanostructured CF/LANR Quantum Electronic Device at MIT	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					516-527 Demonstration of Energy Gain from a Preloaded ZrO2-PdD Nanostructured CF/LANR Quantum Electronic Device at MIT	Dry, NANOR, Preloading, Reproducibility	A self-contained, preloaded CF/LANR quantum electronic component, a NANOR-type LANR device containing active ZrO2?dD nanostructured material at its core, showed energy gain during, and after, the January, 2012 IAP MIT Course on CF/LANR. The Series VI two terminal device featured new composition, structure, and superior handling properties. Most importantly it was preloaded so that LANR activation is separated from loading. The calorimeter had parallel diagnostics, including heat flow measurement, and calibrations included an ohmic (thermal) control located next to the NANOR-type device. The preloaded LANR device demonstrated energy gain which ranged generally from 5 to 16. It was 14.1 energy gain while the MIT IAP course was ongoing. During February and March, through a range of experiments, the NANOR continued to produce excess energy, confirmed by daily calibrations. This open demonstration has confirmed the existence, reproducibility, and improved control of CF/LANR reactions, and as importantly, has shown a possibly superior preloaded nanostructured LANR material and driving device.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=526
3987	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2012	LANR Nanostructures and Metamaterials Driven at their Optimal Operating Point	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6					LANR Nanostructures and Metamaterials Driven at their Optimal Operating Point	Deuterium, Lattice-assisted nuclear reactions, Loading flux, Metamaterials, Nanostructures, OOP manifolds, Optimal operating point, Palladium	In lattice-assisted nuclear reactions (LANR, or LENR), the size and structural metamaterial shape of Pd-D nanostructures, and the deuterium flux through them all play decisive roles. The spiral Phusor?-type cathode system with open helical cylindrical geometry in a high electrical resistance solution is a LANR metamaterial design creating an unusual electric field distribution and requisite intrapalladial deuteron flow. Optimal operating point (OOP) technology allows improved and more reproducible operation. LANR power gain can be considerable. In situ imaging has revealed that the excess power gain is linked to non-thermal near-IR emission when the LANR devices are operated at their OOP.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensede.pdf#page=158
3986	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2011	Impact of an Applied Magnetic Field on a High Impedance Dual Anode LANR Device	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 4					Impact of an Applied Magnetic Field on a High Impedance Dual Anode LANR Device	Deuterium, Deuterons, Excess heat, Excess power gain, Flux, Lattice assisted nuclear reactions, Loading, Metamaterials, Nanostructures, Optimal operating point, Palladium	This paper reports on the impact of an applied magnetic field intensity on LANR solution electrical resistance and an analysis of its role in metal deuteride loading and LANR performance. A dual anode PHUSOR?-type Pd/D2O/Au LANR device was driven at its optimal operating point, with two electrical current sources; to drive, and examine by 4-terminal electrical resistance, the loaded PdDx cathode. An applied magnetic field ~0.3 T increases the LANR solution?? electrical resistance ~10-17% with a time constant in minutes. The incremental resistance increase to an applied H-field is greatest at low loading current. The incremental resistance increase from an applied H-field is greatest with the applied H-field perpendicular to the driving electrical field (E-field) intensity. The modified LANR deuteron loading rate equation indicates that an applied magnetic field intensity increases deuteron loading in a LANR system by the increasing solution resistance and limiting undesired gas evolving reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedc.pdf#page=101
3985	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M., Weinberg, A.	2008	Non-Thermal Near-IR Emission from High Impedance and Codeposition LANR Devices	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Non-Thermal Near-IR Emission from High Impedance and Codeposition LANR Devices	radiation
3984	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M.	2008	The Phusor LANR Cathode is a Metamaterial which Creates Deuteron Flux for Excess Power Gain	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		The Phusor LANR Cathode is a Metamaterial which Creates Deuteron Flux for Excess Power Gain	Theory
3983	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R., Forsley, L.	2008	Analysis of 'Superwave-as-Transitory-OOP-Peak' Hypothesis	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Analysis of 'Superwave-as-Transitory-OOP-Peak' Hypothesis	Theory
3982	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R.	2008	Electrical Breakeven from LANR Phusor Device Systems: Relative Limitations of Thermal Loss in Feedback Loop	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Electrical Breakeven from LANR Phusor Device Systems: Relative Limitations of Thermal Loss in Feedback Loop	Excess power
3981	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R.	2008	Excess Power Gain using High Impedance and Codepositional LANR Devices Monitored by Calorimetry, Heat Flow, and Paired Stirling Engines	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Excess Power Gain using High Impedance and Codepositional LANR Devices Monitored by Calorimetry, Heat Flow, and Paired Stirling Engines	Excess heat
3980	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R.	2008	Optimal Operating Point Manifolds in Active, Loaded Palladium Linked to Three Distinct Physical Regions	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Optimal Operating Point Manifolds in Active, Loaded Palladium Linked to Three Distinct Physical Regions	Theory
3979	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R.	2003	Can a Pd/D2O/Pt Device be Made Portable to Demonstrate the Optimal Operationg Point	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		in print	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Can a Pd/D2O/Pt Device be Made Portable to Demonstrate the Optimal Operationg Point	Excess heat, calorimeter
3978	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M.	2003	Excess Heat from Low Electrical Conductivity Heavy Water Spiral-Wound Pd/D2O/Pt and Pd/D2O-PdCl2/Pt Devices	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		in print	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Excess Heat from Low Electrical Conductivity Heavy Water Spiral-Wound Pd/D2O/Pt and Pd/D2O-PdCl2/Pt Devices	Excess heat, calorimeter
3977	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R.	2003	Photoinduced Excess Heat from Laser-Irradiated Electrically-Polarized Palladium Cathodes in D2O	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		in print	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Photoinduced Excess Heat from Laser-Irradiated Electrically-Polarized Palladium Cathodes in D2O	Excess heat, calorimeter
3976	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M., Frank, A. H.	2002	The impact of heavy water (D2O) on nickel-light water cold fusion systems	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		The impact of heavy water (D2O) on nickel-light water cold fusion systems 4041	electrolysis, D2O, H2O, heat, Ni
3975	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	2000	Summary of the seventh international conference on cold fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 37					Summary of the seventh international conference on cold fusion	review
3974	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1999	Generality of Optimal Operating Point Behavior in Low Energy Nuclear Systems	J. New Energy, Vol = 4, Num = 2, Page = 218-228					Generality of Optimal Operating Point Behavior in Low Energy Nuclear Systems	OOP
3973	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M.	1999	Bremsstrahlung in Hot and Cold Fusion	J. New Energy, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 90-101					Bremsstrahlung in Hot and Cold Fusion	radiation
3972	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R., Verner, G. M., Frank, A. H., Fox, H.	1999	Importance of nondimensional numbers in cold fusion	Symposium on New Energy			Salt Lake City, UT	Aug. 27-28, 1999	Importance of nondimensional numbers in cold fusion	OOP, theory
3971	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1999	Patterns of success in research involving low energy nuclear reactions- A metanalysis	J. New Energy, Vol = 3, Num = 1, Page = 14					Patterns of success in research involving low energy nuclear reactions- A metanalysis	history
3970	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1999	Optimal Operating Point Analysis of Dr. Mizuno's, Dr. Arata's and Other Data	J. New Energy, Vol = 3, Num = 1, Page = 14					Optimal Operating Point Analysis of Dr. Mizuno's, Dr. Arata's and Other Data	OOP
3969	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1999	Further confirmation of optimal operating point behavior	J. New Energy, Vol = 3, Num = 1, Page = 14					Further confirmation of optimal operating point behavior	OOP, theory
3968	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1998	The Importance of Controlling Zero-Input Electrical Power Offset	J. New Energy, Vol = 3, Num = 1, Page = 14					The Importance of Controlling Zero-Input Electrical Power Offset	heat, method
3967	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R.	1998	Optimal Operating Point Characteristics of Nickel Light Water Experiments	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 371	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Optimal Operating Point Characteristics of Nickel Light Water Experiments	H2O, Ni, heat+, electrolysis, OOP, ICCF-7
3966	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1997	Codeposition of palladium and deuterium	Fusion Technol., Vol = 32					Codeposition of palladium and deuterium	theory, loading, codeposition, Pd, PdD, diffision
3965	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1997	Phusons in nuclear reactions in solids	Fusion Technol., Vol = 31					Phusons in nuclear reactions in solids	theory, phuson
3964	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1997	Consistency of the biphasic nature of excess enthalpy in solid-state anomalous phenomena with the quasi-one-dimensional model of isotope loading into a material	Fusion Technol., Vol = 31					Consistency of the biphasic nature of excess enthalpy in solid-state anomalous phenomena with the quasi-one-dimensional model of isotope loading into a material	Ni, heat, electrolysis, Fe, Al, H2O
3963	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1997	Noise Measurement in Cold Fusion Systems	J. New Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 56					Noise Measurement in Cold Fusion Systems	sound, accoustic electrolysis
3962	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1997	Explanation for Some Difference Between Reports of Excess Heat in Solid State Fusion Experiments	J. New Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 1, Page = 60					Explanation for Some Difference Between Reports of Excess Heat in Solid State Fusion Experiments	proton conductor, critique review heat
3961	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1996	Hydrogen Redistribution by Catastrophic Desorption in Selected Transition Metals	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 26					Hydrogen Redistribution by Catastrophic Desorption in Selected Transition Metals	deloading, H2
3960	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1996	Experiments Using Nickel Cathodes	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 68					Experiments Using Nickel Cathodes	Ni, electrolysis, H2O, heat
3959	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1996	The Relative Impact of Thermal Stratification of the Air Surrounding a Calorimeter	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 141					The Relative Impact of Thermal Stratification of the Air Surrounding a Calorimeter	heat, method
3958	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1996	Four Definitions of Power Ratio used to Describe Excess Enthalpy in Solid-State Loading Systems	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 54					Four Definitions of Power Ratio used to Describe Excess Enthalpy in Solid-State Loading Systems	heat, review
3957	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1996	Possible deuterium production from light water excess enthalpy experiments using nickel cathodes	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 68					Possible deuterium production from light water excess enthalpy experiments using nickel cathodes	theory, dineutron
3956	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1996	Improved calculations involving energy release using a buoyancy transport correction	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 219					Improved calculations involving energy release using a buoyancy transport correction	theory, heat, error, critique
3955	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1996	The Relationship between Input Power and Enthalpic Behavior of Nickel Cathodes During Light Water Electrolysis	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 74					The Relationship between Input Power and Enthalpic Behavior of Nickel Cathodes During Light Water Electrolysis	Ni, H2O, electrolysis, heat, method
3954	Report	Swartz, M. R.	1996	Potential for positional variations in flow calorimetric systems	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 74					Potential for positional variations in flow calorimetric systems	heat, method critique
3953	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1994	Isotopic Fuel Loading Coupled to Reactions at an Electrode	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 74					Isotopic Fuel Loading Coupled to Reactions at an Electrode	diffusion, gradient, Pd, deuterium
3952	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R.	1994	Generalized Isotopic Fuel Loading Equations	International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 134	Fox, H.	Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City	Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus	May 24-26, 1994	Generalized Isotopic Fuel Loading Equations	theory
3951	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R.	1993	Some Lessons From Optical Examination of the PFC Phase-II Calorimetric Curves	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 19		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Some Lessons From Optical Examination of the PFC Phase-II Calorimetric Curves	Fleischmann, critique, heat, evaluation, ICCF-4
3950	Conference Proceedings	Swartz, M. R.	1993	A Method to Improve Algorithms Used to Detect Steady State Excess Enthalpy	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 16		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	A Method to Improve Algorithms Used to Detect Steady State Excess Enthalpy	heat, method, ICCF-4
3949	Journal Article	Swartz, M. R.	1992	Quasi-one-dimensional model of electrochemical loading of isotopic fuel into a metal	Fusion Technol., Vol = 22					Quasi-one-dimensional model of electrochemical loading of isotopic fuel into a metal	theory, electrolysis, Pd, structure
3948	Journal Article	Sundqvist, B. U. R., Haakansson, P., Hedin, A., Bucur, R. V., Johansson, B., Waeppling, R.	1989	On the observation of charged particles in cold fusion	Phys. Scr., Vol = 40					On the observation of charged particles in cold fusion	particle emission, Pd, electrolysis, D2O
3947	Conference Proceedings	Sunden, O.	1995	Centripelal de Broglie Wave Fields Connected to Particles at Rest Explain Cold Fusion and Particle-Wave-Duality	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 379	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Centripelal de Broglie Wave Fields Connected to Particles at Rest Explain Cold Fusion and Particle-Wave-Duality	theory, ICCF-5	The controversy about Cold Fusion 'CF' depends on the fact that the phenomena discovered are not in agreement with present physical theories, like QM and QED. The aim of this paper is to show that a. Time-Space-Oscillation `TSO' connected to matter is a physical perspective able to explain CF and the Particle-Wave-Duality, even able to propose technical means for further development. According to this perspective a particle -even at rest- is joined to a real, centripetal TSO, a 'de Broglie oscillation', instead of a mathematical Schr?inger wave function1). This TSO-field propagates with velocity c toward a focus, where the particle is created as a flickering wave vertex, that can push an instrument trigger. Particles and nuclides including their Coulomb barriers, thus become endowed with phase dependency and a centripetal wave field, that can interfere in slits. This explains the Particle-Wave Duality and why the Coulomb barrier can be tunneled under certain phase conditions.. This TSO-perspective further hints at nuclear reactions of a 'centripetal' kind different from those based on 'translational collisions', described by present high energy physics. It is worth consideration because it gives accurate accounts for physical constants, particle masses and charges, while the nuclides appear as focal resonance-shells, able to arrange acc. to Mendelejev.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=182
3946	Journal Article	Sundaresan, R., Bockris, J.	1994	Anomalous Reactions During Arcing Between Carbon Rods in Water	Fusion Technol., Vol = 26					Anomalous Reactions During Arcing Between Carbon Rods in Water	transmutation, C, Fe, H2O plasma discharge	Spectroscopically pure carbon rods were subjected to a carbon arc in highly purified water. The arc current varied from 20 to 25 A and was passed intermittently for several hours. The original carbon contained ~2 parts per million (ppm) iron, and the detritus contained up to 286 ppm of iron. The carbon rods remained cool 10 the touch at >2 cm from their tips. Adsorption of iron from water or the surrounding atmosphere was established as not being the cause of the increase of iron. There is a weak correlation between the iron formed and the time of passage of current. When dissolved O2, was replaced by N2 in the solution, no iron was formed. Hence, the mechanism 26C12 + 28O18 -> 26Fe56 + 2He4 was suggested as the origin of the iron. The increase in temperature of the solution was consistent with expectation based on this reaction.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Sundaresananomalousr.pdf
3945	Journal Article	Sun, Y., Yang, Q. D., Zhang, Q. F.	1999	Application of real time surveillance technique to precision calorimetry system	Sichuan Lianhe Daxue Xuebao, Gongcheng Kexueban (J. Sichuan Union Univ., Eng. Sci. Ed.), Vol = 3, Num = 6, Page = 119 [in Chinese]					Application of real time surveillance technique to precision calorimetry system	critique, Fleischmann, heat, method
3944	Journal Article	Sun, D. L., Lei, Y. Q., Wu, J., Wang, Q. D., Wang, R.	1993	An explanation for the abnormal temperature rise of palladium cathode during electrochemical deuterium charging	Science in China A, Vol = 36					An explanation for the abnormal temperature rise of palladium cathode during electrochemical deuterium charging	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, heat
3943	Journal Article	Sun, D. L., Lei, Y. Q., Chen, Y. L., Wu, J., Wang, Q. D., Lu, X. N.	1992	A study of existing forms of deuterium in palladium by positron lifetime spectroscopy	Chin. Sci. Bull., Vol = 37					A study of existing forms of deuterium in palladium by positron lifetime spectroscopy	PdD, structure, position
3942	Journal Article	Sun, Z., Tomanek, D.	1989	Cold fusion: how close can deuterium atoms come inside palladium?	Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol = 63, Num = 1, Page = 59					Cold fusion: how close can deuterium atoms come inside palladium?	theory, distance
3941	Journal Article	Sullivan, D. L.	1994	Exclusionary epideictic: NOVA's narrative excommunication of Fleischmann and Pons	Sci., Technol. Human Values, Vol = 19					Exclusionary epideictic: NOVA's narrative excommunication of Fleischmann and Pons	history
3940	Conference Proceedings	Sugiura, H., Yamaguchi, E.	1998	Calorimetric Analysis of the Excess Heat Generated from Pd:D and Pd:H by the 'In-vacuo' Method	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 366	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Calorimetric Analysis of the Excess Heat Generated from Pd:D and Pd:H by the 'In-vacuo' Method	Pd, D2, heat+, layer, Au-Pd, Ag-Pd, H2, ICCF-7	We developed an evaluation method for the excess heat generated from 'in-vacuo ' Pd:D (Pd:H) . Using this method, w e quantitatively analysed the excess power including the endothermic contribution in de-loading D2 ( H 2) gas and confirmed the 100% reproducibility of more than 100% excess heat generation from Pd: D (Pd: H).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=366
3939	Journal Article	Sugakov, V. I.	1996	Conditions for inducing, dynamics and manifestation of atom acceleration in nonequilibrium crystals	Ukr. Fiz. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), Vol = 41					Conditions for inducing, dynamics and manifestation of atom acceleration in nonequilibrium crystals	Theory, crystal defects, energy focussing, solitons
3938	Journal Article	Sugai, H., Tanase, M., Yahagi, M	1998	Release of tritium, protium, and helium from neutron-irradiated Li-Al alloy. II	J. Nuclear Mater., Vol = 254, Num = 2/3, Page = 151					Release of tritium, protium, and helium from neutron-irradiated Li-Al alloy. II	Li-Al, neutron, tritium
3937	Journal Article	Stulen, R. H.	1988	Summary Abstract: Observation of Molecular H2 and D2 on Pd and Ag Using Thermal Desorption Between 5 and 20 K	J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, Vol = 6					Summary Abstract: Observation of Molecular H2 and D2 on Pd and Ag Using Thermal Desorption Between 5 and 20 K	Pd, Ag, H2, D2, absorption
3936	Journal Article	Stukan, R. A., Rumyantsev, Yu. M.	1996	Effect of tritium on the generation of hard radiation in the electrolysis of D2O with a palladium cathode (T-D cold fusion reactions)	High Energy Chem., Vol = 30					Effect of tritium on the generation of hard radiation in the electrolysis of D2O with a palladium cathode (T-D cold fusion reactions)	Pd, D2O, radiation, neutron, H2O, T2O. tritium
3935	Journal Article	Stukan, P. A., Rumyantsev, Yu. M., Shishkov, A. V.	1993	Generation of hard radiation and accumulation of tritium during electrolysis of heavy water	High Energy Chem., Vol = 27					Generation of hard radiation and accumulation of tritium during electrolysis of heavy water	electrolysis, tritium, radiation, heat-, neutron, D2O, H2O, Pd
3934	Journal Article	Stuhr, U., Striffler, T., Wipf, H., Natter, H., Wettman, B., Janssen, S., Hempelmann, R., Hahn, H.	1997	An investigation of hydrogen diffusion in nanocrystalline Pd by neutron spectroscopy	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 253-254					An investigation of hydrogen diffusion in nanocrystalline Pd by neutron spectroscopy	diffusion, H2, microcrystals, Pd
3933	Journal Article	Stroka, A., Baranowski, B., Filipek, S. M.	1993	Search for 3He and 4He in Pd-D2 system long term cumulation experiment in high pressure	Pol. J. Chem., Vol = 67					Search for 3He and 4He in Pd-D2 system long term cumulation experiment in high pressure	helium, Pd, D2
3932	Journal Article	Stritzker, B., Becker, J.	1975	Superconductivity in Metastable Pd-Alloys Produced by Ion Implantation at Low Temperatures	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 51					Superconductivity in Metastable Pd-Alloys Produced by Ion Implantation at Low Temperatures	PdH, PdD, PdC, PdB, superconductivity, ion Implanation
3931	Journal Article	Stringham, R.	2020	Deuteron Plasmas Driven to Neutrality and 4He	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 30					Deuteron Plasmas Driven to Neutrality and 4He	Cavitation resonance, Deuterons, Free electrons, MC clustered radio frequency, Target foils, Time frame	This paper discusses Radio Frequency (RF) applied to cavitating D2O, resulting in jet plasma implantation of charged separated electrons and a deuteron-compressed plasma pulse; these interactions involved hot charged particles at an effective temperature of 104 K in a sub-picosecond time frame A. Free electrons were focused on clustered deuterons that compressed the deuterons like a spherical piston, squeezing a Meso-Cluster (MC) of deuterons. The compressed clusters were different from the deuterium clusters used by A. Takahashi. A reaction pathway similar to muon fusion was observed. The RF applied at a deuteron resonance, produced charge neutrality in the plasma?? electromagnetic (EM) pathway where alpha production was observed. Each MC consisted of 2?100 deuterons. Here we will use 10 deuterons to describe the MC and its alpha production, within time frame A. The changing MC density, pressure, and temperature were critical to alpha production, within time frame A. The MC volume was about 10-39 m3 and compression force was continuously applied to the MC located at the target foil (TF) surface. The heat transport was fast, and MCs were confined by electromagnetic fields (EM) tangent to the MC interface and motion of the neutralizing electrons. It is conjectured in this paper that the neutralizing plasma in time frame A produced a shockwave (SW) using a single electron to form a D atom that fused two deuterons in the MC to create an alpha. Before the fusion reaction, the surface target foil atoms were cavitating for an active period of 100 ns duration with each RF cavitation resonance cycle (see the main text in Fig 4). . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzc.pdf#page=49
3930	Journal Article	Stringham, R.	2017	Helium Measurements From Target Foils, LANL and PNNL, 1994	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Helium Measurements From Target Foils, LANL and PNNL, 1994	Cavitation, Gamma, 4He, Lattice, Mass spectrum	The alphas formed in Ti and Pd target foils were measured as 4He in a mass spectrum, MS, analysis at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL, a lab that specializes in 3He and 4He measurements. The exposed bcc crystal lattice Ti target foil, TF, measured an average of 39 x 10^12 +/- 1.4 trapped 4He atoms. The fcc crystal lattices of Pd, Ag, Ni, and Cu target foils, particularly the two measured fcc Pd TF lattices produced ~ 0.35 x 10^12 trapped 4He atoms. This helium level was just above its background level, and 1/100 that of the bcc Ti TF. In the fcc palladium TF, SEM crater volume measurements show that most of the alphas are ejected into the circulating D2O, where they were measured in the gas phase. In 1994 the samples were run at LANL and measured at PNNL. The helium was measured by melting small TF pieces cut from the active center zone. Then each piece was placed in a crucible, and melted under vacuum, releasing all gases including background helium. These collected gases from one piece were pretreated; then were measured. The data was converted to total 4He atoms trapped in the active zone of the TF lattice. A total of 24 measurements for 3He and 4He on three TFs found no 3He but 4He in all 12 measurements. SEM photos of single ejecta sites were combined with calculations of old data that used knowledge gained from 23 years of cavitation experience that enhances the old data.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=296
3929	Journal Article	Stringham, R.	2015	Conservation of E and M, Single Cavitation Heat Events	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					55 Conservation of E and M, Single Cavitation Heat Events	Alpha, Cavitation, Jets, Photons	Experiments spread over a period of 24 years create a model for sonofusion. An explanation of results will influence new paths for its further development. Cavitation produced z-pinch target-foil implanting jets produce SEM photos of single event ejecta sites equal to the binding energy differences, Eb, for alpha production.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=62
3928	Journal Article	Stringham, R.	2014	Sonofusion: Ultrasound-Activated He Production in Circulating D2O	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 14					79-86 Sonofusion: Ultrasound-Activated He Production in Circulating D2O	Alpha, Bremsstrahlung, Gamma, Heatk, Sonoluminescence	Experiments over the last 25 years have demonstrated sonofusion: the formation of He by ultrasound incident on D2O. The observed effect is described. Neither the characteristic gamma nor the neutron typically seen in the formation from two deuterons of 4He and 3He, respectively, is observed. The experimental arrangement is specified. A proposed model, based on cavitation-produced z-pinch jets in target-foil implants, is outlined. It involves formation in the implants of a BE condensate that provides the source of the deuterons and whose recoil ensures energy-momentum conservation. The model accounts for all experimental results. It also provides a guide for future work on sonofusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedm.pdf#page=85
3927	Journal Article	Stringham, R.	2014	Sonofusion's Transient Condensate Clusters	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					505-514 Sonofusion's Transient Condensate Clusters		D2O cavitation produces Z-pinch jets implanting a target lattice. Measurements, data interpretations, and FE SEM photos explain products heat and 4He produced in target foils. The picosecond dynamics of a deuteron electron plasma charge separation and pressure pulse produce alpha particles and heat.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=515
3926	Journal Article	Stringham, R.	2012	Model for Electromagnetic pulsed BEC Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 8					Model for Electromagnetic pulsed BEC Experiments	BEC, Deuteron, Sonoluminescense, Superconductivity, z-pinch	Sonofusion experiments, which incorporate transient Bose Einstein condensates, BEC, have recently focused on related sonosuperconductivity. Cavitation jets implant high-density deuteron clusters into a target foil. Clusters are then squeezed by accelerated charges that form dense transient EM pulses. Cavitation and the associated sonoluminescence phenomena, used as a measuring tool, helps develop and explain related experimental results. Two outcomes, sonofusion and sono-superconductivity both produce D+clusters in reactors of different geometries. MHz reactor No. 1 is driven by a disk piezo and has produced excess heat, Qx, using the foil target and other products, including 4He. The newMHz reactor No. 2 is driven by a cylindrical piezo lowpower with a concentric wire target with transient cluster steady state concentration near the wire surface. The target?? steady state cluster coverage may satisfy a sono-superconductivity subsurface cluster connectivity during the MHz?? 100 ns collective sonoluminescence pulse. It was anticipated that ambient sono-superconductivity was possible but so far has proved difficult to measure. Cavitation D2O bubbles in both reactors were controlled by three main parameters for the two reactors: temperature, pressure of Ar gas over D2O, and acoustic watt input; Ti, Pi, andQa. The z-pinch jets??ontents of deuterons and electrons were implanted, with an induced picosecond transient charge separation. This charge separation produced an electromagnetic, EM, cluster compression pulse that formed a high-density BEC environment, as the EM pulse pressure overwhelmed repulsive deuteron cluster pressure for that picosecond. This model used unique attributes of the high-density transient deuterons to produce sonofusion in reactor No. 1 and sono-superconductivity in reactor No. 2 near ambient temperature. The measurements showed the presence of sonoluminescence pulses, implanted plasma, and heat pulse ejecta sites.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedg.pdf#page=81
3925	Journal Article	Stringham, R.	2012	When Bubble Cavitation becomes Sonofusion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6					When Bubble Cavitation becomes Sonofusion	BEC, Charged-plasma, Clusters, High-density, Sonofusion	Experimentally, excess heat, Qx, and 4He are the measured fusion products of transient high-density sonofusion, SF.A possible path to DD fusion is explained by piezo driven cavitation bubbles, where the critical parameters are temperature, pressure, acoustic input, and frequency that control, for a picosecond, the low-energy nuclear reactions that produce DD fusion events. The electromagnetic, EM, pulse compressed deuteron clusters squeezing them into a Bose Einstein Condensate. The BEC cluster environment provides for the direct conversion of fusion energy into heat and 4He. The continuous production of 1016 bubbles/sec produces radiation free usable heat as observed via ejecta site surveys.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensede.pdf#page=10
3924	Journal Article	Stringham, R.	2011	Model for Sonofusion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 4					Model for Sonofusion	Bubble, Calorimetry, Cavitation, Cluster, Ejecta, Fusion, Fusion products, Jet, Picosecond, Transient high-density plasma	Experimental cavitation sonofusion results needed a mechanism to explain the measured 4He and heat produced. A model is introduced based on high-density low-energy transient astrophysical behavior, creating an environment for fusion events by forming electron free clusters. The cluster's low temperature and high density are shown to be essential to the fusion environment.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedc.pdf#page=312
3923	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	2009	Sonofusion Produces Tritium That Decays to Helium Three	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Sonofusion Produces Tritium That Decays to Helium Three		Three main points are covered that are unique to Ti sonofusion target foils. These are surface modification to TiOx shown by photos and scanning electron microscope, SEM, photos, and the decay measurement of tritium, T, by mass spectrum analysis, MS, to 3He, the Ti target foils, and the unexplained production of 1 microm Ti hollow tubes shown in SEM photos.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=101
3922	Book Section	Stringham, R.	2009	Sonofusion, Deuterons to Helium Experiments	Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2		American Chemical Society	Washington DC		ACS Symposium Series Sonofusion, Deuterons to Helium Experiments			doi: 10.1021/bk-2009-1029.ch009 0-8412-2454-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1029.ch009
3921	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	2009	When Bubble Cavitation Becomes Sonofusion	237rd ACS National Meeting			Salt Lake City		When Bubble Cavitation Becomes Sonofusion	sonofusion	Experimentally, heat and 4He are the fusion products of sonofusion (SF). SF controls a naturally occurring phenomenon with cavitation-induced bubbles and their high energy density transferred to transient jets that implant deuteron clusters into a matrix or lattice. The SF path to clusters can be extrapolated from high-density experiments of inertial confined fusion, ICF, Bose Einstein Condensates, BEC, muon fusion, MF, and astrophysical phenomena, to explain our ejecta sites, Qx, 4He, and no measureable long-range radiation results. The fusion events emanate from deuteron clusters implanted into target foils. Clusters are squeezed and cooled via electromagnetic, EM, compression pressures and evaporative cooling of cluster surface deuterons producing the fusion environment. Evidence of these cluster fusion events is found in the millions of target foil ejecta sites in	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StringhamRwhenbubble.pdf
3920	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	2008	Bubble Driven Fusion	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Bubble Driven Fusion	Sonofusion
3919	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	2007	1.6 MHz Sonofusion Measurement and Model	American Physical Society Meeting			Denver, CO	March 5-9, 2007	1.6 MHz Sonofusion Measurement and Model		Years of data collected from First Gate's various sonofusion systems gain fundamental support from recent extrapolations of hot fusion research.? Consider the velocity, 3x104m/sec, of a high density low energy jet plasma of deuterons that originates from the collapse of the TCB, transient cavitation bubble, in D2O that implants a target foil [1 - Many ICCF & APS].? The foil generates heat via DD fusion events that produce 4He and T.? We compare our sonofusion to the jet plasma of Tokamak type plasma fusion systems with all their stability problems.? Since sonofusion is a compilation of billions single fusion events per second and not a continuous fusion system like Tokamak, Stellarator, and Jet fusion systems; a comparison gives sonofusion a decided advantage.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StringhamRmhzsonofus.pdf
3918	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	2006	Ejecta Sites and DD Fusion Events	APS March Meeting			Baltimore, MD	March 13-17, 2006	Ejecta Sites and DD Fusion Events	sonofusion	A cavitation-produced jet that implants a target foil at high impact velocities produces foil damage shown in color and SEM, scanning electron microscopy, photos. The work here dates from 1989 to 2001 and was produced in several different reactors, target foils, and frequencies. The result of high density pinched implantation of D+ and e-, deuterons and electrons; plasma is a D+ cluster. The implant occurs in a picosecond time frame with a creation of D+/Pd, in a 100/1 ratio of an initially electron free D+ cluster with a diameter in the order of a hundred nm. The mobile e- react with D+ and surround the D+ cluster with D. DD fusion events occurring in the transient high-density cluster produce a gamma free heat pulse. The heat pulse reaches the lattice surface in a nanosecond expelling the vapor/liquid foil and products as ejecta. The ejecta sites are easily seen in SEM photos and are counted and plotted as MeV DD fusion events. The results have been interpreted as DD fusion events that increase in energy as they decrease in frequency (counts) exponentially.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StringhamRejectasite.pdf
3917	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	2004	Low Mass 1.6 MHz Sonofusion Reactor	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Low Mass 1.6 MHz Sonofusion Reactor	sonofusion	We are using one of the most remarkable pulsing systems that nature offers for producing transient high energy densities and I have been fortunate enough to be involved with it for over 20 years.? Over time we have increased the frequency of our piezo cavitation drivers and are now at 1.6 MHz and find that our results are the same.? Even better, the Qx /(reactor gm), the energy density, is drastically increased when compared to our 40 and 20 KHz piezo systems [1,2,3]. The cost is decreased by at least an order of magnitude and the durability is greatly increased.? All Q values in this paper are dQ/dt Joules/sec. or watts.? The systems differ in several ways because of the 40 times increase in frequency.??? These 1.6 MHz systems produce more sonoluminescence, SL, and more but smaller bubbles and an energy density in the collapsing bubble system that is the same magnitude as the 40KHz systems [4,5].	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StringhamRlowmassmhz.pdf
3916	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	2003	Cavitation and Fusion - poster session	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Cavitation and Fusion - poster session	cavitation, ultrasonic, heat	Natural cavitation phenomena in D2O using piezo devices, is now amplified initiating DD fusion events that produce heat and helium. We have adapted it for our use. The transient cavitation bubble, TCB, has been harnessed to produce high densities of deuterons, 10^25 to 25/cc. An electrically driven piezo device filled with D2O produces acoustic field generating TCBs that are, in the final collapse stage, micro accelerators. The result is the implanting of deuterons into a target foil producing 4He originating from the Pd foil and T from the Ti foil. We are an emergent tangent technology to sonoluminescence, SL, technology, which we use to give us an environmental parameter probe into the bubble contents at the moment of its highest energy density. (Much of the SL studies center on the pulses of photons coupled to the irradiating acoustic field emanating from an oscillating single stable cavitation bubble, SSCB.) The generation of these photons relates to conditions for the target implantation process. Recently we have been studying the effects of frequency on multi TCB SL conditions that produce fusion. These experiments and the analytical methods have concentrated on the mass spectroscopy of reactor gases, calorimetry of the reactor and power supply, and the scanning electron microscope photographs of target foils. The results from many experiments are pieced together to reach a plausible path for the TCB that terminates with deuterons implanting into a target with the resulting fusion events. The use of SL for monitoring the bubble content's high energy densities allows for reactor parameter management for fusion events in the target foil. Studies of multi TCBs' SL at higher temperatures (300-450?), external pressures (10^6-10^7.5 dynes/cm2) and frequencies (.02- 1.7 MHz) are proceeding in a search for better fusion environments. The results of these experiments will be presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StringhamRcavitationb.pdf
3915	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	2003	Cavitation and Fusion	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Cavitation and Fusion	cavitation, ultrasonic, heat
3914	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	2002	Pinched cavitation jets and fusion events	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Pinched cavitation jets and fusion events 4040	sonofusion, Pd, D2O	The collapse of a transient cavitation bubble in deuteriumoxide produces a high density plasma jet containing 109 deuterons.? The inertial compression of a jet via an electron induced magnetic field pinch effect on its plasma contents produces high to even higher deuteron densities in the order of 1025 gm/cc before implanting into a foil target.? This model is parallel to the systems found in the hot plasmas of inertial systems.?? During the initial period of implantation of a few picoseconds, the high density deuterons in the target lattice experience reduced coulomb repulsion due to the high density charge screening.? In this environment it is possible that some DD fusion events occur as evidenced by photos of the metal target foils and by the evidence of helium four and tritium production. Making some basic assumptions the smallest diameter and highest population of vent sites in the target foils are produced by events in the order of 20 Mev.?? When experiments were monitored there was no long range radiation detected.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StringhamRpinchedcav.pdf
3913	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	2000	The Cavitation Micro Accelerator	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 299	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	The Cavitation Micro Accelerator	ultrasonic, cavitation, method, ICCF-8, accustic
3912	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R., Chandler, J., George, R., Passell, T. O., Raymond, R.	1998	Predictable and Reproducible Heat	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 361	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Predictable and Reproducible Heat	cavitation, ultrasonic, heat+, ICCF-7	The application of transient cavitation bubbles, TCBs, in conjunction with metal foils has proved to be a good scientific probe or tool for the predictable measurements of excess heat Q(x) and heat-after Q(a) [ 1 ] at steady state temperatures. The TCB jet produces a high density coherent flux of D+ that is injected into the foil lattice with a flux density of about 1 024 D+/cm2 in a few pi co seconds and at 40 KHz billions of TCBs are formed on the lattice each second [2,3,4,5,6,7]. The data is measured at 5 min. intervals over a period of 24 hours in a static device with some 43 sonication runs and an equal number of calibration runs. A Joule heater is included in the piezo driven reactor to calibrate all runs. It was found from earlier unpublished work [2] that a number of foils will produce both Q(x) and Q(a) in D2O. The Q(a) is different in a mixture of light and heavy water. Q(a) is divided into two distinct processes; Q(al) involving j ust deuterons and the larger Q(a2) involving both deuterons and protons. The knowledge gained from 43 experiments reported on in this paper were completed in the period of Feb. to Apr. of 1 998. The energy values for Q(x) and Q(a) outputs vary from 40 KJ to mega Joules with rates that vary from 1 to 1 5 watts depending on the conditions. The one parameter that is not predictable at this point is the duration of Q(a).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=361
3911	Journal Article	Stringham, R.	1998	First gate energies	1998 IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium					First gate energies	heat+, progress report, sonicfusion, ultrasonic
3910	Conference Proceedings	Stringham, R.	1998	Anomalous heat production by cavitation	1998 IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium			Sendai, Japan	Oct. 5-8, 1998	Anomalous heat production by cavitation	heat+, cavitation, ultrasonic, sonofusion
3909	Journal Article	Stringham, R., George, R.	1995	Cavitation induced micro-fusion solid state production of heat, 3He, and 4He	Chim. Ind. (Milan), Vol = 81					Cavitation induced micro-fusion solid state production of heat, 3He, and 4He	ultrasound, heat+, 4He, 3He, acoustic, bubble, cavitation
3908	Journal Article	Stremmenos, C.	1999	Fusione fredda. Un dibattito che prosegue' ('Cold fusion. A debate that continues')	Chim. Ind. (Milan), Vol = 81					Fusione fredda. Un dibattito che prosegue' ('Cold fusion. A debate that continues')	Polemic, critique
3907	Patent	Strackan, J. S.	1994	Thermoelectric Energy Conversion	COEF-12			US Patent #5,288,336		Tertiary Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Thermoelectric Energy Conversion	thermoelectric, Energy Conversion
3906	Conference Paper	Storms, E.	2020	Cold Fusion: From rejection as a fiasco to being a salvation of civilization.	COEF-12				August 14-15, 2020		History	The title of the talk is Cold Fusion: From rejection as a fiasco to being a salvation of civilization. The rejection is continuing but the salvation has yet to start. To understand the fiasco, a little history is required. Cold Fusion was discovered by Professors Martin Fleishmann and Stanley Pons working at the University of Utah and announced in 1989. This was a BIG DEAL. Their discovery was announced around the world. Everyone realized the importance. People predicted that the pollution being caused by oil extraction and transport could be eliminated. Nuclear accidents would no longer be a worry. We now know that if this clean energy had been developed 31 years ago, future global warming would have been reduced. As result, the rejection has had serious consequences to the future of civilization. I was working at LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) at the time. The laboratory was attempting to develop fission power for use in space, which is a very difficult problem. In fact, having sufficient power for extended space travel is still a problem. The power produced by cold fusion could be the ideal solution. As result, people at Los Alamos became very exited. Dozens of people stopped their normal work and attempted to replicate what Fleischmann and Pons claimed. I was able to make tritium and then excess energy using their method. Both studies were published in a peer reviewed scientific journal.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEcoldfusiong.pdf
3905	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2019	The Enthalpy of Formation of PdH as a Function of H/Pd Atom Ratio	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					The Enthalpy of Formation of PdH as a Function of H/Pd Atom Ratio	Bond energy, Enthalpy of formation, Palladium hydride, Reaction rate, Single crystal	A Seebeck calorimeter is used to measure the bond energy between H and the lattice in the Pd's system as a function of H/Pd atom ratio during electrolysis. The bond energy was found to become increasingly endothermic in excess of about PdH0.75. This energy is found to be sensitive to repeated gain and loss of hydrogen and to the bond disruption caused by reduction in thickness. The study used Pd having various purities and in one case a single crystal. In addition, a new method is described to measure the H/Pd atom ratio during electrolysis, which is used to show how rapidly H reacts with Pd.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=284
3904	Report	Storms, E.	2019	Relationship between the burnishing process used by Mizuno and the Storms theory of NAE formation	The 21st International Conference for Condensed Matter Nuclear Science ICCF-21		LENRexplained.com			Relationship between the burnishing process used by Mizuno and the Storms theory of NAE formation		Mizuno [1] has applied Pd to Ni mesh by burnishing and claimed to make excess energy by heating the material in D2 gas. This method is expected to produce the conditions predicted by Storms to cause LENR. The relationship between the burnishing method and the Storms theory of LENR is described as well as several testable predictions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsErelationsha.pdf
3903	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2018	The enthalpy of formation of PdH as a function of H/Pd atom ratio and treatment (PowerPoint slides)	The 21st International Conference for Condensed Matter Nuclear Science ICCF-21			Fort Collins, CO		The enthalpy of formation of PdH as a function of H/Pd atom ratio and treatment (PowerPoint slides)	loading, excess heat	Production of the LENR effect involves achieving a large concentration of D in the PdD lattice structure. A great deal of effort has been applied to understanding how this can be accomplished and the nature of the resulting structure. The bulk properties play a role in this process but are sensitive to the impurity content and treatment. The influence of the bulk properties on this process has not been fully explored. This paper describes a new method to directly measure the bond energy between the PdH structure and the contained H atoms in real time as a function of H/Pd ratio from zero to the maximum H content using the electrolytic method and H2SO4+H2O to react Pd with H. A unique and very accurate calorimeter (+/-5 mW) is used to measure power during the loading reaction. This method is applied to several types of Pd including commercial Pd sheet, extra pure Pd, and a zone refine single-crystal of Pd after each is subjected to several treatments. These treatments include repeated loading-deloading cycles, annealing at 900?, and reduction in thickness. The bond energy is found to be sensitive to purity, treatment, and H/Pd ratio, with good agreement with published measurements being achieved after certain treatments. In addition, three methods to measure the average H/Pd ratio are described and compared. These methods use weight gain, orphaned oxygen, and recombiner temperature. A great deal of information about the reaction process can be obtained by combining these three methods because they are sensitive to different possible errors and behaviours.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEtheenthalp.pdf
3902	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2017	A New Source of Energy using Low-Energy Fusion of Hydrogen	Environ Sci Ind J, Vol = 13, Num = 2					A New Source of Energy using Low-Energy Fusion of Hydrogen	cold fusion, ideal energy, clean energy, fusion energy	Chemical energy alone has powered civilization until relatively recently when nuclear fission power based on uranium became available. Efforts are now underway to go the next step on this path to nuclear sources by harnessing fusion power using hydrogen. So far, this so-called hot fusion process has not been successful in producing practical power. The complexity and size of the generator is expected to make this source impractical even after the many engineering problems are solved. Perhaps a different approach is needed. As answer to this need, a new method called cold fusion was recently discovered to cause fusion. Even though this might prove to be a better way to extract fusion energy, the claim has been difficult for some scientists to accept because it conflicts with what is known about nuclear interaction. This paper describes the cold fusion claim and gives reasons why the method should be accepted and applied.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEanewsource.pdf
3901	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2016	How Basic Behavior of LENR can Guide A Search for an Explanation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 20					100 How Basic Behavior of LENR can Guide A Search for an Explanation	Cold fusion, Cracks, Energy production, Hydrogen fusion, LENR, PdD, Theory	The LENR effect was identified 27 years ago by Profs. Fleischmann and Pons as production of extra energy in a normal chemical structure, in this case PdD. Over a thousand published papers now support the discovery and the energy is shown to result from fusion of hydrogen isotopes without the need to apply energy and without energetic radiation being produced. By conventional standards, the claims are impossible. Nevertheless, a new phenomenon has been discovered requiring acceptance and understanding. The major behaviors and their present understanding are described in this paper and are used to suggest how an effective explanation might be constructed. Once again, science has been forced to either reject the obvious or accept the impossible. In this case, the normal skepticism needs to be ignored in order to determine if this promised energy source is real and can provide the ideal energy so critically needed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondenseds.pdf#page=105
3900	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2016	Anomalous Energy Produced by PdD	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 20					81 Anomalous Energy Produced by PdD	Cold fusion, Enthalpy of reaction, Excess energy, PdD, Volume expansion	Two samples of commercial Pd from the same batch were reacted with D using the electrolytic method and found to produce sustained excess power and energy. The effects of temperature, applied current, and D/Pd ratio on the amount of excess power were studied.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondenseds.pdf#page=86
3899	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2015	Introduction to the main experimental findings of the LENR field	Current Science., Vol = 108, Num = 4		Current Science Association		25 February 2015	Introduction to the main experimental findings of the LENR field	experimental, LENR	Twenty-five years ago in March 1989, Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons announced their success in initiating fusion between deuterons in palladium used as the cathode in an electrolytic cell. Since then, a battle has waged between skeptics who reject the claim and people who observe behaviour that is consistent with the claim. This article briefly summarizes the major experimental observations. A companion article in this special section provides insight into how the observations might be explained.	https://www.jstor.org/stable/24216601?seq=1
3898	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2015	How the explanation of LENR can be made consistent with observed behaviour and natural laws	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					531 How the explanation of LENR can be made consistent with observed behaviour and natural laws	Cold fusion, hydroton, LENR, theory to science and commercial applications.		http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/108/04/0531.pdf
3897	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2015	In the Spirit of John Bockris	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 16					8 In the Spirit of John Bockris	Electrochemistry, John Bockris, Palladium, Transmutation, Tritium	The life of Prof. John Bockris provides a reminder of how good science should be undertaken and the harm a scientist and all of science suffer when these expectations are ignored.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedo.pdf#page=13
3896	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2015	Explaining Cold Fusion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					Explaining Cold Fusion	Theory	Five assumptions are used to create a new explanation of low energy nuclear reactions (cold fusion) based on formation of a novel active environment within a variety of materials. The method to form this environment and the nuclear consequences are described. The fusion process is proposed to occur when a form of metallic hydrogen is created in nano-cracks. Methods to test the model are provided. Engineering variables are identified and used to show how the process can be controlled and amplified. These assumptions can also be used to evaluate other proposed explanations.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEexplaining.pdf
3895	Report	Storms, E.	2015	A Student's Guide to Cold Fusion (Russian version)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 11		LENR-CANR.org			A Student's Guide to Cold Fusion (Russian version)	Review	Translation of 'Student's Guide to Cold Fusion.' Evidence supporting cold fusion (LENR) is summarized and requirements an explanation must take into account are justified. A plausible nuclear-active-environment is identified by ruling out various possibilities and by identifying an environment that is common to all methods used to produce LENR. When this environment is combined with a plausible mechanism, many testable predictions result. These insights and proposals are offered to help clarify understanding of LENR and to suggest future studies.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEastudentsga.pdf
3894	Journal Article	Storms, E., Scanlan, B.	2013	Nature of Energetic Radiation Emitted from a Metal Exposed to H2	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 11					Nature of Energetic Radiation Emitted from a Metal Exposed to H2	Cold fusion, Cracks, Fusion, LENR, Radiation	Layers of metals were applied so as to cause local stress, which is proposed to create voids in which nuclear reactions can be initiated when the material is exposed to H2. Photon emission having energy sufficient to pass through 3.86 g/cm2 of absorbing material was detected using a Geiger-Mueller detector. This radiation was observed to last many hours and is not typical of what is called fracto-fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedj.pdf#page=147
3893	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2013	The Role of Voids as the Location of LENR	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 11					The Role of Voids as the Location of LENR	Cold fusion, Crack structure, Energy	A proposed model explaining the low-energy nuclear reaction (LENR) process is described. The process occurs in voids of a critical size and involves a string of resonating hydrons, each of which is separated by an electron. This unique structure, called a ?ydroton?, is proposed to make LENR possible and provides a process that can explain all reported observations and predict several new behaviors while using only three basic assumptions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedj.pdf#page=128
3892	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2013	Response to Reviewer Comments	Infinite Energy					40 Response to Reviewer Comments	Critique	I want to thank the reviewers (IE #108) for taking the time to make interesting and sometimes useful comments on my paper, ?old Fusion from a Chemist's Point of View.? This is the first and hopefully not the last time a proposed explanation of LENR has been reviewed publicly in such detail. The process is effective in revealing not only flaws but also how the ideas can be better explained to avoid misunderstanding. I will comment on each review in the order they appeared in IE #108.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEresponseto.pdf
3891	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2013	Cold fusion from a chemist's point of view	Infinite Energy					13 Cold fusion from a chemist's point of view theory	theory	Very small cracks are proposed as the location of the LENR process in a material. A resonance process is proposed to occur in these structures, resulting in fusion, while energy is emitted as coherent photons having a characteristic energy. The nuclear product depends on which isotope of hydrogen is present. Reasons are given why a crack structure is required to explain LENR.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEcoldfusionf.pdf
3890	Journal Article	Storms, E., Scanlan, B.	2012	Nature of energetic radiation emitted from a metal exposed to H2	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 11, Num = submitted					Nature of energetic radiation emitted from a metal exposed to H2	radiation	Layers of metals were applied so as to cause local stress, which is proposed to create voids in which nuclear reactions can be initiated when the material is exposed to H2. Photon emission having energy sufficient to pass through 3.86 g/cm^2 of absorbing material was detected using a Geiger-Mueller detector. This radiation was observed to last many hours and is not typical of what is called fractofusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEnatureofen.pdf
3889	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2012	An Explanation of Low-energy Nuclear Reactions (Cold Fusion) (translation into Chinese)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 9					An Explanation of Low-energy Nuclear Reactions (Cold Fusion) (translation into Chinese)		A version of this paper, translated into Chinese: http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEanexplanat.pdf English Abstract begins: A plausible nuclear-active-environment in which LENR occurs is identified by ruling out various possibilities and by identifying an environment that is common to all successful methods. When this environment is combined with a plausible mechanism, many testable predictions result.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEanexplanata.pdf
3888	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2012	An explanation of low energy nuclear reactions (cold fusion)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 9					An explanation of low energy nuclear reactions (cold fusion)	Theory	A plausible nuclear-active-environment in which LENR occurs is identified by ruling out various possibilities and by identifying an environment that is common to all successful methods. When this environment is combined with a plausible mechanism, many testable predictions result. These insights and proposals are offered to help clarify understanding of LENR and to suggest future studies. The common environment in which LENR occurs is proposed to be cracks of a critical size, followed by a resonance process that dissipates energy by X-ray emission based on a laser-like process.? The LENR behavior has the potential to test the Standard Model of nuclear interaction.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEanexplanat.pdf
3887	Journal Article	Storms, E., Scanlan, B.	2012	What Is Cold Fusion and Why Should You Care?	Proc. NPA					What Is Cold Fusion and Why Should You Care?	review
3886	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2012	An Approach to Explaining Cold Fusion	International Low Energy Nuclear Reactions Symposium, ILENRS-12			The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185		An Approach to Explaining Cold Fusion	Theory	Cold fusion or Low Energy Nuclear Reaction (LENR) is a process that results in various nuclear reactions involving all isotopes of hydrogen within what appear to be ordinary materials at ordinary temperatures. In general terms, the reactions can be described as fusion when two hydrogen isotopes combine to form a single product nuclei or as transmutation when one or more hydrogen isotope nuclei enter a larger nuclei. As expected, these reactions generate energy but very little radiation is detected, which is unexpected and has been a cause for rejection.? Sufficient evidence is now available to justify believing this is a real phenomenon and not the result of error. The challenge is to explain how such an unusual process operates. The approached used in this paper is based on six assumptions and their logical relationship to many observations. Although many details are not quantified, the general characteristics of the LENR process are described. This analysis places severe limits on any proposed explanation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEanapproach.pdf
3885	Journal Article	Storms, E., Scanlan, B.	2011	What is Real about Cold Fusion and What Explanations are Plausible?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 4					What is Real about Cold Fusion and What Explanations are Plausible?	Cluster, Cold fusion, Fusion, Nuclear reaction	Experimental observations are now available to test rational theories and models about the cold fusion effect. Some of these informations are summarized and used to draw logical inferences about the requirements a plausible theory must satisfy. A model based on the role of super-clusters is proposed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedc.pdf#page=25
3884	Report	Storms, E.	2011	What is now known about cold fusion? (Addendum to Student's Guide)	16th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			What is now known about cold fusion? (Addendum to Student's Guide)	review	This is an addendum to the 'Student's Guide to Cold Fusion.' It clarifies several issues. Because this is a stand-alone summary, some of the basic information given in more detail in the Guide is briefly repeated here.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEwhatisnowk.pdf
3883	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2011	Examination of errors that occur when using a gas-filled calorimeter	16th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org	Chennai, India		Examination of errors that occur when using a gas-filled calorimeter	Calorimeter, method	Measurement of a reaction between D2 gas and a material using a calorimeter that is calibrated using H2 will show erroneous excess power production at temperatures above ambient if all energy present in the calorimeter is not totally measured, a requirement very difficult to accomplish. This insidious error is explored using a stable Seebeck calorimeter.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEexaminatio.pdf
3882	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2010	Status of cold fusion (2010)	Naturwiss., Vol = 97, Num = 10, Page = 861-881					Status of cold fusion (2010)	cold fusion, CMNS, LENR, heat production, transmutation, review	The phenomenon called cold fusion has been studied for the last 21 years since its discovery by Profs. Fleischmann and Pons in 1989. The discovery was met with considerable skepticism, but supporting evidence has accumulated, plausible theories have been suggested, and research is continuing in at least eight countries. This paper provides a brief overview of the major discoveries and some of the attempts at an explanation. The evidence supports the claim that a nuclear reaction between deuterons to produce helium can occur in special materials without application of high energy. This reaction is found to produce clean energy at potentially useful levels without the harmful byproducts normally associated with a nuclear process. Various requirements of a model are examined.	0028-1042 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEstatusofcoa.pdf
3881	Journal Article	Storms, E., Grimshaw, T.	2010	Judging the Validity of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 3					Judging the Validity of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect	CMNS, Cold fusion, Critique, Nuclear energy, Review	The Fleischmann-Pons Effect (FPE, aka cold fusion) was rejected as legitimate science within a year after its announcement in 1989. The growing need for a source of clean energy makes a re-examination of the initial rejection increasingly important. An effective way of assessing the status of the effect as legitimate science is to apply criteria that have been established by scientific skeptics. When 27 criteria set forth by Langmuir, Sagan and Shermer are applied, the requirements for scientific legitimacy appear to be met. In addition, a large and growing number of independent experiments are consistent with a nuclear mechanism being the cause of FPE.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedb.pdf#page=15
3880	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E., Scanlan, B.	2009	Role of cluster formation in the LENR process	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Role of cluster formation in the LENR process		Presence and absence of expected radiation, occurrence of nuclear reactions having only one apparent product, and transmutation reactions involving addition of more than one deuteron all indicate involvement of large clusters of deuterons in the LENR process.? These clusters are proposed to hide their Coulomb barrier and to react with isolated deuterons to produce fusion and to react with larger nuclei to produce transmutation. Members of the cluster not directly involved in the nuclear reaction might be scattered by the released energy, thereby allowing momentum to be conserved and the resulting energy to produce particles having energy too small to be easily detected or to cause easily detectable secondary reactions.? Justification of this model is discussed. This proposed model is consistent with most observations, but raises additional questions about the nature of such super-clusters and other ways the energy may be communicated directly to the lattice that will be addressed in future papers.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEroleofclus.pdf
3879	Report	Storms, E.	2009	What is believed about cold fusion?	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			What is believed about cold fusion?	review	In 1989, Fleischmann and Pons[1-5] claimed to initiate a fusion reaction between deuterons in palladium that resulted in an unusual amount of heat. This claim was rejected because insufficient supporting experimental information was provided, the claim was very difficult to replicate, and no plausible explanation could be proposed. During the 20 years since then, studies in at least 8 countries has provided a rich collection of information, improved reproducibility, and encouraged many explanations. This work has been reviewed by Storms[6] in 2007 based on over 1000 citations and will not be repeated here. This paper provides a brief and focused summary of what is believed to be true about the effect at the present time.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEwhatisbeli.pdf
3878	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E., Scanlan, B.	2008	Detection of Radiation Emitted from LENR	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Detection of Radiation Emitted from LENR	particle emission	A study was made to detect X-radiation and energetic particle emission from nuclear reactions that may be initiated during low-voltage gas discharge in deuterium. Evidence is presented for X-radiation having an energy nearly equal to the voltage applied to the discharge and energetic particle emission similar to deuterons having energy with peaks between 0.5 and 3 MeV. A study of radiation emitted from materials exposed to deuterium gas is underway.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEdetectiono.pdf
3877	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E., Scanlan, B.	2008	Radiation produced by glow discharge in a deuterium containing gas (Part 2)	American Physical Society Meeting			New Orleans		Radiation produced by glow discharge in a deuterium containing gas (Part 2)	glow discharge	This is the second paper in a series describing the radiation produced by the cathode during glow discharge in low-pressure gas using DC voltages between 400 V and 800 V. Evidence for energetic electrons, low-energy X-rays, and occasional proton (deuteron) emission has been obtained. The energy, intensity, and type of the radiation are sensitive to gas composition and the material used as the cathode.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEradiationpa.pdf
3876	Book Section	Storms, E.	2008	How to Explain Cold Fusion?	Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook		American Chemical Society	Washington, DC		ACS Symposium Series How to Explain Cold Fusion?			doi: 10.1021/bk-2008-0998.ch005 0-8412-6966-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2008-0998.ch005
3875	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2008	The Method and Results Using Seebeck Calorimetry	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		The Method and Results Using Seebeck Calorimetry	particle emission	The characteristics of and errors associated with Seebeck calorimeters, as applied to the Fleischmann-Pons Effect, are described. This type of calorimeter as well as a flow type calorimeter were used to measured apparent excess energy from the same sample of platinum plated with palladium and other materials.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEthemethoda.pdf
3874	Report	Storms, E.	2008	How to Cause Nuclear Reactions at Low Energy and Why Should You Care (PowerPoint slides from video)	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals		Kiva Labs			Labs, Kiva How to Cause Nuclear Reactions at Low Energy and Why Should You Care (PowerPoint slides from video)		PowerPoint slides displayed during a video lecture on Google video: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-9026092151512597723	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEhowtocausea.pdf
3873	Film or Broadcast	Storms, E.	2008	How to Cause Nuclear Reactions at Low Energy and Why Should You Care	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals		YouTube.com			Labs, Kiva How to Cause Nuclear Reactions at Low Energy and Why Should You Care			http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-9026092151512597723
3872	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E., Scanlan, B.	2007	Radiation Produced By Glow Discharge In Deuterium	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals			Sicily, Italy		Radiation Produced By Glow Discharge In Deuterium	glow discharge	Radiation produced by low-voltage discharge in a gas containing deuterium was measured using a Geiger counter located within the apparatus. This radiation was found to consist of energetic particles that were produced only when the voltage was above a critical value. In addition, the emission was very sensitive to the presence of oxygen in the gas. In the presence of the required conditions, emission occurred reliably with reaction rates in excess of 108 events/second.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEradiationp.pdf
3871	Book	Storms, E.	2007	The Science Of Low Energy Nuclear Reaction	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 441		World Scientific Publishing Company			The Science Of Low Energy Nuclear Reaction	Review	Selected pages from the book, including the Preface and Table of Contents.	9789812706201 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEthescience.pdf
3870	Report	Storms, E.	2007	Anomalous Heat Produced by Electrolysis of Palladium using a Heavy-Water Electrolyte	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 441		LENR-CANR.org			Anomalous Heat Produced by Electrolysis of Palladium using a Heavy-Water Electrolyte	Excess heat	Significant heat was generated for about 740 min when a sample of palladium foil was electrolyzed as the cathode in D2O+LiOD. A very stable Seebeck calorimeter is described and used to make the measurements. The source of this anomalous energy is unknown. However, the observed energy and production of unexpected elements based on EDX examination are similar to the behaviors claimed by many people who study what is called low energy nuclear reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEanomalousha.pdf
3869	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2006	Comment on papers by K. Shanahan that propose to explain anomalous heat generated by cold fusion	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 441					Comment on papers by K. Shanahan that propose to explain anomalous heat generated by cold fusion	Excess heat	Dr. Shanahan has published two papers (Thermochim. Acta 428 (2005) 207, Thermochim. Acta 382 (2002) 95) in which he argues that excess heat claimed to be produced by cold fusion is actually caused by errors in heat measurement. In particular, he proposes that unrecognized changes in the calibration constant are produced by changes in the locations where heat is being generated within the electrolytic cell over the duration of the measurement. Because these papers may lend unwarranted support to rejection of cold fusion claims, these erroneous arguments used by Shanahan need to be answered.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEcommentonp.pdf
3868	Report	Storms, E.	2006	Fusao a Frio para Principiantes	American Physical Society Meeting		LENR-CANR.org			Fusao a Frio para Principiantes	Review	'Cold Fusion for Dummies,' translated into Brazilian Portuguese by Sergio Bacchi. O campo e o nome 'Fus? a Frio' apareceu em 1989, quando os qu?icos Stanley Pons da Universidade de Utah e Martin Fleischmann da Universidade de Southampton, reportaram a produ?o de excesso de aquecimento numa c?ula eletrol?ica e conclu?am que s? poderia ser produzido por um processo nuclear. Este an??cio foi baseado numa extraordin?ia quantidade de energia que apareceu. Atrav? dos anos an??cios adicionais de rea?es nucleares inesperadas surgiram baseadas na produ?o de energia e produtos nucleares. Estes resultados foram e continuam sendo replicados por alguns laborat?ios, mas n? por outros. Conseq?ntemente, a realidade dos an??cios ? freq?ntemente rejeitada e fica como objeto de controv?sia. Algumas pessoas chegam mesmo ao extremo de achar que isto ? o exemplo de uma pseudo-ci?cia. Pode-se encontrar uma hist?ia detalhada da controv?sia em dois livros recentes sobre o assunto.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEfusoafriop.pdf
3867	Report	Storms, E.	2006	Cold Fusion for Dummies	American Physical Society Meeting		LENR-CANR.org			Cold Fusion for Dummies	Review	The field and the name 'Cold Fusion' started in 1989 when chemists Stanley Pons of the University of Utah and Martin Fleischmann of the University of Southampton reported the production of excess heat in an electrolytic cell that they concluded could only be produced by a nuclear process. Three basic questions about cold fusion need answers: Why are some people so hostile to the claims; why should a person believe the claims are real; and why should anyone care if the claims are real or not?	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEcoldfusione.pdf
3866	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2005	Why you should believe cold fusion is real (PowerPoint slides)	American Physical Society Meeting			Los Angeles		Why you should believe cold fusion is real (PowerPoint slides)	review
3865	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2005	Description Of A Sensitive Seebeck Calorimeter Used For Cold Fusion Studies	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Description Of A Sensitive Seebeck Calorimeter Used For Cold Fusion Studies	calorimeter, method	A sensitive and stable Seebeck calorimeter is described and used to determine the heat of formation of PdD.? This determination can be used to show that such calorimeters are sufficiently accurate to measure the LENR effect and give support to the claims.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEdescriptioa.pdf
3864	Report	Storms, E.	2005	A Response to the Review of Cold Fusion by the DoE	21st Century Sci. & Technol.		Lattice Energy, LLC.			A Response to the Review of Cold Fusion by the DoE	Review	Various critiques provided by reviewers assembled by the DOE to evaluate cold fusion are addressed. Important issues are clarified and some misunderstandings are corrected.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEaresponset.pdf
3863	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2005	The US Government Once Again Evaluates Cold Fusion	21st Century Sci. & Technol.					The US Government Once Again Evaluates Cold Fusion	Review	The US government has once again made an effort to evaluate the reality of the phenomenon call cold fusion.? The first effort was made in 1989 by the ERAB Panel (Energy Research Advisory Board) shortly after Profs. Fleischmann and Pons announced their discovery. The result was a mixed message in which no support for the claims was provided. Nevertheless, an implication was made to evaluate proposals by the normal peer review process. None were funded by the DOE (Department of Energy). Now a new evaluation has been undertaken by a panel of reviewers assembled by the DOE, mainly from the physics profession.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEtheusgover.pdf
3862	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2004	An Update of LENR for ICCF-11	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		An Update of LENR for ICCF-11	Review
3861	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2004	Why I believe 'Cold Fusion' is Real	LENR-CANR.org					Why I believe 'Cold Fusion' is Real	critique	The process called Cold Fusion is said to produce clean energy from fusion of deuterium nuclei using very simple devices, at least compared to the 'hot' fusion method.? Many scientists have been outspoken in rejecting this claim based on their belief that the observations have not been replicated, are impossible, and cannot be explained.? The intent of this article is to provide a brief and easily understood description of why I believe this rejection is wrong. This brief paper emphasizes the Fleischmann-Pons effect and studies done in the U.S., because it was written for and submitted to the DoE Panel that is re-evaluating the claims for cold fusion. It was submitted to the Panel on August 23, 2004.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEwhyibeliev.pdf
3860	Report	Storms, E.	2004	Calorimetry 101 for Cold Fusion; Methods, Problems and Errors	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org			Calorimetry 101 for Cold Fusion; Methods, Problems and Errors	calorimeter, method	Application of calorimetry to cold fusion or LENR presents unique problems that have not been previously summarized.? This paper discusses various calorimetric methods that have been applied to the subject and evaluates each in light of what has been discovered about their limitations and errors based on experimental studies. Such information is essential to a study of the effect and to evaluate the results.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEcalorimetr.pdf
3859	Report	Storms, E.	2003	Estudio de la Fusion en Frio	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org			Estudio de la Fusion en Frio	Review	The Student's Guide to Cold Fusion translated into Spanish. Mi inter? en la fusi? en fr? comenz? poco despu? que los Profesores Pons y Fleischmann anunciaran su descubrimiento en 1989. Entonces, yo era un cient?ico m? trabajando en la investigaci? convencional acostumbrada en el LANL (Laboratorio Nacional Los ?amos). Entre los numerosos intentos por duplicar lo ya anunciado, he sido afortunado en producir triterio, as? como energ? an?ala. No hay nada como trabajar un fen?eno para hacer creer a una persona que es real, sin tener en cuenta lo que otras personas menos observadoras pudieran decir. Tambi? vemos actuar livianamente a muchos colegas cient?icos que adquirieron una educaci? adicional pero decepcionante. Desde mi jubilaci? en el LANL, hace 12 a?s, continu? investigando el tema y escrib? documentos, incluyendo varias revisiones cient?icas, presionando por la aceptaci? del fen?eno. La gran colecci? de referencias adquiridas en este esfuerzo, que totalizan casi 3.000, se transform? en la BIBLIOTECA disponible en http://www.LENR-CANR.org. Con la ayuda esencial de Britz Dieter y Rothwell Jed, esta colecci? ser? mantenida hasta la fecha en que crezca el campo.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEestudiodel.pdf
3858	Report	Storms, E.	2003	Estudo da Fusao a Frio	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org			Estudo da Fusao a Frio	Review	The Student's Guide to Cold Fusion translated into Brazilian Portuguese. Pref?io Meu interesse em fus? a frio come?u pouco depois dos Professores Pons e Fleischmann anunciarem sua descoberta em 1989, ent? eu era mais um cientista trabalhando em pesquisa convencional costumeiro em LANL (Los Alamos Laborat?io Nacional). Das numerosas tentativas de duplicar os an??cios, eu fui afortunado em produzir trit?io assim como energia an?ala. N? h? nada como ver um fen?eno para fazer uma pessoa acreditar que ? real, sem ter em conta o que pessoas menos observadoras possam dizer. Tamb?, vendo muitos companheiros cientistas agindo tolamente e adquirindo uma educa?o adicional mas decepcionante. Desde que me aposentei de LANL h? doze anos continuei a investigar o assunto, escrever documentos, incluindo v?ias revis?s cient?icas, e pressionar para aceita?o do fen?eno. A grande cole?o de refer?cias, totalizando quase 3000, adquiridos neste esfor? transformou-se na BIBLIOTECA em http://www.LENR-CANR.org. Com a ajuda essencial de Britz Dieter e Rothwell Jed, esta cole?o ser? mantida at? data em que o campo cresce.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEestudodafu.pdf
3857	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2003	What Conditions Are Required To Initiate The Lenr Effect?	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	What Conditions Are Required To Initiate The Lenr Effect?	Review	Accumulating evidence indicates that previous understanding of the environment in which the Pons-Fleischmann??? effect occurs is wrong.? The environment is not highly loaded beta-PdD.? Instead, it is a complex alloy that may or may not contain palladium.? In addition, the size of the domains in which the nuclear reactions take place is critically important.? This new insight requires different explanations and experimental approaches than have been previously used.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEwhatcondit.pdf
3856	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2003	Use Of A Very Sensitive Seebeck Calorimeter To Study The Pons-Fleischmann And Letts Effects	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Use Of A Very Sensitive Seebeck Calorimeter To Study The Pons-Fleischmann And Letts Effects	Excess heat, calorimeter, laser stimulation	Characteristics of a commercial Seebeck calorimeter are described. This very stable instrument is applied to a study of the Pons-Fleischmann effect using a palladium anode and a platinum cathode.? The use of a laser to stimulate anomalous heat production (the Letts effect) is also described.? Positive results were obtained for both effects and these reveal important aspects of the nuclear-active-environment.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEuseofavery.pdf
3855	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2003	How to Make A Cheap and Effective Seebeck Calorimeter	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	How to Make A Cheap and Effective Seebeck Calorimeter		The Seebeck calorimeter is very effective in measuring heat generation over a wide range of power and with high sensitivity and stability.? Such a device can be constructed cheaply and easily, although with considerable investment of time.? A successful example is described.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEhowtomakea.pdf
3854	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2003	Why Cold Fusion Has Been So Hard to Explain and Duplicate	American Physical Society Winter Meeting		unpublished	Austin Convention Center, Austin, TX		Why Cold Fusion Has Been So Hard to Explain and Duplicate	heat, thin film, NAE, surface composition, theory	The nuclear active environment for the Pons-Fleischmann method is proposed to be in the complex surface layer that forms by electrodeposition, not in the bulk material.? This surface is not beta-PdD as many theories and explanation have assumed.? Therefore, most theories are unhelpful because they do not explain what happens in the real world.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEwhycoldfus.pdf
3853	Report	Storms, E.	2003	A Student's Guide to Cold Fusion	Infinite Energy, Vol = 8, Num = 45, Page = 32		LENR-CANR.org			A Student's Guide to Cold Fusion	Review	Evidence supporting cold fusion (LENR) is summarized and requirements an explanation must take into account are justified. A plausible nuclear-active-environment is identified by ruling out various possibilities and by identifying an environment that is common to all methods used to produce LENR. When this environment is combined with a plausible mechanism, many testable predictions result. These insights and proposals are offered to help clarify understanding of LENR and to suggest future studies.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEastudentsg.pdf
3852	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2002	The Nature of the Nuclear-Active-Environment Required for Low Energy Nuclear Reactions	Infinite Energy, Vol = 8, Num = 45, Page = 32					The Nature of the Nuclear-Active-Environment Required for Low Energy Nuclear Reactions	review	A collection of observations is used to characterize the nuclear-active environment required to initiate low energy nuclear reactions (LENR).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEthenatureoa.pdf
3851	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2002	Ways to Initiate a Nuclear Reaction in Solid Environments	Infinite Energy, Vol = 8, Num = 45, Page = 45					Ways to Initiate a Nuclear Reaction in Solid Environments	heat+, Pd, CeO2, C, Pt, electrolysis, D2O
3850	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2001	Ways to Initiate a Nuclear Reaction in Solid Environments	American Physical Society Meeting			Seattle, WA		Ways to Initiate a Nuclear Reaction in Solid Environments	heat+, Pd, CeO2, C, Pt, electrolysis, D2O?	A large data base now exists to support the claim for nuclear reactions, including fusion, being initiated in solid environments at modest temperatures. This phenomenon is called Chemically Assisted Nuclear Reactions (CANR) or Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) or 'cold fusion'. Detailed information supporting the claims can be obtained from the website (http://home.netcom.com/~storms2/index.html) as well as from any scientific data base. These claims provide the incentive for this study. In this work, methods to produce anomalous energy are studied using electrolytic loading in D2O of various materials (the Pons-Fleischmann method). Past work has concentrated on using palladium as the active material. This paper will demonstrate that energy-producing reactions can be made to occur in materials other than palladium. A unique method is proposed to explore many of the variables associated with the phenomenon.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEwaystoinit.pdf
3849	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2001	Cold Fusion: An Objective Assessment	Infinite Energy, Vol = 6, Num = 34, Page = 22					2001 Cold Fusion: An Objective Assessment	review effect of H2O	Many people still believe that cold fusion is the result of bad science. In contrast, numerous laboratories in at least 10 countries have now claimed production of anomalous energy using a variety of methods, many of which are now reproducible. This energy is proposed to result from nuclear reactions initiated within a special periodic array of atoms at modest temperatures (energy). Evidence for nuclear reactions involving fusion of deuterium, transmutation involving both light and heavy hydrogen, and nuclear interaction between heavy nuclei has been published. The claims, if true, reveal a new method to release nuclear energy without harmful radiation and without the radioactivity associated with conventional methods. This paper examines published evidence describing this new phenomenon in order to test its reality and to extend an understanding of the process.	http://home.netcom.com/~storms2/index.html http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEcoldfusiond.pdf
3848	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2000	Description of a dual calorimeter	Infinite Energy, Vol = 6, Num = 34, Page = 22					Description of a dual calorimeter	heat, method	A dual calorimeter is described which can be used to study electrolytic processes. Experience with this instrument has revealed several deficiencies inherent in the isoperibolic calorimeter design that apply to all calorimeters of this type when used to study the cold fusion effect.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEdescriptio.pdf
3847	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2000	A critical evaluation of the Pons-Fleischmann effect: Part 2	Infinite Energy, Vol = 6, Num = 32, Page = 52					A critical evaluation of the Pons-Fleischmann effect: Part 2	review
3846	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2000	A critical evaluation of the Pons-Fleischmann effect: Part 1	Infinite Energy, Vol = 6, Num = 31, Page = 10					A critical evaluation of the Pons-Fleischmann effect: Part 1	review	NOTE: This file contains both Parts 1 and 2. Abstract: Many new studies are available to make an objective evaluation of the Pons-Fleischmann effect possible. The phenomenon is conventionally known as 'cold fusion,' or chemically assisted nuclear reactions (CANR)' when the environment is emphasized, or 'low-energy nuclear-reactions (LENR)' if emphasis is placed on the process. A wide range of observations involving anomalous production of energy as well as nuclear products have been published. While many of the claims are still open to interpretation, the general conclusion is that an important, novel phenomenon has been discovered which deserves renewed interest.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEacriticale.pdf
3845	Journal Article	Storms, E.	2000	The present status of chemically-assisted nuclear reactions	Infinite Energy, Vol = 5, Num = 29, Page = 26					The present status of chemically-assisted nuclear reactions	review
3844	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	2000	Excess Power Production from Platinum Cathodes Using the Pons-Fleischmann Effect	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 55	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Excess Power Production from Platinum Cathodes Using the Pons-Fleischmann Effect	Pt, D2O, electrolysis, heat+, ICCF-8	Excess power was produced using a platinum cathode. Efforts to produce active cathodes by plating palladium onto various metals were largely unsuccessful.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEexcesspowe.pdf
3843	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1999	My life with cold fusion as a reluctant mistress	Infinite Energy, Vol = 4, Num = 24, Page = 42					My life with cold fusion as a reluctant mistress	heat+, tritium, method, history, D/Pd, OCV	Over 9 years have passed since many of us were lured into believing that the Pons-Fleischmann effect would solve the world's energy problems and make us all rich. Things have not yet worked out as we had hoped. Each of us have followed a different path through the labyrinth of this expectation. I would like to share with you my particular path and show you how I came to believe that problems of reproducibility are caused solely by the properties of the materials in which the nuclear reactions are proposed to occur.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEmylifewith.pdf
3842	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	1999	A New Method for Initiating Nuclear Reactions	First International Conference on Future Energy		Unpublished	Washington, DC		A New Method for Initiating Nuclear Reactions	review, heat, cavitation, sonotfusion, plasma discharge, fractofusion, biology	Energy from present sources has proven to have serious limitations. Fortunately for the future of mankind, several new but controversial sources of energy have been discovered. This talk will describe a method to initiate nuclear reactions within solid materials, so-called Chemically Assisted Nuclear Reactions (CANR) when the environment is the focus or Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) if the process is to be emphasized. Proposed is a new field of study which combines the electron environment (chemistry) with the nuclear environment (nuclear physics), two environments which are thought not to interact. The method generates energy without producing serious amounts of radiation or radioactive waste. In addition, the method is suggested as a means to reduce the radioactivity associated with previously generated nuclear waste. A wide range of experience obtained world-wide over the last ten years will be described and the controversial nature of the method will be discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEanewmethod.pdf
3841	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	1999	Anomalous Heat Generated by Electrolysis Using a Palladium Cathode and Heavy Water	American Physical Society Meeting			Atlanta, GA	March 26, 1999	Anomalous Heat Generated by Electrolysis Using a Palladium Cathode and Heavy Water	Pd, D2O heat, electrolysis	Samples of palladium sheet supplied by IMRA Japan were tested for anomalous energy production using electrolysis in heavy water and a sensitive calorimeter. Several samples were found to produce significant power above that being applied to produce electrolysis. This behavior was found to correlate with certain properties of the palladium metal. In addition, the anomalous heat was shown to originate at the cathode.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEanomaloush.pdf
3840	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1998	Formation of b-PdD Containing High Deuterium Concentration Using Electrolysis of Heavy-Water	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 268					Formation of b-PdD Containing High Deuterium Concentration Using Electrolysis of Heavy-Water	Pd D2O PdD electrolysis loading OCV structure	The limiting composition of beta-PdD obtained during electrolytic loading results from a complex competition between diffusion of D atoms through any surface barrier, diffusion within the bulk sample, and loss of deuterium gas from surface-penetrating cracks. Reductions in surface crack concentration and surface-barriers are essential steps to achieve high compositions. The highest compositions within any sample are located within the surface region as a complex patch-work of values. The open circuit voltage (OCV), referenced to platinum, is useful in understanding changes in the surface composition and structure. Values as high as -1.35 V have been observed for highly loaded beta-PdD. Evidence for several new, possibly impurity stabilized structures is given.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEformationo.pdf
3839	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1998	Cold Fusion Revisited (translation into Chinese)	Infinite Energy, Vol = 4, Num = 21, Page = 16					Cold Fusion Revisited (translation into Chinese)	review	Translated by W.-S. Zhang.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEcoldfusionc.pdf
3838	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1998	Cold Fusion Revisited	Infinite Energy, Vol = 4, Num = 21, Page = 16					Cold Fusion Revisited	review
3837	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	1998	Relationship Between Open-Circuit-Voltage and Heat Production in a Pons-Fleischmann Cell	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 356	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Relationship Between Open-Circuit-Voltage and Heat Production in a Pons-Fleischmann Cell	Pd, heat+, D2O, electrolysis, loading, overvoltage, surface composition, D/Pd, ICCF-7	INTRODUCTION Lack of reproducibility is still the major reason CANR is not generally accepted and has not advanced into commercial use. The ability to reproduce any phenomenon depends on knowing the major variables and conditions required for the events to operate. In the case of cold fusion, even fundamental factors such as the D/Pd ratio and the crystal structure of the nuclear-active regions are not known. It is the intent of this paper to demonstrate several techniques for obtaining such information and the results obtained from their application to the Pons-Fleischmann Effect.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsErelationsh.pdf
3836	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1996	How to produce the Pons-Fleischmann effect	Fusion Technol., Vol = 29					How to produce the Pons-Fleischmann effect	method, heat, Fleischmann	Conditions required for producing excess energy in PdD created in an electrolytic cell are described and reasons for their importance are discussed. This difficult to accept effect can now be produced with a high probability for success using the described procedures.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEhowtoprodu.pdf
3835	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1996	A Review of the Cold Fusion Effect	J. Sci. Expl., Vol = 10, Num = 2, Page = 185					A Review of the Cold Fusion Effect	review
3834	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1996	A Study of Those Properties of Palladium That Influence Excess Energy Production by the 'Pons-Fleischmann' Effect	Infinite Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 8, Page = 50					A Study of Those Properties of Palladium That Influence Excess Energy Production by the 'Pons-Fleischmann' Effect	Pd, heat+, D2O, method, excess volume, OCV, electrolysis	A large collection of palladium plates having different treatments were examined to determine the composition limit produced after electrolysis in LiOD-D2O electrolyte, the amount of excess volume produced by the contained deuterium, the open circuit voltage generated by the material referenced to a platinum electrode, and the deloading rate in air. The influence of these properties on the ability to produce excess power from the 'Pons-Fleischmann' effect was explored. The palladium was found to be very nonuniform with respect to the measured properties. Excess power production was associated with a minimum amount of excess volume and an open circuit voltage above 1.0 V. Samples capable of producing excess energy can be reactivated even after deloading or removal of the surface.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEastudyofth.pdf
3833	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	1996	Some Thoughts on the Nature of the Nuclear-Active Regions in Palladium	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 105	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Some Thoughts on the Nature of the Nuclear-Active Regions in Palladium	Pd, loading, heat, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-6	A large collection of palladium samples, supplied by IMRA Materials (Japan), were studied to determine the relationship between energy production and various properties including the amount of excess volume, the open-circuit-voltage, and the maximum D/Pd ratio. The following conclusions result from the work: 1. Palladium, no matter how well prepared, is very inhomogeneous with respect to the properties relevant to cold fusion. Therefore, most general conclusions can not be based on the behavior of one or a few samples. 2. The bulk properties do not represent the properties of the nuclear-active-regions. Theoreticians need to take special note of this observation. 3. Energy active palladium will continue to produce excess energy even after being subjected to acid treatment or physical removal of the surface. Therefore, 'good' palladium is difficult to ruin. 4. A pretest method has been developed to identify 'good' palladium.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEsomethough.pdf
3832	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1995	Cold fusion, a challenge to modern science	J. Sci. Expl., Vol = 9					Cold fusion, a challenge to modern science	review
3831	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	1995	Status of 'Cold Fusion'	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 1	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Status of 'Cold Fusion'	review	A selection of experimental evidence supporting the 'cold fusion' effect is evaluated. In addition, an effort is made to show why these observations can be considered real and correct. The total evidence set strongly demonstrates a new phenomenon worthy of potential technological development.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=13
3830	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1995	Cold Fusion: From reasons to doubt to reasons to believe	Infinite Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 23					Cold Fusion: From reasons to doubt to reasons to believe	review
3829	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	1995	The Nature of the Energy-Active State in Pd-D	II Workshop on the Loading of Hydrogen/Deuterium in Metals			Asti, Italy		The Nature of the Energy-Active State in Pd-D	Loading	Evidence is presented to show that the energy-active state is located within the surface of electrolyzed palladium.? Although a high average D/Pd ratio is required to form this state, this is not the only condition. Several additional conditions must exist to cause a very high surface composition to form and to cause a conversion of the resulting material from beta-PdD to another phase.? The required high surface composition depends only in part on a high average composition.? Absence of microcracks in the surface region, presence of surface and near surface impurities, and external energy application influence the eventual nucleation and growth of the required phase.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEthenatureo.pdf
3828	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1994	Some Characteristics of Heat Production Using the 'Cold Fusion' Effect	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 96					Some Characteristics of Heat Production Using the 'Cold Fusion' Effect	heat+ Pd, D2O, temperature, Current Density electrolysis
3827	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1994	Chemically-Assisted Nuclear Reactions	Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 42					Chemically-Assisted Nuclear Reactions	review
3826	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	1994	Methods Required for the Production of Excess Energy Using the Electrolysis of Palladium in D2O-Based Electrolyte	International Symposium, Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources			Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus	May 24-26, 1994	Methods Required for the Production of Excess Energy Using the Electrolysis of Palladium in D2O-Based Electrolyte	heat+, Pd, D2O, method
3825	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1993	Measurements of excess heat from a Pons-Fleischmann-type electrolytic cell using palladium sheet	Fusion Technol., Vol = 23					Measurements of excess heat from a Pons-Fleischmann-type electrolytic cell using palladium sheet	heat+, electrolysis, Pd, D2O, excess volume, crack	Two pieces of palladium sheet similar to that used by Takahashi were loaded with deuterium in a Pons-Fleischmann-type electrolytic cell, and heat production was measured. One sheet produced a steady increase in excess power that reached 7.5 W (20% of input power) before the study was interrupted. A second similar sheet from a different batch of palladium did not produce any measurable excess power. There were differences in the loading behavior, the maximum stoichiometry, and the presence of excess volume in the deuteride made from these materials. The first sheet contained 0.8% excess volume after having been deloaded from its maximum deuterium/palladium (D/Pd) ratio of 0.82 to 0.73, and the second sheet contained 13.5% excess volume while at its maximum ratio of 0.75. The high excess volume in the latter case is an indication of internal escape paths that reduce the required high D/Pd ratio.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEmeasuremena.pdf
3824	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	1993	Some Characteristics of Heat Production Using the 'Cold Fusion' Effect	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 4		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Some Characteristics of Heat Production Using the 'Cold Fusion' Effect	heat+, Pd, D2O, temperature, Current Density, electrolysis, ICCF-4	Additional evidence is presented to show that heat production resulting from the Pons-Fleischmann Effect has a positive temperature coefficient, has a critical onset current density, and originates at the palladium cathode.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEsomecharac.pdf
3823	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	1993	The Status of 'Cold Fusion'	28th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference			Atlanta, GA	Aug. 8-13, 1993	The Status of 'Cold Fusion'	review
3822	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E.	1992	Measurement of Excess Heat from a Pons-Fleischmann Type Electrolytic Cell	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 21	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Measurement of Excess Heat from a Pons-Fleischmann Type Electrolytic Cell	Pd D2O heat electrolysis, ICCF-3	Two samples of Pd were obtained from Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K. K. (Japan). One sample gave 20% excess heat before the run was prematurely terminated and the other sample gave no excess heat. The sample giving excess energy contained only 0.8% excess volume while the nonproductive sample had 13.5 % excess volume. The calorimeter is dosed in an energy sense, pressured with D2, and stirred. Calibration was done before, during and after heat measurement. Four different calibration procedures were used including a blank using a platinum cathode. Temperature gradients were monitored and found to change when excess heat was produced. This change strongly suggests that normal electrolysis releases energy mainly at the anode while excess heat is released mainly at the cathode. The bulk D/Pd ratio was measured during initial charging and was found to reach 0.82. Voltage difference between cathode and reference electrode was measured and indicates that the deuterium concentration gradient is small during initial charging at 0.02A/cm^2. Excess volume in each palladium cathode was measured after each study. Heat production is proposed to be prevented if excess volume is too large.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=32
3821	Journal Article	Storms, E., Talcott-Storms, C.	1991	The effect of hydriding on the physical structure of palladium and on the release of contained tritium	Fusion Technol., Vol = 20					The effect of hydriding on the physical structure of palladium and on the release of contained tritium	Pd, loading, tritium, electrolysis, Pd	The behavior of tritium released from a contaminated, palladium cathode has been determined and compared to the pattern found in cells claimed to produce tritium by a cold fusion reaction. Void space is produced in palladium when it is subjected to hydrogen adsorption and desorption cycles. This void space can produce channels through which hydrogen can be lost from the cathode, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration. This effect is influenced, in part, by impurities, the shape of the electrode, the charging rate, the achieved concentration of hydrogen and the length of time the maximum concentration is present.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEtheeffecto.pdf
3820	Journal Article	Storms, E.	1991	Review of experimental observations about the cold fusion effect	Fusion Technol., Vol = 20					Review of experimental observations about the cold fusion effect	review	The experimental literature describing the cold fusion phenomenon is reviewed. The number and variety of careful experimental measurements of heat, tritium, neutron, and helium production strongly support the occurrence of nuclear reactions in a metal lattice near room temperature as proposed by Pons and Fleischmann and independently by Jones.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEreviewofex.pdf
3819	Journal Article	Storms, E., Talcott, C. L.	1990	Electrolytic tritium production	Fusion Technol., Vol = 17					Electrolytic tritium production	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, tritium	Fifty-three electrolytic cells of various configurations and electrode compositions were examined for tritium production. Significant tritium was found in eleven cells at levels between 1.5 and 80 times the starting concentration after enrichment corrections are made.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEelectrolyt.pdf
3818	Conference Proceedings	Storms, E., Talcott, C. L.	1990	A Study of Electrolytic Tritium Production	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	A Study of Electrolytic Tritium Production	tritium, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-1	Tritium production is being investigated using cathodes made from palladium and its alloys (with Li, C, S, B, and Be) to which are applied various surface treatments. Three anode materials (Pt, Ni and stainless steel), and various impurities in the electrolyte have also been used. Tritium has been produced in about 10% of the cells studied, but there is, as yet, no pattern of behavior that would make the effect predictable.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEastudyofel.pdf
3817	Journal Article	Stoppini, G.	1998	Nuclear processes in hydrogen-loaded metals	Fusion Technol., Vol = 34					Nuclear processes in hydrogen-loaded metals	Theory, neutron, transmutation
3816	Journal Article	Stoppini, G.	1991	Coulomb screening in superconducting PdH	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, Vol = 13D					Coulomb screening in superconducting PdH	theory, superconductivity
3815	Conference Proceedings	Stoljarov, P., Urutskoev, L., Lehn, H.	2004	Interaction Of Magnetic Monopoles On Polar Molecules	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Interaction Of Magnetic Monopoles On Polar Molecules	theory
3814	Journal Article	Stilwell, D. E., Park, K. H., Miles, M.	1990	Electrochemical Calorimetric Studies on the Electrolysis of Water and Heavy Water (D2O)	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 3, Page = 333					Electrochemical Calorimetric Studies on the Electrolysis of Water and Heavy Water (D2O)	D2O, Pd, heat-, electrolysis
3813	Newspaper Article	Stiff, D.	1989	Theories on Cold Fusion Abound	The Wall Street Journal			New YorkEditor		Theories on Cold Fusion Abound	history, newspaper
3812	Journal Article	Stevenson, C. D., Davis, J. P.	2019	Transmutations Involving the Di-neutron in Condensed Matter	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Transmutations Involving the Di-neutron in Condensed Matter	Chaos, Di-neutron, Electron Capture, 3H, 4mH, Palladium-128, Transmutation	It has been recently revealed how a lattice bound proton, in an electrochemical cathode, can absorb a relativistic electron yielding a neutron. There is no longer much doubt that the analogous electron capture by a deuteron, in condensed matter, . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=521
3811	Journal Article	Stella, B., Celani, F., Corradi, M., Ferrarotto, F., Iucci, N., Milone, V., Spallone, A., Villoresi, G.	1995	A high efficiency, low background neutron and gamma detector for cold fusion experiments	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, Vol = 355					A high efficiency, low background neutron and gamma detector for cold fusion experiments	neutron, method
3810	Conference Proceedings	Stella, B., Corradi, M., Ferrarotto, F., Milone, V., Celani, F., Spallone, A.	1992	Evidence for Stimulated Emission of Neutrons in Deuterated Palladium	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 437	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Evidence for Stimulated Emission of Neutrons in Deuterated Palladium	PdD, D, neutron, irradiation, Pd, ICCF-3	In order to study the effect of palladium in cold fusion, metallic deuterated Pd samples have been irradiated with partly moderated Am/Be neutrons and the resulting neutron intensity has been measured by the Fermi apparatus, an efficient and sophisticated detector for motivated neutrons. Once subtracted from the vessel + (empty) Pd effect measured in ?lank? runs, and excess of 13.0 ? 0.6 neutrons per second (~4% of the total measured rate close percent has been detected. Assuming 2.45 MeV energy for the electrons emitted by the radiated sample, the resulting rate corresponds to several outgoing neutrons for every neutron impinging on the Pd-D sample. Similar measurements with cadmium absorber gave lower effects. We don? observe any effect with gaseous deuterium. The underlying process can be interpreted as d-d fusion in a Pd-D lattice perturbed by neutrons. The excess, predominantly due to thermal incident neutrons, demonstrates that the palladium lattice strongly increases the probability for d-d fusion even almost at rest. Pd loaded with D was irradiated with neutrons. Almost twice as many neutrons were emitted by the sample than were impinging upon it. No effect was found using D2.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=176
3809	Conference Proceedings	Stella, B., Alessio, M., Carradi, M., Croce, F., Ferrarotto, F., Improta, S., Iucci, N., Milone, V., Villoresi, G., Celani, F., Spallone, A.	1992	The FERMI Apparatus and a Measurement of Tritium Production in an Electrolytic Experiment	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 503	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	The FERMI Apparatus and a Measurement of Tritium Production in an Electrolytic Experiment	tritium, Pd, D2O, neutron, electrolysis, expansion, ICCF-3	FERMI is a 7 BF3, 2 3He apparatus with high detection efficiency for moderated neutrons, pulse shape acquisition and good sensitivity to neutron bursts; it also performs a good statistical reconstruction of the average neutron energy. Gamma rays are detected by a complementary low background NaI detector. The total neutron background measured by the apparatus in the Gran Sasso INFN underground laboratory amounts to 0.09 Hz. A few different experiments have been performed with the same detector (see also the following contribution). A D2O-LiOD electrolysis with Pd cathode have been realized with emphasis on the cleanliness of all components. D2 and O2 produce gases were recombined using a room temperature catalyzer and the resulting water was monitored twice a day for tritium content; the same was done for samples of the electrolytic solution. Loading the Pd with variable currents, and a long patient of 130 μm (with much larger radial broadening) was observed in the first few days accompanied by a 60 - 100% tritium excess detected in the recombined water. The measured neutron rate in the same period was consistent with the background. Found tritium excess after electrolysis of annealed Pd. No neutrons were detected. Elongation shows that production occurred while Pd was in b-phase.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=241
3808	Journal Article	Steinert, C.	1990	Laser-induced 'semicold' fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 17					Laser-induced 'semicold' fusion	laser, method, PdD
3807	Journal Article	Staker, M. R.	2020	Estimating volume fractions of superabundant vacancy phases and their potential roles in low energy nuclear reactions and high conductivity in the palladium ? isotopic hydrogen system	Materials Science & Engineering B, Vol = 295					Estimating volume fractions of superabundant vacancy phases and their potential roles in low energy nuclear reactions and high conductivity in the palladium ? isotopic hydrogen system	Superabundant vacancy structures High conductivity Nuclear active environment (NAE) Palladium ? Isotopic hydrogen phases Delta and delta prime phases Low energy nuclear reactions (LENR)	The addition of three superabundant vacancy (SAV) phases, gamma (Pd7VacD6?8), delta (Pd3VacD4 ? octahedral), and delta' (Pd3VacD4 ? tetrahedral) to the palladium ? isotopic hydrogen phase diagram was recently reported [1]. Also, in that study, production of excess heat from a nuclear source during electrolysis in heavy water indicated portions of the palladium (Pd) ? deuterium (D) specimen were in the ordered delta phase, while a drop in resistance of the Pd during excess heat, with an increase in temperature, indicated portions of the specimen had shifted to the ordered delta' phase. Both delta and delta', create intersecting channels along the edges of the unit cells which are in effect long strings of Pd lattice vacancies for fast electron transport or a deuteron resonance condition. At high D/Pd ratio, the Pd-D alloy can be multiphase. An estimate of the volume fraction (fv) of d phase is made from the amount of nuclear energy measured.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StakerMRestimating.pdf
3806	Journal Article	Staker, M. R.	2020	A model and simulation of lattice vibrations in a superabundant vacancy phase of palladium?euterium	Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., Vol = 28					A model and simulation of lattice vibrations in a superabundant vacancy phase of palladium?euterium	superabundant vacancy structures, palladium?sotopic hydrogen phases, delta and delta prime phases, lattice vibrations, resonance frequency, phonons	A one dimensional Bravais lattice model is applied to a superabundant vacancy (SAV) delta . . . phase (Pd3VacD4?octahedral), in the palladium?euterium system. SolidWorks is used to simulate the motion of atoms and ions in the lattice. These two approaches give identical results for the vibrations of the deuterons indicating that large vibrations of deuterons are possible when the microstructure is a mixture of beta deuteride and small volume percent delta SAV phase. These conditions result from the unique geometry and crystallography of d phase. According to both the model and simulation, as the size of delta phase increases, opportunity for high amplitude vibrations of deuterons increases. Increasing temperature should have a similar effect.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StakerMRamodelands.pdf
3805	Journal Article	Staker, M. R.	2019	Coupled Calorimetry and Resistivity Measurements, in Conjunction with an Emended and More Complete Phase Diagram of the Palladium-Isotopic Hydrogen System	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Coupled Calorimetry and Resistivity Measurements, in Conjunction with an Emended and More Complete Phase Diagram of the Palladium-Isotopic Hydrogen System	Calorimetry, Electrolysis, Nuclear energy, Palladium?sotopic hydrogen phase diagram, Resistivity, Superabundant vacancy structures	Results of a calorimetric study established the energy produced, over and above input energy, from electrolytic loading of deuterium into Pd was 150 MJ/cm3 of Pd (14 000 eV/Pd atom) for a 46 day period. High fugacity of deuterium was developed in unalloyed palladium via electrolysis (0.5 mol electrolyte of lithium deuteroxide, LiOD) with the use of an independent electromigration current. In situ resistivity measurements of Pd were used to assay activity of D in the Pd lattice (ratio of D/Pd) and employed as an indicator of phase changes. During this period, two run-away events were triggered by suddenly increasing current density resulting in 100% excess power (2.4 W output with 1.2 W input) and necessitating temporary cut back in electrolysis current. The average excess power (excluding run-away) ranged from 4.7 +/- 0.15 to 9.6 +/- 0.30% of input power while input power ranged from 2.000 to 3.450 W, confirming the Fleischmann?ons effect.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=138
3804	Conference Proceedings	Staker, M. R.	2018	PREPRINT Coupled Calorimetry and Resistivity Measurements, in Conjunction with an Emended and More Complete Phase Diagram of the Palladium - Isotopic Hydrogen System	The 21st International Conference for Condensed Matter Nuclear Science ICCF-21			Fort Collins, CO		PREPRINT Coupled Calorimetry and Resistivity Measurements, in Conjunction with an Emended and More Complete Phase Diagram of the Palladium - Isotopic Hydrogen System	Calorimetry, resistivity, superabundant vacancy structures, nuclear energy, Palladium - Isotopic Hydrogen phase diagram, electrolysis	Results of a calorimetric study established the energy produced, over and above input energy, from electrolytic loading of deuterium into Pd was 150 MJ/cc of Pd (14000 eV/Pd atom) for a 46 day period. High fugacity of deuterium was developed in unalloyed palladium via electrolysis (0.5 molar electrolyte of lithium deuteroxide, LiOD) with the use of an independent electromigration current. In situ resistivity measurements of Pd were used to assay activity of D in the Pd lattice (ratio of D/Pd) and employed as an indicator of phase changes. During this period, two run-away events were triggered by suddenly increasing current density resulting in 100 percent excess power (2.4 watts output with 1.2 watts input) and necessitating temporary cut back in electrolysis current. The average excess power (excluding run-away) ranged from 4.7 ? 0.15 to 9.6 ? 0.30 percent of input power while input power ranged from 2.000 to 3.450 watts, confirming the Fleischmann-Pons effect. The precision was: Power In = +/- .0005 W; Delta T = +/- .05?; Power Out = +/- .015 W for an overall precision of +/- 0.5%. High fugacity was required for these results, and the triggered run-away events required even higher fugacity. Using thermodynamic energy balance, it was found that the energy release was of such magnitude that the source of the energy is from a nuclear source, however the exact reaction was not determined in this work.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StakerMRpreprintco.pdf
3803	Journal Article	Stachurski, J., Frackiewicz, A.	1985	A New Phase in the Pd-C System Formed During the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Acetylene	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 108					A New Phase in the Pd-C System Formed During the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Acetylene	PdC, Lattice Parameter, Pd, H2, structure
3802	Journal Article	Stacey Jr., W. M.	1989	Reactor prospects of muon-catalyzed fusion of deuterium and tritium concentrated in transition metals	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					Reactor prospects of muon-catalyzed fusion of deuterium and tritium concentrated in transition metals	theory, muon
3801	Book Section	Srivastava, Y. N., Widom, A., Larsen, L.	2009	A Primer for Electro-Weak Induced Low Energy Nuclear Reactions	Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2		American Chemical Society	Washington DC		ACS Symposium Series A Primer for Electro-Weak Induced Low Energy Nuclear Reactions		In a series of papers, cited in the main body of the paper below, detailed calculations have been presented which show that electromagnetic and weak interactions can induce low energy nuclear reactions to occur with observable rates for a variety of processes. A common element in all these applications is that the electromagnetic energy stored in many relatively slow-moving electrons can, under appropriate circumstances, be collectively transferred into fewer, much faster electrons with energies sufficient for the latter to combine with protons (or deuterons, if present) to produce neutrons through weak interactions. The produced neutrons can then initiate low energy nuclear reactions through further nuclear transmutations. The aim of this paper is to extend and enlarge on various examples analyzed previously, present simplified order-of-magnitude estimates for each and illuminate a common unifying theme among them. PACS numbers: 12.15.Ji, 23.20.Nx, 23.40.Bw, 24.10.Jv, 25.30.-c	0-8412-2454-4 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srivastavaaprimerfor.pdf
3800	Conference Proceedings	Srivastava, O. N., Babu, K. S. C., Lalla, N. P., Tiwari, R. S.	1990	On the Formation of Palladium Deuteride and its Relationship to Suspected Cold Fusion	8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf.		Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822	Honolulu, HI	July 22-27, 1990	On the Formation of Palladium Deuteride and its Relationship to Suspected Cold Fusion	theory
3799	Journal Article	Srinivasan, M.	2015	Introduction to isotopic shifts and transmutations observed in LENR experiments	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					624 Introduction to isotopic shifts and transmutations observed in LENR experiments
3798	Journal Article	Srinivasan, M.	2015	Observation of neutrons and tritium in the early BARC cold fusion experiments	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					619 Observation of neutrons and tritium in the early BARC cold fusion experiments
3797	Journal Article	Srinivasan, M., Meulenberg, A.	2015	Preface	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					491 Preface	introduction, history electrically put into the electrolytic cell. . . .		http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/108/04/0491.pdf
3796	Journal Article	Srinivasan, M.	2015	Revisiting the Early BARC Tritium Results	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					137 Revisiting the Early BARC Tritium Results	Autoradiography, BARC Studies, Deuterium gas loading, Electrolysis experiments, Ni?? experiments, Plasma focus, Tritium measurements	Within days of the F&P announcement of 1989, several groups at BARCembarked on a program to look for the generation of neutrons and tritium when deuterium (or hydrogen) is loaded into metals such as Pd, Ti and Ni. Electrolytic, gas and plasma loading techniques were deployed. Post run electrolyte samples were analyzed for tritium content using standard liquid scintillation techniques. In the case of gas and plasma loaded ??ry? samples, surface tritium content was measured directly using windowless beta counters. Autoradiography was deployed as a very effective tool to monitor the spatial distribution of tritium in the near surface layers of test samples. The first confirmation of copious tritium generation was obtained on 21 April 1989 in a commercial ?ilton Roy? Pd?2O electrolytic cell. The results obtained during the first year of the BARC Cold Fusion campaign were presented at ICCF 1 in March 1990 where we reported observing tritium generation in 22 different electrolytic cells, which were set up totally independently by diverse research groups. The present paper revisits the early BARCtritium results obtained in a variety of experimental configurations during the period 1989?1996.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=144
3795	Journal Article	Srinivasan, M.	2014	Transmutations and Isotopic shifts in LENR Experiments: An Overview	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					495-504 Transmutations and Isotopic shifts in LENR Experiments: An Overview	Isotopic anomalies, Multi-deuteron capture, Transmutation reactions	This overview presents a brief summary of observations of products of transmutation reactions which occur in a variety of LENR configurations wherein the 'host metal' nuclei react with loaded deuterium or hydrogen, resulting in the formation of new stable elements or isotopes not present prior to an experimental run.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasantransmutat.pdf
3794	Journal Article	Srinivasan, M.	2011	Neutron Emission in Bursts and Hot Spots: Signature of Micro-Nuclear Explosions?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 4					Neutron Emission in Bursts and Hot Spots: Signature of Micro-Nuclear Explosions?	Hot spots, Micro-nuclear explosion, Neutron bursts, Statistics, Tritium	Within a few months of the Fleischmann Pons announcement of 1989 several independent groups at BARC had confirmed the production of neutrons and tritium in a variety of electrolytic cells. Among the many findings of the BARC groups were the first hint of the neutron to tritium branching ratio anomaly, namely that tritium production is several orders of magnitude higher than that of neutrons, that neutrons and tritium are probably being emitted simultaneously and that at least in the case of titanium targets, the generated tritium is found to be entrenched in highly localized ?ot spots?. But the most intriguing observation of all was that neutrons appeared to be emitted in sharp bursts of up to 10^3 neutrons per event. An integrated view of all these findings taken together led to the speculation that perhaps up to 10^10-10^12 tritons each were being generated in the form of micro-nuclear explosions, with neutron emission being only a minor side reaction in the process. Whatever the nature of the phenomenon, it seemed to be occurring in a highly localized fashion, both in space and time. Since those early days however the aspect of spatially localized occurrence of nuclear reactions has gained further acceptance through the concept of ?uclear Active Environment?. The observation of thermal hot spots, micro-craters and isolated regions wherein transmutation products are concentrated on the cathode surface has reinforced the suspicion that the phenomenon is spatially localized. But how reliable is the evidence for localization in time? This review revisits our early neutron multiplicity measurements since it appears that confirmation of multiple neutron production is possibly the only handle we have to establish the temporal localization feature and thereby give some insight into the possible occurrence of micro-nuclear explosions which in turn would have a tremendous bearing on the nature of the theoretical mechanism governing these LENR reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedc.pdf#page=169
3793	Book Section	Srinivasan, M., Miley, G. H., Storms, E.	2011	Low Energy Nuclear Reactions: Transmutations	Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia: Science, Technology and Applications		Wiley			Low Energy Nuclear Reactions: Transmutations	transmutation	Preprint of review article distributed to participants of ICCF 16 Conference held in Chennai during Feb 2011 This article describes different aspects of the phenomenon called 'Low Energy Nuclear Reactions' (LENR) which investigate the occurrence of various types of nuclear reactions in certain 'host' metals such as Palladium, Titanium, Nickel, etc.? when they are 'loaded' or 'charged' with deuterium (or hydrogen) to form the corresponding metallic deuterides (or hydrides).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasanlowenergyn.pdf
3792	Edited Book	Srinivasan, M., Krishnan, L. V.	2011	ICCF16, 16th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Abstracts	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ISCMNS			ICCF16, 16th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Abstracts		Book of Abstracts for ICCF-16 conference, 16th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, February 6 - 11, 2011, Chennai, India	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasaniccfthinte.pdf
3791	Conference Proceedings	Srinivasan, M.	2009	Hot Spots, Chain Events and Micro-nuclear Explosions	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Hot Spots, Chain Events and Micro-nuclear Explosions		In 1990 the BARC group presented results at several fora, based on our neutron multiplicity studies as well as tritium measurements, that suggested micro-nuclear explosions seem to occur at localized hot spots in which both Tritium and neutrons are generated, subject to the n/T branching ratio anomaly. It was estimated that about 108 to 1010 tritium generating lenr reactions take place in these hot spots accompanied by a very small fraction of neutrons. During the last few years several researchers have reported detecting a variety of transmutation reaction products in localized sites, often associated with some type of crater formation. Other experimenters have reported online detection of flashes of ?hermal hot spots? in their cathodes. It is therefore tempting to speculate that perhaps the concept of micro-nuclear explosions can be extended to heat generating helium producing reactions too, as well as nuclear reactions responsible for transmutation products. Many theoretical models such as those that depend on the catalyzing role of some exotic intermediate agent (such as Bose-Einstein condensates, deuteron clusters, Erzions, poly neutrons, trapped neutrons etc) seem to point to the possibility of occurrence of chain events. Two decades into the CMNS era, it is therefore worthwhile reexamining the merits of the micro-nuclear explosion hypothesis and seek independent experimental evidence to either corroborate or refute such a hypothesis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceedinga.pdf#page=57
3790	Conference Proceedings	Srinivasan, M.	2009	Hot Spots, Chain Events and Micronuclear Explosions (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Hot Spots, Chain Events and Micronuclear Explosions (PowerPoint slides)	Theory	Speculations on Characteristics of NAE * Two decades into the CF/LENR/CMNSera, the mechanism behind these reactions still eludes us! * General agreement that phenomenon occurs on surface, in 'special' regions -NAEs by Storms. * One could speculate that spatial extant of the NAE could possibly be a single nano particle or a grain. * Reasonable to expect that all NAEs wont be created simultaneously all over cathode surface. * Similarly, once formed, NAEs cant be expected to continue catalyzing reactions for 'ever & ever'. * The NAEs must have a finite 'active' lifetime ! * Could this be ns, microseconds, seconds, hours, days?	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasanhotspotsch.pdf
3789	Book Section	Srinivasan, M.	2009	Wide-Ranging Studies on the Emission of Neutrons and Tritium by LENR Configurations: An Historical Review of the Early BARC Results	Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2		American Chemical Society	Washington DC		ACS Symposium Series Wide-Ranging Studies on the Emission of Neutrons and Tritium by LENR Configurations: An Historical Review of the Early BARC Results			doi: 10.1021/bk-2009-1029.ch003 0-8412-2454-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1029.ch003
3788	Journal Article	Srinivasan, M.	2008	Meeting Report -- Energy Concepts for the 21st Century	Curr. Sci., Vol = 94, Num = 7, Page = 842					Meeting Report -- Energy Concepts for the 21st Century	Review	A one-day discussion meeting on the emerging new energy concepts for the 21st century was held at the National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bangalore. B. V. Sreekantan and S. Ranganathan (NIAS) and M. Srinivasan (formerly of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai) served as co-conveners for this meeting. There were about 40 participants at the meeting, majority of whom had a scientific background. Two of the participants represented an Indian venture capitalist firm.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasanmeetingrep.pdf
3787	Conference Proceedings	Srinivasan, M., Shyam, A., Sankaranarayanan, T. K., Bajpai, M. B., Ramamurthy, H., Mukherjee, U. K., Krishnan, M. S., Nayar, M. G., Naik, Y. P.	1992	Tritium and Excess Heat Generation During Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions of Alkali Salts With Nickel Cathode	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 123	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Tritium and Excess Heat Generation During Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions of Alkali Salts With Nickel Cathode	heat+, tritium, Ni, H2O, ICCF-3	A number of open cell electrolysis experiments of the Mills and Kneizys type using Nickel as cathode, Pt wire as anode and aqueous solutions of carbonates of Potassium, Sodium and Lithium (natural and enriched) as electrolyte have been carried out in three different laboratories at Trombay. The cells were fabricated out of commercial dewar vacuum flasks. The difference in temperature at equilibrium between the operating cells and that of an identical dummy reference flask was measured to deduce excess heat. The cells were calibrated using resistance heaters. In all, studies have been carried out so far in 29 electrolytic cells with various electrolytes. In some cases a mixture of H20 and D20 was used. The cells were operated for a few weeks at a time and excess heat up to a maximum of 70% appears to be present in most cells when the input joule power is upto a watt or two. The current density was less than 40 mA/cm^2. Electrolyte samples before and after electrolysis were analysed for tritium content after microdistillation to eliminate chemiluminiscence effects. Samples from 18 out of 29 experiments analysed have indicated tritium levels varying in the region of 46 Bq/ml to 3390 Bq/ml. One cell with enriched Li2C03 solution in H20 which was monitored continuously for over a month indicated that tritium generation is continuous. Although the highest amount of tritium produced so far was with a K2C03 in 25% D20 cell, the generation of tritium in cells containing only H20 is a new finding.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=131
3786	Journal Article	Srinivasan, M.	1991	Nuclear fusion in an atomic lattice: An update on the international status of cold fusion research	Curr. Sci., Vol = 60					Nuclear fusion in an atomic lattice: An update on the international status of cold fusion research	review	It is now two years since the first reports of the occurrence of nuclear reactions at ambient temperatures in deuterated metals such as Pd or Ti were published. ?old fusion', as this phenomenon has now come to be known, has, however, become embroiled in intense controversy with the scientific community becoming sharply polarized into 'believers' and 'non-believers' of this novel phenomenon. This ambivalence is primarily because of the non-reproducibility of the claimed results by many reputed research groups that have often used sophisticated experimental equipment. However, as the present review clearly shows, a large number of laboratories in many different countries have now obtained very reliable experimental evidence confirming the generation of 2.45-MeV neutrons, tritium, charged particles, X-rays, etc., both in electrolysis experiments and in a variety of other D2 -/plasma-/ion-beam-loading experiments, thereby confirming the nuclear origin of the phenomenon.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasannuclearfus.pdf
3785	Conference Proceedings	Srinivasan, M., Shyam, A., Kaushik, T. C., Rout, R. K., Kulkarni, L. V., Krishnan, M. S., Malhotra, S. K., Nagvenkar, V. G., Iyengar, P. K.	1990	Observation of Tritium in Gas/Plasma Loaded Titanium Samples	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 514	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Observation of Tritium in Gas/Plasma Loaded Titanium Samples	titanium, D2, tritium, ion implantation	The observation of significant neutron yield from gas loaded titanium samples at Frascati in April 1989 opened up an alternate pathway to the investigation of anomalous nuclear phenomena in deuterium/solid systems, complimenting the electrolytic approach. Since then atleast six different groups have successfully measured burst neutron emission from deuterated titanium shavings following the Frascati methodology, the special feature of which was the use of liquid nitrogen to create repeated thermal cycles resulting in the production of non-equilibrium conditions in the deuterated samples. At Trombay several variations of the gas loading procedure have been investigated including induction heating of single machined titanium targets in a glass chamber as well as use of a plasma focus device for deuteriding its central titanium electrode.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasanobservatio.pdf
3784	Conference Proceedings	Srinivasan, M., Shyam, A., Degwekar, S. B., Kulkarni, L. V.	1990	Statistical Analysis of Neutron Emission in Cold Fusion Experiments	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 175	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	Statistical Analysis of Neutron Emission in Cold Fusion Experiments	neutron, critique, method, ICCF-1	The paper discusses two techniques for studying the multiplicity spectrum of neutron emission in cold fusion experiments. In the first method the multiplicity distribution of counts in 20 ms time intervals is analysed to give information about the statistics of neutron emission in cold fusion. The results of six such experiments indicate that about 10 to 25% of the neutrons produced in cold fusion are emitted in the form of bunches 400 to 600 neutrons each. The other method discussed is an adaptation of the Artificial Dead Time method developed originally for reactor noise analysis as well as for the passive neutron assay of plutonium. An expression for the fractional loss of counts in the presence of dead time is derived. It is shown that a neutron detection efficiency of ~ 1% is adequate to estimate the average multiplicity as well as the fraction of bunched neutron emission in the presence of a Poisson background.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasanstatistica.pdf
3783	Journal Article	Spinrad, B. I.	1990	On cold fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 17					On cold fusion	theory
3782	Journal Article	Speiser, B., Rieker, A.	1989	Energy from electrochemically induced nuclear fusion?	Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab., Vol = 37					Energy from electrochemically induced nuclear fusion?	critique, heat, Fleischmann
3781	Conference Proceedings	Spallone, A., Marmigi, A., Celani, F., Marini, P., Stefano, V.	2007	A Review of Experimental studies about Hydrogen over-loading within Palladium wires (H/Pd > 1)	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals			Sicily, Italy		A Review of Experimental studies about Hydrogen over-loading within Palladium wires (H/Pd > 1)	excess heat, thin wires	Many hundreds of systematic tests have been performed at Frascati National Laboratories in order to achieve very high concentration of hydrogen (overloading) in palladium wires. The electrodes (cathode in central position: Pd wires 50 or 100 ?m thick and anode: Pt wires 0.5 mm thick) were placed in a coaxial geometry into a small cylindrical electrolytic cell.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ISCMNSproceeding.pdf#page=298
3780	Conference Proceedings	Spallone, A., Celani, F., Marini, P., Di Stefano, V.	2005	Measurements Of The Temperature Coefficient Of Electric Resistivity Of Hydrogen Overloaded Pd	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Measurements Of The Temperature Coefficient Of Electric Resistivity Of Hydrogen Overloaded Pd	loading	As reported in previous papers, we performed many electrolytic loading tests using thin Pd wires, achieving loading ratios of H/Pd  0.95 (H/Pd over-loading).? In particular, we defined a reproducible 'loading protocol' suitable for achieving such an over-loading level, based on the use of very diluted acid electrolytic solutions (with additions of tenths of micro-moles of Ca or Sr or Li cations and some hundred nano-moles of Hg ions) and operating with electrolytic current cycles? from a few mA up to one hundred mA. By observing the day/night cyclic fluctuations of electrical resistance, as a function of the corresponding temperature variations, of stable, long term, H/Pd loadings we were able to calculate the temperature coefficient of resistivity (K) of the Pd-H system at very high H/Pd loadings.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SpalloneAmeasuremen.pdf
3779	Conference Proceedings	Spallone, A., Celani, F., Marini, P., Di Stefano, V.	2004	An Overview Of Experimental Studies On H/Pd Over-Loading With Thin Pd Wires And Different Electrolytic Solutions	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		An Overview Of Experimental Studies On H/Pd Over-Loading With Thin Pd Wires And Different Electrolytic Solutions		Hundreds of electrolytic loading tests of thin Pd wires in different experimental conditions have been performed in order to find out the best procedures for stable, high hydrogen overloading into the palladium lattice. In a very dilute acid solution thin Pd cathodes (50 or 100 mm in diameter) and thick Pt anodes (0.5 mm in diameter) were used in a parallel or coaxial geometry. Normalised resistance (R/Ro) of the Pd cathode was on-line and continuously measured in order to determine the actual H/Pd values. Different electrolytic solutions have been tested by adding to the acid solution very low amounts of Ca, Sr, Li and Hg ions; high loading H/Pd ratios have been achieved with a satisfactory grade of reproducibility. Several loading procedures have been performed in a wide range of electrolysis current (from a few mA up to one hundred mA) and at different Hg ion concentrations. The obtained results allowed for the definition of a loading protocol that ensures very high H/Pd over-loading. Stable R/Ro ≤ 1.2 values (corresponding to H/Pd ratios ≥ 1) can be currently achieved with an extremely low power electrolytic supply (10 V, 5 mA).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SpalloneAanoverview.pdf
3778	Conference Proceedings	Spallone, A., Celani, F., Marini, P., Di Stefano, V.	2002	Experimental studies to achieve H/Pd loading ratio close to 1 in thin wires, using different electrolytic solutions	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Experimental studies to achieve H/Pd loading ratio close to 1 in thin wires, using different electrolytic solutions 4039	loading, Pd, thin wires, electrolysis, alcohol, H2O	Systematic studies have been performed in order to achieve very high concentration of Hydrogen (or Deuterium) into a Palladium lattice. In a very diluted acid electrolytic cell a thin Pd cathode wire (100 mm) and tick anode Pt wires (0.5 mm) has been used as electrodes in a coaxial geometry. Normalised resistance (R/Ro) of Pd-H wire system has been measured on-line and used as reference of H/Pd values. Alcoholic solution (95%) and electrolytic solution (5%) has been used with addition of a very low amount of Sr and Hg ions; high loading results have been achieved with a satisfactory grade of reproducibility.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SpalloneAexperiment.pdf
3777	Conference Proceedings	Spallone, A., Celani, F., Marini, P., Di Stefano, V.	2000	New Electrolytic Procedure for the Obtainment of Very High H/Pd Loading Ratios. Preliminary Attempts for its Application to the D/Pd System	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 191	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	New Electrolytic Procedure for the Obtainment of Very High H/Pd Loading Ratios. Preliminary Attempts for its Application to the D/Pd System	loading, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-8	A new electrolytic protocol is proposed, capable of insuring a very high Hydrogen loading of thin Palladium wires. The main characteristic of the procedure consists in the use of a particular electrolyte containing very small amounts of alkaline-earth metals dissolved in a diluted acid solution (H2O+HCl). The addition of alkaline-earth metals to the electrolyte appears to be decisive for the achievement of HlPd loading ratios close to 1. Two independent Research Groups have tested the protocol with similar results. Probably because of the presence of contaminants in the heavy water, less satisfactory results have been obtained for the DlPd loading ratios (best result: R/Ro = 1.52; DlPd ~ 0.97)	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SpalloneAnewelectro.pdf
3776	Journal Article	Soyfer, V. N., Goryachev, V. A., Salyuk, A. N., Sergeyev, A. F.	1992	Neutron emission during heavy water electrolysis	Appl. Radiat. Isot., Vol = 43					Neutron emission during heavy water electrolysis	electrolysis, titanium D2O, neutron, Ti-V, Pt, Vanadium
3775	Journal Article	Southon, J. R., Stark, J. W., Vogel, J. S., Waddington, J. C.	1990	Upper limit for neutron emission from cold deuteron-triton fusion	Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., Vol = 41, Num = 5, Page = R1899					Upper limit for neutron emission from cold deuteron-triton fusion	titanium D2, electrolysis, neutron
3774	Report	Soriaga, M. P.	1990	Surface Electrochemical Studies of Pd in Alkaline D2O Solutions	Juaxue Tongbao					Surface Electrochemical Studies of Pd in Alkaline D2O Solutions	Pd, surface, D, AES, XPS, TDMS, analysis
3773	Journal Article	Song, X., Liu, J.	1997	Cold fusion and its lessons	Juaxue Tongbao					Cold fusion and its lessons	review
3772	Journal Article	Sona, P. G., Ferrari, M.	1990	The possible negative influence of dissolved O2 in cold nuclear fusion experiments	Fusion Technol., Vol = 18					The possible negative influence of dissolved O2 in cold nuclear fusion experiments	Li, Pd, electrolysis, surface analysis
3771	Journal Article	Sona, P. G., Parmigiani, F., Barberis, F., Battaglia, A., Berti, R., Buzzanca, G., Capelli, A., Capra, D., Ferrari, M.	1990	Preliminary tests on tritium and neutrons in cold nuclear fusion within palladium cathodes	Fusion Technol., Vol = 17					Preliminary tests on tritium and neutrons in cold nuclear fusion within palladium cathodes	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, tritium, neutron
3770	Journal Article	Soifer, V. N., Goryachev, V. A., Salyuk, A. N., Sergeev, F.	1990	Neutron yield in heavy-water electrolysis	Sov. Phys. Dokl., Vol = 35, Num = 6, Page = 546					Neutron yield in heavy-water electrolysis	Pd, electrolysis, D2O, neutron, titanium, Pt, Ti-V
3769	Journal Article	Sohlberg, K., Szalewicz, K.	1990	Fusion rates for deuterium in titanium clusters	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 144, Num = 6,7, Page = 365					Fusion rates for deuterium in titanium clusters	theory, distance
3768	Journal Article	Sof'ina, V. V.	1963	Activation of Hydrogen Adsorption by Palladium	Pribory i Teckh. Eksp.					Activation of Hydrogen Adsorption by Palladium	activation, Pd, H2, loading
3767	Journal Article	Sobotka, L. G., Winter, P.	1990	Fracture without fusion (Scientific correspondence)	Nature (London), Vol = 343					Fracture without fusion (Scientific correspondence)	fractofusion, neutron, D2O
3766	Journal Article	Sobkowski, J.	1990	Cold fusion - facts and opinions	Wiad. Chem., Vol = 44					Cold fusion - facts and opinions	review
3765	Journal Article	Smith, T. F., White, G. K.	1977	Gruneisen Parameters , Electron-Phonon Enhancement and Superconductivity for Pd-H Alloys	J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., Vol = 7					Gruneisen Parameters , Electron-Phonon Enhancement and Superconductivity for Pd-H Alloys	Thermal Expansion, Pd, H, superconductivity
3764	Journal Article	Smith, D. P., Barret, C. S.	1940	Note on the Arrangement of Phases in Pd-H	J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol = 62					Note on the Arrangement of Phases in Pd-H	Pd, H, diffusion, structure
3763	Journal Article	Smith, D. P., Derge, G. J.	1935	The Occlusion and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Metals. A. Metallographic Study of Palladium-Hydrogen	Trans. Electrochem. Soc., Vol = LXVI					The Occlusion and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Metals. A. Metallographic Study of Palladium-Hydrogen	Pd H, diffusion, Excess Volume, Chemical Etch
3762	Journal Article	Smilga, A. V., Smilga, V. P.	1996	A small physical effect	Ross. Khim. Zh., Vol = 40, Num = 3, Page = 122 (in Russian)					A small physical effect	theory
3761	Conference Proceedings	Smedley, S. I., Crouch-Baker, S., McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L.	1992	The January 2, 1992, Explosion in a Deuterium/Palladium Electrolytic System at SRI International	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 139	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	The January 2, 1992, Explosion in a Deuterium/Palladium Electrolytic System at SRI International	explosion, SRI, accident, ICCF-3	This paper reviews the accident that occurred at SRI International on January 2, 1992. A plausible explanation for the cause of the accident is proposed, and recommendat ions are made pertaining to the safety of future experiments. These recommendations relate to the design of electrolysis experiments, and to the behavior of recombination catalysts, and may provide useful guidelines for other workers in the field.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=147
3760	Journal Article	Slanina, Z.	1989	Towards molecular-thermodynamic aspects of postulated Pd/D low-temperature nuclear fusion: a useful example of a failure of the conventional translation partition function	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 156					Towards molecular-thermodynamic aspects of postulated Pd/D low-temperature nuclear fusion: a useful example of a failure of the conventional translation partition function	theory
3759	Journal Article	Skibbe, U., Neue, G.	1990	A 2D-NMR method to study near-surface regions of conductors	Colloids Surf., Vol = 45					A 2D-NMR method to study near-surface regions of conductors	surface analysis, Pd, diffusion, loading, electrolysis
3758	Journal Article	Skerrett, P. J.	1990	Cold Fusion at Texas A&M: Problems, but No Fraud	Science, Vol = 250					Cold Fusion at Texas A&M: Problems, but No Fraud	history
3757	Journal Article	Skelton, E. F., Hagans, P. L., Qadri, S. B., Dominguez, D. D., Ehrlich, A. C., Hu, J. Z.	1998	In situ Monitoring of Crystallographic Changes in Pd Induced by Diffusion of D	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 58, Num = 22					In situ Monitoring of Crystallographic Changes in Pd Induced by Diffusion of D	Pd, loading, D2O, electrolysis, diffusion
3756	Conference Proceedings	Sjland, K. A., Kristiansson, P., Westergard, K. G. J.	1991	Liquid Scintillator Detection and Multiparameter Data Acquisition for Neutron Detection in Cold Fusion Experiments	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 261	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Liquid Scintillator Detection and Multiparameter Data Acquisition for Neutron Detection in Cold Fusion Experiments	neutron, method, ICCF-2	We have designed a low level neutron detector for cold fusion expcrimenu with tilanium and deuterium gas. The basic principle of the system is to monitor as many relevant parameters as possible and store them event-by-event and analyze the data afterwards. The result of the experiment was that no significant excess of neutrons was observed. We also discussed the cosmic radiation that may influence low level measurements of neutrons.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=276
3755	Journal Article	Sisik, B., Nagel, D. J.	2020	Review of Seebeck Calorimeters Used in LENR Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Review of Seebeck Calorimeters Used in LENR Experiments	Calorimeters, Isoperibolic calorimeters, LENR, Low energy nuclear reactions, Mass flow calorimeters, Seebeck calorimeters	Cold Fusion is the name initially applied to what are now called, more generally, Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR). Such reactions produce nuclear products and generate thermal energy. Calorimeters are the instruments used to measure the energy production. They can be based on either mass or heat flow. Some heat flow calorimeters use the Seebeck effect in particular materials, where temperature differences produced by LENR generate measurable voltages from thermoelectric devices. This paper is a review of Seebeck calorimeters that have been used in LENR experiments. Compilations of their characteristics and performance are provided. The scaling of the performance of Seebeck calorimeters with their size is considered. The equations that govern the behavior of both mass flow and heat flow calorimeters are given.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=240
3754	Journal Article	Sioda, R.	1994	Cavity in Metal (Hohlraum) Limited-Radiation Effect Law	Curr. Topics Electrochem., Vol = 3					Cavity in Metal (Hohlraum) Limited-Radiation Effect Law	theory, hot spot
3753	Journal Article	Sioda, R. E., Fahidy, T. Z.	1992	A simplified approach to the thermal behaviour of electrolytic Dewar cell calorimeters	J. Appl. Electrochem., Vol = 22					A simplified approach to the thermal behaviour of electrolytic Dewar cell calorimeters	heat, method
3752	Journal Article	Sioda, R. E.	1989	Heat effects during room-temperature electrolysis of deuterium oxide	Bull. Electrochem., Vol = 5, Num = 12, Page = 902					Heat effects during room-temperature electrolysis of deuterium oxide	electrolysis, Pt, D2O, heat, method
3751	Journal Article	Sinha, A.	2015	Model of low energy nuclear reactions in a solid matrix with defects	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					516 Model of low energy nuclear reactions in a solid matrix with defects
3750	Journal Article	Sinha, A., Meulenberg, A.	2012	Quantum-correlated Fluctuations, Phonon-induced Bond Polarization, Enhanced Tunneling, and Low-energy Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Matter	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 8 (2012) 105–114					Quantum-correlated Fluctuations, Phonon-induced Bond Polarization, Enhanced Tunneling, and Low-energy Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Matter	Bond polarization, Correlated fluctuations, Lattice-assisted tunneling, LENR, Phonons	In heavily (deuterated or hydrogenated) palladium, some of the crystallinity is lost. As a consequence, the localized phonon modes of the crystal/damaged-region interface have a much higher frequency than the host. These high-frequency modes create electrostatic fields that interact strongly with electrons of the local atoms. A resulting instantaneous potential inversion, from polarization, leads to the formation of lochons (local charged bosons-electron pairs in the singlet state, perhaps isolated from the Pd d-orbital energy levels) and of an associated H+ or D+ ion (with its two shared electrons instantaneously isolated into the adjacent Pd d-levels). The Coulomb repulsion between the nuclei of these pairs is greatly reduced by strong screening from the lochons that can even generate an attractive polarization potential. Furthermore, the mutual tunneling penetration probability of the Coulomb barrier is enhanced by correlated fluctuations. This arises from the generalized uncertainty relations, x px,E t = (n + 1/2)h/(1 - ?2)0.5, where n may be on the order of 10-100 and where results from two models are combined. The integer n values represent excitations in the phonon modes of the H or D sub-lattice and ? is the correlation coefficient with 0 < ? < 1. Higher values of nand ?, for a particle in a potential well, imply less localization and greater uncertainties in location (i.e., extending its probability distribution further into the barrier). These periodic fluctuations into the barrier are an interference effect similar to that of beat frequencies.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedg.pdf#page=111
3749	Journal Article	Sinha, K. P., Meulenberg, A.	2012	Lochon-mediated Low-energy Nuclear Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6					Lochon-mediated Low-energy Nuclear Reactions	Deep orbital, Fragmentation, LENR, Lochon, Strong screening	In heavily hydrogenated (deuterated) palladium crystals, the crystallinity is degraded. This non-uniformity results in phonon modes that are localized and of higher frequency than for unloaded lattices. These modes create dynamic electrostatic fields that couple strongly with both bound and free electrons and the hydrogen (H and D) sub-lattice. A consequent potential inversion leads to the formation of ??ochons? (local-charged bosons-electron pairs in the singlet state) and results in H- or D- ions in the sub-lattice. The nuclear-Coulomb repulsion between colliding D+ D- ion pairs in the sub-lattice is considerably reduced by the resultant ??trong screening? and ??ochon-drag? effects. Furthermore, work is done, by the bound lochon in a D- ion attracting an adjacent D+ ion. This results in reductions: of the deuteron?? electron-orbital radii, as the ion pair approaches; of the mass deficit between the deuteron pair and a 4He atom (or a proton pair and a 2He/2H atom); and finally of the Coulomb repulsion between nuclear protons in a helium nucleus. Thus, the end product of such a deuteron-pair fusion is an excited-helium nucleus (4He*) with lower energy relative to that resulting from energetic deuteron collisions. This reduced energy of the excited nucleus may be lower than its new fragmentation levels. The effect of lochon mediation, to alter the nuclear potential-well and fragmentation energies, allows decay to the 4He ground states to be free of particulate radiation. This decay process, of ?eutral? 2He (from p+p) or 4He excited nuclei, is also a basis for observed transmutation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensede.pdf#page=64
3748	Conference Proceedings	Sinha, K. P., Meulenberg, A.	2008	A model for enhanced fusion reaction in a solid matrix of metal deuterides	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		A model for enhanced fusion reaction in a solid matrix of metal deuterides	Theory	Our study shows that the cross-section for fusion improves considerably if d-d pairs are located in linear (one-dimensional) chainlets or line defects. Such non-equilibrium defects can exist only in a solid matrix.? Further, solids harbor lattice vibrational modes (quanta, phonons) whose longitudinal-optical modes interact strongly with electrons and ions.? One such interaction, resulting in potential inversion, causes localization of electron pairs on deuterons. Thus, we have attraction of D+ - D- pairs and strong screening of the nuclear repulsion due to these local electron pairs (local charged bosons: acronym, lochons).? This attraction and strong coupling permits low-energy deuterons to approach close enough to alter the standard equations used to define nuclear-interaction cross-sections. These altered equations not only predict that low-energy-nuclear reactions (LENR) of D+ - D- (and H+ - H-) pairs are possible, they predict that they are probable.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SinhaKPamodelfore.pdf
3747	Conference Proceedings	Sinha, K. P., Hagelstein, P. L.	2000	Electron Screening in Metal Deuterides	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 369	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Electron Screening in Metal Deuterides	theory, ICCF-8
3746	Report	Sinha, K. P., Albright, D. C.	1999	The role of local electron pairing in facilitating fusion, fission and other mechanisms in reproducible experiments	Indian J. Technol., Vol = 27					The role of local electron pairing in facilitating fusion, fission and other mechanisms in reproducible experiments	theory, electron pairing
3745	Journal Article	Sinha, B., Viyogi, Y. P., Chattopadhyaya, S., Mazumdar, M. R. D., Murthy, G. S. N., Muthukrishnan, G., Bandyopadhyaya, T., Trivedi, M. D., Ghosh, D., Srivastava, D. K., Sen, P.	1989	Observations of neutron bursts in electrolysis of heavy water	Indian J. Technol., Vol = 27					Observations of neutron bursts in electrolysis of heavy water	electrolysis Pd, titanium, D2O, neutron gamma emission, heat- NaCl
3744	Journal Article	Singh, M., Saksena, M. D., Dixit, V. S., Kartha, V. B.	1994	Verification of the George Oshawa Experiment for Anomalous Production of Iron From Carbon Arc in Water	Fusion Technol., Vol = 26					Verification of the George Oshawa Experiment for Anomalous Production of Iron From Carbon Arc in Water	Fe, transmutation, nonradioactive, carbon, plasma	A direct current arc was run between ultrapure graphite electrodes dipped in ultrapure water for 1 to 20 h, The graphite residue collected at the bottom of the water trough was analyzed for iron content by a conventional spectrographic method, It was found, in the first few experiments, that the iron content in the graphite residue was fairly high, depending on the duration of the arcing, The experiment was repeated initially six times, and the results showed large variations in iron content (50 to 2000 parts per million (ppm)) in the carbon residue, In the second series of experiments, which were done with the water trough fully covered, the amount of iron in the carbon residue decreased significantly (20 to 100 ppm), Here also there were large variations in the iron concentration in the residue, although the experiments were performed under identical conditions, Whether iron is really being synthesized through transmutation from carbon and oxygen as suggested by George Oshawa or is getting concentrated to different degrees through some other phenomenon is not currently clear, The iron in the carbon residue was also analyzed mass spectrometrically for the abundance of its various isotopes, and the results were more or less the same as that of natural iron, Besides iron, the presence of other elements like silicon, nickel, aluminum, and chromium was also determined in the carbon residue, and it was found that the variation of their concentrations followed the same pattern as that of iron.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SinghMverificati.pdf
3743	Journal Article	Simons, J. K., Flanagan, T. B.	1965	Absorption Isotherms of H in the Alpha-Phase of the H-Pd System	J. Phys. Chem., Vol = 69					Absorption Isotherms of H in the Alpha-Phase of the H-Pd System	PdH, pressure, thermodynamic, resistivity
3742	Journal Article	Simons, J. W., Flanagan, T. B.	1965	Effects of the Electronic Band Shape of Palladium Metal on the Proton Model for Hydrogen Absorption	Canadian J. Chem., Vol = 43					Effects of the Electronic Band Shape of Palladium Metal on the Proton Model for Hydrogen Absorption	Pd, H, Density Of States, theory
3741	Journal Article	Simanek, E.	1990	Quantum tunnelling through a fluctuating barrier. Enhancement of cold-fusion rate	Physica A, Vol = 164					Quantum tunnelling through a fluctuating barrier. Enhancement of cold-fusion rate	theory, tunnelling
3740	Journal Article	Silvera, I. F., Moshary, E.	1990	Deuterated palladium at temperatures from 4.3 to 400K and pressures to 105 kbar: search for cold fusion	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 42, Num = 14, Page = 9143					Deuterated palladium at temperatures from 4.3 to 400K and pressures to 105 kbar: search for cold fusion	PdD, high pressure, loading low temperature
3739	Conference Proceedings	Silver, D. S., Dash, J.	1998	Surface Studies of Palladium After Interaction with Hydrogen Isotopes	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 351	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Surface Studies of Palladium After Interaction with Hydrogen Isotopes	Pd, electrolysis, surface analysis, D2O, transmutation, ICCF-7	Several pairs of cold rolled palladium cathodes (40 microm thick) were electrolyzed in series for various times up to six minutes. One of each pair was in light water electrolyte and the other in heavy water electrolyte. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies performed six months after electrolysis of the heavy water cathodes revealed asperities, craters, and nodules, suggesting that localized melting and recrystallization had occurred, as we reported previously on specimens electrolyzed for longer times. AFM studies 1 .5 years later revealed loose, nanometer-sized particles, indicating that the heavy water cathodes continued to change during storage, long after electrolysis was performed, which we also reported previously on other cathodes. The morphology of palladium cathodes electrolyzed in light water electrolyte remained nearly identical to that of the unelectrolyzed control, even two years after electrolysis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=351
3738	Journal Article	Silver, D. S., Dash, J., Keefe, P. S.	1993	Surface topography of a palladium cathode after electrolysis in heavy water	Fusion Technol., Vol = 24					Surface topography of a palladium cathode after electrolysis in heavy water	Pd, electrolysis, surface analysis, tritium, neutron, gamma emission, transmutation
3737	Conference Proceedings	SIF	1991	The Science of Cold Fusion	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion'		Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	The Science of Cold Fusion		Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF-2)	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf
3736	Journal Article	Siegmann, H. C., Schlapbach, L., Brundle, C. R.	1978	Self-restoring of the active surface in the hydrogen sponge LaNi5	Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol = 40					Self-restoring of the active surface in the hydrogen sponge LaNi5	LaNi5, D, H, surface, loading, Magnetic Susceptibility
3735	Journal Article	Shyam, A.	2000	Strange behavior of tritiated natural water	Fusion Technol., Vol = 37					Strange behavior of tritiated natural water	critique tritium
3734	Journal Article	Shyam, A., Kaushik, T. C.	1998	Absence of neutron emission during interaction of deuterium with metal at low energies	Pramana, Vol = 50					Absence of neutron emission during interaction of deuterium with metal at low energies	Pd, electrolysis, D2O, neutron
3733	Conference Proceedings	Shyam, A., Srinivasan, M., Kaushik, T. C., Kulkarni, L. V.	1995	Observation of High Multiplicity Bursts of Neutrons During Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Palladium Cathode Using the Dead-Time Filtering Technique	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 181	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France		April 9-13, 1995	Observation of High Multiplicity Bursts of Neutrons During Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Palladium Cathode Using the Dead-Time Filtering Technique	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, neutron, ICCF-5	A series of experiments were carried out to detect production of neutrons from a commercial (Milton Roy) palladium-nickel electrolytic cell operated with 0.1 M LiOH or LiOD as the electrolyte at a current density of ~ 80 mA/cm2. Neutron emission was monitored using a bank of 16 BF3 detectors embedded in a cylindrical moderator assembly. A dead-time filtering technique was employed to detect the presence of neutron “bursts” if any and characterize the multiplicity distribution of such neutron bursts. It was found that with an operating Pd-D2O cell located in the centre of the neutron detection set-up, the daily average neutron count rate increased by about 9% throughout a one month period, over the background value of ~ 2386 counts/day indicating an average daily neutron production of ~ 2220 neutrons/day by the cell. In addition analysis of the deadtime filtered counts data indicated that about 6.5% of these neutrons were emitted in the form of bursts of 20 to 100 neutrons each. On an average there were an additional 6 burst events per day during electrolysis with LiOD over the daily average background burst rate of 1.7 bursts/day. The frequency of occurrence of burst events as well as their multiplicity was significantly higher with D2O + LiOD in the cell when compared with background runs as also light water 'control' runs.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ShyamAobservatio.pdf
3732	Book Section	Shyam, A., Srinivasan, M., Degwekar, S. B., Kulkarni, L. V.	1989	Multiplicity Distribution of Neutron Emission in Cold Fusion Experiments	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion	Iyengar, P. K., Srinivasan, M.	Atomic Energy Commission	Bombay		Multiplicity Distribution of Neutron Emission in Cold Fusion Experiments	neutron, tritium, Pd, D		1500
3731	Journal Article	Shunjin, W.	1991	Effect of Coulomb screening on deuterium-deuterium fusion cross section	Gaoneng Wuli Yu Hewuli, Vol = 15, Num = 8, Page = 761 (in Chinese)					Effect of Coulomb screening on deuterium-deuterium fusion cross section	theory, Gamow
3730	Conference Proceedings	Shrikhande, V. K., Kaushik, T. C., Auluck, S. K. H., Shyam, A., Srinivasan, M.	1995	Preliminary Results on the Variation of Electrical Resistance of TiDx Wire With Deuterium Concentration	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 465	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Preliminary Results on the Variation of Electrical Resistance of TiDx Wire With Deuterium Concentration	TiD, resistance, resistivity, ICCF-5	Experiments have been carried out to study the variation and reproducibility of electrical resistance as a functiol1 of the deuterium concentration (D/Ti) in titanium wires. Deuterium loading is carried out in a series of steps by passing a D.C. current to ohmically heat the sample for some time in D2 gas until a measurable quantity is absorbed. After every loading, the wire resistance and decrease in the gas pressure are measured at room temperature using a four probe resistance meter (?0.2% accuracy) and an oil manometer respectively. Significantly, it is observed that an apparently simple property like electrical resistance is not easily reproducible. The pre loading heat treatment and residual gases in high vacuum appear to play an important role on the behaviour of the resistance in TiDx. The preliminary results also suggest that this property may not be useful in estimating the deuterium content in titanium.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=270
3729	Book Section	Shrikhande, V. K., Mittal, K. C.	1989	Deuteration of Machined Titanium Targets for Cold Fusion Experiments	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion	Iyengar, P. K., Srinivasan, M.	Atomic Energy Commission	Bombay		Deuteration of Machined Titanium Targets for Cold Fusion Experiments	Ti, loading	Cold fusion experiments were initiated with solid targets made from titanium loaded with deuterium gas on receipt of reports of the successful Frascati experiments1. The absorption of deuterium by Ti is a reversible process and when titanium is heated in a deuterium atmosphere, the reaction will continue until the concentration of deuterium in the metal attains an equilibrium value. This equilibrium value depends on the specimen temperature and the pressure of the surrounding deuterium atmosphere. Any imposed temperature or pressure change causes rejection or absorption of deuterium until a new equilibrium state is achieved. If the surface of titanium is clean, the rate of absorption increases rapidly with temperature. At temperatures above 500?, the equilibrium is achieved in a matter of a few seconds. However deuterium absorption is considerably reduced if the surface of Ti is contaminated with oxygen. Keeping in view these facts, a procedure was evolved for titanium target preparation and subsequent deuteration. The following sections describe the details of preparation of the targets, their chemical cleaning and degassing followed by deuteration process.	1500 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Shrikhandedeuteratio.pdf
3728	Journal Article	Shoulders, K. R.	2001	Permittivity Transitions	J. New Energy, Vol = 5, Num = 2, Page = 121					Rescued thanks to the Wayback Machine	electron cluster, EV, black EV, soliton, permittivity, entanglement	Highly organized, micron-sized clusters of electrons, or EVs, having soliton behaviour, with electron populations on the order of Avogadro's number are represented as the necessary function for modifying the permittivity of space in a downward direction. The state of existence for this entity reduces its expressed charge by many orders of magnitude below that calculated for the same number and volume of uncontained electrons. The EV is shown to exist in at least two distinct modes of charge masking, with one of them, the black EV, being virtually undetectable using sensitive methods. A form of inertial propulsion will be discussed that arises from the inertial rectification affects available by modulating the state of the EV, thereby the permittivity of space and concomitant inertia or effective mass of material moving through space. It will be shown that the same type of permittivity change through EV modulation can achieve a unidirectional current flow and that this gives rise to methods for generating monopole affects and vector potentials useful for communication outside the usual current loop generating them. Consideration will be given to a form of pseudo particle entanglement arising from the tight and pseudo-quantized coupling between the EV structures. Complex organisms are discussed composed entirely of EV structures that are self-formed at electronic rates without using either mechanical or chemical methods. Some speculations will be made on the benefits of operating such complex entities in regions of greatly reduced permittivity. A condensed matter dissolution technique will be shown that is capable of cold dissociation of refractory material into a low viscosity fluid. The root process for energy conversion methods resembling 'cold fusion' are reviewed and shown to likely spring from the same EV technology capable of producing a modified space permittivity. Consideration will be given to experimental methods for testing affects on time at greatly reduced levels of permittivity.	http://www.svn.net/krscfs/Permittivity Transitions.pdf
3727	Conference Proceedings	Shoulders, K. R., Shoulders, S.	1999	Charge clusters in action	Conference on Future Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 1		Integrity Research Institute	Bethesda, MD	4/29-5/1 1999	Charge clusters in action	transmutation, charge cluster electron cluster EV
3726	Journal Article	Shoulders, K. R., Shoulders, S.	1996	Observations on the role of charge clusters in nuclear cluster reactions	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 111					Observations on the role of charge clusters in nuclear cluster reactions	charge cluster, EV transmutation, Pd, Dash, critique, theory
3725	Patent	Shoulders, K. R.	1991	Patents	J. Mater. Sci. Lett., Vol = 9			US Patent 5,018,180 (1991); 5,054,046 (1991); 5,054,047 (1991); 5,123,039 (1992) and 5,148,461 (1992)		Tertiary Patents	charge cluster patent
3724	Journal Article	Shohoji, N.	1990	Unique features of hydrogen in palladium metal lattice: hints for discussing the possible occurrence of cold nuclear fusion	J. Mater. Sci. Lett., Vol = 9					Unique features of hydrogen in palladium metal lattice: hints for discussing the possible occurrence of cold nuclear fusion	discussion, Ce, Au, Ni
3723	Journal Article	Shkedi, Z.	1996	Response to 'Comments on 'Calorimetry, excess heat, and Faraday efficiency in Ni-H2O electrolytic cells''	Fusion Technol., Vol = 30					Response to 'Comments on 'Calorimetry, excess heat, and Faraday efficiency in Ni-H2O electrolytic cells''	critique, Good
3722	Journal Article	Shkedi, Z., McDonald, R. C., Breen, J. J., Maguire, S. J., Veranth, J.	1995	Calorimetry, excess heat, and Faraday efficiency in Ni-H2O electrolytic cells	Fusion Technol., Vol = 28					Calorimetry, excess heat, and Faraday efficiency in Ni-H2O electrolytic cells	Ni, H2O, recombination, heat, electrolysis, critique
3721	Conference Proceedings	Shirakawa, T., Fujii, M., Chiba, M., Sueki, K., Ikebe, T., Yamaoka, S., Miura, H., Watanabe, T., Hirose, T., Nakahara, H., Utsumi, M.	1993	Particle Acceleration and Neutron Emission in a Fracture Process of a Piezoelectric Material	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 6		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Particle Acceleration and Neutron Emission in a Fracture Process of a Piezoelectric Material	fractofusion, LiNbO3, D2, ICCF-4, H2
3720	Journal Article	Shirakawa, T., Chiba, M., Fujii, M., Sueki, K., Miyamoto, S., Nakamitsu, Y., Toriumi, H., Uehara, T., Miura, H., Watanabe, T., Fukushima, K., Hirose, T., Seimiya, T., Nakahara, H.	1993	A neutron emission from lithium niobate fracture	Chem. Lett.					A neutron emission from lithium niobate fracture	fractofusion, ball mill LiNbO, neutron, titanium Pd
3719	Conference Proceedings	Shirakawa, T., Chiba, M., Fujii, M., Sueki, K., Miyamoto, S., Nakamitsu, Y., Toriumi, H., Uehara, T., Miura, H., Watanabe, T., Fukushima, K., Hirose, T.	1992	Neutron Emission from Crushing Process of High Piezoelectric Matter in Deuterium Gas	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 469	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Neutron Emission from Crushing Process of High Piezoelectric Matter in Deuterium Gas	LiNbO3, D2, fractofusion, neutron, ball mill, ICCF-3	We studied neutron emission from a crushing process of a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) single crystal in deuterium gas atmosphere. We observed excess neutrons 3 counts / h with a confidence level of 99.95% that correspond 120 neutrons / h emission from process.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=207
3718	Journal Article	Shirai, O., Kihara, S., Sohrin, Y., Matsui, M.	1991	Some experimental results relating to cold nuclear fusion	Bull. Inst. Chem. Res., Kyoto Univ., Vol = 69					Some experimental results relating to cold nuclear fusion	co-deposition, Pd, electrolysis, heat+, gamma emission
3717	Journal Article	Shioe, Y., Mondal, N. N., Chiba, M., Hirose, T., Fujii, M., Nakahara, H., Sueki, K., Shirakawa, T., Utsumi, M.	1999	Measurement of neutron production rate regarding the quantity of LiNbO3 in the fracturing process under D2 atmosphere	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, Vol = 112 A					Measurement of neutron production rate regarding the quantity of LiNbO3 in the fracturing process under D2 atmosphere	fractofusion, D2, LiNbO3, ball mill, neutron
3716	Conference Proceedings	Shinojima, H., Nishioka, T., Shikano, K., Kanbe, H.	1996	Detection for Nuclear Products in Transport Experiments of Deuterium through Palladium Metals	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 351	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Detection for Nuclear Products in Transport Experiments of Deuterium through Palladium Metals	Pd, ion bombardment, ICCF-6	To investigate the possibility of deuterium-deuterium nuclear fusion in a palladium metal, we carried out two kinds of experiments: low-energy deuterium ion bombardments with deuterated palladium, and deuterium transport through palladium. In the bombardment experiments, the cross sections for d(d,p)t reactions were measured to be less than 1.5 x 10-11 b at an ion energy of 2 keV. Measured branching ratios between d(d,p)t and d(d,niHe were unity in the ion energy range between 2 and 40 keY, even though the deuterium-deuterium nuclear fusion occurred in palladium. We also estimated the minimum detectable values for the charged-particle detection system, NE213 nuclear detector system, 3He counter, and a quadrupole mass-spectroscope system used in both the experiments. In the deuterium transport experiments, we tried to detect nuclear fusion products by using these detector systems placed in a vacuum chamber which extracted deuterium from the sample palladium. Any extraordinary nuclear products, however, could not be observed in the experiments carried out under various temperature variations and for various modifications of palladium surfaces.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=366
3715	Conference Proceedings	Shinojima, H., Hishioka, T., Shikano, K., Kanbe, H.	1995	Studies of d-d Reactions in Deuterated Palladium by Using Low-Energy Deuterium Ion Bombardment	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 255	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Studies of d-d Reactions in Deuterated Palladium by Using Low-Energy Deuterium Ion Bombardment	ion bombardment, D2, PdD, branching ratio, energy, ICCF-5	The cross sections and branching ratios of d+d reactions were measured as a function of deuteron energy by using low-energy deuterium ion bombardment. The branching ratio of d(d,3He)n to d(d,p)t were found to be one to one at energies from 2.5 keV to 20 keV in the CM frame. The reaction rate of d(d,p)t at 2.5 keV was four orders of magnitude less than that at 20 keV. These energy dependences were good agreement with those extrapolated from measurements of the d+d reaction which was derived by the high-energy (mega-electron-volts) deuterium ion bombardments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=56
3714	Journal Article	Shimamura, I.	1989	Intramolecular nuclear fusion in hydrogen-isotope molecules	Prog. Theor. Phys., Vol = 82					Intramolecular nuclear fusion in hydrogen-isotope molecules	theory, Born-Oppenheimer, p-d fusion
3713	Conference Proceedings	Shikano, K., Shinojima, H., Kanbe, H.	1995	D2 Release Process From Deuterated Palladium in a Vacuum	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 251	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	D2 Release Process From Deuterated Palladium in a Vacuum	Pd, deloading, D2, heat, layer, resistivity Au-Pd-Au Ag-Pd-MnOx, ICCF-5	To enhance reproducibility of the phenomena taking place in deuterated palladium, we studied in detail the change in surface temperature, electrical resistance, and D2 pressure during the release of D2 from deuterated palladium in a vacuum. As a result, we categorized the temperature changes into three different types that were independent of coating materials. In almost all experiments, the resistance decreased and the D2 pressure initially increased briefly and then gradually decreased in the D2 release process. We also tried to simulate the temperature changes by calculating the balance between Joule heat and heat dispersion. Pd plates were loaded with D and some were coated with a diffusion barrier (Au/Pd/Au, Ag/Pd/MnOx). Plate heated in vacuum while resistance, temperature and D pressure measured. Temperature showed three different behaviors independent of coating, one of which showed a temperature spike.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=52
3712	Journal Article	Shibata, T., Imamura, M., Shibata, S., Uwamino, Y., Ohkubo, T., Satoh, S., Yamakoshi, K., Oyama, N., Ohsaka, T., Yamamoto, N., Hatozaki, O., Niimura, N.	1992	A low background neutron measuring system and its application to the detection of neutrons produced by the D2O electrolysis	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, Vol = 316					A low background neutron measuring system and its application to the detection of neutrons produced by the D2O electrolysis	neutron, method, electrolysis, Pd, tritium, D2O
3711	Journal Article	Shibab-Eldin, A. A., Rasmussen, J. O., Justice, M., Stoyer, M. A.	1989	Cold fusion: effects of possible narrow nuclear resonance	Mod. Phys. Lett. B, Vol = 3					Cold fusion: effects of possible narrow nuclear resonance	theory
3710	Journal Article	Sherfey, J. M., Brenne, A.	1958	Electrochemical Calorimetry	J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol = 105, Num = 11, Page = 665					Electrochemical Calorimetry	method, heat
3709	Journal Article	Shen, G., Li, S., Jing, W., Sui, Q., Li, Z., Yang, Z.	1991	The efficiency calculation of a low background neutron detection system	Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu (Atomic Energy Science and Technology), Vol = 25					The efficiency calculation of a low background neutron detection system	neutron, method
3708	Journal Article	Shelton, D. S., Hansen, L. D., Thorne, J. M., Jones, S. E.	1997	An assessment of claims of 'excess heat' in 'cold fusion' calorimetry	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 297					An assessment of claims of 'excess heat' in 'cold fusion' calorimetry	critique, heat
3707	Journal Article	Sheldon, E.	2008	An overview of almost 20 years' research on cold fusion	Contemporary Physics, Vol = 49, Num = 5					An overview of almost 20 years' research on cold fusion	review
3706	Journal Article	Shaw, G. L., Shin, M., Bland, R. W., Fonda, L., Matis, H. S., Pugh, H. G., Slansky, R.	1989	Scenario for cold fusion by free quark catalysis	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, Vol = 102					Scenario for cold fusion by free quark catalysis	theory, quark
3705	Journal Article	Shapovalov, V. L.	1989	Test for additional heat evolution in electrolysis of heavy water with palladium cathode	JETP, Vol = 50					Test for additional heat evolution in electrolysis of heavy water with palladium cathode	heat-, D2O, H2O, electrolysis, Pd
3704	Journal Article	Shapira, D., Saltmarsh, M.	2002	Nuclear Fusion in Collapsing Bubbles -- Is It There? An Attempt to Repeat the Observation of Nuclear Emissions from Sonoluminescence	Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol = 89, Num = 10, Page = 104302-1					Nuclear Fusion in Collapsing Bubbles -- Is It There? An Attempt to Repeat the Observation of Nuclear Emissions from Sonoluminescence	Sonofusion
3703	Journal Article	Shanley, E. S.	1995	The simplest explanation	Chem. Health & Saf., Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 4					The simplest explanation	Polemic, SRI explosion, critique
3702	Newspaper Article	Shankland, S.	1994	Storms: Interest in cold fusion resurging	Los Alamos Monitor			Los AlamosEditor		173 Storms: Interest in cold fusion resurging	newspaper, history
3701	Journal Article	Shani, G., Cohen, C., Grayevsky, A., Brokman, A.	1989	Evidence for a background neutron enhanced fusion in deuterium absorbed palladium	Solid State Commun., Vol = 72, Num = 1, Page = 53					Evidence for a background neutron enhanced fusion in deuterium absorbed palladium	Pd, D2, neutron, application, enhanced fusion
3700	Journal Article	Shanahan, K.	2005	Reply to 'Comment on papers by K. Shanahan that propose to explain anomalous heat generated by cold fusion,' E. Storms	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 441					Reply to 'Comment on papers by K. Shanahan that propose to explain anomalous heat generated by cold fusion,' E. Storms	Calorimeter, method
3699	Journal Article	Shanahan, K.	2005	Comments on Thermal behavior of polarized Pd/D electrodes prepared by co-deposition	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 428					Comments on Thermal behavior of polarized Pd/D electrodes prepared by co-deposition	Calorimeter, method
3698	Report	Shanahan, K.	2003	A Critique of the Student's Guide To Cold Fusion	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 387, Num = 2, Page = 95-101		LENR-CANR.org			A Critique of the Student's Guide To Cold Fusion	Critique	Dr. Edmund Storms has just released a new paper on cold fusion (CF, aka LENR, or CANR) that contains a section (in Chapter 8) that purports to address the issues I raise with cold fusion calorimetry in my paper and spf comments. I would like to address those comments dealing with my 'calibration constant shift' (CCS) proposal to illustrate why they are incorrect.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ShanahanKacritiqueo.pdf
3697	Journal Article	Shanahan, K.	2002	A Possible Calorimetric Error in Heavy Water Electrolysis on Platinum	Thermochim. Acta, Vol = 387, Num = 2, Page = 95-101					A Possible Calorimetric Error in Heavy Water Electrolysis on Platinum	error, heat critique	A systematic error in mass flow calorimetry calibration procedures potentially capable of explaining most positive excess power measurements is described. Data recently interpreted as providing evidence of the Pons-Fleischmann effect with a platinum cathode are reinterpreted with the opposite conclusion. This indicates it is premature to conclude platinum displays a Pons and Fleischmann effect, and places the requirement to evaluate the error's magnitude on all mass flow calorimetric experiments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ShanahanKapossiblec.pdf
3696	Journal Article	Shamoo, A. E.	2000	Editorial	Accountability Res., Vol = 8					Editorial	history critique	Before 1996, when I gave lectures on responsible conduct of research or research ethics, I used to emphasize the importance of ensuring in biomedical research the quality and integrity of research data. My reason for emphasizing this point was that, as opposed to situations associated with maintaining comparable standards in clinical trials, in which existing funding levels allow for the possibility that particular experiments will be repeated, in biomedical research, one cannot obtain funding to repeat research experiments that are large and expensive. For this reason, it was (and has remained) imperative that instances of possible fraud, misconduct and sloppy work be reduced from the outset. Because of limited funding, as a consequence, the self-correcting process of science may not be operative in these areas. I then used to end this part of my discussion by citing how in cold fusion research, and because of the potential significance and impact of the particular claims associated with this area, the self-correcting nature of science worked. The cold fusion experiments have been repeated dozens of times without success. The conclusion was that they were proven to be wrong. However, I was basing my conclusion on the numerous reports in newspapers and scientific magazines but not on any readings of the original literature.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ShamooAEeditorial.pdf
3695	Journal Article	Shaheen, M., Ragheb, M.	1992	Anomalous deuteron to hydrogen ratio in naturally occurring fission reactions and the possibility of deuteron disintegration	J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Vol = 158					Anomalous deuteron to hydrogen ratio in naturally occurring fission reactions and the possibility of deuteron disintegration	geology, theory
3694	Conference Proceedings	Shaheen, M., Ragheb, M., Miley, G. H., Hora, H., Kelly, J.	1991	Anomalous Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Oklo Samples and Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 221	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Anomalous Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Oklo Samples and Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration	H/D, Oklo, ICCF-2, natural reactor	A hypothesis is presented to explain the anomalous D/H ratio observed in samples from the site of the naturally occurring fission reaction at Oklo . The experimentally observed D/H ratio of 127 ppm exceeds the naturally occurring value of 150 ppm. Further , using a multicomponent system consisting of hydrogen , deuterium , tritium and helium nuclei to model the Oklo reaction phenomenon and assuming a thermal fission process term , we calculate a D/H rat io of 445 ppm in the presence of the thermal neutron fluence attributed to Oklo. However, solving the same rate equations with a deuterium sink term to represent the hypothes is of deuteron disintegration , we find a deuteron disintegration constant of 7.47 x 10^-14 s^-1 yields the observed D/H ratio . Indeed , deuteron disintegration would provide a neutron source (in addition to the fission neutrons ) that could have driven the Oklo system as a subcritical (vs . a critical) reactor over the extended period attributed to it .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=236
3693	Book	Shackelford, J. F.	1964	CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook Diffusion of metals into metalsShackelford, J.F	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, \'Frontiers of Cold Fusion\', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 507					CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook Diffusion of metals into metalsShackelford, J.F	diffusion, Pd
3692	Conference Proceedings	Sevilla, J., Escarpizo, B., Fernandez, F., Cuevas, F., Sanchez, C.	1992	Time-Evolution of Tritium Concentration in the Electrolyte of Prolonged Cold Fusion Experiments and its Relation to Ti Cathode Surface Treatment	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 507	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Time-Evolution of Tritium Concentration in the Electrolyte of Prolonged Cold Fusion Experiments and its Relation to Ti Cathode Surface Treatment	titanium, tritium, D2O, separation method ICCF-3 separation factor electrolysis	Tritium concentration in the electrolyte has been carefully monitored in more than twenty electrolytic cold fusion experiments accomplished in open cells. In order to distinguish between T-natural enrichment (isotopic enrichment) and any other T source inside the cell a macroscopic theoretical model is proposed to analyze the experimental data. It is concluded that T-concentration variations in the electrolyte above the level due to natural enrichment can be detected with confidence and therefore that open-cell experiments are convenient to investigate T -production. In addition, some empirical correlations between model parameters (measured separation factors) and cathode surface treatments prior to experiment have been found. An equation that calculates tritium enrichment in open D2O electrolytic cells is given. Several open cells are analyzed using this equation and found to produce tritium.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=245
3691	Journal Article	Sevilla, J., Fernandez, F., Escarpizo, B., Sanchez, C.	1991	Some characteristics of titanium and palladium samples used in cold fusion experiments	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19					Some characteristics of titanium and palladium samples used in cold fusion experiments	surface analysis, titanium, electrolysis, D2, pressure, Pd, T/n
3690	Newspaper Article	Service, A. W.	1989	New Tomorrow Dawns As LANL Confirms Cold Fusion	The New Mexican			Santa FeEditor		New Tomorrow Dawns As LANL Confirms Cold Fusion	history, newspaper
3689	Journal Article	Seo, M., Aomi, M.	1992	Piezelectric response to surface stress change of a palladium electrode in sulfate aqueous solutions	J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol = 139, Num = 4, Page = 1087					Piezelectric response to surface stress change of a palladium electrode in sulfate aqueous solutions	loading,, Pd
3688	Journal Article	Senjuh, T., Kamimura, H., Uehara, T., Sumi, M., Miyashita, S., Sigemitsu, T., Asami, N.	1997	Experimental study of electrochemical deuterium loading of Pd cathodes in the LiOD/D2O system	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 253-254					Experimental study of electrochemical deuterium loading of Pd cathodes in the LiOD/D2O system	loading, Pd, PdD, resistivity, electrolysis, D2O
3687	Conference Proceedings	Senjuh, T., Kamimura, H., Uehara, T., Asami, N., Mori, K., Sigemitsu, T.	1996	Study of Material Processing and Treatment for High Deuterium-Loading	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 59	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Study of Material Processing and Treatment for High Deuterium-Loading	loading, Pd, D2O, current density ICCF-6, electrolysis	The electrochemical deuterium loading behavior of Pd cathodes in LiOD/D20 system has been studied experimentally using a resistance measurement method. The material conditions of Pd cathodes significantly affect the attainable DlPd loading ratio. In addition, the DlPd is affected by the applied current density profile, pattern of increasing current and anodic treatments. As a result of the experiments, it was concluded that higher annealing temperatures (-1000 deg C) result in higher DlPd. In addition, etching in aqua regia proved to be a better surface treatment than polishing. It was confirmed that using the pre-electrolysis treatments resulted in higher D/Pd. The electrolysis current pattern and anodic treatment cycles likewise affected the D/Pd. On the other hand the electrochemical hydrogen loading behavior of Pd cathode in LiOH/H2O system has been studied by a volume/weight measurement method. This shows analogous effects due to annealing as loading experiments with deuterium.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=74
3686	Journal Article	Semiletov, S. A., Baranov, R. V., Khodryev, Y. P., Imamov, R. M.	1980	Electron-Diffraction Investigation of Tetragonal PdH	Kristallografiya, Vol = 25					Electron-Diffraction Investigation of Tetragonal PdH	Pd, hydrogen Electron Diffraction, structure, Gamma Phase, PdH
3685	Journal Article	Seitz, R.	1989	Fusion in from the cold?' (section editor's title)	Nature (London), Vol = 339					Fusion in from the cold?' (section editor's title)	theory
3684	Journal Article	Seitchie, J. A., Gossard, A. C., Accarino, V. J	1964	Knight shifts and susceptibilities of transition metals: Palladium	Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., Vol = 136					Knight shifts and susceptibilities of transition metals: Palladium	susceptibility, Pd
3683	Journal Article	Seifritz, W.	2003	Letter to the Editor	Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 28					Letter to the Editor	Polemic
3682	Journal Article	Seifritz, W.	1996	Ein neuer Weg zur Nutzbarmachung der Kernfusion?['A new way of using nuclear fusion?']	Atomwirtsch. Atomtech., Vol = 41					Ein neuer Weg zur Nutzbarmachung der Kernfusion?['A new way of using nuclear fusion?']	Theory, sonoluminescence
3681	Journal Article	Seifritz, W.	1991	No end to cold fusion (Kalte Fusion und kein Ende)	GIT Fachz. Lab., Vol = 35					No end to cold fusion (Kalte Fusion und kein Ende)	theory
3680	Journal Article	Segre, S. E., Atzeni, S., Briguglio, S., Romanelli, F.	1990	A mechanism for neutron emission from deuterium trapped in metals	Europhys. Lett., Vol = 11					A mechanism for neutron emission from deuterium trapped in metals	theory, fractofusion
3679	Report	Segre, S. E., Batistoni, P., Bertalot, L., Bettinali, L., Martone, M.	1989	A Search for Neutron Emission from Deuterated Palladium	Acta Phys. Hung., Vol = 69					A Search for Neutron Emission from Deuterated Palladium	neutron, Pd, D
3678	Journal Article	Seeliger, D.	1991	Theoretical limits of nuclear fusion in condensed matter	Acta Phys. Hung., Vol = 69					Theoretical limits of nuclear fusion in condensed matter	theory
3677	Journal Article	Seeliger, D., Meister, A.	1991	A simple plasma model for the description of d-d fusion in condensed matter	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19					A simple plasma model for the description of d-d fusion in condensed matter	theory
3676	Conference Proceedings	Seeliger, D., Bittner, M., Meister, A., Schwierz, R., Streil, T.	1991	Evidence of Neutron Emission From a Titanium Deuterium System	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 175	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Evidence of Neutron Emission From a Titanium Deuterium System	neutron, titanium, D2 ICCF-2	Recently, a considerable number of experimental investigations have been carried out in different laboratories to determine, whether a possible catalysis of deuterium-deuterium fusion processes in condensed matter takes place or not. In some papers evidence was found for a week neutron production, similar as it was announced by Jones et al. for the electrolysis of heavy water using Titanium cathodes. Somewhat later the observation of neutron admission during the absorption of Deuterium gas in Titanium and other metals was announced, too. The present paper describes experiments aimed at the replication of the results obtained in [2, 3] for charging of Titanium with deuterons from the gas phase.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=190
3675	Journal Article	Seeliger, D.	1990	Physical problems of the investigations into nuclear fusion in condensed media	Isotopenpraxis, Vol = 26					Physical problems of the investigations into nuclear fusion in condensed media	review, theory
3674	Journal Article	Seeliger, D., Wiesener, K., Meister, A., Marten, H., Ohms, D., Rahner, D., Schwierz, R., Wuestner, P.	1989	Search for DD-fusion neutrons during heavy water electrolysis	Electrochim. Acta, Vol = 34, Num = 7, Page = 991					Search for DD-fusion neutrons during heavy water electrolysis	electrolysis, Pd, neutron, heat-, energy
3673	Journal Article	Searson, P. C.	1991	Hydrogen evolution and entry in palladium at high current density	Acta metall. Mater., Vol = 39					Hydrogen evolution and entry in palladium at high current density	diffusion, PdH, loading, Pd
3672	Journal Article	Scott, C. D., Mrochek, J. E., Scott, T. C., Michaels, G. E., Newman, E., Petek, M.	1990	Measurement of excess heat and apparent coincident increases in the neutron and gamma-ray count rates during the electrolysis of heavy water	Fusion Technol., Vol = 18					Measurement of excess heat and apparent coincident increases in the neutron and gamma-ray count rates during the electrolysis of heavy water	heat+, electrolysis, neutron, Pd gamma emission, tritium D2O, H2O
3671	Journal Article	Scott, C. D., Greenbaum, E., Michaels, G. E., Mrochek, J. E., Newman, E., Petek, M., Scott, T. C.	1990	Preliminary Investigation of Possible Low-Temperature Fusion	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 2, Page = 115					Preliminary Investigation of Possible Low-Temperature Fusion	Pd, D2O, gamma emission, heat+, neutron+
3670	Conference Proceedings	Scott, C. D., Mrochek, J. E., Scott, T. C., Michaels, G. E., Newman, E., Petek, M.	1990	The Initiation of Excess Power and Possible Products of Nuclear Interactions During the Electrolysis of Heavy Water	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 164	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	The Initiation of Excess Power and Possible Products of Nuclear Interactions During the Electrolysis of Heavy Water	Pd, D2O, heat+, neutron, ICCF-1, electrolysis	The electrolysis of heavy water is being investigated with an insulated flow calorimetric system. In each of a series of tests, the electrolyte was 0.1 to 1.0 LiOD in D2O and cylindrical palladium cathodes surrounded by wire-wound platinum anodes were used at cathode current densities of 100 to 800 mA/cm^2. The most recent test was made with a 'closed system' without off-gas in which the electrolysis gases were internally recombined. Fast neutrons and gamma rays were measured continuously during each test. It was shown that certain system perturbations could initiate and extend the generation of excess power. In one test, an apparent increase in the neutron count rate was also coincident with system perturbations.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ScottCDtheinitiat.pdf
3669	Report	Scott, C. D., Mrochek, J. E., Newman, E., Scott, T. C., Michaels, G. E., Petek, M.	1989	A preliminary investigation of cold fusion by electrolysis of heavy water	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = xiii			Oak Ridge		A preliminary investigation of cold fusion by electrolysis of heavy water	Pd, D2O, neutron, gamma, heat, tritium+, electrolysis
3668	Journal Article	Schwinger, J.	1994	Cold Fusion, A Brief History of Mine	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = xiii					Cold Fusion, A Brief History of Mine	theory
3667	Report	Schwinger, J.	1994	Energy Transfer In Cold Fusion and Sonoluminescence	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 4, Num = 4, Page = 1					Energy Transfer In Cold Fusion and Sonoluminescence Essay by J. Schwinger written shortly before his death in 1993.	theory
3666	Conference Proceedings	Schwinger, J.	1993	Cold Fusion, A Brief History of Mine	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 4, Num = 4, Page = 1		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Cold Fusion, A Brief History of Mine	theory, ICCF-4	As Polonius might have said: 'Neither a true-believer nor a disbeliever be.' From the very beginning in a radio broadcast on the evening of March 23, 1989, I have asked myself?ot whether Pons and Fleischmann are right about whether a mechanism can be identified that will produce nuclear energy by manipulations at the atomic-the chemical-level. Of course, the acceptance of that interpretation of their data is needed as a working hypothesis, in order to have quantitative tests of proposed mechanisms.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchwingerJcoldfusionb.pdf
3665	Journal Article	Schwinger, J.	1991	Nuclear energy in an atomic lattice	Prog. Theor. Phys., Vol = 85					Nuclear energy in an atomic lattice	theory, critique
3664	Journal Article	Schwinger, J.	1991	Cold fusion: Does it have a future?	Evol. Trends Phys. Sci., Proc. Yoshio Nishina Centen. Symp., Tokyo 1990, Vol = 57					Cold fusion: Does it have a future?	history, review	The case against the reality of cold fusion is outlined. It is based on preconceptions inherited from experience with hot fusion. That cold fusion refers to a different regime is emphasized. The new regime is characterized by intermittency in the production of excess heat, tritium and neutrons. A scenario is sketched, based upon the hypothesis that small segments of the lattice can absorb released nuclear energy.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchwingerJcoldfusiona.pdf
3663	Journal Article	Schwinger, J.	1990	Cold fusion: a hypothesis	Z. Naturforsch. A, Vol = 45A					Cold fusion: a hypothesis	theory, p-d fusion
3662	Journal Article	Schwinger, J.	1990	Nuclear energy in an atomic lattice. 1	Z. Phys. D: At., Mol. Clusters, Vol = 15					Nuclear energy in an atomic lattice. 1	theory, p-d fusion
3661	Conference Proceedings	Schwinger, J.	1990	Nuclear Energy in an Atomic Lattice	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 130	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	Nuclear Energy in an Atomic Lattice	theory, d-p fusion, ICCF-1	The distinct nature of the cold fusion regime is emphasized: electromagnetic selection rules suppress radiation, permitting excess energy transference to the lattice; the coherent nature of the wave-function is at variance with the standard separation between barrier penetration and nuclear reactivity. The discussion is restricted to tritium production, based on the dd reaction that populates the first excited state of 4He, which decays into t+p, whereas the formation of 3He+n is energetically forbidden. Production rates compatible with the broad range of experimental results are realized within a narrow parametric interval. The great sensitivity to the physical circumstances is reminiscent of the reproducibility problems that have plagued this field.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchwingerJnuclearene.pdf
3660	Journal Article	Schultze, J. W., Koenig, U., Hochfeld, A., Van Calker, C., Kies, W.	1989	Prospects and problems of electrochemically induced cold nuclear fusion	Electrochim. Acta, Vol = 34					Prospects and problems of electrochemically induced cold nuclear fusion	review, critique, history
3659	Journal Article	Schultz, R., Kenny, J. P.	1999	Electronuclear catalysts and initiators: The di-neutron model for cold fusion	Infinite Energy, Vol = 5, Num = 29, Page = 58					Electronuclear catalysts and initiators: The di-neutron model for cold fusion	theory dineutron
3658	Journal Article	Schulte, U.	2002	Die 'Kalte Kernfusion' - ein wissenschaftlicher Artifakt [in German] ('Cold fusion' - a scientific artifact)	Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung, Vol = 142(14)					Die 'Kalte Kernfusion' - ein wissenschaftlicher Artifakt [in German] ('Cold fusion' - a scientific artifact)	Discussion
3657	Journal Article	Schuldiner, S., Castellan, G. W., Hoare, J. P.	1958	Electrochemical Behavior of the Palladium-Hydrogen System. I. Potential-Determining Mechanisms	J. Chem. Phys., Vol = 28					Electrochemical Behavior of the Palladium-Hydrogen System. I. Potential-Determining Mechanisms	Pd, H, Phase Diagram, loading, overvoltage
3656	Journal Article	Schrieder, G., Wipf, H., Richter, A.	1989	Search for cold nuclear fusion in palladium-deuterium	Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, Vol = 76					Search for cold nuclear fusion in palladium-deuterium	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, particle emission
3655	Conference Proceedings	Schreiber, M., Gur, T. M., Lucier, G., Ferrante, J. A., Chao, J., Huggins, R. A.	1990	Recent Measurements of Excess Energy Production in Electrochemical Cells Containing Heavy Water and Palladium	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 44	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	Recent Measurements of Excess Energy Production in Electrochemical Cells Containing Heavy Water and Palladium	heat+, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-1	This paper reports calorimetric experiments related to the energy breakeven issue during heavy water electrolysis using a Pd cathode in thermodynamically closed cells. A comparison with light water electrolysis under the same conditions is also given. Excess power has been observed in a number of cases in which the overall energy balance becomes positive after a short period, leading to the generation of significant amounts of excess energy. In one case, excess power was maintained over a period of ten days, and produced over 23 MJ of excess energy per mole of palladium.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=63
3654	Conference Proceedings	Schreiber, M., Gur, T. M., Lucier, G., Ferrante, J. A., Chao, J., Huggins, R. A.	1990	Recent Experimental Results on the Thermal Behavior of Electrochemical Cells in the Hydrogen-Palladium and Deuterium-Palladium Systems	8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf., Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 71		Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822	Honolulu, HI	July 22-27, 1990	Recent Experimental Results on the Thermal Behavior of Electrochemical Cells in the Hydrogen-Palladium and Deuterium-Palladium Systems	Pd, D2O, heat+, electrolysis, method	This paper reports calorimetric experiments related to the energy breakeven issue during heavy water electrolysis using a Pd cathode in thermodynamically closed cells. A comparison with light water electrolysis under the same conditions is also given. Excess power has been observed in a number of cases in which the overall energy balance becomes positive after a short period, leading to the generation of significant amounts of excess energy. In one case, excess power was maintained over a period of ten days, and produced over 23 MJ of excess energy per mole of palladium.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchreiberMrecentexpe.pdf
3653	Journal Article	Schommers, W., Politis, C.	1989	Cold fusion in condensed matter: is a theoretical description in terms of usual solid state physics possible?	Mod. Phys. Lett. B, Vol = 3, Num = 8, Page = 597					Cold fusion in condensed matter: is a theoretical description in terms of usual solid state physics possible?	theory
3652	Journal Article	Scholkmann, F., Nagel, D. J., DeChiaro, L.	2016	Electromagnetic Emission in the kHz to GHz Range Associated with Heat Production During Electrochemical Loading of Deuterium into Palladium: A Summary and Analysis of Results Obtained by Different Research Groups	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					325 Electromagnetic Emission in the kHz to GHz Range Associated with Heat Production During Electrochemical Loading of Deuterium into Palladium: A Summary and Analysis of Results Obtained by Different Research Groups	Electromagnetic emissions, Electromagnetic radiation, Excess power, LENR, Heat production	There is a small literature on the combination of low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) experiments and radiofrequencies (RF). The papers are worth attention in case they can teach anything about the mechanisms behind LENR. Application of RF to LENR electrochemical cells in the mid-1990s clearly showed increases in the production of excess power. More recently, RF have been measured in LENR cells. However, it is still possible that those data are artifacts of the operation of the system, and not indicative of LENR. It has been suggested that the appearance of RF in LENR experiments is the cause of LENR, and not merely a manifestation of such reactions. That possibility has significant implications. In the present paper, we summarize and analyze the results obtained by different research groups concerning the application and emission of RF in the kHz to GHz range associated with heat production during electrochemical loading of deuterium into palladium.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=333
3651	Journal Article	Scholkmann, F., Nagel, D. J.	2016	Is the Abundance of Elements in Earth's Crust Correlated with LENR Transmutation Rates?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					281 Is the Abundance of Elements in Earth's Crust Correlated with LENR Transmutation Rates?	Elements in Earth's crust, Low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR), Neutron scattering strength, Statistical analysis, Transmutation, Widom?arsen theory	Nuclear transmutations are reported in many low-energy nuclear reaction (LENR) experiments. We showed in a previous study (Scholkmann and Nagel, J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 13 (2014) 485?494) that (i) the transmutation data of three independent experiments have a similar pattern and (ii) this pattern correlates with a model-based on the prediction of Widom and Larsen (WL). In the present study, we extended our analysis and investigated whether the abundance of elements in Earth's crust is correlated with either (i) the WL-prediction, or (ii) the three LENR transmutation data sets. The first analysis revealed that there is no statistically significant correlation between these variables. The second analysis showed a significant correlation, but the correlation only reflects the trend of the data and not the peak-like pattern. This result strengthens the interpretation that the observed peak-like pattern in the transmutation data sets does not originate from contamination. Further implications of our study are discussed and a recommendation is given for future transmutation experiments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=289
3650	Journal Article	Scholkmann, F., Nagel, D. J.	2014	Statistical Analysis of Transmutation Data from Low-energy Nuclear Reaction Experiments and Comparison with a Model-based Prediction ofWidom and Larsen	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					485-494 Statistical Analysis of Transmutation Data from Low-energy Nuclear Reaction Experiments and Comparison with a Model-based Prediction ofWidom and Larsen	Low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR), Neutron scattering strength, Statistical analysis, Transmutation,Widom?arsen theory	Nuclear transmutations were reported in many low-energy nuclear reaction (LENR) experiments. In the present study, we analyzed (i) whether three available nuclear transmutation data sets show a consistent pattern and (ii) whether this pattern correlates with a model-based prediction ofWidom and Larsen. Our analysis revealed that the data sets (i) exhibit a similar pattern and (ii) correlate with the predicted function. The last three peaks as a function of atomic mass A (intervals: 64?70, 116?129, 191?208 A) were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the averaged data despite great differences in the experiments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=495
3649	Journal Article	Scholkmann, F., Mizuno, T., Nagel, D. J.	2012	Statistical Analysis of Unexpected Daily Variations in an Electrochemical Transmutation Experiment	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 8					37-48 Statistical Analysis of Unexpected Daily Variations in an Electrochemical Transmutation Experiment	Daily oscillations, Diurnal oscillations, Electrochemical transmutation, Ensemble empirical mode decomposition, Intrinsic mode functions, Low-energy nuclear reactions, Phase synchronization, Signal correlating	In two electrochemical transmutation experiments, unexpected oscillations in the recorded signals with a daily period were observed for deuterium/palladium loading ratio (D/Pd), temperature (T ) and pressure (P). The aim of the present study was to analyze the time courses of the signals of one of the experiments using an advanced signal-processing framework. The experiment was a high temperature (375 K), high pressure (750 kPa) and long-term (866 h . 35 days) electrochemical transmutation exploration done in 2008. The analysis was performed by (i) selecting the intervals of the D/Pd, T and P signals where the daily oscillations occurred, (ii) filtering the signals to remove low-frequency noise, (iii) analyzing the waveforms of the daily oscillations, (iv) applying Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) to decompose the signals into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), (v) performing a statistical test on the obtained IMFs in order to identify the physically most meaningful oscillation mode, (vi) performing an power spectral analysis, (vii) calculating the correlations between the signals, and (viii) determining the time-dependent phase synchronization between the signals. We found that (i) in all three signals (D/Pd, T and P) a clear daily oscillation was present while the current density J did not show such an oscillation, (ii) the daily oscillation in T and P had similar waveforms and where anti-correlated to the oscillation in D/Pd, (iii) D/Pd and T had the highest correlation (r = 0.7693), (iv) all three signals exhibited phase synchronization over the whole signal length while the strongest phase synchronization took place between D/Pd and T . Possible origins of the daily oscillation were discussed and implications for further investigations and experiments were outlined.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedg.pdf#page=43
3648	Journal Article	Schober, T., Thomas, G. J., Lasser, R., Jaager, W.	1984	The Observation of Cylindrical Cavities at Dislocations in Dilute Tritium-Charged Vanadium	Scr. Metall., Vol = 18					The Observation of Cylindrical Cavities at Dislocations in Dilute Tritium-Charged Vanadium	tritium, helium Vanadium
3647	Journal Article	Schober, T., Thomas, G. J., Lasser, R., Jaager, W.	1984	The Observation of Cylindrical Cavities at Dislocations in Dilute Tritium-Charged Vanadium	Scr. Metall., Vol = 18					The Observation of Cylindrical Cavities at Dislocations in Dilute Tritium-Charged Vanadium	tritium, helium Vanadium
3646	Journal Article	Schneider, J. H.	1989	How a rectangular potential in Schroedinger's equation could explain some experimental results on cold nuclear fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					How a rectangular potential in Schroedinger's equation could explain some experimental results on cold nuclear fusion	Theory, tunneling
3645	Journal Article	Schmidt, S.	1995	Cold Fusion Conundrum	Analog Science Fiction and Fact, Vol = Jan					Cold Fusion Conundrum	history
3644	Conference Proceedings	Schlapbach, L.	1991	Hydrogen and Its Isotopes in and on Metals	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 409	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Hydrogen and Its Isotopes in and on Metals	Pd, LaNi5, density of states, diffusion, H, surface analysis, ICCF-2	A summary description is given of phenomena related to the surface adsorption and bulk absorption of hydrogen and of its isotopes by a metallic host. Thermodynamic and surface properties, electronic and crystal structure and diffusion are illustrated for the examples of the hydride formation of Pd and of LaNis as typical examples of hydride forming elemental metals and intermetallic compounds.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=424
3643	Journal Article	Schlapbach, L., Burger, J. P., Bonnet, J. E., Thiry, P., Petroff, Y.	1987	Surface Semiconductor-Metal Transition in Rare Earth Hydrides at Low Temperatures	Surf. Sci., Vol = 189-190					Surface Semiconductor-Metal Transition in Rare Earth Hydrides at Low Temperatures	photoelectron, bonding, CeH, LaH, GdH, TbH
3642	Journal Article	Schlapbach, L., Ott, H. R., Felder, E., Rudigier, H., Thiry, P., Bonnet, J. E., Petroff, Y., Burger, J. P.	1986	Low Temperature Electronic Properties of Cerium Hydrides	J. Less-Common Met.					Low Temperature Electronic Properties of Cerium Hydrides	bonding, density Of States, CeH
3641	Journal Article	Schlapbach, L., Riesterer, T.	1984	The Composition of the Surface Properties of FeTi and Fe2Ti4Ox in View of the Different Hydrogen Sorption Behaviours	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 101					The Composition of the Surface Properties of FeTi and Fe2Ti4Ox in View of the Different Hydrogen Sorption Behaviours	surface, hydrogen, Fe-Ti, Fe-Ti-O
3640	Journal Article	Schlapbach, L., Burger, J. P.	1982	A New XPS/UPS Study of the Electronic Structure of PdH0.6	J. Phys., Lett., Vol = 43					A New XPS/UPS Study of the Electronic Structure of PdH0.6	PdH, H2, structure, Density Of States
3639	Journal Article	Schlapbach, L., Seiler, A., Stucki, F., Siegmann, H. C.	1980	Surface Effects and the Formation of Metal Hydrides	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 73					Surface Effects and the Formation of Metal Hydrides	surface, hydrogen, LaNi5, review
3638	Journal Article	Schirber, J. E., Butler, M. A., Ginley, D. S., Ewing, R. I.	1989	Search for cold fusion in high-pressure deuterium-loaded titanium and palladium metal and deuteride	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					Search for cold fusion in high-pressure deuterium-loaded titanium and palladium metal and deuteride	titanium, Pd, D2, neutron
3637	Journal Article	Schirber, J. E., Morosin, B.	1975	Lattice Constants of Beta-Pd-Hx and Beta-PdDx with x Near 1.0	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 12					Lattice Constants of Beta-Pd-Hx and Beta-PdDx with x Near 1.0	Pd, H, D, Lattice Parameter
3636	Journal Article	Schirber, J. E., Northrup, C. J. M.	1974	Concentration Dependence of the Superconducting Transition Temperature In Pd-H and Pd-D	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 10					Concentration Dependence of the Superconducting Transition Temperature In Pd-H and Pd-D	superconductivity, Pd, H, D
3635	Journal Article	Schilling, K. D., Gippner, P., Seidel, W., Stary, F., Wohlfarth, D.	1990	Search for charged-particle emission from deuterated palladium foils	Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl., Vol = 336					Search for charged-particle emission from deuterated palladium foils	particle emission, Pd, D2
3634	Newspaper Article	Schaller, C.	1990	Scientists Seeing Results in Cold Fusion	Monitor			Los AlamosEditor		27 Scientists Seeing Results in Cold Fusion	history, newspaper
3633	Newspaper Article	Schaller, C.	1990	Scientists Careful in Fusion Finds	Monitor			Los AlamosEditor		Scientists Careful in Fusion Finds	history, newspaper
3632	Newspaper Article	Schaller, C.	1990	Scientist Convinced Process is Nuclear	Los Alamos Monitor			Los AlamosEditor		Scientist Convinced Process is Nuclear	history, newspaper
3631	Newspaper Article	Schaller, C.	1990	Fusion Lecturer Cold To Press	Los Alamos Monitor			Los AlamosEditor		Fusion Lecturer Cold To Press	history, newspaper
3630	Journal Article	Schaffer, M.	1997	What is the current scientific thinking on cold fusion?	Scientific American, Vol = on line					What is the current scientific thinking on cold fusion?	review
3629	Journal Article	Scarborough, T., Duncan, R., McKubre, M. C. H., Violante, V.	2016	The Center to Study Anomalous Heat Effects [AHE] at Texas Tech University	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					274 The Center to Study Anomalous Heat Effects [AHE] at Texas Tech University	Calorimetry, Cryogenic, Electrochemistry, Heat-helium, Spectroscopy	The Center for Emerging Energy Sciences at Texas Tech University (CEES) has been established to explore critical parameters in the observation of the anomalous heat effects (AHE). A large number of experiments report the production of heat from metal samples loaded with hydrogen or deuterium in amounts that are often thousands of times greater than the enthalpies of possible chemical reactions. The effect is anomalous because there is no agreed-to mechanism, and particle radiation rates are not reported at levels that are consistent with any known nuclear process.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=282
3628	Conference Proceedings	Scaramuzzi, F.	2009	Proposal of an Experiment Aimed at Charging Deuterium in Palladium at the Temperature of Liquid Nitrogen	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Proposal of an Experiment Aimed at Charging Deuterium in Palladium at the Temperature of Liquid Nitrogen		One of the most established features of the phenomenon known with the name of ?old Fusion?, with reference to the system palladium (Pd) ? deuterium (D), is that a condition necessary (even though not sufficient) to be satisfied in order for these phenomena to take place is that the content of D in Pd, called also the D/Pd ratio X, approaches the value of 1 (understanding by this quantity the atomic ratio between the two species in the Pd lattice). In order to reach such an high value of X, extensive use of electrolysis of heavy water with a Pd cathode has been made. An alternative line that has been followed by the Author [1] consists of trying to obtain high values of X by the direct interaction of Pd with D2 gas. The use of low temperatures has the purpose of increasing the equilibrium loading ratio for a given gas pressure. The proposal of an experiment which requires little attention is presented here.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=159
3627	Conference Proceedings	Scaramuzzi, F.	2009	Low Temperature Gas Loading of Deuterium in Palladium	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Low Temperature Gas Loading of Deuterium in Palladium		One of the most established features of the phenomenon known with the name of ?old Fusion?, with reference to the system palladium (Pd) ? deuterium (D), is that a condition necessary (even though not sufficient) to be satisfied in order for these phenomena to take place is that the content of D in Pd, called also the D/Pd ratio X, approaches the value of 1 (understanding by this quantity the atomic ratio between the two species in the Pd lattice). In order to reach such an high value of X, extensive use of electrolysis of heavy water with a Pd cathode has been made. The present experiment is aimed at obtaining high loading ratios of deuterium in palladium without using electrolysis. The idea is to have deuterium gas in contact with palladium. The use of low temperatures has the purpose of increasing the equilibrium loading ratio for a given gas pressure. A first test experiment, performed at ENEA Frascati in 2002, showed that it was possible to have D/Pd ratios as high as 1 at 150 K with a pressure lower than 1 bar [1]. The experiment has been rebuilt at LNF/INFN and the first results are reported here. An anomaly in the loading dynamics will be also reported.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=154
3626	Conference Proceedings	Scaramuzzi, F.	2009	Low Temperature Gas Loading Of Deuterium In Palladium (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Low Temperature Gas Loading Of Deuterium In Palladium (PowerPoint slides)	loading	Objectives of the experiment The idea is to realize a conceptually simple experiment, reproducible, and with a straightforward answer: * To start with, measuring the D/Pd ratio, aiming to high values. * Possibly detecting excess heat. * Analyze the gas, looking for 4He. * Studying the loading dynamics.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Scaramuzzilowtempera.pdf
3625	Journal Article	Scaramuzzi, F.	2004	Gas loading of deuterium in palladium at low temperature	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 385					Gas loading of deuterium in palladium at low temperature	gas loading	The experimental technique presented in this article is aimed at measuring the absorption of hydrogen or deuterium gas in a thin palladium sample while the system is at low temperature. A result for deuterium is described, consisting in the measurement of the equilibrium loading ratio X (called also D/Pd ratio, atomic), as a function of pressure, on a palladium film 3.6 μm-thick at 150 K. Values of X up to 1 have been measured at pressures lower than 1 bar. The electric resistance of the palladium sample also has been measured as a function of temperature and of X, and the results are reported.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Scaramuzzigasloading.pdf
3624	Journal Article	Scaramuzzi, F.	2000	Ten Years of Cold Fusion: An Eye-witness Account	Accountability Res., Vol = 8					Ten Years of Cold Fusion: An Eye-witness Account		The name of Cold Fusion (CF) comes from the interpretation given to certain phenomena taking place in a metal lattice roughly at room temperature, in terms of nuclear fusion, say between two deuterium nuclei: cold in comparison with the high temperatures of thermonuclear fusion (10^8 K). The first time this was suggested was in the Spring of 1989, ten years ago, by Fleischmann and Pons (1): their experiment gave rise to much turmoil all over the world, ending within a few months with the scientific community rejecting the experiment and thus this interpretation. Research in CF continued nevertheless in a few laboratories, mostly in the USA, Japan, Italy, Russia and China; International Conferences were held regularly, roughly every 1.5 years. However, after ten years, in spite of undeniable (although not overwhelming) progress in the field, there is hardly any communication between this small CF community and the scientific world at large.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Scaramuzzitenyearsof.pdf
3623	Journal Article	Scaramuzzi, F.	1993	La fusione fredda quattro anni dopo (Cold fusion four years later)	Chim. Ind. (Milan), Vol = 75, Num = 5, Page = 425 (in Italian)					La fusione fredda quattro anni dopo (Cold fusion four years later)	review
3622	Conference Proceedings	Scaramuzzi, F.	1992	Cold Fusion Research in Italy	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 353	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Cold Fusion Research in Italy	review, Italy, ICCF-3	In the past 3 ? years many experiments have been performed in the field known with the conventional name of 'cold fusion' (CF), and a number of theories have attempted to interpret them and to assess them in a coherent picture. Differently from other fields in science, this area has grown in a quite strange atmosphere: the most striking aspect of it is the anomalous ?eography? of the activities, meaning by this term the different kind of development that research activities in this field have had in different countries. The following agencies are involved in CF: Nat. Inst. for Nucl. Phys. (INFN) Nat. Res. Council (CNR) Nat. Inst. for Health (ISS) Agency for New Technol., Energy, and Enviro. (ENEA) Univ. of Torino about 70 scientists working parttime	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=97
3621	Conference Proceedings	Scaramuzzi, F.	1991	Survey of Gas Loading Experiments	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 445	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Survey of Gas Loading Experiments	review loading, D2, Pd, titanium YBCO ICCF-2	Why Gas Loading? In March 1989 the results of two experiments, claiming for nuclear reactions taking place, at room temperature, in metal lattices (Pd and Ti) charged with deuterium, were presented. In both cases the technique chosen for charging the metals with deuterium consisted in using an electrolytic cell, containing heavy water, in which the cathodes were made out of Pd or Ti .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=460
3620	Conference Proceedings	Scalia, A., Figuera, P.	1991	The Cross Section Factor for the Reactions 2H(d,p)3H + 2H(d,n) 3He at Very Low Temperature	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 235	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	The Cross Section Factor for the Reactions 2H(d,p)3H + 2H(d,n) 3He at Very Low Temperature	cross section, fusion, energy, low energy, ICCF-2, tritium, neutron, d-p	A determined value of the fusion cross section sigma-f can be obtained by using the Rutherford differential cross section sigma-R . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=250
3619	Journal Article	Scalia, A.	1989	The Nuclear Fusion for the Reactions 2H (d,n) 3He, 2H (d,p) 3H, 3H (d,n) 4 He	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, Vol = 101, Num = 5, Page = 795					The Nuclear Fusion for the Reactions 2H (d,n) 3He, 2H (d,p) 3H, 3H (d,n) 4 He	theory, fusion Rate
3618	Journal Article	Sawada, T.	2012	Underlying Mechanism of the Nuclear of Implied by the Energy-momentum Conservation [ I ]	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6					Underlying Mechanism of the Nuclear of Implied by the Energy-momentum Conservation [ I ]	Charge-monopole system, Coulombic field, d-d Reaction, Momentum conservation, Momentum transfer	By studying the conservation of energy and momentum, it is found that in the nuclear cold fusion, existence of the localized external potential is necessary to absorb the large momentum transfer. We can narrow down the candidate of the required external field to the magnetic field produced by the magnetic monopole. The roll of the magnetic monopole in lowering the repulsive Coulomb barrier when two deuterons come close and fuse is considered.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensede.pdf#page=127
3617	Journal Article	Sawada, T.	2007	A Particle Physicist's View on the Nuclear Cold Fusion Reaction	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 1					A Particle Physicist's View on the Nuclear Cold Fusion Reaction	Change of penetration factor, Charge quantization condition, Magnetic monopole, Nuclear cold fusion, Origin of nonreproducibility	There are two different types of scientists who believe in the reality of the nuclear cold fusion. The researchers, who observed the excess energy by experiments, belong to the first type. On the other hand, a small number of theoreticians, who are working on the physics of the magnetic monopole, know that the nuclear reaction of the zero incident energy proceeds when the system involves a magnetic monopole. Since the former group still lacks a theory of the nuclear cold fusion based on the first principle of the natural law, I believe it is fruitful to explain to the former group how the theoretician of the particle physics comes to arrive at the conclusion that the nuclear cold fusion must occur if a magnetic monopole exists, in the framework of the quantum theory.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensed.pdf#page=12
3616	Journal Article	Savvatimova, I. B.	2012	Transmutation of Elements in Low-energy Glow Discharge and the Associated Processes	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6					Transmutation of Elements in Low-energy Glow Discharge and the Associated Processes	Isotopic ratio change, Low-energy gas glow discharge, Mass-spectrometry, Palladium, Transmutation, Tungsten	The review of the main transmutation results in palladium and tungsten after the exposure to deuterium Glow Discharge (GD) measured by different Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Gamma-Spectrometry (GS) methods is given. The registered structure and isotopic ratio change alongside with formation of additional elements were accompanied by gamma and X-ray emission. The registered isotopic ratio change ranged within 2-1000 times, the quantity of additional elements undetected before varying within one tenth to dozens percents in Pd and Pd alloys. The isotopes with masses less than and exceeding those of the cathode material were measured in most of the experiments. The MS revealed that the tungsten isotopes transmutated into elements lighter than tungsten, higher post-experimental intensity of mass numbers 169, 170, 171, 178 and 180 being observed. The mass spectra peaks magnituded for isotopes lighter than W isotopes increased by factors ranging from 5 to 400. The registered increase varied from 5-50 cps in the original foils to 100-20 000 cps after the exposure to deuterium GD. Lighter isotopes in tungsten and tantalum foils placed on the GD cathode after deuterium GD exposure were identified using high resolution gamma/X-ray spectrometry. The comparison of thermal ionization mass-spectrometry (TIMS) data and data of gamma-spectra energy peaks allowed to assume that the peaks series observed in gamma spectra belong to the following isotopes: 169 70 Yb, 170 72 Hf , 171m 70 Yb, 172 72 Hf and 178 70 Yb. Correlation of TIMS and Gamma spectrometry data leads to the assumption that the appearance of light isotopes in tungsten resulted from the low-energy decay process initiation caused by deuterium GD.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensede.pdf#page=190
3615	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I., Savvatimova, G., Kornilova, A. A.	2007	Gamma Emission Evaluation in Tungsten Irradiated By Low Energy Deuterium Ions	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals			Sicily, Italy		Gamma Emission Evaluation in Tungsten Irradiated By Low Energy Deuterium Ions	glow discharge	An analysis of tungsten and tantalum foils before, during and after deuterium discharge with the gamma/x-ray spectrometry is described. An increase in light isotopes in tungsten cathodes during and after deuterium discharge was identified using gamma/x-ray spectrometry. The comparison of thermal ionization massspectrometry (TIMS) data and a series of energy peaks in gamma-spectra is evidence that the series of peaks observed in gamma spectra belong to the following isotopes . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ISCMNSproceeding.pdf#page=267
3614	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I.	2007	Transmutation in Tungsten Irradiated by Low Energy Deuterium Ions	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals			Sicily, Italy		Transmutation in Tungsten Irradiated by Low Energy Deuterium Ions	glow discharge	Analysis of tungsten and tantalum foils after deuterium discharge with the Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) method is described. Tungsten isotopes transmutation in elements lighter than tungsten was observed. Higher intensity of mass numbers 169, 170, 171, 178 and 180 was found. The mass spectra peak magnitudes for isotopes lighter than W increased by factors ranging from 5 to 400. The increase was from 5-50 cps in the original foils, to 100-20000 cps after deuterium discharge. Possible explanations for the reactions are suggested.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ISCMNSproceeding.pdf#page=284
3613	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I., Gavritenkov, D.	2005	Influence Of Parameters Of The Glow Discharge On Change Of Structure And The Isotope Composition Of The Cathode Materials	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Influence Of Parameters Of The Glow Discharge On Change Of Structure And The Isotope Composition Of The Cathode Materials	glow discharge	Results of examinations of changes in structure, element, and isotope composition of cathodes after the glow discharge exposure in hydrogen, deuterium, argon, and xenon are submitted. The voltage of the discharge was less than 1000 V and the current was 5-150 mA. Samples before and after ions bombardment in the glow discharge were explored by the methods of mass spectrometry: the secondary ions (SIMS), the secondary ions with additional ionization of neutral sprayed particles (SNMS), spark (SMS), and thermo-ionization (TIMS), and also methods of energy dispersion X-ray spectral analysis (EDX). The alpha-, beta-, gamma- emission, and gamma- spectrometry for radioactive uranium specimens were also carried out before and after experiments in the glow discharge. Changes in structure, isotope, and element composition of the cathode samples depend on current density, integrated ions flow (fluence of ions), kind of irradiating ions and other experimental conditions. Attempts are made to estimate qualitatively and quantitatively the role of each of the parameters on intensity of the observed changes in cathode composition. It is shown that the maximum changes in structure, chemical and isotope composition of the cathode material occur in 'hot points,' such as craters from microexplosions, phase segregations, blisters and other new formations.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Savvatimovinfluenceo.pdf
3612	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I., Gavritenkov, D.	2004	Results Of Analysis Of Ti Foil After Glow Discharge With Deuterium	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Results Of Analysis Of Ti Foil After Glow Discharge With Deuterium	glow discharge, transmutation	In this study we report on the surface structure, distribution and isotopic composition of elements found on Ti cathodes before and after glow discharge in plasma, during which excess heat was produced. Irradiation was carried out with deuterium ions with a discharge voltage below 1000 volts, with a current of 10 to 20 mA. The analysis of the surface structure and of elemental composition of the Ti sample was carried out with a scanning electronic microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), which can detect impurities at concentrations as low as 0.2 atomic %. New metallic phase formation and newly present elements were revealed by the EDS method in several different, separate active spots on the cathode surface, with concentrations ranging from 0.3% up to 10 or 20% or more . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Savvatimovresultsofa.pdf
3611	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I., Dash, J.	2002	Emission registration on films during glow discharge experiments	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Emission registration on films during glow discharge experiments 4038	glow discharge, ion bombardment, U, W, Zr, Pd, D2, D+, X-ray	Deuterium and protium experiments in the glow discharge apparatus were conducted with U, W, Zr, Pd foils placed on the cathode. The glow discharge apparatus contains two concentric quartz tubes, each with about five mm wall thickness. Kodak BioMax MR-2 films (13x18 cm) contained in individual packets are intended to detect gamma and x-ray emission in the energy range from 150 to 260 keV. The films were placed against the outer quartz tube about 70 mm from the electrodes during glow discharge operation time ranging from 1-25 hours. The applied glow discharge voltage during was 200-700 V, the current was 5-25 mA/cm^2, and the gas pressure was 2-5 torr.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Savvatimovemissionre.pdf
3610	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I.	2000	Reproducibility of Experiments in Glow Discharge and Processes Accompanying Deuterium ions Bombardment	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 277	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Reproducibility of Experiments in Glow Discharge and Processes Accompanying Deuterium ions Bombardment	ion bombardment, D2, autoradiograph, film particle emission, titanium, Pd, radioactivity, gas discharge ICCF-8	The problems of reproducibility of experiments in glow discharge (GD) and electrolysis are considered. The difficulty in estimation of nuclear and non-nuclear processes contribution in isotopic and elemental composition change in material irradiated by ions is noted. The post-experimental charged particles flow from samples in Deuterium GD was measured. The current ranging ~ 10^-6A?cm^-2 - ~10^-13A?cm^-2 was registered in the first 1 - 3 post-experimental minutes for different materials (Pd, Pd alloys, Ag and Mo) and experimental parameters. The emissions duration lasted 30-100 minutes and depended upon experimental parameters. Analysis of tracks on X-ray films placed inside and outside of a metal GD chamber has shown existence of tracks varying from several to tens of millimeters. The tracks were of various shapes: round and curvilinear, and also rotating including double spirals.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Savvatimovreproducib.pdf
3609	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I., Korolev, V. UI.	1998	Comparative Analysis of Heat Effect in Various Cathode Materials Exposed to Glow Discharge	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 335	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Comparative Analysis of Heat Effect in Various Cathode Materials Exposed to Glow Discharge	ion bombardment, heat+, gas discharge, D2 Pd-Pt-W, ICCF-7	The comparative enthalpy generation in the various cathode materials during Deuterium and Protium Glow Discharge (GD) is offered. Enthalpy results in Pd and its alloys (PdPtW, PdRu, PdNi) and also for pure metals ( V, Nb, Zr, Ag ) are presented for equilibrium (constant temperature and current density) and non - equilibrium experimental conditions (during increment ofthe cathode temperature). The heat efficiency measurements in Pd alloys may be ranged on decrease in the following way: PdPtW, PdRu; PdNi; PdCu. Such measurements in other pure metals may be presented in the following way V, Zr, Ag. Heat effect shows good correlation with maximum of the elemental and isotopic content. The maximum heat output correlates with the maximum elemental and isotopic change for fixed experimental conditions. Estimation of the heat efficiency cathode materials in the dynamic equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions show that there are two regions with a difef rent mechanism of heat output are observed in the low and high temperature and current density area . The first maximum depends on loading Hydrogen and the second maximum does not depend on Hydrogen desorption and depends on the crystal lattice property and the interaction of the electric and magnetic fields (internal and external).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=335
3608	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I.	1998	Transmutation Effects in the Cathode Exposed Glow Discharge, Nuclear Phenomena or Ion Irradiation Results?	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 342	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Transmutation Effects in the Cathode Exposed Glow Discharge, Nuclear Phenomena or Ion Irradiation Results?	transmutation, ion bombardment, surface analysis, Pd, D2, H2, ICCF-7	The elemental and isotopic structure of the cathode materials before and after Glow Discharge (GD) experiments were analyzed by SNMS, EDS and SMS. The isotope shift tendency in Pd and Pd alloys and Ag was observed. The comparison of the quantity of impurity elements change and generation was made. The four same groups of certain impurities were repeatedly formed after Deuteron irradiation in similar conditions : light - with masses of 6, 7 10, 11 19, 20, 22; of middle masses near 0,5 matrix element; (+/- 10) of matrix element - Cd, So, Ag and of heavy masses 120-140 ( So, Te, Ba). The essential isotope shift (mass account) for the elements with 181 - 199 masses was noticed. The quantity of additional impurities, which was found after ion irradiation in Pd and Pd alloys, can to show in the following row with decreasing : Pd, alloys PdPTW, PdNi, PdRu, PdCu. The qualitative correlation of the maximum increase of impurities in the cathodes with the maximum heat output during GD experiment was noticed for temperature interval less 200?.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=342
3607	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I. B., Senchukov, A. D.	1996	Transmutation Phenomena in the Palladium Cathode after Ions Irradiation at the Glow Discharge	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 575	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Transmutation Phenomena in the Palladium Cathode after Ions Irradiation at the Glow Discharge	glow discharge, transmutation	It was shown that the change of impurity elemental and isotopic composition after irradiation of the Pd cathode by glow discharge plasma ions depends on the structure of the cathode material, contents of the working environment, ion flux density and the location of the analyzed layer relative to the surface. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and microprobe x-ray analysis (EDS) were used. The largest change of isotope ratio on the Pd cathode in comparison with a natural abundance appeared after irradiation with xenon and argon ions. The 104Pd concentration increased two times in comparison with protium irradiation. The dependence of the ratio of impurity elements and concentration upon the type of irradiating ions has been found.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=174
3606	Journal Article	Savvatimova, I., Karabut, A. B.	1996	Radioactivity of palladium cathodes after irradiation in a glow discharge	Poverkhnost					Radioactivity of palladium cathodes after irradiation in a glow discharge	Pd, Nb, As, titanium, gas discharge, autoradiograph transmutation
3605	Journal Article	Savvatimova, I., Karabut, A. B.	1996	Nuclear reaction products detected at the cathode after a glow discharge in deuterium	Poverkhnost					Nuclear reaction products detected at the cathode after a glow discharge in deuterium	gas discharge, Pd, fusion-fission, surface analysis, transmutation
3604	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I., Karabut, A. B.	1995	Radioactivity of the Cathode Samples after Glow Discharge	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 209	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Radioactivity of the Cathode Samples after Glow Discharge	gas discharge, Pd, deuterium radioactivity, ion bombardment, Ag, Nb, titanium, D2, H2, Ar, Xe ICCF-5 x-ray	We registered the residual radioactivity of the cathode foils (Pd, Ag, Nb and other mateirals) after irradiation at the glow discharge. The samples were irradiated by proton, deuteron and argon, xenon ions with low energy. We consider that the main activity is beta emission from samples after experiments. Various metals (Pd, Ag, Nb and Ti) irradiated with H, D, Ar, or Xe ions. Samples exposed X-ray film. Level of activity first increased after irradiation then decreased. Activity was seen to result from Ar and Xe irradiation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=10
3603	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I., Karabut, A. B.	1995	Nuclear Reaction Products Registration on the Cathode after Glow Discharge	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 213	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Nuclear Reaction Products Registration on the Cathode after Glow Discharge	gas discharge, Pd, transmutation, radioactivity, ICCF-5	We watched the changing of some impurity elements on tft7; Pd cathode ( 99,9% p u r i t y ) a fter proton, proton-deuteron and deuteron ion's irradiation under the equal glow discharge conditions. New elements and change in isotopic ratio seen in Pd target after irradiation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=14
3602	Conference Proceedings	Savvatimova, I., Kucherov, Y., Karabut, A. B.	1993	Cathode Material Change after Deuterium Glow Discharge Experiments	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 16		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Cathode Material Change after Deuterium Glow Discharge Experiments	Pd, gas discharge, D2, fission, transmutation, Helium, radioactivity, gamma emission ICCF-4	The results of impurity concentration measurements in a palladium cathode by different methods before and after deuterium glow discharge experiments are presented. The concentration of some impurities increases up to 104 times. Elements appear which cannot be found in the discharge environment. Autoradiography of cathode samples shows that isotopes with different radiation energy (less than 20 keV and more 100 keV) exist in the cathode after experiment. The obtained results cannot be explained by the existence of a conventional fusion reaction, but may be explained by a more complex fusion-fission reaction.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Savvatimovcathodemat.pdf
3601	Journal Article	Savrasov, A., Prokopenko, V., Andreev, E.	2017	CR-39 Detector Track Characterization in Experiments with Pd/D Co-deposition	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 22					CR-39 Detector Track Characterization in Experiments with Pd/D Co-deposition	alpha-Particle, Co-deposition, CR-39 Detector, Electrolysis	Four experiments replicating the GALILEO Project were performed. In two of them, excess ?-particle track density was observed in the CR-39 detectors in comparison with background CR-39 detectors.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedu.pdf#page=6
3600	Journal Article	Savinell, R. F., Burney Jr., H. S.	1990	Report of the electrolytic industries for the year 1989	J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol = 137					Report of the electrolytic industries for the year 1989	history
3599	Journal Article	Sato, T., Okamoto, M., Kim, P., Fujii, Y., Aizawa, O.	1991	Detection of neutrons in electrolysis of heavy water	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19					Detection of neutrons in electrolysis of heavy water	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, neutron
3598	Journal Article	Sastry, K. S. R.	1989	Fusion reaction	Science, Vol = 244				May, 1989	Fusion reaction	energy, nuclear reaction
3597	Conference Proceedings	Sasaki, Y., Kitamura, A., Miyoshi, Y., Nohmi, T., Taniike, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.	2009	Anomalous Heat Generation in Charging of Pd Powders with High Density Hydrogen Isotopes, (I) Results of absorption experiments using Pd powders	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Anomalous Heat Generation in Charging of Pd Powders with High Density Hydrogen Isotopes, (I) Results of absorption experiments using Pd powders		A twin system for hydrogen-isotope absorption experiments has been constructed to replicate the phenomenon of heat and 4He generation by D2 gas absorption in nano-sized Pd powders reported by Arata and Zhang, and to investigate the underlying physics. For Pd?r oxide nano-powders, anomalously large energies of hydrogen isotope absorption, 2.4 ?0.2 eV/D-atom and 1.8 ?0.4 eV/H-atom, as well as large loading ratio of D/Pd =1.1 ?0.0 and H/Pd =1.1 ?0.3, respectively, were observed in the phase of deuteride/hydride formation. The sample charged with D2 also showed significantly positive output energy in the second phase after the deuteride formation. For comparison , results for 0.1-?f Pd powder samples and Pd-black samples are also shown.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=138
3596	Conference Proceedings	Sasaki, Y., Kitamura, A., Nohmi, T., Miyoshi, Y., Taniike, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.	2009	Anomalous Heat Generation in Charging of Pd Powders with High Density Hydrogen Isotopes (I) Results of absorption experiments using Pd powders (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Anomalous Heat Generation in Charging of Pd Powders with High Density Hydrogen Isotopes (I) Results of absorption experiments using Pd powders (PowerPoint slides)	nano-particles, excess heat	Aim It has been reported that charging of highly pure D2 gas into Pd nano-powders in the form of Pd/ZrO2 nano-composite contained in a stainless-steel vacuum vessel has induced significant excess heat. We have constructed an experimental system to confirm the phenomenon of heat and 4He generation by calorimetry and investigate the underlying physics.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SasakiYanomaloush.pdf
3595	Conference Proceedings	Sasaki, Y., Kitamura, A., Nohmi, T., Miyoshi, Y., Taniike, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.	2009	Deuterium Gas Charging Experiments with Pd Powders for Excess Heat Evolution (I) Results of absorption experiments using Pd powders	The 9th Meeting of Japan CF-Research Society			Shizuoka, Japan		Deuterium Gas Charging Experiments with Pd Powders for Excess Heat Evolution (I) Results of absorption experiments using Pd powders	Pd-black nanoparticle heat	A twin system for hydrogen-isotope absorption experiments has been constructed to replicate the phenomenon of heat and 4He generation during D2 gas absorption in nano-sized Pd powders reported by Arata and Zhang, and to investigate the underlying physics. For PdZr oxide nano-powders, anomalously large energies of hydrogen isotope absorption, 2.4 ?0.2 eV/D-atom and 1.8 ?0.4 eV/H-atom, as well as large loading ratios of D/Pd =1.1 ?0.0 and H/Pd =1.1 ?0.3, respectively, were observed during deuteride/hydride formation. The sample charged with D2 also showed significantly positive output energy in the second phase after deuteride formation. Results for 0.1-μm diameter Pd powder samples and Pd-black samples are also shown, for comparison.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SasakiYdeuteriumg.pdf
3594	Journal Article	Sasaki, K.	1998	Report of my transmutation experiment	Kenkyu Kiyo - Miyagi Kogyo Koto Senmom Gakko, Vol = 26					Report of my transmutation experiment	transmutation
3593	Journal Article	Sasaki, A.	1990	An approach to cold fusion	Kenkyu Kiyo - Miyagi Kogyo Koto Senmom Gakko, Vol = 26					An approach to cold fusion	gas discharge, titanium, ion bombardment, D2
3592	Conference Proceedings	Sarto, F., Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Sansovini, M., Violante, V.	2009	The Role of Cathode's Surface Properties in the Electrochemical Deuterium Loading of Pd Foils	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		The Role of Cathode's Surface Properties in the Electrochemical Deuterium Loading of Pd Foils		Recent experimental evidences clearly indicate that the reproducibility of excess heat production is correlated with the cathode surface properties. To support the results, a theoretical frame has been also developed, that suggests that a relevant role in the excess heat production is played by the electrodynamics processes at the cathode interface. In particular, one of the mechanisms involved is the enhancement and spatial localization of the electro-magnetic field at the metal/electrolyte interface, promoted by proper surface roughness and morphology. A further point to be considered is the dynamic character of the metal/electrolyte interface during electrochemical deuterium loading, that derives from the coupling between the different interface characteristics. Surface reconstruction of the metallic cathode is expected to happen, due to corrosion-deposition mechanisms, D/H transport, stress relaxation and defect production, and so on. All these mechanisms both affect and are affected by the surface properties, such as the morphology of the metal/electrolyte interface, the metallurgical and crystal structure of the cathode and the presence of contaminants.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=192
3591	Conference Proceedings	Sarto, F., Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Sansovini, M., Violante, V.	2009	The Role of Cathode's Surface Properties in the Electrochemical Deuterium Loading of Pd Foils (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		The Role of Cathode's Surface Properties in the Electrochemical Deuterium Loading of Pd Foils (PowerPoint slides)	materials, electrode surface morphology	Recent experimental evidences clearly indicate that the reproducibility of excess heat production is correlated with the cathode surface properties. To support the results, a theoretical frame has been also developed, that suggests that a relevant role in the excess heat production is played by the electrodynamics processes at the cathode interface. In particular, one of the mechanisms involved is the enhancement and spatial localization of the electro-magnetic field at the metal/electrolyte interface, promoted by proper surface roughness and morphology.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SartoFtheroleofc.pdf
3590	Conference Proceedings	Sarto, F., Castagna, E., Sansovini, M., Lecci, S., Violante, V., Knies, D., Grabowski, K. S., Hubler, G. K.	2008	Electrode Surface Morphology Characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Electrode Surface Morphology Characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy	materials, electrode surface morphology	The introduction of hydrogen into a metal during electrolysis of water involves primarily the metallic surface. The effect of surface morphology on electrochemical reaction kinetics is well described in the literature 1 therefore it seems to be reasonable to assume that the surface morphology of the cathodes could play a role in the electrochemical metal-hydride formation. Actually, a wide variety of surface features and profiles have been observed in the Pd cathodes typically employed in excess heat production experiments. These features are noted in both the as-prepared samples and the electrolyzed ones. In order to establish a correlation between the occurrence of a particular surface morphology and calorimetric results, it is necessary to identify a useful metric with which to describe and compare the different surface morphologies. In this work an approach based on Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been investigated. The method is oriented toward the identification of parameters suitable for a pre-screening of the materials.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SartoFelectrodes.pdf
3589	Conference Proceedings	Sarto, F., Castagna, E., Violante, V.	2007	Microscopic characterization of palladium electrodes for cold fusion experiments	Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals			Sicily, Italy		Microscopic characterization of palladium electrodes for cold fusion experiments	cathode material	Recent results [1] highlighted that material science is one of the more critical issues in condensed matter nuclear science. In the last years, the experimental results have given a clear indication that a relevant role within this task is played by the material properties of the cathodes. In order to improve the characterization of the materials, an approach based on the atomic force microscopy is proposed in this paper. The preliminary study is mainly oriented to identify, by means of the AFM results, parameters suitable for screening the materials.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ISCMNSproceeding.pdf#page=261
3588	Conference Proceedings	Sapogin, L. G.	1998	The Theory of Excess Energy in PAGD Reactor (Correa Reactor)	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 472	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	The Theory of Excess Energy in PAGD Reactor (Correa Reactor)	gas discharge, theory, ICCF-7	Tesla and Tandberg in their already old works have first discovered generation of very short and powerfol bursts of electric current with an absolutely unknown nature under some certain conditions of a gas discharge on direct current. One did not pay any serious attention to that phenomenon. And only in the recent works of Paulo and Alexandra Correa it was shown that by creation of the conditions for abnormal gas discharge (PAGD - Pulsed Abnormal Glow Discharge) on direct current powerful bursts of alternating current appear. The energy of these bursts exceeds several times the consumed energy (up to 10 times). In this experiment one can observe that a part of electric current carriers (obviously electrons) gain high velocities being the reason for excess energy generation. According to the unitary quantum theory it possible to explain easily the generation of excess energy [1, 7, 8]. The electrons can oscillate with a high plasma frequency relatively to very heavy positive ions. Their behaviour is possible to explain as oscillations in a potential well with the rims of various height. A t some certain values of initial phase the approximate equation of the unitary quantum theory with an oscillating charge can yield the 'mathernily home' solution [1,7,8]. As a result of the electrones having gained a high energy with a high velosity they fly out of the wells, and always in one direction. It is the energy generation process - and not nuclear reactions - that are responsible for excess energy creation. The mathematical process model is created as well as an approximate solution of the non-linear difforential equation is achieved. The range of values of initial phases allowing the energy generation process is determined. If the experimental research of Tesla, Tandberg and Correa are correct then there is no doubt the foture power industry would be developing in this direction and not in today's fashionable direction of the cold nuclear fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=472
3587	Journal Article	Sapogin, L. G.	1997	Energy generation processes and cold nuclear fusion in terms of Schroedinger equation	Chin. J. Nucl. Phys., Vol = 19, Num = 2, Page = 115					Energy generation processes and cold nuclear fusion in terms of Schroedinger equation	Theory
3586	Conference Proceedings	Sapogin, L. G.	1996	Energy generation process and cold nuclear fusion in terms of Schrodinger equation	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 595	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Energy generation process and cold nuclear fusion in terms of Schrodinger equation	Theory	Proceeding from the complete Schrodinger equation at small energyes the classic variable charge particle motion equation has been obtained, the later providing a good explanation for CNF and the excessive energy.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=196
3585	Journal Article	Sapogin, L. G., Kulikov, I. V.	1995	Cold nuclear fusion in the unitary quantum theory	Chin. J. Nucl. Phys., Vol = 17					Cold nuclear fusion in the unitary quantum theory	theory
3584	Conference Proceedings	Sapogin, L. G.	1995	On One of Energy Generation Mechanism in Initary Quantum Theory	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 361	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	On One of Energy Generation Mechanism in Initary Quantum Theory	theory, ICCF-5	It is now a well established fact that in Cold Nuclear Fusion (CNF) only a small portion of heat results from nuclear reactions, the rest being of a mysterious origin. In this connection Prof. Peter Hagelstain writes in [ 1 ] : 'Some say that this heat can be explained easily by elementary chemical reactions, phase changes, or battery-like storage effects. I have trouble with these explanations' . For instance, nickel electrolysis in light water produces the same amount of energy as that of palladium in heavy water. Besides, we have to consider a no less mysterious phenomenon of sonoluminescence, that was discovered in Russia in 1 933 by S.N.Rzhevkin. At first sight these phenomena seem to bear no correlation. But Julian Schwinger, the Nobel Laureate and profound research worker, has drawn parallels between cold fusion and sonoluminescence in his continuous technical publication on both topics. He notes in [2] : 'Like Cold Fusion, sonoluminescence 'should not exist', but it does. This now well established phenomenon occurs when ultrasonic sound, beamed into liquid, causes bubbles to oscillate stably - to expand and contract regularly - and also to emit regular pulses of light'.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=164
3583	Conference Proceedings	Sapogin, L. G.	1994	II. On the Mechanism of Cold Nuclear Fusion	International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 96	Fox, H.	Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City	Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus	May 24-26, 1994	II. On the Mechanism of Cold Nuclear Fusion	theory
3582	Conference Proceedings	Sapogin, L. G.	1994	I. Deuterium Interaction in Unitary Quantum Theory	International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 91	Fox, H.	Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City	Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus	May 24-26, 1994	I. Deuterium Interaction in Unitary Quantum Theory	theory
3581	Conference Proceedings	Santucci, A., Esposito, V., Licoccia, S., Traversa, E.	2009	Synthesis and characterization of BaCe1-xYxO3-d protonic conductor	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Synthesis and characterization of BaCe1-xYxO3-d protonic conductor		In recent years, doped perovskites such as barium cerates (BaCeO3), strontium cerates (SrCeO3) and barium zirconates (BaZrO3) have been studied as ceramic proton conductors for several technological applications: protonic membranes, hydrogen separation, catalytic support and solid oxides fuel cell components. Among those compounds, yttrium doped barium cerates have the best performances in terms of protonic conductivity at lowest temperature. In this activity, doped BCY oxide powders was synthesized via novel soft chemical route. The method is based on the formation of a metallorganic xero-gel at room temperature. The structural phase of powders and dense pellets were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the morphology was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measures were performed on dense pellet under synthetic air flux and hydrogen atmosphere in a temperature range between 200-750 ? with a frequency range of 10mHz-10MHz.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=208
3580	Conference Proceedings	Santucci, A., Borgognoni, F., Tosti, S.	2009	Electrical resistivity and linear expansion of a hydrogenated Pd/Ag permeator tube	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Electrical resistivity and linear expansion of a hydrogenated Pd/Ag permeator tube		The Pd-Ag-H system is of particular importance with respect to the separation and purification of the hydrogen gas. Pd-Ag alloys have high selectivity for hydrogen gas permeation and thus are suitable for manufacturing hydrogen selective membranes. Accordingly, among the technological properties many authors have studied the electrical resistivity and linear expansion of the Pd-Ag-H system, but no data are available in a wide range of temperature and hydrogen pressure. During this activity, the solubility, the linear expansion, the resistivity and the permeability of a Pd/Ag (with Ag 25% wt) permeator tube has been measured in both hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated conditions. The experiments have been carried out in a temperature and in a lumen hydrogen partial pressure range of 50-400 ? and 0-400 kPa, respectively.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=202
3579	Conference Proceedings	Santucci, A., Esposito, V., Licoccia, S., Traversa, E.	2009	Synthesis and characterization of BaCe1-xYxO3-delta protonic conductor (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Synthesis and characterization of BaCe1-xYxO3-delta protonic conductor (PowerPoint slides)	materials	In recent years, doped perovskite such as barium cerates (BaCeO3), strontium cerates (SrCeO3) and barium zirconates (BaZr03) have been studied as ceramic proton conductors for several technological applications: protonic membranes, hydrogen separation, catalytic support and solid oxides fuel cell components. Among those compounds, yttrium doped barium cerates have the best performances in terms of protonic conductivity at lowest temperature.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SantucciAsynthesisa.pdf
3578	Conference Proceedings	Santucci, A., Borgognoni, F., Tosti, S.	2009	Electrical resistivity and linear expansion of a hydrogenated Pd/Ag permeator tube (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Electrical resistivity and linear expansion of a hydrogenated Pd/Ag permeator tube (PowerPoint slides)	materials	* Pd-25% wt. Ag alloy is considered for manufacturing hydrogen separators * The linear expansion and resisitivity of Pg-Ag membranes have been measured under operating conditions typical of hydrogen separation processes * Membrane module design (finger-like tube assembly, ohmic heating) has been based on the results of the experimental tests	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SantucciAelectrical.pdf
3577	Journal Article	Santhanam, K. S. V., Rangarajan, J., Mandal, K. C., Haram, S. K.	1989	Excess enthalpy during electrolysis of D2O	Curr. Sci., Vol = 58					Excess enthalpy during electrolysis of D2O	heat+, titanium, electrolysis, D2O, H2O
3576	Journal Article	Santhanam, K. S. V., Ragarajan, J., Braganza, O'N., Haram, S. K., Limaye, N. M., Mandal, K. C.	1989	Electrochemically initiated cold fusion of deuterium	Indian J. Technol., Vol = 27					Electrochemically initiated cold fusion of deuterium	titanium electrolysis, heat+, D2O, neutron NaCl Pd
3575	Journal Article	Santandrea, R. P., Behrens, R. G.	1986	A review of the thermodynamics and phase relationships in the palladium- hydrogen, palladium-deuterium and palladium-tritium systems	High Temperature Materials and Processes, Vol = 7					A review of the thermodynamics and phase relationships in the palladium- hydrogen, palladium-deuterium and palladium-tritium systems	review, Phase Diagram, thermodynamic, Pd, H, D, T, diffusion, structure
3574	Conference Proceedings	Sano, T., Terasuwa, T., Ohi, T., Nezu, S.	1992	Preparation of Pd Electrodes and Their Hydrogen Loading Rates	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 569	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Preparation of Pd Electrodes and Their Hydrogen Loading Rates	loading, Pd-Ag, Pd-Ce, Pd, H2O, electrolysis, ICCF-3	We prepared a series of palladium-based rods with various compositions and processing histories as cathode for water electrolysis. These rods were evaluated in terms of hydrogen loading ratio (H/Pd). The hydrogen loading ratios of Pd-Ag and Pd-Ce alloys were compared with that of a pure Pd rod. The hydrogen loading ratios of Pd rods were subjected to a kneeling and/or cold-working (swaging) are also compared with that of a cast Pd rod. The results show that the alloying markedly reduces the loading ratio, and neither a kneeling (350 - 650?) your swaging (up to the processing ratio of 98%) produces a distinct effect. Pd and alloys of Ag and Ce were subjected to different treatments and tested for loading ability. The H/Pd ratio decreased as both the content of Ag or Ce increased. Annealing up to 650??? made no change over swaged material.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=306
3573	Journal Article	Sannikov, V.I ., Gorodetskii, V. G., Sulimov, E. M., Polosukhin, B. G., Kudyakov, V. Ya.	1991	Emission of neutrons and gamma-quanta from a titanium electrode polarised by a current in the gas phase over LiD	Rasplavy					Emission of neutrons and gamma-quanta from a titanium electrode polarised by a current in the gas phase over LiD	titanium, D2, LiD, gas discharge, gamma emission, neutron
3572	Journal Article	Sankaranarayanan, T. K., Srinivasan, M., Bajpai, M. B., Gupta, D. S.	1996	Investigation of low-level tritium generation in Ni-H2O electrolytic cells	Fusion Technol., Vol = 30					Investigation of low-level tritium generation in Ni-H2O electrolytic cells	Ni, H2O, tritium	The generation of tritium during the electrolysis of aqueous light water alkali carbonate (K2CO3 and Li2CO3) solutions by nickel cathodes, first reported by us at the International Conference on Cold Fusion-3 (Nagoya, Japan, October 1992) has once again been verified and confirmed. During 1993, 10 out of 23 cells, whose electrolytes were analyzed using a newly set up dedicated liquid scintillation counting unit, indicated low tritium levels in the electrolyte, in the range of 0.5 to 4.8 Bq/ml. Except one cell, which contained 25% D2O, the remaining nine cells, which produced tritium, were charged with natural light water solutions only. Two of these cells, which were monitored for tritium every few days, and excluding cell OM-3, which was set up in 1992, indicated tritium level variations in a sawtooth fashion, suggesting the possible presence of an as yet unidentified mechanism responsible for periodically removing tritium from the electrolyte.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Sankaranarinvestigatb.pdf
3571	Conference Proceedings	Sankaranarayanan, T. K., Srinivasan, M., Bajpai, M. B., Gupta, D. S.	1995	Evidence for Tritium Generation in Self-Heated Nickel Wires Subjected to Hydrogen Gas Absorption/Desorption Cycles	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 173	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Evidence for Tritium Generation in Self-Heated Nickel Wires Subjected to Hydrogen Gas Absorption/Desorption Cycles	Ni, H2, tritium, heat-, ICCF-5	The loading characteristics of hydrogen gas in electrically self-heated nickel wires was investigated with a view to maximise hydrogen absorption and thereafter 'trigger' it to generate anomalous excess heat as reported by Focardi et. al in early 1994. The nickel wires were found to absorb substantial quantity of hydrogen following several alternate cycles of absorption/desorption. But calorimetric studies conducted with the system so far indicate that we have not succeeded in triggering excess heat generation. However on dissolution and counting using standard liquid scintillation techniques, a number of hydrogen loaded nickel wires were found to contain tritium in the range of 3 Bq to 2333 Bq. This finding corroborates the detection of tritium in light water solutions electrolysed by nickel cathodes reported by the authors first at ICCF - 3 (Nagoya, 1992) and again at ICCF - 4 (Hawaii, 1993), confirming the occurrence of anomalous nuclear reactions in nickel-hydrogen systems.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Sankaranarevidencefo.pdf
3570	Conference Proceedings	Sankaranarayanan, M., Srinivasan, M., Bajpai, M., Gupta, D. S.	1993	Investigation of Low Level Tritium Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells	ICCF4, Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3?		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui		Investigation of Low Level Tritium Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells	H2O, Ni, tritium
3569	Conference Proceedings	Sankaranarayanan, M., Srinivasan, M., Bajpai, M., Gupta, D. S.	1993	Investigation of Low Level Tritium Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 3		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Investigation of Low Level Tritium Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells	H2O, Ni, tritium, ICCF-4 electrolysis
3568	Journal Article	Sandquist, G. M., Rogers, V. C.	1990	Enhancement of cold fusion reaction rates	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9					Enhancement of cold fusion reaction rates	discussion
3567	Journal Article	Sanchez, C., Sevilla, J., Escarpizo, B., Fernandez, F. J., Canizares, J.	1989	Nuclear products detection during electrolysis of heavy water with titanium and platinum electrodes	Solid State Commun., Vol = 71					Nuclear products detection during electrolysis of heavy water with titanium and platinum electrodes	gamma emission neutron, tritium, electrolysis, titanium, Pt, D2O, electrolysis
3566	Conference Proceedings	Sanchez, C., Sevilla, J., Escarpizo, B., Fernandez, F., Canizares, J.	1989	Cold Fusion During Electrolysis of Heavy Water With Ti and Pt Electrodes	Understanding Cold Fusion Phenomena	Ricci, R. A., Marco, F. De, Sindoni, E.		Varenna	15-16 Sept. 1989	Cold Fusion During Electrolysis of Heavy Water With Ti and Pt Electrodes	titanium, D2O, neutron, gamma emission tritium
3565	Journal Article	Samsonenko, N. V., Tahti, D. V., Ndahayo, F.	1997	Reply to the comment on 'On the Barut-Vigier model of the hydrogen atom' by Samsonenko et al	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 229					Reply to the comment on 'On the Barut-Vigier model of the hydrogen atom' by Samsonenko et al	theory, critique, Drazic
3564	Journal Article	Samsonenko, N. V., Tahti, D. V., Ndahayo, F.	1996	On the Barut-Vigier model of the hydrogen atom	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 220					On the Barut-Vigier model of the hydrogen atom	Theory, Bohr orbit
3563	Conference Proceedings	Samsonenko, N. V., Tsarev, V. A.	1996	Cold fusion activities in Russia	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 695	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Cold fusion activities in Russia	review	A review of Cold Fusion researches in Russia during last two years is presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=296
3562	Conference Proceedings	Samgin, A. L.	1996	Structural changes on single crystals in neutron generation experiments	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 606	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Structural changes on single crystals in neutron generation experiments	neutron	This paper presents the results of new analysis of X-ray data ( crystal lattice parameters and elementary cell volumes) both before and after experiments. On the basis of detection of structural changes, it is reasonable to suggest that the generation of neutrons occurs at the instant of disruption of channel structure of solid, associated with compression of crystal lattice. Perhaps the processes of explosive character inside the crystal, caused structure rebuilding, take place. Such changes may be considered as phase transition.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=207
3561	Conference Proceedings	Samgin, A. L., Vakarin, S. V., Andreev, V. S., Khokhlov, V. A., Filatov, E. S., Gorelov, V. P.	1996	Solid protonic conductors: conductivity, structure, protron traps, phase transitions, excess heat and neutron anti-effect	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 564	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Solid protonic conductors: conductivity, structure, protron traps, phase transitions, excess heat and neutron anti-effect		In our study of high temperature proton conductor (HTPC) it is shown that thermal and radiation effects can be correlated to a set of peculiarities of their structural and electric properties. These materials may be considered as model object to be searched for the elucidation of mechanism of anomalous phenomena in solid/deuterium systems. The ceramics are in specific cases superior to palladium. Our experiments were conducted with ceramic sandwich-like structure on the base of strontium cerate, espesially synthesized, with porous platinum or palladium coating. Analysis of some peculiarities of conductivity nature of HTPC shows that conductivity can not be satisfactorily explained without considering interaction between protons as well as protons and crystal lattice environment. The available electrochemical data on ionic (in this case on hydrogen nuclei) transport suggest that processes of nuclear interaction simultaneously occur which may result in cold fusion phenomena. The phase transition at 445? and similar behavior at other points in the range to lOOO? were found. We have established that pass through a region of phase transition is correlated to heat effect. A transition from exothermic to endothermic effect during cooling and heating of ceramic has been found. Analysis of X-ray studies shows that processes of explosive character inside lattice of sample, which give rise to the neutron and heat effects, can occur. We observed a incomprehensible influence of background on neutron emission, as well as a decay of neutron background inside the protection container with the sample.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=163
3560	Conference Proceedings	Samgin, A. L., Finodeyev, O., Tsvetkov, S. A., Andreev, V. S., Khokhlov, V. A., Filatov, E. S., Murygin, I. V., Gorelov, V. P., Vakarin, S. V.	1995	Cold Fusion and Anomalous Effects in Deuteron Conductors During Non-Stationary High-Temperature Electrolysis	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 201	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Cold Fusion and Anomalous Effects in Deuteron Conductors During Non-Stationary High-Temperature Electrolysis	Solid electrolyte, perovskite, heat+ neutron proton conductor, ICCF-5	The studies were conducted with the perovslcite-type solid electrolytes based on the strontium and barium ccrates under hydrogen and deuterium atmosphere. Anomalous effects were found manifesting themselves in the overbackground neutron bursts, excess heat release, phase composition and crystal lattice parameter changes. At 200-750? C the regions of the temperature were identified which accompained by significant heat evolution that was greater in the deuteron conductors than in the proton conductors. Sr(Ba)CeO3 doped with Dy and Nd oxides used in D2 and H2 between 200??? and 750???. Excess energy observed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=2
3559	Conference Proceedings	Samgin, A. L., Baraboshkin, A. N., Murigin, I., Tsvetkov, S. A., Andreev, V. S., Vakarin, S. V.	1993	The Influence of Conductivity on Neutron Generation Process in Proton Conducting Solid Electrolytes	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 5		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	The Influence of Conductivity on Neutron Generation Process in Proton Conducting Solid Electrolytes	neutron proton conductor SrCeO, ICCF-4
3558	Journal Article	Salvarezza, R. C., Montemayor, M. C., Fatas, E., Arvia, A. J.	1991	Electrochemical study of hydrogen absorption in polycrystalline palladium	J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol = 313					Electrochemical study of hydrogen absorption in polycrystalline palladium	loading, Pd, H2O, electrolysis, overvoltage
3557	Journal Article	Salomons, E. M., Feenstra, R., de Groot, D. G., Rector, J. H., Griessen, R.	1987	Pressure-Composition Isotherms of Thin Pd-H Films	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 130					Pressure-Composition Isotherms of Thin Pd-H Films	Pd, H, Phase Diagram, layer
3556	Journal Article	Salamon, M. H., Wrenn, M. E., Bergeson, H. E., Crawford, K. C., Delaney, W. H., Henderson, C. L., Li, Y. Q., Rusho, J. A., Sandquist, G. M., Seltzer, S. M.	1990	Limits on the emission of neutrons, gamma-rays, electrons and protons from Pons/Fleischmann electrolytic cells	Nature (London), Vol = 344					Limits on the emission of neutrons, gamma-rays, electrons and protons from Pons/Fleischmann electrolytic cells	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, neutron, gamma emission
3555	Journal Article	Sakoh, H., Miyoshi, Y., Taniike, A., Furuyama, Y., Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y., Murota, T., Tahara, T.	2014	Hydrogen isotope absorption and heat release characteristics of a Ni-based sample	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					Hydrogen isotope absorption and heat release characteristics of a Ni-based sample	Catalyst, Cu?i alloy nano-powder, Protium absorption	Recently, several researchers claimed excess heat from Ni-based alloy samples under application to gas-phase protium absorption experiments instead of expensive Pd-based nanocompounds. We have performed hydrogen isotope absorption runs using the Cu-Ni-ZrO2(CNZ) and Ni-ZrO2(NZ) nano-powders. We observed long-lasting temperature change corresponding to astonishingly large output energy of several hundred eV/atom-Ni.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=481
3554	Journal Article	Sakamoto, Y., Ohira, K., Kokubu, M., Flanagan, T. B.	1997	Thermodynamic properties for solutions of hydrogen in Pd-Pt-Rh alloys	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 253-254					Thermodynamic properties for solutions of hydrogen in Pd-Pt-Rh alloys	thermodynamic, Pd-Pt-Rh, H2, phase diagram, pressure
3553	Journal Article	Sakamoto, Y., Imoto, M., Takai, K., Yanaru, T., Ohshima, K.	1996	Calorimetric enthalpies for palladium-hydrogen (deuterium) systems at H(D) contents up to about [H]([D])/[Pd] = 0.86	J. Phys.: Condens. Mater., Vol = 8					Calorimetric enthalpies for palladium-hydrogen (deuterium) systems at H(D) contents up to about [H]([D])/[Pd] = 0.86	enthalpy of formation, thermodynamic, pressure
3552	Conference Proceedings	Sakamoto, Y., Imoto, M., Takai, K., Yanaru, T.	1996	Calorimetric Enthalpies in the b-phase Regions of Pd Black-H(D) Systems	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 162	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Calorimetric Enthalpies in the b-phase Regions of Pd Black-H(D) Systems	Pd-H, Pd-D, enthalpy of formation thermodynamic, pressure ICCF-6 PdD PdH	The enthalpies for the reaction of gaseous hydrogen and deuterium with palladium black in p-prrase region have been measured in the temperature range-323 K to 194.5 K and pressures up to about 7.6 MPa of H2(D2) using a differential heat flow low temperature calorimeter. The calorimetrically determined enthalpies, Delta HH(D), for solution in the p-phase regions of 0.7	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=177
3551	Journal Article	Sakamoto, Y., Chen, F. L., Ura, M., Flanagan, T. B.	1995	Thermodynamic properties for solution of hydrogen in palladium-based binary alloys	Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., Vol = 99, Num = 6, Page = 807					Thermodynamic properties for solution of hydrogen in palladium-based binary alloys	Pd, thermodynamic, H2
3550	Conference Proceedings	Sakamoto, S.	1993	Observations of Cold Fusion Neutrons from Condensed Matter	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 19		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Observations of Cold Fusion Neutrons from Condensed Matter	neutron, Pd, D2O, NaOH, ICCF-4, electrolysis
3549	Conference Proceedings	Sakaguchi, H., Adachi, G., Nagao, K.	1992	Helium Isotopes from Deuterium Absorbed in LaNi5	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 527	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Helium Isotopes from Deuterium Absorbed in LaNi5	Helium, D2, LaNi5 ICCF-3	Helium isotopes (3He and 4He) from D2 and H2 gases absorbed in LaNi4 were analyzed with a noble gas mass spectrometer. The reproducible increase in 3He, corresponding to a fusion probability of > 8.0?10^-24 d-d*s^-1, was observed on the D2-experiment, whereas 3He was not formed by the reaction of H2 and LaNi5. 4He production was unreliable, because the reproducibility of the result has not been obtained. D2 absorbed in LaNi5 was found to produce He-3. H2 produced no effect.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=265
3548	Conference Proceedings	Saito, T., Sumi, M., Asami, N., Ikegami, H.	1995	Studies on Fleischmann-Pons Calorimetry with ICARUS 1	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 105	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Studies on Fleischmann-Pons Calorimetry with ICARUS 1	D2O, Pd, heat, electrolysis, critique, Fleischmann, ICCF-5	The Fleischmann-Pons calorimetry (FPC) is examined with the ICARUS 1 system, which is identical to the original cells which they designed for their calorimetry. In the present experimental studies, a critical evaluation is made of their original method (FPC) and a modified version of FPC is proposed. Its usefulness and validity is experimentally examined by detecting and regenerating artificial heat pulses regarded as heat excess. The original calorimeter design of P-F was used and evaluated. Using a Pt cathode, the error in the technique was found to be ??0.3 W. The calculation method of PF was found to be inadequate and was modified to give a sensitivity of 30 mW.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=121
3547	Journal Article	Saito, N., Sakuta, K., Sawata, S., Tanimoto, M., Takata, N.	1991	Measurement of neutrons from cold fusion	Hoshasen, Vol = 17, Num = 1, Page = 31 (in Japanese)					Measurement of neutrons from cold fusion	neutron, Pd, D2, electrolysis
3546	Journal Article	Saito, N., Sakuta, K., Sawata, S., Tanimoto, M., Takata, N.	1990	Search for cold-fusion neutrons from palladium breathing deuterons	Denshi Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho Iho, Vol = 54, Num = 9, Page = 986 (in Japanese)					Search for cold-fusion neutrons from palladium breathing deuterons	Pd, D2, electrolysis, neutron, D2
3545	Journal Article	Sahni, V. C.	1990	Comment on 'Cold fusion in condensed matter: is a theoretical description in terms of usual solid state physics possible?'	Mod. Phys. Lett. B, Vol = 4, Num = 7, Page = 497					Comment on 'Cold fusion in condensed matter: is a theoretical description in terms of usual solid state physics possible?'	theory, critique, Schommers
3544	Journal Article	Sada, H.	1997	Theory of nuclear reactions in solids	Fusion Technol., Vol = 32					Theory of nuclear reactions in solids	Theory, Bloch
3543	Journal Article	Ryan, R. R., Garcia, E., Dickinson, J. T., Schmidt, S., Fowler, M., Wilhelmy, J., Voter, A., Agnew, S., Swanson, B.	1989	Exploration of the Possibility of Fracturing Processes of Metal Deuterides (or Tritides) as a Mechanism for Nuclear Fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					Exploration of the Possibility of Fracturing Processes of Metal Deuterides (or Tritides) as a Mechanism for Nuclear Fusion	fractofusion, proposal
3542	Journal Article	Ruzic, D. N., Schatz, K., Nguyen, P. L.	1989	A novel apparatus to investigate the possibility of plasma-assisted cold fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					A novel apparatus to investigate the possibility of plasma-assisted cold fusion	gas discharge, method, Pd, D2
3541	Journal Article	Russell, J. L.	1993	On the nature of the cold fusion process	Ann. Nucl. Energy, Vol = 20					On the nature of the cold fusion process	theory, dineutron
3540	Journal Article	Russell, J. L.	1991	Proposed heat producing nuclear reaction for cold fusion	Ann. Nucl. Energy, Vol = 18					Proposed heat producing nuclear reaction for cold fusion	theory
3539	Journal Article	Russell, J. L.	1991	Virtual electron capture in deuterium	Ann. Nucl. Energy, Vol = 18					Virtual electron capture in deuterium	theory, dineutron
3538	Journal Article	Russell, J. L.	1990	Plausibility argument for a suggested mechanism for cold fusion	Ann. Nucl. Energy, Vol = 17, Num = 10, Page = 545					Plausibility argument for a suggested mechanism for cold fusion	theory, dineutron
3537	Journal Article	Rusov, V. D., Zelentsova, T. N., Semenov, M. Yu., Radin, I. V., Babikova, Yu. F., Kruglyak, Yu. A.	1989	Fast neutron recording by dielectric track detectors in a palladium-deuterated-tritated water system in an electrolytic cell	Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., Vol = 15, Num = 19, Page = 9 (In Russian)					Fast neutron recording by dielectric track detectors in a palladium-deuterated-tritated water system in an electrolytic cell	D2O, T2O, Pd-Ag, electrolysis, CR-39, neutron
3536	Journal Article	Rusetskiy, A. S., Bagulya, A. V., Kalkarov, O. D., Negodaev, M. A., Chubenko, A. P., Lyakhov, B. F., Saunin, E. I., Ralchenko, V. G.	2016	Investigation of Enhancement and Stimulation of DD-reaction Yields in Crystalline Deuterated Heterostructures at Low Energies using the HELIS Ion Accelerator	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					264 Investigation of Enhancement and Stimulation of DD-reaction Yields in Crystalline Deuterated Heterostructures at Low Energies using the HELIS Ion Accelerator	Enhancement of reaction yield, DD-reaction, Ion accelerator, Neutron detector, Plastic track detector	In this study, we present the results of studies of DD reactions in crystalline heterostructures at low energies using the ion accelerator HELIS. The results of measurements of the DD-reaction yields from the Pd/PdO:Dx and the Ti/TiO2:Dx heterostructures in the energy range of 10?25 keV are presented. The neutron and proton fluxes are measured using a neutron detector based on 3Hecounters and a CR-39 plastic track detector. Comparisons with calculations show significant DD-reaction yield enhancement. It was first shown that the impact of the H+ and Ne+ ion beams in the energy range of 10?25 keV at currents of 0.01?0.1 mA on the deuterated heterostructure results in an appreciable DD-reaction yield stimulation. We also studied the neutron yield in DD reactions within a polycrystalline deuterium-saturated CVD diamond, during irradiation of its surface by a deuterium ion beam with energy of less than 30 keV. The measurements of the neutron flux in the beam direction are performed in dependence on the target angle, Beta, with respect to the beam axis. A significant anisotropy in neutron yield is observed, it was higher by a factor of 3 at Beta = 0 compared to that at Beta = +/- 45 deg.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=272
3535	Journal Article	Rugari, S. L., France, R. H., Lund, B. J., Smolen, S. D., Zhao, Z., Gai, M., Lynn, K. G.	1991	Upper limits on emission of neutrons from Ti in pressurized D2 gas cells: A test of evidence for 'cold fusion'	Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., Vol = 43					Upper limits on emission of neutrons from Ti in pressurized D2 gas cells: A test of evidence for 'cold fusion'	D2, titanium, Ti-Pd, neutron
3534	Journal Article	Ruer, J.	2020	Could LENR Change the World?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Could LENR Change the World?	Climate change, Final energy, Fossil fuels, Global energy consumption, Greenhouse gases, Hydrogen, MHE, Nuclear, Oil, Primary energy, Renewables, Toe	World energy consumption is equivalent to 13865 million tons of oil (2018). Eighty one percent of energy is provided by fossil fuels. Energy generation releases 34 Gt of CO2 into the environment annually, which produces climate change. This paper considers the potential scenario with LENR sources of clean energy. It is based on the supposition that the new energy is generated by Metal Hydrogen Energy (MHE) stationary reactors that deliver heat at different temperature levels (100?200?350 deg C) as the technology evolves along the years. The potential penetration of LENR energy is analyzed taking into account the different conversion routes between the primary energy sources and the final industrial and domestic users. It is assumed that MHE replaces all conventional sources operated at a similar temperature level.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=320
3533	Journal Article	Ruer, J.	2020	Basics of Air-Flow Calorimetry	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Basics of Air-Flow Calorimetry	Air flow calorimetry, Air heat capacity, Calibration, Flow meters, Heat measurement, High temperature, Transpiration cooling, Craters , Explosion, LENR, Melting	In the Mass Flow Calorimetry method, the heat released by an LENR reactor under test is measured by monitoring the temperature increase of a known flow of fluid passing over it. In the Air Flow Calorimetry method (AFC), the fluid is air. AFC appears to be a relatively simple method to measure the amount of heat produced by an LENR reactor. It is well suited when the LENR reactor surface temperature is high. It is easier to build than mass flow calorimeters using water-cooled or oil-cooled systems. Basically, the calorimeter is designed such that all the heat produced by the device under test is transferred to a known mass flow of cooling air. The accuracy of the method is governed by the control of the heat losses, the mass flow-rate of cooling air, the air heat capacity, the measure of the average air temperatures at inlet and outlet. Transpiration cooling is an efficient design to minimize the heat losses. The AFC method can be applied to reactors of any size and surface temperature. Its use is restricted to the testing of reactors that work continuously, because thermal equilibrium must be reached to make valid measurements. A thorough calibration procedure is essential to minimize the influence of errors on mass flows and temperature differences.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=258
3532	Journal Article	Ruer, J., French, D., Yuill, D.	2019	Reaction of the Hydrogen with Air During the Desorption of Palladium Hydride	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Reaction of the Hydrogen with Air During the Desorption of Palladium Hydride	Diffusion, Explosion, Hydride dissociation, Ignition, Meltdown, Palladium, Self-heating, 1 cm cube	Palladium cathodes can be loaded with hydrogen or deuterium by electrolysis. Sometimes, when a piece of loaded palladium is removed from the cell, it turns red hot. A simplified numerical model confirms that high temperatures can be reached. The process requires a catalytic metal surface. The combination of a detonation in the gas phase and of palladium self-heating may offer an alternative scenario to explain the meltdown of the Fleischmann and Pons cell operated with a 1 cm cube palladium cathode.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=295
3531	Journal Article	Ruer, J., Biberian, J. P.	2018	Reanalysis of an Explosion in a LENR Experiment	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 26					Reanalysis of an Explosion in a LENR Experiment	Deflagration, Detonation, Electrolytic cell, Explosion, Pd cathode, SWACER	An electrolytic cell operated with a hollow Pd cathode exploded in 2004. The violence of the explosion was surprising. We decided to re-analyze this event. The examination of the cell remnants indicate that the explosion occurred in the gas phase, and the electrodes seem unaffected. The stoichiometric H2??2 mix can explode following different mechanisms that are briefly reviewed. A particular phenomenon called Shock Wave Amplification by Coherent Energy Release (SWACER) is able to produce strong detonations. A gas quantity similar to the original cell ignited by a hot spot or a spark produces only weak explosions that do not break the glass tube. Strong detonations are reproducibly obtained with a setup designed to induce the SWACER. The re-analysis of the event shows that the explosion was probably triggered by the SWACER resulting from a reaction in the hollow Pd cathode. In order to avoid accidents in the future during the operation of closed electrolytic cells, it is advised in addition to the conventional safety measures to avoid the presence of hollow, gas-filled metallic pieces in the reactor gas space, like a tube or a folded sheet.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedy.pdf#page=81
3530	Journal Article	Ruer, J.	2017	Simulation of the Behavior of Exotic Neutral Particles by a Monte-Carlo Modelisation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 23					Simulation of the Behavior of Exotic Neutral Particles by a Monte-Carlo Modelisation	Brownian motion, Exotic neutral particles, Hot spots, Monte-Carlo, Particle lifetime, Simulation	Hot spots are small features that some authors suppose are created by a sudden local release of thermal energy. For example, the estimation of the energy involved in the formation of a 2 ? crater is 3 ? 10-8 J or 2 ? 105 MeV. Some theories attempting to explain these phenomena, and excess heat in general, involve the role of Exotic Neutral Particles (ENP), like Polyneutrons or Erzions. According to such theories, these ENPs are relatively rare. The problem investigated in this paper is whether a single particle may trigger a series of many reactions within a short time in solids that are properly loaded. A Monte-Carlo simulation has been written to study the potential behavior of ENPs. It is shown that the ENPs follow a developed and Brownian type movement. The number of reactions occurring at a given depth below the surface is calculated, as well as the probability for a series to exceed a given value. From a pure mathematical viewpoint, a parallel can be made between the diffusion laws and Brownian motion. It is shown that a small fraction of the ENP flux can trigger large series of reaction, to the point that the energy that can be produced is not limited if the ENP is stable as long as it is present in the lattice. It is necessary to introduce a limited lifetime with a decay to reconcile the model with the experimental observations. The discussion of the simulation results in the light of experimental data leads me to propose a mean free path on the order of 100 ?, and a lifetime in the nanosecond range.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedv.pdf#page=32
3529	Journal Article	Ruer, J.	2017	Basic Design Considerations for Industrial LENR Reactors	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 22					Basic Design Considerations for Industrial LENR Reactors	Gas leakage, Heat engines, Power control, Runaway, Self-sustaining, Stability, Thermal insulation	LENR reactors able to deliver heat at a high temperature can be coupled with heat engines to generate electric power. The conditions of temperature and COP to achieve self-sustaining operation are given. According to the literature, the heat generation rate of some LENR processes increases rapidly with the temperature. This phenomenon dictates the cooling criteria to maintain a stable reactor operation. Power control can be obtained through appropriate temperature regulation. Several types of heat engines can be coupled to LENR reactors with appropriate power control. Heat losses must be minimized with sufficient thermal insulation. The insulation enclosure is also useful to recover the leaks of light gas, if any are present in the system.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedu.pdf#page=12
3528	Journal Article	Ruer, J.	2016	Characterization of Energy Fluxes in LENR Reactors ?xcess Heat, Coefficient of Performance and Conditions for Self-sustained Operation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 21					Characterization of Energy Fluxes in LENR Reactors ?xcess Heat, Coefficient of Performance and Conditions for Self-sustained Operation	Carnot, COP, Ericsson, Excess heat, Gain, Insulation, ORC, Self-sustained, Stirling, Thermal engine	LENR reactors are considered as units that operate at a temperature above ambient and need an excitation provided by a supply powered by electricity. Different modes of operation are described following the characteristics of the heat and energy balance. LENR reactors may be characterized by different parameters, Coefficient of Performance (COP) or Energy Amplification factor (A). The thermal insulation plays an important role. LENR reactors that require external heating in small units may become self-sustained for large sizes. The production of electricity involves the coupling with a thermal machine. The system is able to export power if the COP and the temperature are high enough.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedt.pdf#page=18
3527	Journal Article	Ruer, J.	2014	Response to Comment on the Article ‘Simulation of Crater Formation on LENR Cathodes Surfaces’	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 14 (2014) 5–14					Response to Comment on the Article 'Simulation of Crater Formation on LENR Cathodes Surfaces'	Cooling, Craters, Expansion, Hydride dissociation, LENR, Melting	In Ref. [1] the kinetics of heat transfer during the heat bursts at the origin of the formation of the micro-craters on Pd cathodes during electrolysis are discussed. It is assumed that LENR is the source of energy. In Ref. [2], M. Tsirlin made several comments. The present paper answers these comments. Tsirlin thinks it is premature to accept the fact that craters result from LENR events. Other less exotic phenomena should be considered first to explain the crater formation, before nuclear reactions. Tsirlin proposes three potential heat sources: (A) Recombination (molarization) of atomic hydrogen. (B) Oxidation of the hydrogen at the cathode surface by oxygen evolved at the anode. (C) Sudden emissions of the absorbed gas.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedm.pdf#page=11
3526	Journal Article	Ruer, J.	2013	Simulation of Crater Formation on LENR Cathodes Surfaces	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 12					Simulation of Crater Formation on LENR Cathodes Surfaces	Cooling, Craters , Explosion, LENR, Melting	Many authors reported the presence of small-size craters on the surface of cathodes after Low-energy Nuclear Reaction (LENR) electrolysis experiments. It is conjectured the craters result from violent reactions, perhaps of nuclear origin. Nagel proposed a correlation between the crater diameter and the energy involved in its formation. Starting from this assumption, it can be estimated that the enthalpy released can raise the temperature of the crater content to about 2000 K. A simple model is used to calculate the crater cooling by conduction and radiation. It gives the order of magnitude of the maximum event duration in order to achieve some melting of the cathode material. The duration of the eruption is estimated from the gas pressure developed within the crater. A value of 6 ns is obtained for a 2? diameter, and 600 ns for a 20? crater. In large craters, a part of inner material can be molten. Small craters are strongly cooled by the surrounding metal and do not show signs of fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedk.pdf#page=59
3525	Journal Article	Rudesill, J.	2007	An Interview with Dr. Edmund Storms	Infinite Energy					An Interview with Dr. Edmund Storms		An interview with Edmund Storms and a discussion of the book 'The Science of Low Energy Nuclear Reaction: A Comprehensive Compilation of Evidence and Explanations About Cold Fusion.'	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RudesillJanintervie.pdf
3524	Journal Article	Rout, R. K., Shyam, A., Srinivasan, M., Garg, A. B., Shrikhande, V. K.	1996	Reproducible, anomalous emissions from palladium deuteride/hydride	Fusion Technol., Vol = 30					Reproducible, anomalous emissions from palladium deuteride/hydride	electrolysis, autoradiograph, Pd, H2O, D2O, film, new radiation	Each and every palladium sample loaded/reloaded either with hydrogen or deuterium was observed to fog radiographic films kept in its close proximity in air. Strangely, even with ten layers of black paper (thickness ≈63 mg/cm^2) as a filter between film and sample, fogging was observed. On the other hand, no fogging could be observed even when thin beryllium foil (≈1.4 mg/cm^2), three layers of transparent polyester foils (≈10 mg/cm^2), or thin aluminized polycarbonate (0.3 mg/cm^2) were employed as filters. Several experiments have been performed to identify the phenomenon responsible for fogging. These experiments appear to rule out any of the known mechanisms, suggesting a new, strange, and unknown phenomena.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKreproducib.pdf
3523	Journal Article	Rout, R. K., Shyam, A., Srinivasan, M., Krishnan, M. S.	1993	Update on observation of low-energy emissions from deuterated and hydrated palladium	Indian J. Technol., Vol = 31					Update on observation of low-energy emissions from deuterated and hydrated palladium	Pd, D2, H2, CR-39, film
3522	Conference Proceedings	Rout, R. K., Shyam, A., Srinivasan, M., Garg, A. B.	1992	Phenomenon of Low Energy Emission from Hydrogen/Deuterium Loaded Palladium	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 547	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Phenomenon of Low Energy Emission from Hydrogen/Deuterium Loaded Palladium	autoradiograph, film, electron emission, PdD, radiation. ICCF-3	Palladium loaded with either hydrogen or deuterium is found to give a clear autoradiograph on exposure to X-ray film. The phenomena is found to be 100% reproducible and is independent of the technique of loading, be it electrolytic, gas loading, plasma discharge or ion implantation. It appears only if the exposure to X-ray film is done in atmosphere of hydrogen, oxygen or air. These emissions are also detected by TLD measurements. Investigations seeking to identify the nature/energy of the radiation through transmission measurements using various filters tentatively indicate that the radiations could be low energy electrons having an energy of around 300 to 400 eV.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKphenomenon.pdf
3521	Journal Article	Rout, R. K., Shyam, A., Srinivasan, M., Bansal, A.	1991	Copious low energy emissions from palladium loaded with hydrogen or deuterium	Indian J. Technol., Vol = 29					Copious low energy emissions from palladium loaded with hydrogen or deuterium	Pd, D2, film, x-ray, electrolysis, autoradiograph, Zr, Hf, Ni-Ti	Palladium samples were loaded with deuterium and hydrogen using plasma focus and other loading techniques. Each sample, loaded so far, was observed to be emitting low energy, low intensity radiations. These radiations have been detected and analyzed by autoradiography and other supporting techniques.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKcopiouslow.pdf
3520	Journal Article	Rout, R. K., Srinivasan, M., Shyam, A., Chitra, V.	1991	Detection of high tritium activity on the central titanium electrode of a plasma focus device	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19					Detection of high tritium activity on the central titanium electrode of a plasma focus device	titanium, tritium, ion bombardment, D2	A 2-kJ Mather plasma focus device is used to deuterate the top end surface (or tip) of its central titanium electrode to investigate the occurrence of anomalous nuclear reactions in the context of the 'cold fusion' phenomenon. The tip of the central titanium electrode is found to develop at least a few tens of microcuries of tritium after several plasma focus discharges. Neither the tritium impurity level in the deuterium gas used in the experiment nor the tritium branch of the d-d reactions that are known to occur in plasma focus devices can account for such activity in the electrode. Anomalous nuclear reactions in the deuterated titanium lattice appear to be the most probable source of this high activity.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKdetectiono.pdf
3519	Book Section	Rout, R. K., Srinivasan, M., Shyam, A.	1989	Autoradiography of Deuterated Ti and Pd Targets for Spatially Resolved Detection of Tritium Produced by Cold Fusion	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion	Iyengar, P. K., Srinivasan, M.	Atomic Energy Commission	Bombay		Autoradiography of Deuterated Ti and Pd Targets for Spatially Resolved Detection of Tritium Produced by Cold Fusion	Ti, autoradiograph, x-ray	Introduction For the last few months, hectic activity has been underway in various laboratories to study the Cold Fusion phenomenon. De Ninno et al. reported emission of neutrons from titanium metal loaded with deuterium gas under pressure. Similar experiments have been conducted at Trombay. We report here evidence of cold fusion in D2 gas loaded Ti and Pd targets through the use of autoradiography for spatially resolved detection of tritium. Our study employed three different techniques to observe tritium: (i) Autoradiography using X-ray films. (ii) Characteristic X-ray measurement of titanium, excited by the tritium β. (iii) Liquid scintillation method for tritium β counting.	1500 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKautoradiog.pdf
3518	Conference Proceedings	Roussetski, A. S., Lipson, A., Tanzella, F. L., Saunin, E. I., McKubre, M. C. H.	2009	Evidence for Fast Neutron Emission During SRI's SPARWAR/GALILEO Type Electrolysis Experiments #7 and #5, Based on CR39 Track Detector Record	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Evidence for Fast Neutron Emission During SRI's SPARWAR/GALILEO Type Electrolysis Experiments #7 and #5, Based on CR39 Track Detector Record		We have reported [1] the detailed analysis of the CR-39 detector (Landauer) from SRI's #BE013-7 (#7) Pd deposition experiment where the detector was separated from the cathode wire by a 6 ? Mylar? film. The Mylar? protected the CR-39 surface from chemical, mechanical, and electrostatic (spark discharge) damage during electrolysis. In this report we compared those results with that of the CR-39 detector, installed as in #7, in an identically operated cell using light water and with the background detector placed 2 m from the electrolytic cell.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceedinga.pdf#page=48
3517	Conference Proceedings	Roussetski, A. S., Negodaev, M. N., Lipson, A.	2009	Multifunctional Ion Beam Installation ?ELIS? as a new instrument for advanced LENR research	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Multifunctional Ion Beam Installation ?ELIS? as a new instrument for advanced LENR research		The ion beam installation HELIS (P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia) represents an ion accelerator of light elements with atomic number in the range Z=1-54 with ion energies ranging from 0.5 to 50 keV operating at deuteron current densities up to 2 A/cm2 and intended to perform a wide spectrum of physical experiments related to LENR.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=226
3516	Conference Proceedings	Roussetski, A. S., Lipson, A. G., Lyakhov, B. F., Saunin, E. I.	2005	Correct identification of energetic alpha and proton tracks in experiments on CR-39 charged particle detection during hydrogen desorption from Pd/PdO:Hx heterostructure (PowerPoint slides)	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Correct identification of energetic alpha and proton tracks in experiments on CR-39 charged particle detection during hydrogen desorption from Pd/PdO:Hx heterostructure (PowerPoint slides)	cr-39, particle emission	Earlier experiments have showed emissions of energetic charged particles (α-particles and protons) during exothermic H desorption from the Pd/PdO:Hx heterostructures. The occurrence of these emissions was confirmed by independent experiments using both Si-surface barrier and CR-39 plastic track detectors. Earlier we already showed that purified CR-39 plastic track detectors can be considered as an adequate scientific instrument, which suitable for detection of individual uniformly distributed charged particles and also for the groups of these particles being emitted from the active spots ('hot zones') attributed to the maximum internal strain area at the surface of PdDx and TiDx samples. The analysis of CR-39 data showed that in some cases energetic charged particle tracks (α-particles and protons) concentrated inside the small spots of detector. The typical 'hot zone' with ~200 tracks within the area with the size of 0.2 ? 0.5 mm2 were found to be appeared during the hydrogen desorption experiments with Pd/PdO:Hx samples.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Roussetskicorrectidea.pdf
3515	Conference Proceedings	Roussetski, A. S., Lipson, A. G., Lyakhov, B. F., Saunin, E. I.	2005	Correct identification of energetic alpha and proton tracks in experiments on CR-39 charged particle detection during hydrogen desorption from Pd/PdO:Hx heterostructure	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Correct identification of energetic alpha and proton tracks in experiments on CR-39 charged particle detection during hydrogen desorption from Pd/PdO:Hx heterostructure	cr-39, particle emission
3514	Conference Proceedings	Roussetski, A. S.	2004	Cr-39 Track Detectors In Cold Fusion Experiments: Review And Perspectives	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Cr-39 Track Detectors In Cold Fusion Experiments: Review And Perspectives	cr-39, particle emission	Introduction Earlier experiments [1,2] have showed emissions of DD-reaction products (3-MeV protons) and energetic charged particle emission (a-particles) during exothermic D(H) desorption from the Pd/PdO:D(H) heterostructures. The occurrence of these emissions was confirmed by independent experiments using both Si-surface barrier and CR-39 plastic track detectors [3, 4].	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Roussetskicrtrackdet.pdf
3513	Conference Proceedings	Roussetski, A. S., Lipson, A. G., Andreanov, V. P.	2003	Nuclear Emissions from Titanium Hydride/Deuteride, Induced by Powerful Picosecond Laser Beam	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Nuclear Emissions from Titanium Hydride/Deuteride, Induced by Powerful Picosecond Laser Beam	charged particle, laser stimulation	The emission of nuclear particles (protons, deuterons, neutrons and alphas) was detected during irradiation of different targets, including 30 mm thick Ti-metal and Ti-deuteride foils as well as CH2- film, by picosecond laser beam (I= 2.0 x 10^18 W/cm^2, l=1.053 mm). The nominally pure Ti-metal target contained some amount of adsorbed hydrogen (TiHx).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Roussetskinuclearemi.pdf
3512	Conference Proceedings	Roussetski, A. S., Saunnin, E. I.	2002	Long-range a-particle emission from PuNi2 structure	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Long-range a-particle emission from PuNi2 structure 4037	alpha, emission, Pu, Pd, Ni, fractofusion, strain
3511	Conference Proceedings	Roussetski, A. S.	2000	Application of CR-39 Plastic Track Detector for Detection of DD and DT-Reaction Products in Cold Fusion Experiments	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 253	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Application of CR-39 Plastic Track Detector for Detection of DD and DT-Reaction Products in Cold Fusion Experiments	CR-39, particle emission, layer, Au-Pd-PdO, method, ICCF-8	The results of application of CR-39 plastic track detector in Cold Fusion experiments are presented. According to the calibration, this detector registered not only dd-fusion reaction products, but also dT ones. The procedures for identifying different particles of dd and dT-reaction are recommended. According to these procedures the possible levels of dd and dT-reactions in different experiments have been estimated.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Roussetskiapplicatio.pdf
3510	Conference Proceedings	Roussetski, A. S.	1998	Observation of (DD)-Fusion Reaction Products in Electrolyticaly Deuterized PdO/Pd Structures	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 466	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Observation of (DD)-Fusion Reaction Products in Electrolyticaly Deuterized PdO/Pd Structures	neutron, PdO, layer particle emission, ICCF-7	The mission of protons and neutrons was observed in deuterized PdO/Pd structures. The ratio of proton and neutron fluxes was estimated as Np/Nn ~ 1. The neutron emission was measured by two types of detectors: (one) by plastic scintillation detector with Cd and (2) by detector based on helium-3-counters. Charged particle emission was measured by the CR-32 plastic track detector. The results of experiments with different detectors are in good agreement with each other. The data obtained allow us to make a conclusion , that (dd)-fusion reactions take place in deuterized PdO/Pd structures.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=466
3509	Conference Proceedings	Roussetski, A. S.	1996	Investigation of Nuclear Emissions in the Process of D(H) Escaping from Deuterized (Hydrogenized) PdO-Pd-PdO and PdO-Ag Samples	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 345	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Investigation of Nuclear Emissions in the Process of D(H) Escaping from Deuterized (Hydrogenized) PdO-Pd-PdO and PdO-Ag Samples	particle emission, Pd, neutron, alpha, protron, CR-39, irradiation, ICCF-6, Helium	Emission of proton-like and neutron-like events was observed in the process of escaping deuterium from deuterized PdO-Pd-Ag and PdO-Pd-PdO samples. The ratio of the proton-like and neutron-like event fluxes was estimated as Np/Nn ~ 1.The charged particle emission was also observed in the process of escaping hydrogen from hydrogenized PdO-Pd-Ag and PdO-Pd-PdO samples. The emitted charged particles may be identified asprotons and a-particles. Investigation of charged-particle emission was carried out by 3 methods: (1) plastic scintillation counter; (2) Si-SSD; (3) CR-39 plastic track detector. The results obtained by these independent methods are in good agreement with each other.An effect of the weak thermal neutron flux on the processesof cold fusion in the samples loaded with D(H) was also investigated. It was observed that the flux of neutrons emitted from deuterized PdO-Pd-Ag samples exposed by thermal neutrons was approximately 300 times as large as in the case of unexposed samples.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=360
3508	Journal Article	Rousseau, D. L.	1992	Case studies in pathological science	Am. Sci., Vol = 80					Case studies in pathological science	history
3507	Conference Proceedings	Roulette, T., Roulette, J., Pons, S.	1996	Results of ICARUS 9 Experiments Run at IMRA Europe	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 85-92	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Results of ICARUS 9 Experiments Run at IMRA Europe	Excess heat, calorimeter	INTRODUCTION We describe herein the construction, testing, calibration and use of a high power dissipation calorimeter suitable for the measurements of excess enthalpy generation in Pd / Pd alloy cathodes during the electrolysis of heavy water electrolytes at temperatures up to and including the boiling point of the electrolyte. With the present design, power dissipation up to about 400W is possible. Excess power levels of up to ~250% of the input power have been observed with these calorimeters in some experiments. Extensions of the design to include recombination catalysts on open and pressurized cells will be the subject of a future report.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RouletteTresultsofi.pdf
3506	Report	Rothwell, J.	2020	Review of the calorimetry of Fleischmann and Pons (Chinese version)	ICCF20 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Review of the calorimetry of Fleischmann and Pons (Chinese version) Zhang, W-S.	History, calorimetry, excess heat, review	Chinese version, translated by Zhang, W-S. This is an introduction to the calorimetry in experiments by Fleischmann and Pons. From 1989 to 1993, they published a series of papers describing three methods of calorimetry: isoperibolic, phase change and a cooling curve analysis. These experiments culminated in boil-off experiments in which cells produced over 100 W of excess heat, and stayed hot for hours without input power. In 1996, Pons reported another series of experiments in which reactions up to 101 W were sustained continuously for up to 70 days with reflux calorimeters. This introduction is for the general reader. It includes definitions of the isoperibolic, phase change and other methods, a discussion of how calibrations are performed, and some of the advanced features of Fleischmann and Pons? equipment and methods. Some skeptics claim that their calorimetry was unreliable or controversial. Some of the skeptics' objections are reviewed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJreviewofthb.pdf
3505	Report	Rothwell, J.	2020	Review of the calorimetry of Fleischmann and Pons (Japanese version)	ICCF20 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Review of the calorimetry of Fleischmann and Pons (Japanese version)	History, calorimetry, excess heat, review	Japanese version. This is an introduction to the calorimetry in experiments by Fleischmann and Pons. From 1989 to 1993, they published a series of papers describing three methods of calorimetry: isoperibolic, phase change and a cooling curve analysis. These experiments culminated in boil-off experiments in which cells produced over 100 W of excess heat, and stayed hot for hours without input power. In 1996, Pons reported another series of experiments in which reactions up to 101 W were sustained continuously for up to 70 days with reflux calorimeters. This introduction is for the general reader. It includes definitions of the isoperibolic, phase change and other methods, a discussion of how calibrations are performed, and some of the advanced features of Fleischmann and Pons? equipment and methods. Some skeptics claim that their calorimetry was unreliable or controversial. Some of the skeptics? objections are reviewed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJreviewoftha.pdf
3504	Report	Rothwell, J.	2020	Review of the calorimetry of Fleischmann and Pons	ICCF20 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Review of the calorimetry of Fleischmann and Pons	History, calorimetry, excess heat, review	This is an introduction to the calorimetry in experiments by Fleischmann and Pons. From 1989 to 1993, they published a series of papers describing three methods of calorimetry: isoperibolic, phase change and a cooling curve analysis. These experiments culminated in boil-off experiments in which cells produced over 100 W of excess heat, and stayed hot for hours without input power. In 1996, Pons reported another series of experiments in which reactions up to 101 W were sustained continuously for up to 70 days with reflux calorimeters. This introduction is for the general reader. It includes definitions of the isoperibolic, phase change and other methods, a discussion of how calibrations are performed, and some of the advanced features of Fleischmann and Pons? equipment and methods. Some skeptics claim that their calorimetry was unreliable or controversial. Some of the skeptics' objections are reviewed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJreviewofth.pdf
3503	Conference Proceedings	Rothwell, J.	2016	Cold Fusion Will Lower the Cost of both Energy and Equipment	ICCF20 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Sendai, Japan		Cold Fusion Will Lower the Cost of both Energy and Equipment	History	Cold fusion will lower the cost of energy because the fuel costs nothing. It will also greatly reduce the cost of many machines, especially electric generators. The cost of generators is likely to fall by a factor of 200, from $2,000/kW to $10/kW, which is the cost difference between a power company central generator and a portable gasoline generator. A radical reduction in the cost of one device does not always reduce the cost of others. Since 1900, the cost of illumination has fallen by a factor of 80, but this has not directly reduced the cost of other goods and services by a similar factor. Since 1970, the cost of computer memory has fallen by a factor of 108. Microprocessors and cheap memory enhanced many products. They brought us the Internet and ubiquitous cheap computing. But so far they have not drastically lowered costs outside of computer applications. Cold fusion is different. All machines use energy, so cold fusion will lower the cost of everything, but it will have the biggest impact replacing large, expensive machines with small mass-produced versions. Other new sources of energy such as solar panels also have zero cost fuel, but they will not reduce the cost of other machines. Only cold fusion can do this. It follows that the most profitable use of cold fusion in the first decades after it is introduced will be to replace existing technology, rather than to make radical new technology. Microprocessors brought us machines we did not have, such as cell phones and the Internet. Cold fusion will ? at first ? dramatically lower the cost of machines we already have.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJcoldfusionb.pdf
3502	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	2015	Lessons from cold fusion archives and from history (Japanese version)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					Lessons from cold fusion archives and from history (Japanese version)	History	Japanese version	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJlessonsfroa.pdf
3501	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	2015	Lessons from cold fusion archives and from history	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					Lessons from cold fusion archives and from history	History	The field is somewhat chaotic. Results are inconsistent and seem contradictory. There is no widely-accepted theoretical explanation. History shows that this kind of chaos is healthy in emergent science. In fields such as plasma fusion there is broad agreement and a solid theoretical basis, but not much progress. We should embrace chaos and celebrate intellectual ferment. Despite the confusion, the literature does prove the effect is real, and it teaches how to replicate.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJlessonsfro.pdf
3500	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	2014	The Future May Be Better Than You Think (Japanese version)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					The Future May Be Better Than You Think (Japanese version)	Commercialization	Japanese version.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJthefuturema.pdf
3499	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	2014	The Future May Be Better Than You Think	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					The Future May Be Better Than You Think	Commercialization	Cold fusion researchers are prone to be unduly pessimistic about the potential for cold fusion. They know too much; they are too close to the problem. They may also have unexamined assumptions. Researchers feel put-upon because of political opposition. The LENR-CANR.org website log file proves there is a great deal of interest in this field. There is broad, untapped, latent support for it. The log shows that every week scientists and engineers download thousands of papers on cold fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJthefuturem.pdf
3498	Report	Rothwell, J.	2014	Report on Mizuno's adiabatic calorimetry	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Report on Mizuno's adiabatic calorimetry	calorimetry heat	A report on the method of calorimetry employed by T. Mizuno starting in August 2014. Five sample runs are described.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJreportonmi.pdf
3497	Report	Rothwell, J.	2012	How Nature refused to re-examine the 1989 CalTech experiment	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			How Nature refused to re-examine the 1989 CalTech experiment	History	In 1989 Nature published a paper by Lewis showing no excess heat in a cold fusion experiment. Several researchers including Noninski, Miles and Fleischmann discovered errors in this paper. Noninski wrote a critique of the paper describing one of these errors, and submitted it for publication. David Lindley, an editor at Nature, rejected the critique. This paper examines some of the errors in the paper, and Lindley's reasons for refusing to re-examine the experiment.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJhownaturer.pdf
3496	Report	Rothwell, J.	2011	Brief Technical Description of the Leonardo Corporation, University of Bologna, and INFN Scientific Demonstration of the Andrea Rossi ECat (Energy Catalyzer) Boiler	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Brief Technical Description of the Leonardo Corporation, University of Bologna, and INFN Scientific Demonstration of the Andrea Rossi ECat (Energy Catalyzer) Boiler	Heat	Dr. Andrea Rossi, President of Leonardo Corporation, prepared in cooperation with scientists from the University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna an experimental demonstration of his ECat boiler for about 50 people, mostly scientists the afternoon of 14 January 2011.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJbrieftechn.pdf
3495	Report	Rothwell, J.	2009	Tally of Cold Fusion Papers	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Tally of Cold Fusion Papers Review		This document contains a tally of cold fusion papers from two sources: the list maintained by Dieter Britz at Aarhus U., and the EndNote database used to generate the indexes at LENR-CANR.org. Various tallies such as the number of peer-reviewed experimental papers are presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJtallyofcol.pdf
3494	Report	Rothwell, J., Melich, M. E.	2008	Responses to DoE Review Panel Comments	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Responses to DoE Review Panel Comments	Review, DOE panel	In 2004, the Department of Energy (DoE) published a review of cold fusion. [1] It was based upon a review conducted by a panel of 18 anonymous members. The reviewer's comments are in Ref. [2]. This document lists some of the major claims made by the 18 reviewers, with responses by Jed Rothwell and Michael Melich.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJresponsest.pdf
3493	Report	Rothwell, J., Storms, E.	2008	Report on Arata's Paper and Lecture about his 'Solid Fusion' Reactor	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Report on Arata's Paper and Lecture about his 'Solid Fusion' Reactor review	review, heat	This paper describes the recent demonstration (May 2008) of anomalous heat and helium production, presented by Prof. Yoshiaki Arata, when two different materials are exposed to D2 near room temperature.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJreportonar.pdf
3492	Book	Rothwell, J.	2007	Leng jubian he weilai (Cold Fusion and the Future, Chinese)	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Leng jubian he weilai (Cold Fusion and the Future, Chinese)		The book 'Cold Fusion and the Future' translated into Chinese.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJlengjubian.pdf
3491	Book	Rothwell, J.	2007	Mirai o kizuku jyouonkakuyuugou (Cold Fusion and the Future, Japanese)	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Mirai o kizuku jyouonkakuyuugou (Cold Fusion and the Future, Japanese)		The book 'Cold Fusion and the Future' translated into Japanese.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJmiraiokizu.pdf
3490	Book	Rothwell, J.	2006	A Fusao a Frio e o Futuro (Cold Fusion and the Future, Portuguese)	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			A Fusao a Frio e o Futuro (Cold Fusion and the Future, Portuguese)		The book 'Cold Fusion and the Future' translated into Brazilian Portuguese by Sergio Bacchi. O livro 'Fus? a Frio e o Futuro' traduzido ao portugu? brasileiro por Sergio Bacchi. Uma vis? das aplica?es poss?eis da fus? a frio do hidrog?io pesado. Um livro com muita imagina?o e humanidade.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJafusoafrio.pdf
3489	Book	Rothwell, J.	2004	Cold Fusion And The Future	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Cold Fusion And The Future		The purpose of this book is to show that with cold fusion we can accomplish marvelous things. This is not a review or history of the field. It is not meant to convince the reader that cold fusion exists. If you doubt that, please read original sources. The book describes how many nightmare problems that seem beyond any present solution, such as global warming, elimination of invasive species, and providing clean drinking water and sanitation to billions of poor people might be eliminated. The future might be better than you think. This book is not copyright. It is distributed for free at LENR-CANR.org.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJcoldfusiona.pdf
3488	Conference Proceedings	Rothwell, J.	2004	Introducing The Book 'Cold Fusion and the Future'	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Introducing The Book 'Cold Fusion and the Future'	Review
3487	Personal Communication	Rothwell, J., Storms, E., Rennie, J., Piel, J.	2003	Appeal to Readers and Correspondence with the Scientific American	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org			Appeal to Readers and Correspondence with the Scientific American	Review	An appeal to LENR-CANR readers to help spread the word and help bring about a rebirth of interest in cold fusion. This document also contains correspondence with the past and present editors of the Scientific American.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJappealtore.pdf
3486	Conference Proceedings	Rothwell, J., Storms, E.	2003	The LENR-CANR.Org Website, Its Past And Future	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	The LENR-CANR.Org Website, Its Past And Future		The LENR-CANR-org website has proven to be a popular source of information about cold fusion. This site has distributed more full text papers about LENR than any other source. In addition, it contains many features that allow easy search and insertion of the discovered references into a document.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJthelenrcan.pdf
3485	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	2001	Butter Side Down: How Cold Fusion Researchers Battle the Innate Perversity of Inanimate Objects and Exploding Parameter Space	Infinite Energy, Vol = 7, Num = 37					Butter Side Down: How Cold Fusion Researchers Battle the Innate Perversity of Inanimate Objects and Exploding Parameter Space	history	A brief introduction to some calorimeter types, and to some of the difficulties in cold fusion experiments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJbutterside.pdf
3484	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	2001	Cold Fusion, the Titanic Disaster Aftermath, and the Internet	Infinite Energy, Vol = 6, Num = 36					Cold Fusion, the Titanic Disaster Aftermath, and the Internet	history	'News is the first rough draft of history.' Newspaper publisher Philip L. Graham (1915-1963) Newspapers are indeed the first draft of history and, in many cases, the last draft as well.? This has been one of the reasons behind cold fusion's bad press over the years.? Researchers made initial assessments of the phenomenon back in April 1989 and offered up their gut-reaction opinions to the media. Many of these erroneous, off-the-cuff ramblings are still widely quoted today.? The three famous 'negative' experiments at Caltech, MIT, and Harwell are often cited as proof that cold fusion does not exist, although careful reexaminations have subsequently shown that the tests conducted at all three establishments did, in fact, yield positive results.? Reporters, commentators, and historians seldom look beyond immediate impressions formed in the earliest days of a major event, when confusion is rampant and detailed investigations have not yet begun.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJcoldfusion.pdf
3483	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1999	Transistors and Cold Fusion - Part II	Infinite Energy, Vol = 5, Num = 26, Page = 46					Transistors and Cold Fusion - Part II	history, materials	Part 1 closed with the questions: Was the transistor truly inevitable? Where would we be without it? Is any innovation inevitable and unstoppable? I conclude that fundamental breakthroughs, like the transistor, are not inevitable, but once they are made, contingent, derivative or follow‑up breakthroughs like integrated circuits become inevitable. The discovery of cold fusion was not inevitable by any means, and cold fusion technology may never be developed because of technical difficulties or political opposition, but if it is developed and it becomes established, many contingent breakthroughs, like home power generators, will become inevitable.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJtransistora.pdf
3482	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1999	Transistors and Cold Fusion - Part I	Infinite Energy, Vol = 5, Num = 25, Page = 32					Transistors and Cold Fusion - Part I	history, materials	The history of transistors teaches many lessons about how cold fusion might develop and what should be done to help it along. Transistors are physically similar to cold fusion devices. In fact, some of the earliest experimental transistors were immersed in electrolyte with a counter electrode to neutralize the surface barrier.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJtransistor.pdf
3481	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1999	Comparisons from the History of Technology	Infinite Energy, Vol = 4, Num = 23, Page = 39					Comparisons from the History of Technology	history	This paper was delivered at the Cold Fusion and New Energies Symposium held in Manchester, New Hampshire October 11, 1998. This version was modified and expanded in May 2003. Earlier at this conference Ed Storms said, 'cold fusion is on life-support.' Will it survive? Can an unpopular scientific discovery be forgotten? Ed thinks that cold fusion is endangered. In a lecture titled 'Cold Fusion - Does It Have a Future?' Nobel Laureate Julian Schwinger said that science itself is at risk . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJcomparison.pdf
3480	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1999	The Wright Brothers and Cold Fusion	Infinite Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 9, Page = 37					The Wright Brothers and Cold Fusion	history	History is not inevitable. If the Wrights had not built the airplane, man would not have flown for another ten or twenty years, most experts agree. History is a product of free will. People make decisions, take actions, and shape events. Things do not get invented just because they are needed. We learn to live with awkward machines like the automobile transmission. If Bell Labs had not come up with the transistor, by now we would have computers with a million 'vacuum tubes on a chip.' (This kind of chip was fabricated for a special application years ago. Technology is flexible; transistors are not the only things you can miniaturize.)	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJthewrightb.pdf
3479	Journal Article	Rothwell, J., Mallove, E.	1998	Review of Profiles of the Future: An Inquiry into the Limits of the Possible, By Arthur C. Clarke	Infinite Energy, Vol = 4, Num = 22					Review of Profiles of the Future: An Inquiry into the Limits of the Possible, By Arthur C. Clarke	history	How did Arthur C. Clarke come to believe that cold fusion is real, and why should anyone care? The answer can be found in an unforgettable nonfiction book he wrote in 1963. It is Profiles of the Future, one of the best books about the future ever written, and one of the finest short overviews of science and technology.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJreviewofpr.pdf
3478	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1998	Dieter Britz: A Knowledgeable Skeptic	Infinite Energy, Vol = 3, Num = 18					Dieter Britz: A Knowledgeable Skeptic	review
3477	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1997	Introduction to the Cold Fusion Experiments of Dr. Melvin Miles	Infinite Energy, Vol = 3, Num = 15/16, Page = 27					Introduction to the Cold Fusion Experiments of Dr. Melvin Miles	history	From 1989 until his funding was terminated in 1995, Melvin Miles performed some of the best cold fusion experiments on record. His goal was to answer two critical questions: Does cold fusion produce helium along with excess heat, like a plasma fusion reaction? And if so, does it produce roughly as much helium per joule of energy as a plasma fusion reaction does? He answers both questions affirmatively. When a cold fusion palladium cathode becomes active, it releases helium into the electrolyte. The helium leaves the cell in the effluent deuterium and oxygen gas. Cathodes that produced more excess heat produced greater amounts of helium. The ratio of helium to energy is roughly comparable to that of hot fusion, within an order of magnitude. This is strong evidence that cold fusion really is some form of nuclear fusion, and not fission, zero point energy, or something else.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJintroducti.pdf
3476	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1996	CETI's 1 kilowatt cold fusion device denonstrated	Infinite Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 5&6, Page = 18					CETI's 1 kilowatt cold fusion device denonstrated	review, heat, H2O, beads, Ni, CETI
3475	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1996	Review of McKubre, M. C. H., et al., Development of Advanced Concepts for Nuclear Processes in Deuterated Metals, EPRI TR-104195	Infinite Energy					Review of McKubre, M. C. H., et al., Development of Advanced Concepts for Nuclear Processes in Deuterated Metals, EPRI TR-104195	review	A review of McKubre, M.C.H., et al., Development of Advanced Concepts for Nuclear Processes in Deuterated Metals. 1994. Selected pages from this report are available here: http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/McKubreMCHdevelopmen.pdf Comprehensive, Meticulous and Definitive This is one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a set of cold fusion experiments ever published. The only reports I know of that rival it are from F.G. Will et al., and M. H. Miles et al. This EPRI book describes the research paid for by EPRI and performed at SRI International between 1989 and 1994 by M. McKubre, S. Crouch-Baker, F. Tanzella and eight other principal investigators. These are among the most careful cold fusion experiments ever done. The results are unequivocal.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJreviewofmc.pdf
3474	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1995	Book Review -- A Dialogue on Chemically Induced Nuclear Effects -- A Guide for the Perplexed About Cold Fusion, by Nate Hoffman	Infinite Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3					54 Book Review -- A Dialogue on Chemically Induced Nuclear Effects -- A Guide for the Perplexed About Cold Fusion, by Nate Hoffman	Review	This is a strange little book. It well written in some parts, with knowledgeable, in depth, analysis. Yet elsewhere the author makes factual errors that might easily have been avoided. Some of his mistakes are mind-boggling, like his suggestions that chemical supply companies sell used moderator heavy water from CANDU fission reactors, or that no researcher in any cold experiment has ever measured true rms power.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJbookreview.pdf
3473	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1995	Very hot cold fusion: Dr. Mizuno's ceramic proton conductors	Infinite Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 14					Very hot cold fusion: Dr. Mizuno's ceramic proton conductors	proton conductor, heat
3472	Journal Article	Rothwell, J.	1995	Highlights of the Fifth International Conference on Cold Fusion	Infinite Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 8					Highlights of the Fifth International Conference on Cold Fusion	review, He, heat
3471	Journal Article	Roth, J. R.	1995	Ball Lightning: What Nature is Trying to Tell the Plasma Research Community	Fusion Technology, Vol = 27:3 255-270 DOI: 10.13182/FST95-A30388					Now obtainable from the Sci Hub, this paper foreshadowed many applications.	spherical configuration, ball lightning, plasma confinement, lightning, plasma density, plasma chemistry, energy storage, magnetic confinement, plasma applications, atmosphere, weapons, chemicals	Ball lightning has been extensively observed in atmospheric air, usually in association with thunderstorms, by untrained observers who were not in a position to make careful observations. These chance sightings have been documented by polling observers, who constitute perhaps 5% of the adult U.S. population. Unfortunately, ball lightning is not accessible to scientific analysis because it cannot be reproduced in the laboratory under controlled conditions. Natural ball lightning has been observed to last longer than 90 s and to have diameters from 1 cm to several metres. The energy density of a few lightning balls has been observed to be as high as 20 000 J/cm3, well above the limit of chemical energy storage of, for example, TNT at 2000 J/cm3. Such observations suggest a plasma-related phenomenon with significant magnetic energy storage. If this is the case, ball lightning should have very interesting implications for fusion research, industrial plasma engineering, and military applications, as well as being of great theoretical and practical interest to the plasma research community.	https://sci-hub.se/10.13182/fst95-a30388	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTfA7qeL7Gk	Bob Reviews this paper on YouTube with live feedback
3470	Journal Article	Roth, J., Behrisch, R., Moeller, W., Ottenberger, W.	1990	Fusion reactions during low energy deuterium implantation into titanium	Nucl. Fusion, Vol = 30					Fusion reactions during low energy deuterium implantation into titanium	ion implantation, titanium, particle emission
3469	Journal Article	Rotegard, D.	1991	Fusion, cold fusion, and space policy	Space Power, Vol = 10					Fusion, cold fusion, and space policy	history
3468	Patent	Rossi, A.	2011	Method And Apparatus For Carrying Out Nickel And Hydrogen Exothermal Reactions US 2011/0005506	Physics World, Vol = 2			United States Patent Application Publication		Method And Apparatus For Carrying Out Nickel And Hydrogen Exothermal Reactions US 2011/0005506		A method and apparatus for carrying out highly efficient exothermal reaction between nickel and hydrogen atoms in a tube, preferably, though not necessary, a metal tube filled by a nickel powder and heated to a high temperature, preferably, though not necessary, from 150 to 5000C are herein disclosed. In the inventive apparatus, hydrogen is injected into the metal tube containing a highly pressurized nickel powder having a pressure, preferably though not necessarily, from 2 to 20 bars.	WO 2009/125444 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RossiAmethodandaa.pdf
3467	Patent	Rossi, A.	2009	Method And Apparatus For Carrying Out Nickel And Hydrogen Exothermal Reactions WO 2009/125444	Physics World, Vol = 2			World Intellectual Property Organization		Method And Apparatus For Carrying Out Nickel And Hydrogen Exothermal Reactions WO 2009/125444		A method and apparatus for carrying out highly efficient exothermal reaction between nickel and hydrogen atoms in a tube, preferably, though not necessary, a metal tube filled by a nickel powder and heated to a high temperature, preferably, though not necessary, from 150 to 5000C are herein disclosed. In the inventive apparatus, hydrogen is injected into the metal tube containing a highly pressurized nickel powder having a pressure, preferably though not necessarily, from 2 to 20 bars.	WO 2009/125444 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RossiAmethodanda.pdf
3466	Journal Article	Ross, K., Bennington, S. M.	1989	Solid state fusion (?)	Physics World, Vol = 2					Solid state fusion (?)	review
3465	Journal Article	Rosen, G.	1990	Groundstate thermalization of hydrogen isotopes in certain metals: enhancement of p+d and d+d nuclear fusion rates by Bethe-Bloch polarization	Hadronic J., Vol = 13					Groundstate thermalization of hydrogen isotopes in certain metals: enhancement of p+d and d+d nuclear fusion rates by Bethe-Bloch polarization	theory
3464	Journal Article	Rosen, G.	1989	Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration	J. Chem. Phys., Vol = 91, Num = 7, Page = 4415					Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration	theory
3463	Journal Article	Rosamilia, J. M., Abys, J. A., Miller, B.	1991	Electrochemical hydrogen insertion into palladium and palladium-nickel thin films	Electrochim. Acta, Vol = 36					Electrochemical hydrogen insertion into palladium and palladium-nickel thin films	loading, Pd, Pd-Ni
3462	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A.	2003	Tritium Generation From The Interaction Of A Glow Discharge Plasma With Metals And With A Magnetic Field	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Tritium Generation From The Interaction Of A Glow Discharge Plasma With Metals And With A Magnetic Field	glow discharge, magnetic field, tritium	We present results of our research on tritium generation through the bombardment of the surface of various metals by accelerated ions of hydrogen isotopes from a glow discharge plasma, with and without a magnetic field. The introduction of a magnetic field perpendicular to the sample surface results in an increase in the tritium activity, and in the tritium generation rate, of almost two orders of magnitude as compared to similar experiments run with no magnetic field. The largest tritium generation rates observed were obtained with the glow discharge operating in a magnetic field, and were in the range 109-1010 atom/s. This is higher than our background by three to four orders of magnitude. The use of a magnetic field has resulted in good reproducibility, and the development of a reliable tritium generation rate of about 1010 atom/s for tantalum, tungsten, and platinum.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RomodanovVtritiumgena.pdf
3461	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Skuratnik , Ya. B., Pokrovsky, A. K.	2000	Generation of Tritium for Deuterium Interaction with Metals	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 265	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Generation of Tritium for Deuterium Interaction with Metals	Zr, H2, tritium, Ta, D2, ICCF-8
3460	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Khokhlov, N. I., Pokrovsky, A. K.	2000	Registration of Superfluous Heat at Sorbtion-Desorbtion of Hydrogen in Metals	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 259	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Registration of Superfluous Heat at Sorbtion-Desorbtion of Hydrogen in Metals	Ni, Nb, H2, heat+, ICCF-8
3459	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Savin, V. I., Skuratnik, Y., Yuriev, M.	1998	Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Media and X-ray	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 330	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion	April 19-24, 1998	Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Media and X-ray	x-ray, tritium, ion bombardment, H2, ICCF-7	The st:udy of tritium generation in nature in second, slowed down stage is conducted, and the registration of x-ray is executed, which can arise at interaction of hydrogen isotopes in metal with thermal activation. It is shown, that second, slowed down stage of tritium accumulation in gas at long interaction of hydrogen isotopes with heated up sample can be connected with nuclear reactions since it is experimentally shown, that at interaction of heated up metal samples with hydrogen isotopes the tritium concentration in gas was decreases for reason of tritium transition in sample, stipulated by isotope effects.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=330
3458	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Savin, V. I., Skuratnik, Y., Yuriev, M.	1998	High-Temperature Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Media	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 325	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	High-Temperature Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Media	tritium, ion bombardment H2, Fe-Cr-Ni-Ti ICCF-7	The research of tritium generation was conducted at radiation of rotating metal samples by plasma of powerful glow discharge on hydrogen isotopes. The new phenomenon of shift for maximum temperature in direction of rotation of metal sample, on relation to discharge axis on hydrogen isotopes is found out. This shift testifies about excess heat at increased temperatures, which can be connected with irreversible process (for example by nuclear reactions or reactions with formations of heavy complexes). The mechanism of low energy nuclear reactians in condensed media (NRCM) is offered, one of certificates for existence which should be the registration of X-ray radiation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=325
3457	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Savin, V. I., Skuratnik, Y., Majorov, V. N.	1998	Tritium Generations in Metals at Thermal Activation	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 319	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Tritium Generations in Metals at Thermal Activation	tritium, hydrogen, gas, H2, ICCF-7	The researches of thermo-activated tritium generation is conducted, arising at high temperature in metals interacting with hydrogen isotopes and the nature of this generation is discovered. The researches are conducted on samples of iron and its alloys as well as on samples of titanium and niobium at interation, basically, with ordinary hydrogen. It is established, that the short-term bursts of tritium generation, arising at interaction of hydrogen isotopes in which is immersed, previously heated up metal sample, are connected with output tritium, early accumulated, owing of effects isotopes.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=319
3456	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Savin, V. I., Skuratnik , Ya. B.	1996	Nuclear reactions at effect of ions deuterium on ceramic materials from plasmas of glow discharge	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 590	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Nuclear reactions at effect of ions deuterium on ceramic materials from plasmas of glow discharge	glow discharge	The high mechanical properties at increased temperatures permit to consider the ceramic materials as perspective, for targets . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=191
3455	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Savin, V. I., Skuratnik , Ya. B.	1996	Tritium generations at transfusion of hydrogen isotopes through target in plasma of powerful glow discharge	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 585	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Tritium generations at transfusion of hydrogen isotopes through target in plasma of powerful glow discharge	glow discharge	The valuation on influence of formation hydrogen complexes for tritium generation rate, by means of use the flow return of gas in side to plasma is conducted. Is shown, that deuterium transfusion through sample in plasma for V, Nb, Ta has not rendered the appreciable influence on tritium generation rate.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=186
3454	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Savin, V. I., Skuratnik, Ya. B., Majorov, V. N.	1996	The nuclear reactions in condensed media for interaction of charge particles in energy region is forming by maximum elastic losses	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 340	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		The nuclear reactions in condensed media for interaction of charge particles in energy region is forming by maximum elastic losses	gas discharge, heat, tritium, transmutation, He, ICCF-6	The main requirments to produce the generation of nuclear reactions in condensed media (NRCM), have been identified which appear to influence the interaction of fast hydrogen ions with a solid target in a powerful plasma glow discharge. Phenomena of the three branches of physics have contributed to this work: nuclear physics, solid state physics and low-energy plasma physics, and have in turn opened a new direction in fundamental research.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=355
3453	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Savin, V. I., Korneev, S., Skuratni, Y.	1993	Concept of Target Material Choice for Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Media	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 22		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Concept of Target Material Choice for Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Media	Gas Discharge, theory, method, ICCF-4
3452	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Savin, V. I., Elksnin, V., Skuratnik, Ya. B.	1993	Reproducibility of Tritium Generation From Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Matter	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 15		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Reproducibility of Tritium Generation From Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Matter	W, Nb, Gas Discharge, tritium, D2, theory, ICCF-4
3451	Conference Proceedings	Romodanov, V. A., Savin, V. I., Skuratnik, Ya. B., Timofeev, Yu.	1992	Nuclear Fusion in Condensed Matter	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 307	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Nuclear Fusion in Condensed Matter	theory, ICCF-3	On the basis of the analysis of the energy lost by a fast particle and a solid it is supposed that the most probable energy range for the reactions of nuclear fusion in the condensed media is in the range of the reduced energy of the interacting particles from E0 to E2 (~(10-400 * 16 * 10^-19 J for D-D reactions) . . .	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=54
3450	Journal Article	Rolison, D. R., O'Grady, W. E.	1991	Observation of elemental anomalies at the surface of palladium after electrochemical loading of deuterium or hydrogen	Anal. Chem., Vol = 63					Observation of elemental anomalies at the surface of palladium after electrochemical loading of deuterium or hydrogen	Pd, surface analysis, transmutation, electrolysis
3449	Journal Article	Rolison, D. R., Trzaskoma, P. P.	1990	Morphological differences between hydrogen-loaded and deuterium-loaded palladium as observed by scanning electron microscopy	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 287					Morphological differences between hydrogen-loaded and deuterium-loaded palladium as observed by scanning electron microscopy	Pd, electrolysis, D2O, H2O, surface analysis, lattice parameter
3448	Conference Proceedings	Rolison, D. R., O'Grady, W. E., Doyle, Jr., R. J., Trzaskoma, P. P.	1990	Anomalies in the Surface Analysis of Deuterated Palladium	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 272	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	Anomalies in the Surface Analysis of Deuterated Palladium	Pd, surface analysis, micrographs, PdD, ICCF-1	The surface and near-surface analytical characterization of thin palladium foils after the electrolysis of H2O or D2O was performed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution mass spectrometry, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These surface characterizations revealed a number of anomalous results, as summarized below.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RolisonDRanomaliesi.pdf
3447	Journal Article	Rogers, V. C., Sandquist, G. M.	1990	Isotopic Hydrogen Fusion in Metals	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 4, Page = 483					Isotopic Hydrogen Fusion in Metals	gamma emission neutron method
3446	Journal Article	Rogers, V. C., Sandquist, G. M.	1990	Cold fusion reaction products and their measurement	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9					Cold fusion reaction products and their measurement	gamma emission, tritium, method, critique
3445	Journal Article	Rogers, V. C., Sandquist, G. M., Nielson, K. K.	1989	Deuterium concentration and cold fusion rate distributions in palladium	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					Deuterium concentration and cold fusion rate distributions in palladium	critique, theory, method
3444	Journal Article	Rogers, V. C., Sandquist, G. M.	1989	Isotopic hydrogen fusion in metals	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					Isotopic hydrogen fusion in metals	electrolysis, Pd, neutron, theory
3443	Journal Article	Roessler, O. E., Becker, J., Hoffmann, M., Nadler, W.	1989	Fermi Gas Like Hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons Experiment	Z. Nature. A, Vol = 44					Fermi Gas Like Hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons Experiment	theory
3442	Journal Article	Roessler, O. E., Becker, J., Hoffmann, M., Nadler, W.	1989	Fermi gas like hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons experiments	Z. Naturforsch. A, Vol = 44					Fermi gas like hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons experiments	theory, Pauli
3441	Conference Proceedings	Rodionov, B, Savvatimova, I.	2005	Unusual Structures On The Material Surfaces Irradiated By Low Energy Ions	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Unusual Structures On The Material Surfaces Irradiated By Low Energy Ions	glow discharge	Some unusual structures on the surface of metals and films (various x-ray films and nuclear emulsions) caused by exposure to bombardment by low-energy ions in glow discharge plasma, in electrolysis and other low-energy processes (when energy of particles doesn? exceed several keV) have been found. The mechanism and model of the strange tracks formations and explanation of their structure change are suggested. Neutrino-Dineutron Reactions (Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Induced By D2 Gas Permeation Through Pd Complexes. Y. Iwamura Effect)	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RodionovBunusualstr.pdf
3440	Journal Article	Rock, P. A., Fink, W. H., McQuarrie, D. A., Volman, D. H., Hung, Y. F.	1990	Energy balance in the electrolysis of water with a palladium cathode	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 293					Energy balance in the electrolysis of water with a palladium cathode	review, loading, phase diagram, enthalpy of formation, thermodynamic
3439	Journal Article	Robinson, G. W.	1998	Could cold fusion be caused by non-maxwell distributions?	IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol = 39, Num = 4, Page = 532					Could cold fusion be caused by non-maxwell distributions?	theory
3438	Journal Article	Roberts, D. A., Becchetti, F. D., Ashktorab, K., Stewart, D., Jaenecke, J., Gustafson, H. R., Dueweke, M. J.	1992	Deuterated liquid scintillator (NE230) as a fast neutron detector for cold- fusion and other research	IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol = 39, Num = 4, Page = 532					Deuterated liquid scintillator (NE230) as a fast neutron detector for cold- fusion and other research	neutron, method, titanium, electrolysis, Pd, D2
3437	Journal Article	Roberts, D. A., Becchetti, F. D., Ben-Jacob, E., Garik, P., Musser, J., Orr, B., Tarle, G., Tomasch, A., Holder, J.S., Redina, D., Heuser, B., Wicker, G.	1990	Energy and flux limits of cold fusion neutrons using a deuterated liquid scintillator	Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., Vol = 42					Energy and flux limits of cold fusion neutrons using a deuterated liquid scintillator	neutron, method, electrolysis, Pd
3436	Journal Article	Roarty, B., Walker, C.	2013	Protocol for a Silicate-based LENR Using Electrodes of Various Metals	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 10					Protocol for a Silicate-based LENR Using Electrodes of Various Metals	Gold, Heat transients, LENR, Lithium silicate, Palladium	This paper reports a protocol that consists of applying concurrent electronic and photonic stimuli in a cell with two or more electrodes at or near the boiling point of the liquid. The liquid in the cell is a solution including a silicate, a lithium salt, and a surfactant. The electrical stimuli are RF signals and, optionally, a direct current. The protocol generates an exothermic reaction characterized by sharp temperature transients. We have successfully used three different silicates and four different metals for electrodes. We believe the exothermic reaction is nuclear in nature. The evidence supporting that statement includes: * Data logs show brief, intense temperature transients. * Electron diffraction scattering (EDS) analyses show elements to be present after the reaction that could be transmutation products of several elements in the ingredients of the protocol, specifically including silver, a possible transmutation product of palladium. * Auger analysis of one experiment also shows evidence of transmutation of the elements in the reaction cell. * SEM photos show 'volcanic sites' and other evidence of metal migration. * Other SEM photos show large areas where electrodes have spalled during experiments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedi.pdf#page=35
3435	Journal Article	Rittner, E. S., Meulenberg, A.	1990	A chemical interpretation of heat generated in 'cold fusion'	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9					A chemical interpretation of heat generated in 'cold fusion'	critique, heat, recombination
3434	Magazine Article	Ritter, S. K.	2016	Cold fusion died 25 years ago, but the research lives on	C&EN, Vol = 94, Num = 44, Page = 34-39					Cold fusion died 25 years ago, but the research lives on
3433	Journal Article	Ritley, K. A., Lynn, K. G., Dull, P. M., Weber, M. H., Carroll, M., Hurst, J. J.	1991	A search for tritium production in electrolytically deuterided palladium	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19, Num = 1, Page = 192					A search for tritium production in electrolytically deuterided palladium	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, H2O, tritium, Helium
3432	Journal Article	Ritley, K. A., Dull, P. M., Weber, M. H., Carroll, M., Hurst, J. J., Lynn, K. G.	1990	The behavior of electrochemical cell resistance: a possible application to cold fusion experiments	Fusion Technol., Vol = 17					The behavior of electrochemical cell resistance: a possible application to cold fusion experiments	critique, resistance
3431	Conference Proceedings	Ritley, K. A., Wiesmann, H., Dull, P. M., Lynn, K. G., Weber, M.	1990	A Search for Cold Fusion Signatures in Cathodically Charged Palladium	8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf., Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 61		Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822	Honolulu, HI	July 22-27, 1990	A Search for Cold Fusion Signatures in Cathodically Charged Palladium	Pd, D2O, neutron, tritium, ICCF-8
3430	Journal Article	Ritchie, B.	2013	Neutrino Equation of Motion and Neutrino?lectron Bound Pairs in LENR	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 12					Neutrino Equation of Motion and Neutrino?lectron Bound Pairs in LENR	Electron, Neutrino, Nucleon, Positron, W-boson	The long-established electron-capture reaction e- +p+ = n +? may be considered to be a prototype reaction in the nascent ?eld of physics known as low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) since it involves an interface between electron and atomic physics (EAP) on the left-hand side and nuclear physics on the right-hand side of the reaction. It is a form of inverse beta decay n = p+ +e- +?, which is understood using a conceptual and mathematical methodology (forces mediated by the exchange of bosons known as force carriers and speci?cally for beta decay the W- boson as the force carrier for the electroweak force) which is totally foreign to EAP but well-supported by copious nuclear experimental data. Since no such established experimental database exists in LENR, an equation of motion (EOM) is proposed for the neutrino in analogy to Dirac's equation, which is the EOM for the electron. The combined electron and neutrino EOM's support temporary neutrino-electron binding and discover the mass and length scales of a nucleon on an ab initio basis. It is believed that the bound pair is a form of W boson, symbolized here by W? s for binding of a neutrino to a positron or electron (?) and for spin (s) equal to 0 or 1. It is also believed that W? bosons may be useful as building blocks in constructing models in the LENR regime which may be physically equivalent to quarks and the known W? boson in the high-energy regime.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedk.pdf#page=46
3429	Journal Article	Ritchie, B.	2013	Compatibility of Hydrino States and Quantum Mechanics	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 11					Compatibility of Hydrino States and Quantum Mechanics	Dirac equation, Hydrino states, Klein-Gordon equation	Rathke's assertion [New J. Phys. 7 (2005) 127] that states with binding energy and size below those of known literature values are incompatible with quantum mechanics is corrected by reviewing the analytically known Coulomb solution of the Klein-Gordon equation with binding energy of order mc2 and size of order of the Compton wavelength. This is an example of a quantum state, which is mathematically acceptable in the sense of being square integrable and having a finite binding energy but yet is rejected as unphysical due in part to the point-nucleus nature of the model. Then the Dirac equation is studied for the existence of states which are similarly mathematically acceptable but whose physical acceptability requires physical judgment. States of Landau symmetry are found which meet these criteria. The existence of states of ambiguous physical interpretation for both the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations depends on using a point-nucleus versus a finite-nucleus potential model. On using a realistic model for the charge distribution of the proton, a Klein-Gordon state is found in the binding range of 5 keV, but no state is found for the Dirac equation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedj.pdf#page=106
3428	Book	Riley, D., McLaughlin, M.	2001	Turning thre corner: Energy solutions for the 21st century	J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol = 139		Alternative Energy Institute, Inc.	Tahoe City, CA		Turning thre corner: Energy solutions for the 21st century	review energy		0-9673118-2-9
3427	Journal Article	Riley, A. M., Seader, J. D., Pershing, D. W.	1992	An in-situ volumetric method for dynamically measuring the absorption of deuterium in palladium during electrolysis	J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol = 139					An in-situ volumetric method for dynamically measuring the absorption of deuterium in palladium during electrolysis	loading, Pd, method, review, diffusion
3426	Journal Article	Riesterer, T., Osterwalder, J., Schlapbach, L.	1985	Inverse Photoemission from PdH0.65	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 32					Inverse Photoemission from PdH0.65	PdH, density Of States, photoemission
3425	Journal Article	Riesterer, T.	1984	On the Hydrogen Site Occupation in Hydrides of Intermetallics	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 103					On the Hydrogen Site Occupation in Hydrides of Intermetallics	Zr-V, enthalpy, thermodynamic, H2
3424	Journal Article	Rieker, A., Speiser, B., Mangold, K. M., Hanack, M.	1991	Potential error sources in combined electrochemistry/neutron detection experiments	Z. Naturforsch. A, Vol = 46B					Potential error sources in combined electrochemistry/neutron detection experiments	electrolysis, Pd D2O neutron, gamma emission
3423	Journal Article	Richards, P. M.	1989	Molecular-dynamics investigation of deuteron separation in PdD1.1	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 40					Molecular-dynamics investigation of deuteron separation in PdD1.1	theory, distance
3422	Journal Article	Richards, P. M.	1989	Molecular-Dynamics Investigation of Deuterium Separation in PdD1.1	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 40, Num = 11, Page = 7966					Molecular-Dynamics Investigation of Deuterium Separation in PdD1.1	theory, D/Pd, distance, lattice parameter
3421	Journal Article	Rice-Evans, P., Evans, H.	1990	Search for neutrons from cold nuclear fusion	Eur. J. Phys., Vol = 11					Search for neutrons from cold nuclear fusion	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, neutron
3420	Journal Article	Rice, R. A., Kim, Y. E.	1994	Comments on 'Electron transitions on deep Dirac levels I'	Fusion Technol., Vol = 26					Comments on 'Electron transitions on deep Dirac levels I'	theory, critique, Maly
3419	Conference Proceedings	Rice, R. A., Kim, Y. E., Rabinowitz, M., Zubarev, A. L.	1994	Comments on exotic chemistry models and deep Dirac states for cold fusion	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 4, Num = 4, Page = 1		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui		Comments on exotic chemistry models and deep Dirac states for cold fusion	theory resonance, Gamow	Several models are examined in which it is claimed that cold fusion is the result either of tight binding of the electrons in H isotope atoms or molecules, or of an electron-H isotope resonance which allows a higher probability of Coulomb barrier penetration. In the case of models in which the electron is tightly bound to the H isotope atom, we show that states below the most deeply bound (-16.39 eV) are impossible in principle. We also present evidence against the possibility of the existence of electron-H isotope resonances. Finally, a lower bound is found for the binding energy of H isotope molecules which is above that calculated in the tightly bound electron-H isotope models.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RiceRAcommentsona.pdf
3418	Journal Article	Rice, R. A., Chulik, G. S., Kim, Y. E., Yoon, J. H.	1990	The role of velocity distribution in cold deuterium-deuterium fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 18					The role of velocity distribution in cold deuterium-deuterium fusion	theory
3417	Conference Proceedings	Rice, R. A., Chulick, G. S., Kim, Y. E.	1990	The Effect of Velocity Distribution and Electron Screening on Cold Fusion	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 185	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	The Effect of Velocity Distribution and Electron Screening on Cold Fusion	theory, ICCF-1	It is demonstrated that electron screening, in combination with a particle velocity distribution, greatly enhances the cross sections and reaction rates for deuteron-deuteron (D-D) and proton-deuteron (p-D) fusion for low kinetic energies (E <= 20 e V, center of mass frame). Jr D fusion rates are shown to be comparable to D-D fusion rates for E ~ 10 eV, so that in electrolysis experiments with equal amounts of H and D, p-D fusion should compete with D-D fusion as a reaction mechanism.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=204
3416	Report	Rice, R. A., Chulick, G. S., Kim, Y. E., Yoon, J.	1989	The Effect of Velocity Distribution on Cold Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, \'The Science of Cold Fusion\', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 255					The Effect of Velocity Distribution on Cold Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion	theory
3415	Conference Proceedings	Ricco, G., Anghinolfi, M., Corvisiero, P., Prati, P., Taiuti, M., Boragno, C., Eggenhoffner, R., Valbusa, U.	1991	A Large Solid Angle MultiParameter Neutron Detector	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 255	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	A Large Solid Angle MultiParameter Neutron Detector	neutron, apparatus, method, ICCF-2	We present the results of recent measurements, performed in general with a novel neutron detector, on some titanium-deuterium systems. In spite of the good detector sensitivity, better of the one claimed by Jones and co-workers, no neutron emission was found.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=270
3414	Conference Proceedings	Ren, X. Z., Li, X. Z.	2002	Factors affecting hydrogen (deuterium) flux through a thin palladium film	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Factors affecting hydrogen (deuterium) flux through a thin palladium film 4036	diffusion, flux, deuterium, D, H, Pd, Ni, electrolysis
3413	Journal Article	Reifenschweiler, O.	2004	Further Evidence of the Decrease of Tritium Radioactivity by a Thermodynamic Evaluation of a Heat Experiment	Infinite Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 54, Page = 14					Further Evidence of the Decrease of Tritium Radioactivity by a Thermodynamic Evaluation of a Heat Experiment	titanium, tritium, reduced radioactivity
3412	Manuscript	Reifenschweiler, O.	2003	Cold Fusion and Decrease of Tritium Radioactivity	LENR-CANR.org					Cold Fusion and Decrease of Tritium Radioactivity	titanium, tritium, reduced radioactivity	In recent papers (1, 2, 3, 4) the author has deduced from experiments with tritium (5) that during heating of a TiT0.0035 -preparation and of a TiT0.0035-preparation the radioactivity of the tritium decreased strongly. This strange effect was distinctly confirmed by the observation that with the TiT0.0035-preparation the radioactivity decreased 12.5 times stronger than the release of tritium (2,3,4). A quite independent proof of the strong decrease of λ of tritium could be obtained by a thermodynamic evaluation of the heating experiment with the TiT0.0035-preparation: Assuming that λ of tritium decreases to zero or nearly zero in a part of the tritons enables the determination of the number of tritons with normal λ, nT and the number of tritons with λ ≈ 0 nTo, both as a function of temperature. Then quite surprising nT and nTo follow the laws of chemical equilibria in distinct parts of the experimental A = f(T)-function. From this unexpected result the decrease of tritium radioactivity is definitely proved once again (6).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Reifenschwcoldfusion.pdf
3411	Journal Article	Reifenschweiler, O.	1997	About the possibility of decreased radioactivity of heavy nuclei	Fusion Technol., Vol = 31					About the possibility of decreased radioactivity of heavy nuclei	theory, radioactivity, reduced
3410	Journal Article	Reifenschweiler, O.	1996	Some experiments on the decrease of tritium radioactivity	Fusion Technol., Vol = 30					Some experiments on the decrease of tritium radioactivity Reifenschweiler here reports in great detail what appears to be his work of many years ago, not published until recently in a short note, now fully. A large glass bulb is vacuum coated with Ti on its inside surface, tritium allowed in to form the tritide, and the gas pumped out. A temperature program is applied, and the radiation from the tritide layer goes down markedly, before tritium has escaped from the layer (checked by monitoring pressure changes). The author connects these puzzling findings with cold fusion but cannot explain them.	titanium, tritium, reduced radioactivity, Ti	Experiments claiming a sharp decrease in the radioactivity of tritium incorporated in small monocrystalline particles of titanium have been reported and are described here in more detail. Additional evaluation provides a high degree of evidence for the decrease in the radioactivity of tritium. A first attempt is made to explain this remarkable effect in terms of a 'nuclear pair hypothesis.'	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Reifenschwsomeexperia.pdf
3409	Conference Proceedings	Reifenschweiler, O.	1995	Some Experiments on the Decrease of Radioactivity of Tritium Sorbed by Titanium	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 163	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Some Experiments on the Decrease of Radioactivity of Tritium Sorbed by Titanium	titanium, Tritium, half-life, reduced radioactivity	A sharp decrease of the radioactivity of tritium was observed when the hydrogen isotope is sorbed by small monocrystalline particles of titanium and the preparation is heated to several hundred degrees centigrade. In other experiments the concentration of tritium in such preparations was varied, showing that the radioactivity of the tritium increased less than proportionally to its concentration. A first attempt is presented to explain these remarkable effects in terms of a 'nuclear pair hypothesis'.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Reifenschwsomeexperi.pdf
3408	Journal Article	Reifenschweiler, O.	1994	Reduced radioactivity of tritium in small titanium particles	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 184					Reduced radioactivity of tritium in small titanium particles	titanium tritium, reduced radioactivity	By heating a TiT0.0035 preparation consisting of extremely small monocrystalline particles (diameter ≈ 15 nm) a decrease of the radioactivity by 40% was observed. In further experiments the concentration of tritium in such preparations was varied (TiTx experiments) showing that the radioactivity of the tritium increased less than proportionally to its concentration. Careful analysis of the experiments seems to rule out the possibility of trivial errors. A provisional hypothetical explanation is formulated. Our experiments may point to a connection with cold DD-fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Reifenschwreducedrad.pdf
3407	Journal Article	Rehm, K. E., Kutschera, W., Perlow, G. J.	1990	Search for protons from the 2H(d,p)3H reaction in an electrolytic cell with palladium-platinum electrodes	Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., Vol = 41, Num = 1, Page = 45					Search for protons from the 2H(d,p)3H reaction in an electrolytic cell with palladium-platinum electrodes	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, particle emission
3406	Journal Article	Rees, L. B.	1991	Cold Fusion: What Do We Know? What Do We Think?	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 10, Num = 1, Page = 111					Cold Fusion: What Do We Know? What Do We Think?	muon, tritium, history, theory, critique
3405	Journal Article	Redey, L., Myles, K. M., Dees, D., Krumpelt, M., Vissers, D. R.	1990	Calorimetric measurements on electrochemical cells with Pd-D cathodes	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 3, Page = 249					Calorimetric measurements on electrochemical cells with Pd-D cathodes	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, heat-, tritium, H/D
3404	Journal Article	Ray, M. K. S., Saini, R. D., Das, D., Chattopadhyay, G., Parthasarathy, R., Garg, S. P., Venkataramani, R., Sen, B. K., Iyengar, T. S., Kutty, K. K., Wagh, D. N., Bajpai, H. N., Iyer, C. S. P.	1992	The Fleischmann-Pons phenomenon - a different perspective	Fusion Technol., Vol = 22					The Fleischmann-Pons phenomenon - a different perspective	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, tritium, neutron, heat
3403	Journal Article	Ratkje, S. K., Hafskjold, B.	1989	Local heat effects by electrolysis of heavy water	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 273					Local heat effects by electrolysis of heavy water	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, critique
3402	Journal Article	Rao, K. R., Chaplot, S. L.	1996	Computer experiments concerning palladium-deuterium and titanium-deuterium lattices - implications to phenomenon of low-energy nuclear reaction	Fusion Technol., Vol = 30					Computer experiments concerning palladium-deuterium and titanium-deuterium lattices - implications to phenomenon of low-energy nuclear reaction	Theory, lattice fluctuations
3401	Book Section	Rao, K. A.	1989	Technique for Concentration of Helium in Electrolytic Gases for Cold Fusion Studies	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion	Iyengar, P. K., Srinivasan, M.	Atomic Energy Commission	Bombay		Technique for Concentration of Helium in Electrolytic Gases for Cold Fusion Studies	Helium		1500
3400	Journal Article	Rant, J., Ilic, R., Skvarc, J., Sutej, T., Budnar, M., Miklavzic, U.	1990	Methods for in-situ detection of cold fusion in condensed matter	Kerntechnik, Vol = 55					Methods for in-situ detection of cold fusion in condensed matter	particle emission, method
3399	Journal Article	Ransford, H. E.	1999	Non-Stellar nucleosynthesis: Transition metal production by DC plasma-discharge electrolysis using carbon electrodes in a non-metallic cell	Infinite Energy, Vol = 4, Num = 23, Page = 16					Non-Stellar nucleosynthesis: Transition metal production by DC plasma-discharge electrolysis using carbon electrodes in a non-metallic cell	transmutation, plasma discharge, H2O
3398	Journal Article	Ransford, H. E.	1994	Apparatus for Safely Extending Cold Fusion Investigations to High Temperature, Pressure and Input Power Regimes	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 78					Apparatus for Safely Extending Cold Fusion Investigations to High Temperature, Pressure and Input Power Regimes	heat, method
3397	Conference Proceedings	Ransford, H. E., Pike, S. J.	1993	Apparatus for Safely ExtendingCold Fusion Investigations to High Temperature, Pressure and Input Power Regimes	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 20		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Apparatus for Safely ExtendingCold Fusion Investigations to High Temperature, Pressure and Input Power Regimes	heat, method, ICCF-4
3396	Journal Article	Rangarajan, S. K.	1989	Electrochemically induced cold fusion? A commentary	Curr. Sci., Vol = 58					Electrochemically induced cold fusion? A commentary	discussion
3395	Conference Proceedings	Rambaut, M.	2004	Electrons clusters and magnetic monopoles	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Electrons clusters and magnetic monopoles	theory
3394	Conference Proceedings	Rambaut, M.	1995	Experimental Evidences for the Harmonic Oscillator Resonance and Electron Accumulation Model of Cold Fusion	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 623	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monac	April 9-13, 1995	Experimental Evidences for the Harmonic Oscillator Resonance and Electron Accumulation Model of Cold Fusion	Theory, resonance, ICCF-5	Cold Fusion outside any substratum is again considered from the Harmonic oscillator resonance and electron accumulation (HOREA) model point of view. If one adds Fractal theory, one gets a more straigthforward agreement with the experimental growth of fusion burst after the apex I of a fast current, and varying approximately like the tenth power I^10. Then it is shown that the model could account for the solar neutrino discrepancy. The paper ends up by a short reminder of two experimental data, in agreement with the HOREA point of view: experimentally noticed Electron accumulations, and Top-Table soft X-ray Laser operation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=430
3393	Journal Article	Rambaut, M.	1994	Account of Cold Fusion by Screening and Harmonic Oscillator Resonance	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 486					Account of Cold Fusion by Screening and Harmonic Oscillator Resonance	theory
3392	Journal Article	Rambaut, M.	1992	Double screened Coulomb barrier accounts for neutrons productions in cluster and other fusion experiments	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 164					Double screened Coulomb barrier accounts for neutrons productions in cluster and other fusion experiments	theory
3391	Conference Proceedings	Rambaut, M.	1992	Lawson Criterion Made Obsolete by Cold Fusion through the Double Screening Process	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 601	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Lawson Criterion Made Obsolete by Cold Fusion through the Double Screening Process	theory, screening, ICCF-3	It is shown that the same phenomenon has been observed in cold fusion and also in other rather different experiments. The necessity to take into account the electron participation in nuclear fusion process in dense media is ensuing from this result. It implies that the fusion reaction rate, necessary for obtaining the Lawson criterion in the thermonuclear case, is not any valid for those experiments: so a new formula is proposed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=337
3390	Personal Communication	Ramarao, P.	2020	Generation of Excess Energy with (Ni+Pd) +H2/D2 system	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 15	Rothwell, J.	LENR-CANR.org			Generation of Excess Energy with (Ni+Pd) +H2/D2 system	Excess heat	Centre for Energy Research (CER) at Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA) which is a deemed-to-be University at Bangalore, India started its research on Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) in 2015. The team at CER tried different designs of custom made reactors and has so far carried out more than 200 experiments with various combinations of the active materials like Nickel (Ni), Palladium (Pd) with Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LAH), Lithium and Hydrogen (H2)/Deuterium (D2) gas at different conditions. Extensive studies and work was also carried out on instrumentation and data Acquisition to capture the phenomena.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RamaraoPgeneration.pdf
3389	Conference Proceedings	Ramamurthy, H., Srinivasan, M., Mukherjee, U. K., Adi Babu, P.	1993	Further Studies on Excess Heat Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 15		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Further Studies on Excess Heat Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells	H2O, heat+, tritium+, Ni, K2CO3, Na2CO3, Li2CO3, ICCF-4, electrolysis
3388	Journal Article	Rajeev, K. P., Gaur, D.	2017	Evidence for Nuclear Transmutations in Ni-Pt Electrolysis	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Evidence for Nuclear Transmutations in Ni-Pt Electrolysis	Electrolysis, LENR, Ni?? systems, Transmutation	We report an easily reproducible Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) electrolysis experiment on an Ni?? system. An electrolytic cell with a Ni cathode and a Pt anode with an aqueous (H2O not D2O) solution of K2CO3 as electrolyte was used for the experiment. A dc-power supply capable of supplying up to 5 A current was used to drive the electrolysis with the typical current being around 4 A and the applied voltage about 100 V. After running the electrolysis for about two weeks with a daily run time of 8 h on an average, a part of the nickel electrode, which by this time had become black, was taken for elemental analysis using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The EDS analysis showed that a whole host of new elements had appeared on the cathode such as: K, Fe, Cu, O, Rh, Zr and Pb. The apparent concentration of the elements varied from just over a percent for K and Pb to about 10% for Rh and 20% for Cu. The sample was then taken to a Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) for isotopic analysis. This analysis also showed that a set of new elements had appeared on the nickel wire which were: K, Si, Mg, Mn, Zn, O & Rh. The Ni itself was found to have the following isotopes: 58Ni, 60Ni and 62Ni with isotope concentration ratios differing significantly from the ratio found in naturally occurring Ni. It was clear that in the electrolyzed Ni the concentrations of 60Ni and 62Ni had gone down compared to the concentration of 58Ni. This is a clear indication that nuclear reactions had taken place during electrolysis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=290
3387	Journal Article	Rajan, K. G., Mudali, U. K., Dayal, R. K., Rodriguez, P.	1991	Electromigration approach to verify cold fusion effects	Fusion Technol., Vol = 20					Electromigration approach to verify cold fusion effects	electromigration, titanium, neutron, tritium, film
3386	Journal Article	Rajagopalan, S. R.	1989	Cold fusion produces more tritium than neutrons	Curr. Sci., Vol = 58					Cold fusion produces more tritium than neutrons	theory, review
3385	Book Section	Raj, P., Suryanarayana, P., Sathyamoorthy, A., Datta, T.	1989	Search for Nuclear Fusion in Gas Phase Deuteriding of Titanium Metal	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion	Iyengar, P. K., Srinivasan, M.	Atomic Energy Commission	Bombay		Search for Nuclear Fusion in Gas Phase Deuteriding of Titanium Metal	Ti, neutron, D2	The possibility of D-D nuclear fusion in some deuterium-metal systems, under ambient conditions, has aroused feverish worldwide interest. Most of the work reported, so far, concerns deuterium charging of Pd metal through electrolysis of D2O. In the Chemistry Division, we have carried out some experiments on the deuteriding behaviour of Ti metal, through gaseous route, in the absorption as well as desorption modes, with the view to look for the fusion products, neutrons in the present case. These kinds of experiments have been reported by Frascatti Group in Italy. These authors detected neutron emission lasting over a period of several hours.	1500 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RajPsearchforn.pdf
3384	Conference Proceedings	Ragland, E.	1996	Triode cell experiments for controlled Fleischmann/Pons effect	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 540	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Triode cell experiments for controlled Fleischmann/Pons effect	excess heat, triode	Experimental research and evaluation of three electrode (triode) cold fusion electrolysis cells is reported herein. Apparatus development began, after patent application, 05 June 1995. The triode apparatus introduces controlled loading and operation of Fleischmann/Pons-type (F/P) cells. In August 1995 excess heat generation was observed in initial triode apparatus experiments conducted by Dr. Dennis Cravens in his New Mexico laboratory. In November 1995 the Boiler Works laboratory in Diamondhead began experimental evaluation of the triode apparatus. A series of experiments in December, January and February led to development of a functioning triode fusion reactor. The reactor was put into operation 20 March 1996 and operated continuously until 23 August 1996. Over the five months of operation of the reactor several experiments were preformed and over 65,000 data pOints were recorded. This data base is being applied in further triode apparatus developments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=139
3383	Journal Article	Ragland, E.	1994	A cold fusion technology assessment. Part I - Preliminary Report	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, \'Frontiers of Cold Fusion\', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 649					A cold fusion technology assessment. Part I - Preliminary Report	review
3382	Conference Proceedings	Ragland, E.	1992	A Physical Description of Cold Fusion	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 649	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	A Physical Description of Cold Fusion	theory, ICCF-3	Cold nuclear fusion of deuterium in an electrolysis cell with palladium electrodes is described as a comprehensive sequence of physical phenomena. 1 . Electrolysis generates many more cations than are necessary to sustain ionization in the cell. The excess cations are adsorbed on the cathode surface where they create an electrical charge Qo of ?vervoltage' Eo. 2 A small fraction (0.01 to 0.1%) of the adsorbed cations, which are thousands of times smaller than typical electrolysis cations and driven by meV adsorption kinetics, penetrate several hundred lattice layers into the cathode metal. These nuclei absorb into the metal until its capacity C (nt) saturates.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=383
3381	Journal Article	Ragland, E.	1990	Triode cell experiments for controlled Fleischmann/Pons effect	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9					Triode cell experiments for controlled Fleischmann/Pons effect	heat, method
3380	Journal Article	Ragheb, M., Miley, G. H.	1990	Deuteron disintegration in condensed media	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9					Deuteron disintegration in condensed media	theory, D, Pd, tritium, Oppenheimer Phillips
3379	Journal Article	Ragheb, M., Miley, G. H.	1989	On the possibility of deuteron disintegration in electrochemically compressed deuterium ion (D+) in a palladium cathode	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					On the possibility of deuteron disintegration in electrochemically compressed deuterium ion (D+) in a palladium cathode	theory, Oppenheimer-Phillips
3378	Journal Article	Rafelski, H. E., Harley, D., Shin, G. R., Rafelski, J.	1991	Cold fusion: muon-catalyzed fusion	J. Phys. B, Vol = 24					Cold fusion: muon-catalyzed fusion	review, muon
3377	Journal Article	Rafelski, J., Sawicki, M., Gajda, M., Harley, D.	1990	Nuclear reactions catalyzed by a massive negatively charged particle. How Cold Fusion Can Be Catalyzed	Fusion Technol., Vol = 18					Nuclear reactions catalyzed by a massive negatively charged particle. How Cold Fusion Can Be Catalyzed	theory, New Particle
3376	Journal Article	Rafelski, J., Sawicki, M., Gajda, M., Harley, D.	1990	How cold fusion can be catalyzed	Fusion Technol., Vol = 18					How cold fusion can be catalyzed	theory
3375	Report	Rafelski, J., Gajda, M., Harley, D., Jones, S. E.	1989	Limits on Cold Fusion in Condensed Matter: A Parametric Study	Scientific American, Vol = July					Limits on Cold Fusion in Condensed Matter: A Parametric Study	Pd, D2O, theory
3374	Journal Article	Rafelski, J., Jones, S. E.	1987	Cold Nuclear Fusion	Scientific American, Vol = July					Cold Nuclear Fusion	muon
3373	Book Section	Radhakrishnan, T. P., Sundaresan, R., Gangadharan, S., Sen, B. K., Murthy, T. S.	1989	Tritium Generation during Electrolysis Experiment	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion	Iyengar, P. K., Srinivasan, M.	Atomic Energy Commission	Bombay		Tritium Generation during Electrolysis Experiment	tritium	In continuation of the earlier R&D work carried out in connection with the investigations for electrochemically induced fusion of deuterons using palladium cathode and platinum anode, a series of experiments was carried out.	1500 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Radhakrishtritiumgen.pdf
3372	Book Section	Radhakrishnan, T. P., Sundaresan, R., Arunachalam, J., SitaramaRaju, V., Kalyanaraman, R., Gangadharan, S., Iyengar, P. K.	1989	Search for Electrochemically Catalysed Fusion of Deuterons in Metal Lattice	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion	Iyengar, P. K., Srinivasan, M.	Atomic Energy Commission	Bombay		Search for Electrochemically Catalysed Fusion of Deuterons in Metal Lattice	Excess heat		1500
3371	Journal Article	Rabzi, G. S.	1996	Natural Cold Fission-Natural New Energy-Natural New Physics	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 184					Natural Cold Fission-Natural New Energy-Natural New Physics	transmutation, theory
3370	Journal Article	Rabzi, G. S.	1996	Mechanism of Low Temperature Transmutation	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 55					Mechanism of Low Temperature Transmutation	transmutation, theory
3369	Journal Article	Rabzi, G. S.	1996	Natural cold fusion-natural new energy- natural new physics	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 184					Natural cold fusion-natural new energy- natural new physics	Theory, transmutation
3368	Journal Article	Rabinowitz, M.	1993	Do the Laws of Nature and Physics Agree On What is Allowed and Forbidden?	21st Century Sci. & Technol., Vol = Spring					Do the Laws of Nature and Physics Agree On What is Allowed and Forbidden?	review, theory
3367	Journal Article	Rabinowitz, M.	1993	Phenomenological Theory for Short Coherence Length Superconductivity	Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol = 216					Phenomenological Theory for Short Coherence Length Superconductivity	superconductivity, theory
3366	Conference Proceedings	Rabinowitz, M., Kim, Y. E., Chechin, V. A., Tsarev, V. A.	1993	Opposition and Support for Cold Fusion	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 15		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Opposition and Support for Cold Fusion	theory, critique, ICCF-4
3365	Conference Proceedings	Rabinowitz, M.	1993	Response to G. Preparata	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 17		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Response to G. Preparata	theory, critique, Preparata, ICCF-4
3364	Journal Article	Rabinowitz, M., Worledge, D. H.	1990	An analysis of cold and lukewarm fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 17					An analysis of cold and lukewarm fusion	theory, review
3363	Journal Article	Rabinowitz, M.	1990	Cluster-impact fusion: new physics or experimental error	Mod. Phys. Lett. B, Vol = 4					Cluster-impact fusion: new physics or experimental error	theory, critique
3362	Journal Article	Rabinowitz, M.	1990	High temperature superconductivity and cold fusion	Mod. Phys. Lett. B, Vol = 4, Num = 4, Page = 233					High temperature superconductivity and cold fusion	theory, superconductivity
3361	Conference Proceedings	Rabinowitz, M., Kim, Y. E., Rice, R. A., Chulick, G. S.	1990	Cluster-Impact Fusion: Bridge Between Hot and Cold Fusion?	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 846	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Cluster-Impact Fusion: Bridge Between Hot and Cold Fusion?	theory, cluster
3360	Journal Article	Rabinowitz, M.	1989	A theoretical framework for cold fusion mechanisms	IEEE Power Eng. Rev.					A theoretical framework for cold fusion mechanisms	theory
3359	Journal Article	Quickenden, T. I., Green, T. A.	1993	A calorimetric study of the electrolysis of D2O and H2O at palladium cathodes	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 344					A calorimetric study of the electrolysis of D2O and H2O at palladium cathodes	heat-, electrolysis, D2O, H2O
3358	Journal Article	Quick, J. E., Hinkley, T. K., Reimer, G. M., Hedge, C. E.	1991	Tritium concentrations in the active Pu'u O'o crater, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: implications for cold fusion in the Earth's interior	Phys. Earth Planet. Interior, Vol = 69					Tritium concentrations in the active Pu'u O'o crater, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: implications for cold fusion in the Earth's interior	tritium, volcano
3357	Conference Proceedings	Quan, L. J.	2002	Physical basis of cold fusion excited in TiD2 lattice	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Physical basis of cold fusion excited in TiD2 lattice 4035	Theory, TiD2, fusion, D2, shielding
3356	Journal Article	Qiu, W. C., Dong, Q. H., Gan, F. X., Wang, S. J.	1992	PAS studies on the new topic: Cold nuclear fusion	Mat. Sci. Forum, Vol = 105-110					PAS studies on the new topic: Cold nuclear fusion	positron annihilation, Pd, D2O, electrolysis
3355	Journal Article	Qiu, W., Dong, Q., Gan, F.	1991	Positron lifetime studies on systems of palladium filled galvanostatically with hydrogen or deuterium	Nucl. Sci. Tech., Vol = 2, Num = 3, Page = 157					Positron lifetime studies on systems of palladium filled galvanostatically with hydrogen or deuterium	theory, position annihilation
3354	Journal Article	Qin, G., Peng, Q., Fu, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, B.	1991	Evolution of hydrogen (deuterium) in palladium-hydrogen (deuterium) system and the distribution of hydrogen near the surface	Wuli Xuebao, Vol = 40, Num = 6, Page = 943 (in Chinese)					Evolution of hydrogen (deuterium) in palladium-hydrogen (deuterium) system and the distribution of hydrogen near the surface	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, x-ray diffraction, lattice parameter, H2O
3353	Conference Proceedings	Qiao, G. S., Han, X. L., Kong, L. C., Zheng, S. X., Huang, H. F., Yan, Y. J., Wu, Q. L., Deng, Y., Lei, S. L., Li, X. Z.	1998	Nuclear Products in a Gas-Loading D/Pd and H/Pd System	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion	Jaeger, F.		Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Nuclear Products in a Gas-Loading D/Pd and H/Pd System	helium transmutation, CR-39, radiation, D2,, H2 ICCF-7	In a gas-loading DlPd or HlPd system, the nuclear products have been identified using mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, electron probe microanalysis, and solid state nuclear track detector. In contrast with the electrolytic cell in most of the 'cold fusion' experiments, gas-loading system has the advantage of less contamination, and provides one more compelling evidence.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=314
3352	Journal Article	Pyun, S. I., Lim, C., Kim, K. B.	1994	An investigation of the electrochemical kinetics of deuterium insertion into a Pd membrane electrode in 0.1M LiOD solution by the a.c. impedance technique	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 203					An investigation of the electrochemical kinetics of deuterium insertion into a Pd membrane electrode in 0.1M LiOD solution by the a.c. impedance technique	Pd, diffusion, electrolysis, PdD
3351	Journal Article	Putterman, S. J.	1995	Sonoluminescence: Sound into light	Scientific American, Vol = 272					Sonoluminescence: Sound into light	Sonoluminescence, acoustic
3350	Conference Proceedings	Pryakhin, E., Urutshoev, L., Tryapitsina, G., Akleyev, A.	2004	Assessment Of The Biological Effects Of 'Strange' Radiation	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Assessment Of The Biological Effects Of 'Strange' Radiation	transmutation
3349	Journal Article	Price, P. B.	1993	Advances in solid state nuclear track detectors	Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas., Vol = 22, Num = 1-4, Page = 9					Advances in solid state nuclear track detectors	particle emission, method
3348	Journal Article	Price, P. B.	1990	Search for high-energy ions from fracture of LiD crystals	Nature (London), Vol = 343					Search for high-energy ions from fracture of LiD crystals	LiD, fractofusoin, neutron
3347	Journal Article	Price, P. B., Barwick, S. W., Williams, W. T., Porter, J. D.	1989	Search for energetic-charged-particle emission from deuterated Ti and Pd foils	Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol = 63, Num = 18, Page = 1926					Search for energetic-charged-particle emission from deuterated Ti and Pd foils	Pd, titanium, D2, particle emission, CR-39
3346	Journal Article	Prevenslik, T. V.	2000	On the Possibility of a Cavity QED Cold Fusion Cell	Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., Vol = 38					On the Possibility of a Cavity QED Cold Fusion Cell	Theory, bubbles
3345	Journal Article	Prevenslik, T. V.	1998	Sonoluminescence: fusion at ambient temperature?	Fusion Technol., Vol = 34					Sonoluminescence: fusion at ambient temperature?	Theory, D2O, liquid fusion
3344	Journal Article	Prevenslik, T. V.	1997	Sonoluminescence: microwaves and cold fusion	Nucl. Sci. Tech., Vol = 8					Sonoluminescence: microwaves and cold fusion	Theory, sonofusion, microwaves
3343	Journal Article	Prevenslik, T. V.	1996	Sonoluminescence: an IRaser creating cold fusion neutrons?	Nucl. Sci. Tech., Vol = 7					Sonoluminescence: an IRaser creating cold fusion neutrons?	Theory, sonoluminescence
3342	Journal Article	Prevenslik, T. V.	1995	Ultrasound induced and laser enhanced cold fusion chemistry	Nucl. Sci. Tech., Vol = 6					Ultrasound induced and laser enhanced cold fusion chemistry	Theory, ultrasound
3341	Conference Proceedings	Prevenslik, T. V.	1995	Biological Effects of Ultasonic Cavitation	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 539	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Biological Effects of Ultasonic Cavitation	ultrasound, biology, cavitation, radiation, ICCF-5	Cavitation energy in a nearly evacuated bubble is shown to not likely reside in the thermal state of the water molecule. In a spherical bubble compression and until the bubble assumes a pancake collapse shape, a temperature increase does not occur in the bubble gas because the mean free path likely exceeds the bubble diameter. The subsequent collapse of the pancake shape to liquid density occurs with only a negligible volume change so that the temperature increase for compression heating of bubble gases is insignificant. Even near liquid density, a temperature increase does not occur as the energy transfer by molecular collisions is in the adiabatic limit for both vibrational and rotational modes. Instead, the IR radiation energy density present within the bubble is increased as required to satisfy standing wave boundary conditions with the bubble walls in the direction of collapse. For biological tissue in an opaque environment, bubble collapse is found to increase the 5- 10 micron I R thermal radiation at ambient temperature to about 3-5 e V that is capable of dissociating the water molecule and forming the chemically reactive hydroxyl radical. Hence, the biological effects of ultrasonic cavitation are proposed to be caused by the chemical reaction of the organisms with the excited electronic states of dissolved oxygen and water molecules. Proposes bubble collapse produces UV radiation by an energy amplification process and this can kill bacteria.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=346
3340	Journal Article	Prevenslik, T. V.	1994	Sonoliminescence Induced Deuterium Fusion	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 530					Sonoliminescence Induced Deuterium Fusion	acoustic, fusion, deuterium
3339	Newspaper Article	Press, A.	1990	Cold Fusion Experiments Produce Excess Tritium	The Oak Ridger					Cold Fusion Experiments Produce Excess Tritium	history
3338	Newspaper Article	Press, A.	1989	LANL Confirms Cold Fusion Tritium -and- Lab Hasn't Confirmed Cold Fusion	Monitor					LANL Confirms Cold Fusion Tritium -and- Lab Hasn't Confirmed Cold Fusion	history, newspaper
3337	Journal Article	Preparata, G., Scorletti, M., Verpelli, M.	1996	Isoperibolic calorimetry on modified Fleischmann-Pons cells	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 411					Isoperibolic calorimetry on modified Fleischmann-Pons cells	heat+, electrolysis, Pd, D2O, replication, Fleischmann
3336	Conference Proceedings	Preparata, G.	1996	Everything Thing You Always Wanted to Know About Cold Fusion Calorimetry	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 136	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Everything Thing You Always Wanted to Know About Cold Fusion Calorimetry	heat+, electrolysis, D2O, Pd, critique, method, ICCF-6	The long standing problem of calorimetry in Cold Fusion (CF) experiments is analysed on the basis of the findings of two recent campaigns of CF experiments, where a surprising difference in the behaviour of blank and 'black' cells was observed. We also present evidence for large excess power production in modified Fleischmann-Pons electrolytic cells.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=151
3335	Conference Proceedings	Preparata, G.	1995	Setting Cold Fusion in Context: A Reply	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 265	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Setting Cold Fusion in Context: A Reply	theory, ICCF-5	This talk consists of three parts: the first on the 'pathological' nature of Cold Fusion ( CF ) phenomena, the second on a wide theoretical effort based on the new i deas of Q ED coherence in matter, and the third replying to explicit criticisms to my work.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=68
3334	Journal Article	Preparata, G.	1994	Cold Fusion '93': Some Theoretical Ideas	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 397					Cold Fusion '93': Some Theoretical Ideas	theory screening
3333	Conference Proceedings	Preparata, G.	1993	Comments on the Criticisms of M. Rabinowitz	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 16		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Comments on the Criticisms of M. Rabinowitz	theory, critique, Rabinowitz, ICCF-4
3332	Conference Proceedings	Preparata, G.	1993	Cold Fusion '93': Some Theoretical Ideas	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 12		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Cold Fusion '93': Some Theoretical Ideas	theory, ICCF-4
3331	Conference Proceedings	Preparata, G.	1992	Towards a Theory of Cold Fusion Phenomena	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = not in Proceedings	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Towards a Theory of Cold Fusion Phenomena	theory
3330	Journal Article	Preparata, G.	1991	A new look at solid-state fractures, particle emission and 'cold' nuclear fusion	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, Vol = 104					A new look at solid-state fractures, particle emission and 'cold' nuclear fusion	theory, fractofusion
3329	Journal Article	Preparata, G.	1991	Some theories of 'cold' nuclear fusion: a review	Fusion Technol., Vol = 20					Some theories of 'cold' nuclear fusion: a review	review, theory
3328	Conference Proceedings	Preparata, G.	1991	Cold Fusion: What do the Laws of Nature Allow and Forbid?	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 453	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Cold Fusion: What do the Laws of Nature Allow and Forbid?	theory, review, ICCF-2	This talk will not be a summary of the theoretical contributions to this Conference: I think that the individual papers that this book collects can give a much better representation of the work that is now going on in the field than I can possibly attempt to give in a short talk. As a partial excuse I may quote a recent review article of mine, where I try to discuss the most significant theories of cold fusion, and the fact that nothing much new has happened in the last few months. Nor will I discuss cold fusion in the non-equilibrium. conditions prevailing in Titanium, fracto-emission and 'lukewarm' fusion. I shall rather try to examine first the strange facts of hydrogen incorporation into Palladium, and then I shall discuss the phenomena of cold fusion in relation to those facts. In the light of the known experimental data I will then discuss the general features of what we might call 'possible' and 'impossible' theories of cold fusion, somehow drawing a demarcation line between which theoretical ideas can and cannot explain those observations, given the well established and accepted general laws of condensed matter (Quantum Electro Dynamics, QED) and nuclear physics (Quantum Chromo Dynamics, QCD). My discussion will follow quite closely a paper recently completed in collaboration with M. Fleischmann and S . Pons.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=468
3327	Conference Proceedings	Preparata, G.	1990	Theoretical Ideas on Cold Fusion	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 91	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	Theoretical Ideas on Cold Fusion	theory, ICCF-1	The rapidly expanding experimental body of information on the phenomena attributed to cold nuclear fusion poses several funda.mental challenges to the generally accepted physical picture of both condensed matter and nuclear physics. In this presentation I will show how a recently proposed approach to the coherent electrodynamic processes in condensed matter, in terms of the 80 called 'superradiant' behavior, can be used to provide for explicit coherent mechanism! for: (al greatly enhancing the tunneling probability in the DD fusion process; (b) ultrarapid electron cooling of the excited compound nucleus, thus strongly suppressing the usual n-3 He and p-T channels of DD fusion in vacuum.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=110
3326	Conference Proceedings	Preparata, G.	1990	Fractofusion Revisted	Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, 'AIP Conference Proceedings 228', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 840	Jones, S., Scaramuzzi, F., Worledge, D. H.	American Institute of Physics, New York	Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT	Oct. 22-23. 1990	Fractofusion Revisted	theory fractofusion
3325	Journal Article	Premuda, F.	1998	Coulomb barrier total screening by Bose-Einstein-condensed deuterium in palladium blisters and reaction chains in high-density hysteresis	Fusion Technol., Vol = 33					Coulomb barrier total screening by Bose-Einstein-condensed deuterium in palladium blisters and reaction chains in high-density hysteresis	Theory, screening, Bose-Einstein
3324	Journal Article	Premuda, F.	1989	Cold fusion: what's going on? (section editor's title)	Nature (London), Vol = 338					Cold fusion: what's going on? (section editor's title)	theory
3323	Journal Article	Prelazzi, G., Cerboni, M., Leofanti, G.	1999	Comparison of H2 adsorption, O2 adsorption, H2 titration, and O2 titration on supported palladium catalysts	J. Catal., Vol = 181					Comparison of H2 adsorption, O2 adsorption, H2 titration, and O2 titration on supported palladium catalysts	Pd, catalyst, PdH, composition, loading
3322	Journal Article	Prelas, M. A., Lukosi, E.	2014	Neutron Emission from Cryogenically Cooled Metals Under Thermal Shock	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					455-463 Neutron Emission from Cryogenically Cooled Metals Under Thermal Shock	Deuterium, Neutrons, Phase Change, Surface preparation, Thermal shock, Titanium	During the summer of 1991, intense neutron bursts were observed after temperature shocking titanium chips which had been saturated with deuterium gas. The titanium chips were cooled and loaded with deuterium at 77 K and then rapidly heated to 323 K. The rapid heating produces a large pressure increase inside the crystalline lattice of the host metal. An Event Timer/Counter (ETC) card was designed and developed which counted and kept a time distribution of the neutron pulses as they occurred from a helium-3 neutron counter embedded in a paraffin moderator [1]. The experiment produced copious neutron counts. During one cooling and heating cycle, over 2 million neutrons were counted over a 5 min time period. In subsequent cooling and heating cycles using the same titanium chips, significant neutron bursts were observed with diminishing counts after each subsequent cycle. This paper will discuss the 1991 experiments and the status of ongoing experiments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PrelasMAneutronemi.pdf
3321	Journal Article	Prelas, M. A., Boody, F., Gallaher, W., Leal-Quiros, E., Mencin, D., Taylor, S.	1990	Cold fusion experiments using Maxwellian plasmas and sub-atmospheric deuterium gas	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 3, Page = 309					Cold fusion experiments using Maxwellian plasmas and sub-atmospheric deuterium gas	Pd, ion bombardment, neutron, gamma emission
3320	Journal Article	Prelas, M. A.	1989	Advanced energy conversion methods for cold fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					Advanced energy conversion methods for cold fusion	discussion
3319	Journal Article	Pratt, L. R., Eckert, J.	1989	Molecular Dynamics of a Dilute Solution of Hydrogen in Palladium	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 39, Num = 18, Page = 13170					Molecular Dynamics of a Dilute Solution of Hydrogen in Palladium	Pd, H, theory, vibration
3318	Journal Article	Prati, P., Ricco, G., Taiuti, M., Boragno, C., Eggenhoffner, R., Valbusa, U.	1992	Search for neutron emission from titanium-deuterium systems	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, Vol = 105					Search for neutron emission from titanium-deuterium systems	neutron method, titanium, D2
3317	Journal Article	Pozwolski, A. E.	1997	Comments on composite electrolytes and cold fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 31					Comments on composite electrolytes and cold fusion	theory
3316	Journal Article	Poyser, P. A., Kemali, M., Ross, D. K.	1997	Deuterium absorption in Pd0.9Y0.1 alloy	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 253-254					Deuterium absorption in Pd0.9Y0.1 alloy	Pd-Y-D, PdD, loading, Pd, lattice parameter
3315	Journal Article	Powell, G. L., Kirkpatrick, J. R., Conant, J. W.	1991	Surface Effects in the Reaction of H and D with Pd-Macroscopic Manifestations	J. Less-Common Met., Vol = 172-174					Surface Effects in the Reaction of H and D with Pd-Macroscopic Manifestations	pressure, Pd, D, H, PdD, PdH, phase Diagram, diffusion
3314	Journal Article	Powell, G. L., Kirkpatrick, J. R.	1991	Surface Conductance and Diffusion of H and D in Pd	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 43, Num = 9, Page = 6968					Surface Conductance and Diffusion of H and D in Pd	Pd, D, H, diffusion
3313	Report	Powell, G. L., Lasser, R., Kirkpatrick, J. R., Conant, J. W.	1991	Surface and Bulk Effects in the Reaction of H and D with Pd	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 3, Page = 355					Surface and Bulk Effects in the Reaction of H and D with Pd	Pd, PdD, diffusion, loading
3312	Report	Powell, G. L.	1991	The Reaction Probability for Exchange of Hydrogen Isotopes on Pd	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 3, Page = 355					The Reaction Probability for Exchange of Hydrogen Isotopes on Pd	exhange, Hydrogen, Deuterium, Tritium, Pd
3311	Journal Article	Powell, G. L., Bullock, IV J. S., Hallman, R. L., Horton, P. J., Hutchinson, D. P.	1990	The preparation of palladium for cold fusion experiments	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 3, Page = 355					The preparation of palladium for cold fusion experiments	Pd, loading, D2, pressure, method, preparation
3310	Journal Article	Postnikov, V. S., Postnikov, V. V., Fedorov, V. M.	1978	Instability and Superconductivity in Pd-Ag-D and Pd-H Systems	Phys. Stat. Sol. B, Vol = 85					Instability and Superconductivity in Pd-Ag-D and Pd-H Systems	superconductivity, PdH, Pd-Ag
3309	Journal Article	Porter, J. D., Shihab-Eldin, A. A., Bossy, H., Echegaray, F. J., Nitschke, J. M., Prussin, S. G., Rasmussen, J. O., Stoyer, M. A.	1990	Limits on electromagnetic and particle emission from palladium-D2O electrolytic cells	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9					Limits on electromagnetic and particle emission from palladium-D2O electrolytic cells	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, neutron, H2O, particle emission
3308	Conference Proceedings	Popa-Simil, L.	2013	The Fusion-Transmutation Battery	Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space 2013			Albuquerque, NM	February 25-28, 2013	The Fusion-Transmutation Battery	fusion battery	Nuclear reactions such as transmutation, fusion or fission may occur in special nano-structures arrangements with a specific excitation that creates a nuclear active environment. All the parameters of mass distribution, quantum states and field excitation contribute to the process that involves more than two bodies that are not smashed together through their Coulombian barrier, as is the normal nuclear practice. New concepts in physics such as quantum nonlocality and potential formation of nuclear molecules come into play when considering high quantum energy reactions triggered by low energy excitation of special quantum states. Several nuclear or sub-nuclear entities in various positions may entangle putting the nuclear mass in special communion that may react and end in totally different structures than for normally encountered combinations. In the past 20 years of experiments, some observations of reactions producing heat only, reactions exhibiting strong bursts of neutrons, gammas and X-rays, some explosions, and over 40 accidents give strong support for new physics ideas in the world.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PopaSimilLthefusiont.pdf
3307	Conference Proceedings	Popa-Simil, L.	2012	Roadmap to Fusion Battery A Novel Type of Nuclear Battery and Potential Outcomes and Applications	International Low Energy Nuclear Reactions Symposium, ILENRS-12			The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185		Roadmap to Fusion Battery A Novel Type of Nuclear Battery and Potential Outcomes and Applications	fusion, direct energy conversion	This file includes a paper and PowerPoint slides. The Fusion battery was the object of many science fiction novels and movies; the most recent one being 'Star Trek,' but now it is poised to come to life. These batteries rely on a process that converts the fusion energy into electricity. They are more compact and state-of-the-art and resemble an aluminum air battery, but up to about 10 million times more powerful.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PopaSimilLroadmaptof.pdf
3306	Journal Article	Pool, R.	1990	Cold Fusion: End of Act 1	Science, Vol = 244					Cold Fusion: End of Act 1	history
3305	Journal Article	Pool, R.	1990	Wolf: My Tritium Was Impurity	Science					Wolf: My Tritium Was Impurity	history
3304	Journal Article	Pool, R.	1989	Will New Evidence Support Cold Fusion ? AND Teller,Chu Boost Cold Fusion	Science, Vol = 246					Will New Evidence Support Cold Fusion ? AND Teller,Chu Boost Cold Fusion	history, conference
3303	Journal Article	Pool, R.	1989	Brookhaven Chemists Find New Fusion Method	Science, Vol = 245					Brookhaven Chemists Find New Fusion Method	cluster, D2O, ion bombardment
3302	Journal Article	Pool, R., Crawford, M.	1989	How Cold Fusion Happened- Twice !	Science, Vol = 244					How Cold Fusion Happened- Twice !	history, newspaper
3301	Journal Article	Pool, R.	1989	Skepticism Grows Over Cold Fusion	Science, Vol = 244					Skepticism Grows Over Cold Fusion	history
3300	Journal Article	Pool, R.	1989	Fusion Followup : Confusion Abounds	Science, Vol = 244					Fusion Followup : Confusion Abounds	history
3299	Journal Article	Pool, R.	1989	Fusion Breakthrough?	Science, Vol = 244					Fusion Breakthrough?	history
3298	Journal Article	Pool, R.	1989	Teller, Chu Boost Cold Fusion	Science					Teller, Chu Boost Cold Fusion	history
3297	Journal Article	Pons, S., Fleischmann, M.	1996	Etalonnage du systeme Pd-D2O: effets de protocole et feed-back positif. ['Calibration of the Pd-D2O system: protocol and positive feed-back effects']	J. Chim. Phys., Vol = 93					Etalonnage du systeme Pd-D2O: effets de protocole et feed-back positif. ['Calibration of the Pd-D2O system: protocol and positive feed-back effects']	Theory, enthalpy of formation, PdD
3296	Edited Book	Pons, S.	1995	Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion (Part 2)	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 8		IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion (Part 2)		This is the complete proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, April 9-13, 1995, Monte-Carlo, Monaco. The printed book is in one volume, but this version has been split into two parts to facilitate downloading. This is Part 2, page 201 to page 640. This file is in image-over-text Acrobat format, so it is large.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf
3295	Edited Book	Pons, S.	1995	Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion (Part 1)	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 8		IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion (Part 1)		This is the complete proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, April 9-13, 1995, Monte-Carlo, Monaco. The printed book is in one volume, but this version has been split into two parts to facilitate downloading. This is Part 1, cover page to page 200. This file is in image-over-text Acrobat format, so it is large.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf
3294	Conference Proceedings	Pons, S., Fleischmann, M.	1993	Heat After Death	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 8		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Heat After Death	heat+, Pd, D2O, ICCF-4, electrolysis	We have described elsewhere . . . that Pd and Pd-alloy electrodes cathodically polarised in D2O solutions under extreme conditions can drive the calorimetric cells to the boiling point. We have then adopted the procedure of allowing the cells to boil to dryness. For these conditions the galvanostats are driven to the rail voltage (100 V) but the cell current is reduced to zero. We have then found that cells which contained D2O frequently remain at high temperatures (in the vicinity of 100?) before cooling rapidly to the bath temperature. Cells containing H2O can also be driven to the boiling point but such cells cool immediately on terminating the experiments. This phenomenon has become known as 'Heat after Death' (the death referring to cessation of polarisation). Calibrations of the cells for such conditions show the generation of high levels of enthalpy at zero enthalpy input. Methods of investigating such systems will be outlined.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSheatafterd.pdf
3293	Journal Article	Pons, S., Fleischmann, M.	1992	Concerning the detection of neutron and gamma-rays from cells containing palladium cathodes polarized in heavy water	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, Vol = 105A					Concerning the detection of neutron and gamma-rays from cells containing palladium cathodes polarized in heavy water	electrolysis, Pd, D2O, neutron gamma emission
3292	Conference Proceedings	Pons, S., Fleischmann, M.	1991	The Calorimetry of Electrode Reactions and Measurements of Excess Enthalpy Generation in the Electrolysis of D2O Using Pd-based Cathodes	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 349	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	The Calorimetry of Electrode Reactions and Measurements of Excess Enthalpy Generation in the Electrolysis of D2O Using Pd-based Cathodes	heat, method, ICCF-2	In the period since March 1989, there has been much comment and doubt expressed concerning the accuracy of the calorimetric techniques that we adopted to demonstrate the presence of excess enthalpy generation during the electrolysis of D2O solutions at palladium-based 2 electrodes. As it is only the end of the second year of research in this area, it seems appropriate at this point in time to summarize what we have actually done and to comment on the work in progress.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSthecalorim.pdf
3291	Journal Article	Pons, S., Fleischmann, M.	1990	Calorimetric measurements of the palladium/deuterium system: fact and fiction	Fusion Technol., Vol = 17					Calorimetric measurements of the palladium/deuterium system: fact and fiction	heat+, method, critique
3290	Conference Proceedings	Pons, S., Fleischmann, M.	1990	Calorimetry of the Palladium-Deuterium System	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 1	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	Calorimetry of the Palladium-Deuterium System	heat+, Pd, D2O, method., electrolysis, ICCF-1	Our calorimetric measurements of the Pd/D system both in the period leading up to the preliminary publication (1) (for some corrections see(2)) and in the period leading up to the submission of the first full paper(3) showed that it is necessary to make measurements on a large number of electrodes for long times (the mean time chosen for a measurement cycle has been 3 months). It has therefore been necessary to adopt a low cost approach; our solution has been to use the single compartment Dewar cell type calorimeters illustrated in Fig. 1 and we have maintained up to five of these cells in each of three specially constructed water baths (see Section 1 below). The same type of calorimeter has been used for blank measurements on the Pd-H, Pt-D, and Pt-H systems.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=20
3289	Patent	Pons, S., Fleischmann, M., Walling, C., Simons, J. P.	1990	Method and Apparatus for Power Generation	Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ukr.			WO 90/10935,1990		Tertiary Method and Apparatus for Power Generation Method and Apparatus for Power Generation	patent, apparatus
3288	Journal Article	Pons, S., Fleischmann, M.	1989	Some Comments on the History of the Field	Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ukr.					Some Comments on the History of the Field	history
3287	Journal Article	Pokropivnii, V. V.	1993	Bineutron theory of cold nuclear fusion	Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ukr.					Bineutron theory of cold nuclear fusion	theory, dineutron
3286	Journal Article	Pokropivnii, V. V., Ogorodnikov, V. V.	1990	The bineutron model of cold nuclear fusion in metals	Pis`ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., Vol = 16, Num = 21, Page = 31 (in Russian)					The bineutron model of cold nuclear fusion in metals	theory, dineutron
3285	Newspaper Article	Plotkin, H.	2002	Cold Fusion Rides Again. Science magazine publishes more evidence of tabletop nuclear reactions	SF Gate					Cold Fusion Rides Again. Science magazine publishes more evidence of tabletop nuclear reactions	sonofusion	This news article is archived here: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/gate/archive/2002/03/25/tbltpfusion.DTL Science magazine dropped a bombshell earlier this month: The prestigious journal published a paper by a team of researchers at Tennessee's Oak Ridge National Laboratory who say they have discovered evidence of what looks like nuclear fusion taking place in a relatively inexpensive tabletop device. The findings bear striking similarities to the controversial cold-fusion claims made by chemists Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann in 1989, although the particular experiment is different.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PlotkinHcoldfusion.pdf
3284	Newspaper Article	Plotkin, H.	1999	Power To The People. The return of cold fusion	SF Gate					Power To The People. The return of cold fusion	history	This news article is archived here: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/technology/archive/1999/03/15/coldfusion.dtl On Friday, March 26, 1999, the director of Menlo Park-based SRI International's Energy Research Center, Dr. Michael McKubre, will present the results of SRI's 10-year, $6 million-dollar effort to replicate the cold-fusion experiments of chemists Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann. McKubre's startling conclusion: Pons and Fleischmann were on to something.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PlotkinHpowertothe.pdf
3283	Newspaper Article	Plotkin, H.	1999	The war against cold fusion. What's realy behind it?	SF Gate					The war against cold fusion. What's realy behind it?	history	This news article is archived here: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/technology/archive/1999/05/17/coldfusion2.dtl Two months ago, I reported that Dr. Michael McKubre, an electrochemist at Menlo Park-based SRI, was, like other researchers, generating unaccounted-for heat in a carefully-controlled cold fusion experiment.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PlotkinHthewaragai.pdf
3282	Journal Article	Plekhanov, V. G.	2019	A Possible Signature of Neutron Quarks -- Leptons via Gluon Interaction in Solids	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					A Possible Signature of Neutron Quarks -- Leptons via Gluon Interaction in Solids	Excitons, Leptons, Quantum electrodynamics and chromodynamics, Quarks, Strong interaction	The experimental evidence for a macroscopic manifestation of the residual strong interaction in the optical spectra of solids (lumi-nescence and reflection) which differ by term of one neutron from each other (using LiD crystals instead LiH ones) is presented. As far as the gravitation, electromagnetic and weak interactions are the same in both of kind crystals, this only changes the residual strong interaction. Therefore, we conclude that the renormalization of the energy of electromagnetic excitations (electrons, excitons, and phonons) is carried out by the residual strong nuclear interaction. The necessity to take into account the more close relation between quantum chromodynamics and quantum electrodynamics is underlined. In the first step quantum electrodynamics should take into account the residual strong interaction at the description of the dynamics of elementary excitations (electrons, excitons, and phonons) dynamics.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=512
3281	Magazine Article	Platt, C.	1998	The Wired 25	Wired, Vol = 6, Num = 11					The Wired 25	history	This article is available at: http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.11/wired25.html Life is short. Especially when you'se determined to break all the rules. In any age, there are a few people who give the rest of us something we can truly aspire to - and never more so than today. Meet the Wired 25, class of 1998. They are actively, even hyperactively, inventing tomorrow. From a wide range of professions, they have one thing in common: devotion to a singular ambition. They are attempting the impossible, and whether they succeed or fail, they will have a lasting impact on your life (and the lives of your kids).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PlattCthewired.pdf
3280	Magazine Article	Platt, C.	1998	What If Cold Fusion Is Real?	Wired, Vol = 6, Num = 11					What If Cold Fusion Is Real?	history	This article is available at: http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.11/coldfusion.html It was the most notorious scientific experiment in recent memory - in 1989, the two men who claimed to have discovered the energy of the future were condemned as imposters and exiled by their peers. Can it possibly make sense to reopen the cold fusion investigation? A surprising number of researchers already have.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PlattCwhatifcold.pdf
3279	Journal Article	Pippard, B.	1991	Footnote to History	Nature (London), Vol = 350					Footnote to History	history
3278	Journal Article	Pinch, T. J.	1992	Opening black boxes: Science, technology and society	Social Studies of Science, Vol = 22					Opening black boxes: Science, technology and society	history
3277	Conference Proceedings	Pike, R.	2012	Chemical Aspects of LENR	International Low Energy Nuclear Reactions Symposium, ILENRS-12			The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185		Chemical Aspects of LENR	electrochemistry	This file includes a paper and PowerPoint slides. The chemistry connected with low energy nuclear reactions is considered, starting with the Fleischmann and Pons work. Further innovations in electrochemical experiments following upon Fleischmann and Pons are examined. The chemical and structural nature of metal hydrides is discussed. Attention is paid to the variety of mixed metal hydrides that might potentially be exploited in LENR. Finally, the issues connected with LENR reactor design are touched upon.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PikeRchemicalas.pdf
3276	Journal Article	Picasso, L. E.	1989	Fusione: Fredda o calda?' (Fusion; cold or hot?)	Accaio Inossid., Vol = 56, Num = 2, Page = 5 (in Italian)					Fusione: Fredda o calda?' (Fusion; cold or hot?)	review
3275	Journal Article	Picard, C., Kleppa, O. J., Boureau, G.	1978	Thermodynamic Study of the Palladium-Hydrogen System at 245-352 C and at Pressures Up To 34 atm	J. Chem. Phys., Vol = 69					Thermodynamic Study of the Palladium-Hydrogen System at 245-352 C and at Pressures Up To 34 atm	Pd, H2, PdH, thermodynamic, pressure, Phase Diagram, enthalpy
3274	Patent	Piantelli, S., Piantelli, F.	2010	Method for producing energy and apparatus therefor WO 2010/058288	Infinite Energy, Vol = 5, Num = 26, Page = 58			World Intellectual Property Organization		Method for producing energy and apparatus therefor WO 2010/058288	patent, Ni, H2, heat	A method and a generator to produce energy from nuclear reactions between hydrogen and a metal, comprising the steps of a) production of a determined quantity of micro/nanometric clusters of a transition metal, b) bringing hydrogen into contact with said clusters and controlling its pressure and speed, preferably after applying vacuum cycles of at least 10^-9 bar between 35? and 500? for degassing the clusters . . .	WO 2010/058288 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PiantelliSmethodforp.pdf
3273	Patent	Piantelli, F.	1995	Energy Generation and Generator by Means of Anharmonic Stimulated Fusion WO 1995/020816	Infinite Energy, Vol = 5, Num = 26, Page = 58			World Intellectual Property Organization		WO 1995/020816 Energy Generation and Generator by Means of Anharmonic Stimulated Fusion WO 1995/020816	patent, Ni, H2, heat
3272	Journal Article	Phipps, T. E.	1999	Neutron formation by electron penetration of the nucleus	Infinite Energy, Vol = 5, Num = 26, Page = 58					Neutron formation by electron penetration of the nucleus	Theory neutron formation
3271	Book	Phillips, S. M.	1980	Extra-Sensory Preception of Quarks	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		The Theosophical Publishing House	India		Extra-Sensory Preception of Quarks	theory
3270	Conference Proceedings	Petrucci, A., Mignani, R., Cardone, F.	2009	Comparison Between Piezonuclear Reactions and CMNS Phenomenology	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Comparison Between Piezonuclear Reactions and CMNS Phenomenology		The purpose of this paper is to place side by side the experimental results of Piezonuclear reactions, which have been recently unveiled, and those collected during the last twenty years of experiments on low energy nuclear reactions (LENR). We will briefly report the results of our campaign of experiments on piezonuclear reactions where ultrasounds and cavitation were applied to solutions of stable elements. These outcomes will be shown to be compatible with the results and evidences obtained from low energy nuclear reaction experiments. Some theoretical concepts and ideas, on which our experiments are grounded, will be sketched and it will be shown that, in order to trigger our measured effects, it exists an energy threshold, that has to be overcome, and a maximum interval of time for this energy to be released to the nuclear system. Eventually, a research hypothesis will be put forward about the chance to raise the level of analogy from the mere comparison of results up to the phenomenological level. Here, among the various evidences collected in LENR experiments, we will search for hints about the overcome of the energy threshold and about the mechanism that releases the loaded energy in a suitable interval of time.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceedinga.pdf#page=63
3269	Journal Article	Petrillo, C., Sacchetti, F.	1989	A possible mechanism for bulk cold fusion in transition metal hydrides	Europhys. Lett., Vol = 10					A possible mechanism for bulk cold fusion in transition metal hydrides	theory, phase change
3268	Journal Article	Petrii, O. A., Tsirlina, G. A., Simonov, E. F., Safonov, V. A., Lapshina, E. V.	1991	Attempts to detect electrochemical cold nuclear fusion by determining the excess tritium	Sov. Electrochem., Vol = 27					Attempts to detect electrochemical cold nuclear fusion by determining the excess tritium	tritium, Pd, electrolysis, D2O
3267	Journal Article	Petrasso, R. D., Chen, X., Wenzel, K. W., Parker, R. R., Li, C. K., Fiore, C.	1989	Measurement of g-Rays from Cold Fusion	Nature (London), Vol = 339					Measurement of g-Rays from Cold Fusion	gamma emission, Pd, D2O, history, Fleischmann
3266	Journal Article	Petrasso, R. D., Chen, X., Wenzel, K. W., Parker, R. R., Li, C. K., Fiore, C.	1989	Problems with the gamma-ray spectrum in the Fleischmann et al experiments	Nature (London), Vol = 339, Num = 6221, Page = 667					Problems with the gamma-ray spectrum in the Fleischmann et al experiments	critique Fleischmann, gamma emission
3265	Newspaper Article	Petit, C.	1989	Fusion Fever in Utah --State Aches With Pride	Salt Lake City Chronicle			Salt Lake CityEditor		Fusion Fever in Utah --State Aches With Pride	history, newspaper
3264	Book	Peterson, C.	2012	The Guardian Poplar, A Memoir of Deep Roots, Journey and Rediscovery	Acta Phys. Pol. A, Vol = 75		The University of Utah Press	Salt Lake City		The Guardian Poplar, A Memoir of Deep Roots, Journey and Rediscovery History	History	Selected portions of chapter 12 from Chase Peterson's autobiography. Peterson was president of the University of Utah when cold fusion was announced. This chapter is titled, 'THEY WILL ONLY LAUGH AT YOU': Cold Fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PetersonCtheguardia.pdf
3263	Journal Article	Petelenz, P.	1989	Hypothetical D-D bound states in solid palladium	Acta Phys. Pol. A, Vol = 75					Hypothetical D-D bound states in solid palladium	theory, distance
3262	Journal Article	Peroni, P.	1989	Cold fusion: what's going on? (Letters to the Editor)	Nature (London), Vol = 338					Cold fusion: what's going on? (Letters to the Editor)	critique, theory
3261	Journal Article	Perfetti, P., Cilloco, F., Felici, R., Capozi, M., Ippoliti, A.	1989	Neutron emission under particular nonequilibrium conditions from palladium and titanium electrolytically charged with deuterium	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, Vol = 11, Num = 6, Page = 921					Neutron emission under particular nonequilibrium conditions from palladium and titanium electrolytically charged with deuterium	electrolysis, Pd, titanium, D2O, neutron, PdD, heat+, fractofusion
3260	Conference Proceedings	Perez-Pariente, J.	2004	Evidence For The Ocurrence Of Lenr-Type Processes In Alchemical Transmutations	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Evidence For The Ocurrence Of Lenr-Type Processes In Alchemical Transmutations	transmutation
3259	Journal Article	Pennisi, E.	1991	Helium find thaws the cold fusion trail	Sci. News (Washington, DC), Vol = 139, Num = 12, Page = 177					Helium find thaws the cold fusion trail	history
3258	Conference Proceedings	Pemberton, S., Mace, J., Tasker, D.	2009	Quantum Mechanical Study of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Quantum Mechanical Study of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect		Resonances in deuterium-deuterium fusion were examined by calculating the transmission behavior of a single deuteron through a deuterium atom, or through a system comprising two or three deuterium atoms, using transfer matrix methodology. Many unittransmission resonance peaks were observed in the results of the calculations, even at incoming deuteron energies of a few electron volts, but resonance peak widths were found to be very narrow at low energies, so that the probabilities of fusion would be small.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceedinga.pdf#page=168
3257	Conference Proceedings	Pemberton, S., Mace, J., Tasker, D.	2009	Quantum Mechancial Study of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect (PowerPoint slides)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Quantum Mechancial Study of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect (PowerPoint slides)	Theory	The Fleischmann-Pons Effect [1] (FPE) was swiftly rejected when published in 1989, yet a significant number of researchers have since reported energy gains in similar experiments; for a review see ref. [2]. These gains have been associated with 'cold fusion' or Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) where energy is released from a deuterium-deuterium (d-d) fusion. Clearly, this raises fundamental questions because the probability of a d-d fusion, under the conditions of the FPE cell, is extremely small. As stated in ref. [1], 'it is necessary to reconsider the quantum mechanics of electrons and deuterons in such host lattices.' The goal of this paper is to predict possible changes in the probability of d-d fusion, caused by perturbations to the energy barriers or positive interference caused by the effects of adjacent atoms in a lattice. We report preliminary work on formulating quantum-mechanical models of the behavior of deuterium atoms trapped in a lattice.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PembertonSquantummec.pdf
3256	Journal Article	Pell, E.	2013	Agreements and Disagreements with Storms	Infinite Energy					38 Agreements and Disagreements with Storms theory	theory, critique	Storms points out that cold fusion (LENR) does not produce a high energy particle as part of the final product. There is ample experimental proof of this and I agree. Storms includes all lattice defects as being lattice and not potential reaction sites. I disagree. I still see lattice defects as potential sites, particularly single atom vacancies. I do agree that regular undisturbed lattice material is not where reactions occur, even when loaded greater than 0.9 with deuterium.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PellEagreements.pdf
3255	Book	Peat, F. D.	1989	Cold fusion: The making of a scientific controversy	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19		Contempory Books			Cold fusion: The making of a scientific controversy	history, book
3254	Journal Article	Pease, D., Azizi, O., He, J., El-Boher, A., Hubler, G. K., Bok, S., Mathai, C., Gangopadhyay, S., Lecci, S., Violante, V.	2016	Search for Low-energy X-ray and Particle Emissions from an Electrochemical Cell	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					257 Search for Low-energy X-ray and Particle Emissions from an Electrochemical Cell	Anomalous heat effect, Electrolytic cell, Low energy, PdD cathode, X-rays	Several theories to explain anomalous heat production predict the emission of low-energy X-rays and/or MeV alpha particles from PdD cathodes in electrochemical cells. Such radiation, however, is not detectable from outside of a standard electrochemical cell due to absorption in the electrolyte and cell walls. A custom cell was therefore assembled which permits X-rays of energy > 1 keV to pass through a thin cathodic membrane and enter into an X-ray detector with minimal attenuation. This test cell geometry also potentially allows any emitted MeV alpha particles to be detected when they impact a Pd cathode and cause fluorescent emission of Pd-K (21.2, 23.8 keV) X-rays. The detection of X-ray emissions from a membrane electrolytic cell potentially permits the mechanism(s) for anomalous heat production to be investigated with great sensitivity. As an example, a typical X-ray detector allows 1 keV X-rays to be detected at emission rates of less than one per second and this level of sensitivity corresponds to a thermal resolution of < 0.2 fW. Time resolved X-ray spectral data ranging from 1 to 30 keV was collected for over a year using various types of membranes and different electrolytic solutions. None of these test cells, however, yielded any X-rays which were above ambient background levels.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=265
3253	Journal Article	Pauling, L.	1989	Explanations of cold fusion' (section editor's title)	Nature (London), Vol = 339					Explanations of cold fusion' (section editor's title)	PdD2, phase diagram, theory, structure
3252	Patent	Patterson, J. A.	1996	System for Electrolysis	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15			US Patent #5,494,559		Tertiary System for Electrolysis System for Electrolysis	H2O, Ni, heat+, electrolysis CETI patent
3251	Patent	Patterson, J. A.	1994	Method for Electrolysis of Water to Form Metal Hydride	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15			US Patent # 5,318,675		Tertiary Method for Electrolysis of Water to Form Metal Hydride Method for Electrolysis of Water to Form Metal Hydride	heat+, water, electrolysis, beads CETI patent
3250	Journal Article	Passell, T. O.	2015	The Case for Deuteron Stripping with Metal Nuclei as the Source of the Fleischmann?ons Excess Heat Effect	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					288 The Case for Deuteron Stripping with Metal Nuclei as the Source of the Fleischmann?ons Excess Heat Effect	Deuterium, Energy, Metals, Nuclear, Oppenheimer?hillips	Evidence is cited from the research literature on metals containing absorbed deuterium supporting the hypothesis that the excess heat episodes observed over the past 25 years are the result of exothermic deuteron stripping reactions with atomic nuclei of the absorbing metal. The deuteron stripping reaction is one in which the neutron half of the mass 2 deuteron is captured by an atomic nucleus while the proton half of the deuteron is ejected, repelled by the coulomb field of the positively charged metal nucleus. This hypothesis provides a plausible explanation why so little external radiation accompanies the episodes of excess heat first observed by Fleischmann and Pons [1]. The reaction products from stable isotopes of the host metal are a proton with energies up to 9.2 MeV energy and a recoiling nucleus with energies of 100??o 600 keV. These two reaction products are retained near their birthplace because their range in solids is less than 100 m. The emitted proton is energetic enough to produce by (p,n), (p, ), (p,T), and (p,X-ray), reactions with host metal nuclei and their light-element impurities, the small number of neutrons, alpha particles, tritium atoms (T), and X-rays, occasionally observed associated with deuterated Ti and Pd. The PIXE process (proton induced X-ray emission) is expected in which numerous K, L, and M X-rays of the absorbing metal are produced. For metals with thicknesses of >1 mm the vast majority of such X-rays do not escape the metal. In experiments with foils of the host metal sufficiently thin, low levels of charged particles (mostly protons) have been observed. Some of the observed protons were at energies larger than 3.0 MeV, the largest possible energy of protons from the fusion of two deuterons. Widely observed He4 and tritium are known products of the deuteron stripping reaction with Li6, which is a major constituent of electrolytes and a minor impurity in most metals. In any case, researchers have observed small but definite indicators of nuclear reactions other than d+d fusion in deuterated metals at temperatures not significantly above ambient.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=295
3249	Conference Proceedings	Passell, T. O.	2008	ICCF-14 Summary	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		ICCF-14 Summary	review
3248	Conference Proceedings	Passell, T. O., Benson, T.	2005	Glow Discharge Calorimetry (PowerPoint slides)	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Glow Discharge Calorimetry (PowerPoint slides)	glow discharge, calorimetry, heat
3247	Conference Proceedings	Passell, T. O.	2003	Pd-110/Pd108 Ratios and Trace Element Changes in Particulate Palladium Exposed to Deuterium Gas (PowerPoint slides)	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Pd-110/Pd108 Ratios and Trace Element Changes in Particulate Palladium Exposed to Deuterium Gas (PowerPoint slides)	transmutation	PowerPoint slides for this paper.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PassellTOpdpdratiosa.pdf
3246	Conference Proceedings	Passell, T. O.	2003	Pd-110/Pd108 Ratios and Trace Element Changes in Particulate Palladium Exposed to Deuterium Gas	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Pd-110/Pd108 Ratios and Trace Element Changes in Particulate Palladium Exposed to Deuterium Gas	transmutation	Changes in Pd-110/Pd-108 ratios as well as the concentration of silver, gold, zinc, cobalt, iridium and lithium-7/6 ratios have been measured using neutron activation analysis (NAA) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) on a set of four samples of particulate palladium exposed to high-pressure deuterium gas in the hollow core of Arata-Zhang cathodes.? Three samples were from cathodes producing excess heat (10?? of megajoules) over a period of? several-months electrolysis, while the fourth was virgin powder from the same batch as that of the active samples.? If a nuclear process is the source of these changes, then multi-isotope elements such as silver, zinc, and iridium should show significant deviations in their isotopic ratios from the natural terrestrial values.? Surface trace lithium did indeed show such differences from that of the virgin material. ?The Ag-109/107 ratio is currently under study by accelerator mass spectroscopy (AMS) for the one sample showing the greatest difference in Ag-109 content from that of the virgin material.? Since these variations may have explanations unrelated to nuclear reactions, these results are not yet definitive.? The 8% increase in the Pd-110/108 ratio for one of the four samples relative to the virgin material is one of the most difficult for which to find a conventional explanation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PassellTOpdpdratios.pdf
3245	Conference Proceedings	Passell, T. O.	2002	Evidence for Lithium-6 Depletion in Pd Exposed to Gaseous Deuterium and Hydrogen	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Evidence for Lithium-6 Depletion in Pd Exposed to Gaseous Deuterium and Hydrogen 4051	transmutation
3244	Conference Proceedings	Passell, T. O., George, R.	2000	Trace Elements Added to Palladium by Exposure to Gaseous Deuterium	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 129	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Trace Elements Added to Palladium by Exposure to Gaseous Deuterium	Pd, transmutation, D2O, D2, ICCF-8	This is an experimental program to investigate possible trace element changes brought about in palladium (Pd) after extensive electrolysis in heavy water electrolytes as well as long time contact of particulate Pd with gaseous deuterium. Of particular interest are cathodes and particulate Pd which had experienced episodes of excess heat production beyond all electrical and other inputs. This paper details the careful analysis by neutron activation analysis (NAA) of a set of three samples of finely powdered Pd exposed to high deuterium pressures (hundreds of atmospheres) near room temperature at the core of hollow cylindrical Pd cathodes. A fourth sample of unused Pd powder from the same batch used in the cathodes was analyzed as a control. The most prominent change observed in the three active samples versus the virgin Pd was the Zn-64 content. The active samples showed an increase in the Zn-64 isotope of 6 to 14 times that in the virgin Pd. Speculation regarding the source of this increased zinc varies from contamination during electron beam welding (used to seal off the hollow core) to nuclear reactions generated by high pressure deuterium gas on the large surface area Pd particles in the core.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PassellTOtraceeleme.pdf
3243	Conference Proceedings	Passell, T. O.	1998	Search for Nuclear Reaction Products in Heat-Producing Pd	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 309	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Search for Nuclear Reaction Products in Heat-Producing Pd	transmutation, Pd, electrolysis, boron. ICCF-7	This paper compares measurements on cathodes that successfully produced excess heat with the same measurements on virgin material from the same batch of palladium. The analytical method used is known as prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) using a thermal neutron beam from a research reactor. Most isotopes capture neutrons with the emission of several unique gamma rays, so any isotopic ratio changes from heat production could change the ratios of gamma rays. Such ratios have been measured to an accuracy around 1% using germanium detectors. One such ratio is that of boron-10 to palladium-105. Boron is present in most Pd as an impurity up to several hundred PPM by weight. Significant depletion of the B-10 isotope has been observed in a number of cathodes relative to that in the virgin material. Conventional explanations of this result such as natural variation within a given batch are not yet resolved.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=309
3242	Conference Proceedings	Passell, T. O.	1996	Search for nuclear reaction products in heat-producing palladium	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 282	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Search for nuclear reaction products in heat-producing palladium	Pd, boron, theory, ICCF-6	Almost eight years have elapsed since the first announcement by Fleisclunann, Pons and Hawkins (1) of the observation of excess heat from palladium heavily loaded with deuterium. The EPRI program began in April, 1989, and has successfully confinned the presence of the claimed excess heat but has yet to determine its source. Measurable helium-4 has been observed in the cell vapor space in a few cases, but so far , not in a definitive manner. The major evidence that the heat may be from nuclear reactions is its magnitude - some 10 to 100 times larger than any known chemical reaction. The objective of the continuing effort is to identify the source of the excess heat. This paper focusses upon comparing measurements on cathodes that successfully produced excess heat with the same measurements on virgin material from the same batch of palladium. Initial measurements on one cathode that produced 0.56 megajoules of excess heat and its virgin counterpart are reported here. The analytical method chosen is a non destructive one known as prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) using thennal n~utrons in beams from research reactors. Since almost every isotope captures neutrons with the emission of several gamma rays unique to that isotope, any isotopic ratio changes from the heat production process will be converted to a change in the relative ratios of gamma ray intensities. Such ratios can be measured to an accuracy in the range around 1 % using high resolution gennanium detection systems. Thus any changes due to the production or loss of any isotope present can be detected and related to the excess heat produced. One such measurement using PGAA appears to show an -18% reduction in the ratio of boron-l 0 to palladium-l05 in the active cathode relative to the ratio in virgin material. Conventional explanations of this result such as selective chemical leaching of boron by the electrolyte are currently being tested.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=297
3241	Journal Article	Passell, T. O.	1995	Overview of EPRI Program in Deuterated Metals	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 9					Overview of EPRI Program in Deuterated Metals	review, EPRI
3240	Conference Proceedings	Passell, T. O.	1995	Charting the Way Forward in the EPRI Research Program on Deuterated Metals	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 603	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Charting the Way Forward in the EPRI Research Program on Deuterated Metals	review, EPRI, Wolf, gamma emission, radioactivity, D2O, Pd ICCF-5, effect of H2O	Over six years have elapsed since the first announcement by Fleischmann, Pons and Hawkins ( l ) of the observation of excess heat from palladium heavily loaded with deuterium. The EPRI program began in April, 1 989, and has continued to the present time attempting to replicate the claimed excess heat and determine its source. Under conditions difficult to achieve, some 16 separate experiments have successfully reached that goal out of some 35 major attempts. The conditions found necessary for an observation of excess heat were found to be at least three in number: 1) atomic loading ratio (DlPd) > -0.9; 2) Initiation time of 8 to 23 days; 3) current density >0. 1 amperes per cm^2 of cathode area. A fourth condition suggested by the results of a recent experiment is that the FLUX of deuterium across the palladium metal surface must be above some threshold value. No definitive source for the excess heat has been yet robustly determined, but measurable helium-4 has been observed in the cell vapor space in a few cases. The major evidence that the heat may be from nuclear reactions is its magnitude - some 10 to 100 times larger than any known chemical reaction. The objective of the continuing effort is focussed upon identifying the source of the excess heat. Sonic cavitation at a Pd-D2O interface has apparently produced both He-4 in the vapor phase as well as apparent excess heat. This research has identified a huge matrix of possible experiments to confirm or refute various hypotheses on the source of the heat. To acquire sufficient resources to explore this matrix requires, in my opinion, a definitive signature of a nuclear reaction connected with the production of heat. Then and only then, with the promise of a potential energy source of almost unlimited size, will the necessary research funds be forthcoming. Brief review of SRI work. Shows the gamma spectra obtained by K. Wolf.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=410
3239	Report	Passell, T. O.	1995	Radiation data reported by Wolf at Texas A&M as transmitted by T. Passell	ASME Joint International Power Generation Conference, Vol = 94-JPGC-NE-13		EPRI		June 1995	Radiation data reported by Wolf at Texas A&M as transmitted by T. Passell	neutron, gamma emission	Three cells were electrolyzed in series at constant low current 42 days near a neutron detector of low background (40 counts/hr) using a protocol of adding boron and aluminum at 0.001 molar to the 0.1 molar LiOD electrolyte at ~18th day. Cathodes were loaded with deuterium at a few 10?? of milliamps/cm^2, with a 12-hour cryogenic treatment at day 17. Cathodes were sanded and replaced in the cell every 7 days. On the ~21st & 22nd days two successive fast neutron episodes were observed at about 2 times background. The neutron detector is minimally sensitive to gamma rays but gammas were observed near the end of the 20-hour neutron episode. When the cells were dismantled in late Sept 1992, all three cathodes (6 mm diameter x 60 mm long) were observed to be mildly radioactive. Analysis by germanium gamma detectors revealed presence of 100 billion atoms of Ag, Pd, Rh, and (one) Ru isotopes having ratios unlike those from bombardment by high-energy deuteron or proton beams.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PassellTOradiationd.pdf
3238	Conference Proceedings	Passell, T. O.	1994	Overview and Status of the EPRI Program on Deuterated Metals	ASME Joint International Power Generation Conference, Vol = 94-JPGC-NE-13			Phoenix, AZ	Oct. 2-6, 1994	Overview and Status of the EPRI Program on Deuterated Metals	Pd, D2O, heat, D/Pd
3237	Journal Article	Paseka, I., Vondrak, J.	1990	Cold nuclear fusion	Chem. Listy, Vol = 84					Cold nuclear fusion	review
3236	Journal Article	Parmigiani, F., Sona, P. G.	1989	Theoretical considerations on the cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, Vol = 11, Num = 6, Page = 913					Theoretical considerations on the cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter	theory, heavy electron
3235	Journal Article	Parmenter, R. H.	2002	Enhancement of Cold Fusion Processes in Palladium by Catalytic Agents	Infinite Energy, Vol = 8, Num = 43, Page = 66					Enhancement of Cold Fusion Processes in Palladium by Catalytic Agents	theory	The process of fusion of a pair of deuterons into an α parti?le in palladium metal can be enhanced by the presence of free protons. The process of fusion of lithium 6 and a deuteron into a pair of α particles can be enhanced by the presence of free neutrons.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ParmenterRenhancemen.pdf
3234	Journal Article	Parmenter, R. H.	1998	A possible scenario for the onset of cold fusion in deuterated metals	Infinite Energy, Vol = 4, Num = 21, Page = 41					A possible scenario for the onset of cold fusion in deuterated metals	Theory tunneling screening, resonance	It is suggested that a pair of deuterons in a deuterated metal may resonant-tunnel through the Coulomb barrier separating them and form a helium isomer characterized by L = 1, S = 1 and odd parity.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ParmenterRapossibles.pdf
3233	Journal Article	Parmenter, R. H., Lamb, W. E.	1990	More cold fusion in metals: corrected calculations and other considerations	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., Vol = 87					More cold fusion in metals: corrected calculations and other considerations	theory
3232	Journal Article	Parmenter, R. H., Lamb, W. E.	1990	Cold fusion in palladium: a more realistic calculation	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., Vol = 87					Cold fusion in palladium: a more realistic calculation	theory, Thomas-Fermi-Mott
3231	Journal Article	Parmenter, R. H., Lamb, W. E.	1989	Cold fusion in metals	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., Vol = 86					Cold fusion in metals	theory, jellium
3230	Journal Article	Parkhomov, A., Belousova, E.	2016	Research into Heat Generators Similar to High-temperature Rossi Reactor	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					244 Research into Heat Generators Similar to High-temperature Rossi Reactor	Element composition, High temperature, Hydrogen, Isotope composition, Nickel powder, Nuclear radiation, Power consumption, Power production, Reactor	Devices similar to a high-temperature Rossi reactor were made. Excess heat at the temperature of about 1100 deg C and higher was demonstrated. No nuclear radiation above the background level was observed during the excess heat production.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=252
3229	Journal Article	Park, S., Gordon, F.	2014	Cold Fusion ? from the Laboratory to the World Setting the Stage for ICCF-17	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					1-5 Cold Fusion ? from the Laboratory to the World Setting the Stage for ICCF-17	Cold Fusion, ICCF-17	The objective of ICCF-17 is to allow international groups of scientists to present their data to further the collective understanding of scientists working in the field and so that skeptical members of the mainstream scientific community, the media, and the public will see the evidence that ?old Fusion? is real. Indeed several groups are currently developing commercial products that produce energy using the ?old Fusion? phenomena. Ultimately, the reality of cold fusion will be determined by the public acceptance of commercial devices. People and companies who continue to deny the existence of cold fusion will become irrelevant as the applications are placed into service.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=11
3228	Book	Park, R. L.	2000	Voodoo Science	Fusion Technol., Vol = 24		Oxford University Press	New York, NY		Voodoo Science	history
3227	Journal Article	Park, A. E.	1993	Some thoughts on a simple mechanism for the 2H + 2H --> 4He cold fusion reaction	Fusion Technol., Vol = 24					Some thoughts on a simple mechanism for the 2H + 2H --> 4He cold fusion reaction	theory, He
3226	Newspaper Article	Park, R. L.	1991	'TOO HOT TO HANDLE; The Race for Cold Fusion' by Frank Close	Washington Post		Princeton University Press. 376 pp. $24.95 END NOTES			BOOK WORLD The Fizzle in the Fusion	Critique	At a news conference in Salt Lake City on the morning of March 23, 1989, the University of Utah announced that two chemists, Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons, had corralled the source of the sun's energy in a test tube of heavy water. For 5 billion years, the sun has warmed the Earth with energy derived from the fusion of hydrogen atoms to form helium. Fortunately, even in the fierce caldron of the sun, fusion is a slow process that will continue unabated for billions of years. Small wonder that humankind had thus far failed to harness fusion on Earth.
3225	Journal Article	Park, Y. W., Yoon, C. O., Yoon, M. Y., Kim, J. C.	1989	The observation of 2.2 MeV gamma-rays in an electrochemical cell	Sae Mulli, Vol = 29					The observation of 2.2 MeV gamma-rays in an electrochemical cell	electrolysis Pd, Titanium, neutron, gamma emission
3224	Journal Article	Park, R. L.	1989	The Cold Fusion Story Has Been an Object Lesson on Why Science Flourishes Only in the Open	The Chronicle of Higher Education					The Cold Fusion Story Has Been an Object Lesson on Why Science Flourishes Only in the Open	history, critique, Fleischmann
3223	Journal Article	Parish, T. A., Perry, R. T., Wilson, W. B.	1990	Neutron sources and spectra from cold fusion	J. Fusion Energy, Vol = 9, Num = 4, Page = 479					Neutron sources and spectra from cold fusion	neutron, method spectra, gamma emission, theory
3222	Journal Article	Para, A. F., Ducati, U., Sangiust, V., Cavallotti, P. L., Bortignon, P. F.	1990	Neutron Monitoring and Related Measurements During Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Palladium and Titanium Cathodes: Activity Report	Fusion Technol., Vol = 18					Neutron Monitoring and Related Measurements During Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Palladium and Titanium Cathodes: Activity Report	Pd, D2O, neutron, tritium, Mass Spectrometry
3221	Conference Proceedings	Pappas, P. T.	1998	The Electrically Induced Nuclear Fusion in a living Cell	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 460	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	The Electrically Induced Nuclear Fusion in a living Cell	theory, biology, transmutation, ICCF-7	Biology in order to explain the trans-membrane potential of the cell -TMP adopts an unproven hypothesis of a procedure in which sodium Na is exchanged with potassium P inside and out of the cell. This assumed exchange in Biology is called the sodium-potassium pump. The SPP leads to elementary contradictions, known in the literature. However, the SPP is the best choice hypothesis based on the exclusion, assumed impossible, of cold n uclear fusion of sodium to potassium in the biological cell level.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=460
3220	Journal Article	Paolo, P.	1989	Cold fusion: what's going on?	Nature (London), Vol = 338					Cold fusion: what's going on?	theory
3219	Journal Article	Paneth, F.	1927	The transmutation of hydrogen into helium	Nature (London), Vol = 119					The transmutation of hydrogen into helium	critique, retraction, history
3218	Journal Article	Paneth, F., Peters, K., Guenther, P.	1927	On the transmutation of hydrogen into helium	Ber., Vol = 60					On the transmutation of hydrogen into helium	critique, retraction, history
3217	Journal Article	Paneth, F., Peters, K.	1926	On the transmutation of hydrogen into helium	Ber., Vol = 59					On the transmutation of hydrogen into helium	helium H2, Pd, history
3216	Journal Article	Paneth, F., Peters, K.	1926	On the transmutation of hydrogen to helium	Naturwiss., Vol = 43					On the transmutation of hydrogen to helium	helium, H2, Pd
3215	Journal Article	Palibroda, E., Gluck, P.	1991	Cold nuclear fusion in thin foils of palladium	J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., Vol = 154					Cold nuclear fusion in thin foils of palladium	Pd, electrolysis, D2O, neutron
3214	Journal Article	Paleschi, V., Harith, M. A., Salvetti, G., Singh, D. P., Vaselli, M.	1990	A plasma model of the process of cold nuclear fusion in metals	Phys. Lett. A, Vol = 148					A plasma model of the process of cold nuclear fusion in metals	theory
3213	Journal Article	Palamalai, A., Ahmed, A., Sampath, M., Chinnusamy, A., Prasad, G. N., Krishna Rao, K. S., Sreedharan, O. M., Raman, V. R., Balasubramanian, G. R.	1990	Preliminary experimental studies on electrochemically induced fusion of deuterium	Trans. SAEST, Vol = 25					Preliminary experimental studies on electrochemically induced fusion of deuterium	electrolysis, titanium, Pd, D2O, neutron
3212	Journal Article	Paillet, J-L., Meulenberg, A.	2020	Highly Relativistic Deep Electrons and the Dirac Equation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 33					Highly Relativistic Deep Electrons and the Dirac Equation	Deep electron levels, Dirac equation, Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, LENR, Relativistic effects	After analyzing, in the literature, deep orbit results of relativistic quantum equations, we studied them in a semi-classical way, by looking for a local minimum of total energy of an electron near the nucleus, while respecting the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation (HUR). Now, while using new information thanks to semi-classical computations, we come back to deep electrons as solutions of the Dirac equation, to solve several important and subtle outstanding issues, such as the continuity of derivatives of wave functions, a spectral problem about the energy levels associated with the wave functions to compute, as well as essential relativistic and energy parameters of the solutions. We thus obtain a better completeness of the solutions. Finally, we give some approaches on the probability of the presence of Electron Deep Orbit (EDO) states in H atom.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzf.pdf#page=284
3211	Journal Article	Paillet, J-L., Meulenberg, A.	2019	On Highly Relativistic Deep Electrons	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					On Highly Relativistic Deep Electrons	Confinement, Deep electron levels, Heisenberg uncertainty relation, Highly relativistic bound electrons, LENR	We address a number of questions relating to the progress of our study on the relativistic-electron deep orbits (EDOs): (1) How to combine different EM potentials having two possible versions (attractive and repulsive), while rejecting unrealistic energies? (2) What about the angular momentum of the deep electrons? How is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation satisfied in these EDOs? (3) From where is extracted the high kinetic energy (of order 100 MeV) of the deep-orbit electrons? (4) What is the behavior of the effective potential Veff as a function of distance to the nucleus? (5) What is the order of magnitude of the radiative corrections for the EDO??? (6) What is the relation between EDO solutions of the Dirac equation and the high energy resonances (with high binding energies) corresponding to a semi-classical local minimum of energy?	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=481
3210	Journal Article	Paillet, J-L., Meulenberg, A.	2018	Deepening Questions about Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 26					Deepening Questions about Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom	Confinement, Deep electron levels, Heisenberg uncertainty relation, Highly relativistic electrons, LENR, Magnetic interaction, Relativistic quantum physics	In previous works, we analyzed and countered arguments against the deep orbits, as discussed in published solutions. Moreover, we revealed the essential role of Special Relativity as source of electron deep orbits (EDOs). We also showed, from a well-known analytic method of solution of the Dirac equation, that the obtained EDOs have a positive energy. When including the magnetic interactions near the nucleus, we observed a breakthrough in how to satisfy the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation (HUR) for electrons confined near the nucleus, in a radial zone of only a few fm. Here we chose a different method, by directly facing the HUR for such confined electrons, from which we deduce the coefficient ? of these highly relativistic electrons. Then we show the effective Coulomb potential due to a relativistic correction, can maintain the electrons in containment. Next we resume and deepen our study of the effects of EM interactions near the nucleus. We first obtain computation results: though approximate, we can effectively expect high-energy resonances near the nucleus. These results should be confirmed by using QFT-based methods.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedy.pdf#page=59
3209	Journal Article	Paillet, J-L., Meulenberg, A.	2017	Advance on Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Advance on Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom	Deep electron levels, LENR, Magnetic interactions, Relativistic quantum physics, Singular solutions	In the previous works, we discussed arguments for and against the deep orbits, as exemplified in published solutions. So we considered the works of Maly and Va??ra on the topic, the most complete solution available and one showing an infinite family of EDO solutions. In particular, we deeply analyzed their second of these papers, where they consider a finite nucleus and look for solutions with a Coulomb potential modified inside the nucleus. In the present paper, we quickly recall our analysis, verification, and extension of their results. Moreover, we answer to a recent criticism that the EDOs would represent negative energy states and therefore would not qualify as an answer to the questions posed by Cold Fusion results. We can prove, by means of a simple algebraic argument based on the solution process, that, while at the transition region, the energy of the EDOs are positive. Next, we deepen the essential role of Special Relativity as source of the EDOs, which we discussed in previous papers. But the central topic of our present study is an initial analysis of the magnetic interactions near the nucleus, with the aim of solving important physical questions: do the EDOs satisfy the Heisenberg Uncertainty relation (HUR)? Are the orbits stable? So, we examine some works related to the Vigier??arut Model, with potentials including magnetic coupling. We also carried out approximate computations to evaluate the strength of these interactions and the possibilities of their answering some of our questions. As a first result, we can expect the HUR to be respected by EDOs, due to the high energies of the magnetic interactions near the nucleus. Present computations for stability do not yet give a plain result; we need further studies and tools based on QED to face the complexity of the near-nuclear region. For the creation of EDOs, we outline a possibility based on magnetic coupling.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=270
3208	Journal Article	Paillet, J-L., Meulenberg, A.	2017	Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 23					Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom	Deep electron levels, LENR, Relativistic quantum physics, Singular solutions	This work continues our previous works, on electron deep orbits of the hydrogen atom. An introduction shows the importance of the deep orbits of hydrogen (H or D) for research in the LENR domain, and gives some general considerations on the Electron Deep Orbits (EDO) and on other works about deep orbits. A first part recalls the known criticism against the EDO and how we face it. At this occasion we highlight the difference of resolution of these problems between the relativistic Schr?inger equation and the Dirac equation, which leads for this latter, to consider a modified Coulomb potential with finite value inside the nucleus. In the second part, we consider the specific work of Maly and Va??ra on deep orbits as solutions of the Dirac equation, the so-called Deep Dirac Levels (DDLs). As a result of some criticism about the matching conditions at the boundary, we verified their computation, but by using a more complete ansatz for the ??nside? solution. We can confirm the approximate size of the mean radii ?r? of DDL orbits and that ?r? decreases when the Dirac angular quantum number k increases. This latter finding is a self-consistent result since (as distinct from the atomic-electron orbitals) the binding energy of the DDL electron increases (in absolute value) with k. We observe that the essential element for obtaining deep orbits solutions is special relativity.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedv.pdf#page=67
3207	Journal Article	Paillet, J-L., Meulenberg, A.	2016	Relativity and Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 21					Relativity and Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom	Deep electron levels, LENR, Relativistic quantum physics, Singular solutions	This work continues our previous works on electron deep orbits of the hydrogen atom. An introduction shows the importance of the deep orbits of hydrogen (H or D) for research in the LENR domain, and gives some general considerations on the Electron Deep Orbits (EDOs). In a first part we quickly recall the known criticism against the EDO and how we face it. In particular, a solution to fix all problems is to consider a modified Coulomb potential with finite value inside the nucleus. For this reason, we deeply analyzed the specific work of Maly and Va??ra on deep orbits as solutions of the Dirac equation, with such a modified Coulomb potential without singular point. Then, by using a more complete ansatz, we made numerous computations on the wavefunctions of these EDOs, allowing to confirm the approximate size of the mean radii ?r? of orbits and to find further properties. Moreover, we observed that the essential element for obtaining deep orbits solutions is special relativity. At a first glance, this fact results from an obvious algebraic property of the expression of energy levels obtained by the relativistic equations. Now, a comparative analysis of the relativistic and of the non-relativistic Schr?inger equation allows us to affirm that Special Relativity leads to the existence of EDOs because of the non-linear form of the relativistic expression for the total energy, which implies a relativistic non-linear correction to the Coulomb potential.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedt.pdf#page=45
3206	Journal Article	Paillet, J-L., Meulenberg, A.	2016	Basis for Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					230 Basis for Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom	Deep electron levels, LENR, Relativistic Schr?inger and Dirac equations, Relativistic quantum physics, Singular	In this paper, we look into the difficult question of electron deep levels (EDLs) in the hydrogen atom. Acceptance of these levels and, in particular, experimental evidence of their existence would have major implications for the basis for cold fusion and would open up new fields of femto-physics and -chemistry. An introduction shows some general considerations on these orbits as ?nomalous? (and usually rejected) solutions of relativistic quantum equations. The first part of our study is devoted to a discussion of the arguments against the deep orbits and for them, as exemplified in published solutions. We examine each of the principal negative arguments found in the literature and show how it is possible to resolve the questions raised. In fact, most of the problems are related to the singularity of the Coulomb potential when considering the nucleus as a point charge, and so they can be easily resolved when considering a more realistic potential with finite value inside the nucleus. In a second part, we consider specific works on deep orbits, named Dirac Deep Levels (DDLs), as solutions of the relativistic Schr?inger and of the Dirac equations. The latter presents the most complete solution and development for spin 1/2 particles, and includes an infinite family of DDL solutions. We examine particularities of these DDL solutions and more generally of the anomalous solutions. Next, we analyze the methods for, and the properties of, the solutions that include a corrected potential inside the nucleus, and we examine the questions raised by this new element. Finally, we indicate, in the conclusion, open questions such as the physical meaning of the relation between quantum numbers determining the deep levels and the fact that the angular momentum seems two orders-of-magnitude lower than the values associated with the Planck constant.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=238
3205	Journal Article	Paillet, J-L., Meulenberg, A.	2016	Arguments for the Anomalous Solutions of the Dirac Equations	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 18					50 Arguments for the Anomalous Solutions of the Dirac Equations	Deep electron levels, Dirac equation, LENR, Relativistic quantum physics, Singular solutions	In this paper, we look into the difficult question of electron deep levels in the hydrogen atom. An introduction shows some general considerations on these orbits as ?nomalous? (and usually rejected) solutions of relativistic quantum equations. The first part of our study is devoted to a discussion of the arguments against the deep orbits and for them, as exemplified in published solutions. We examine each of the principal negative arguments found in the literature and show how it is possible to resolve the questions raised. In fact, most of the problems are related to the singularity of the Coulomb potential when considering the nucleus as a point charge, and so they can be easily resolved when considering a more realistic potential with finite value inside the nucleus. In the second part, we consider specific works on deep orbits as solutions of the relativistic Schr?inger and of the Dirac equations, named Dirac Deep Levels (DDLs). The latter presents the most complete solution and development for spin1 /2 particles, and includes an infinite family of DDL solutions. We examine particularities of these DDL solutions and more generally of the anomalous solutions. We next analyze the methods for, and the properties of, the solutions that include a corrected potential inside the nucleus, and we examine the questions raised by this new element. Finally, we indicate, in the conclusion, open questions such as the physical meaning of the relation between quantum numbers determining the deep levels and the fact that the angular momentum seems two orders-of-magnitude lower than the values associated with the Planck constant. As a prerequisite to a deep comprehension of the resolution methods, we recall in the appendices some essential elements of the Dirac theory.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedq.pdf#page=55
3204	Conference Proceedings	Page, C.	2019	Context & Thoughts on LANR/LENR	2019 LANR/CF Colloquium at MIT			Cambridge, MA		Context & Thoughts on LANR/LENR		Organization Founded by Barbara and Carl Page Ocean Conservation for Resilience. Dispel Roadblocks to Long Term Success ? Enable Good Long Term Corporate Decision Making. ? Inspire Public to Take Action in Self Defense on Climate, Energy, Health. Cheap Clean Energy Research and Development. ? Small companies. ? University research groups.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PageCcontexttho.pdf
3203	Conference Proceedings	Page, W. S.	1995	Two-dimensional Proton Conductors	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 373	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Two-dimensional Proton Conductors	theory, ICCF-5	An enormous literature has developed on the subject of the abnormal mobility of protons in aqueous solutions. Eigen and De Maeyer in 1958 [1] may have been among the first to observe that ' The proton transport in hydrogen-bonded media is completely different from normal ionic migration and corresponds more to electronic transport processes in semi-conductors . Phenomenologically, the ice crystal may be considered as a 'protonic semi-conductor' with an intrinsic (thermal) distribution of the charge carriers (protons) between a 'valence' band (H-bonded H20) and a 'conduction' band (excess protons fluctuating in H-bonds).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=176
3202	Journal Article	Packham, N. J. C., Wolf, K. L., Wass, J. C., Kainthla, R. C., Bockris, J.	1989	Production of tritium from D2O electrolysis at a palladium cathode	J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol = 270					Production of tritium from D2O electrolysis at a palladium cathode	Pd, electrolysis, tritium, D2O	INTRODUCTION In the present communication, we report data that may be relevant to the phenomenon of room temperature fusion. It is the contention of the authors that the alleged phenomenon is better characterized by the production of nuclear particles than by the measurement of bursts of heat. Here, we describe the observation of tritium produced in eleven D2O electrolysis cells at levels 10^2-10^5 times above that expected from the normal isotopic enrichment of electrolysis. Particular attention has been paid to possible sources of contamination.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PackhamNJCproduction.pdf
3201	Journal Article	Ozdemir, P.	1996	The Energy Release Mechanism of Newley-Formed Alpha Bosons in a Quantum Crystal Lattice	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 45					The Energy Release Mechanism of Newley-Formed Alpha Bosons in a Quantum Crystal Lattice	theory heat
3200	Conference Proceedings	Oyama, N., Ozaki, M., Tsukiyama, S., Hatozaki, O., Kunimatsu, K.	1996	In situ interferometric microscopy of Pd electrode surfaces and calorimetry during electrolysis of D2O solution containing sulfur ion	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 234	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	In situ interferometric microscopy of Pd electrode surfaces and calorimetry during electrolysis of D2O solution containing sulfur ion	Pd, heat+, electrolysis, S, D2O, surface analysis, ICCF-6	Highly sensitive calorimetry was carried out to assess excess heat production in the presence of sulfur ion (S^ 2-) in electrolyte solutions. Electrolysis of a D20 solution containing IOmM S^2- produced 'burst-like' excess heat up to 14% over 12 hours after 6 days' electrolysis. The production of excess heat was absent from a control experiment using LiOH/H2O in the place of LiOD/D2O. It seemed that the magnitude and reproducibility of the excess heat production were improved by the addition of S^2- to the electrolyte solutions. In this study, in situ observations of topographic changes at electrode surfaces during the electrolysis were also conducted using phase measurement interferometric microscopy (PMIM). The absorption of hydrogen into a Pd cathode was clearly seen to bring about surface roughening even at a very low hydrogen content of less than H/Pd=0.005. Original surface topography was readily restored by desorbing hydrogen from the Pd electrode by using it as the anode. The absorption and desorption of deuterium similarly induced the reversible surface topography change. The extent of the surface roughening due to the hydrogen absorption varied with electrode materials and crystal facets of Pd single crystals.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=249
3199	Conference Proceedings	Oyama, N., Yamamoto, N., Tatsuma, T.	1992	In-Situ Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of Water Electrolysis at a Palladium Cathode	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 577	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	In-Situ Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of Water Electrolysis at a Palladium Cathode	Pd, Li, D2O, electrolysis, loading, ICCF-3	The in-situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique has been applied to study electrolysis of water containing 0.2 M LiClO4 at Pd cathode. Decrease in resonant frequency was observed during the electrolysis. The decrease was attributed to the mass change involving hydrogen absorption into the palladium and lithium underpotential deposition, the mechanical stress change in the electrode, and the change in roughness of the electrode surface. The stress change, which may be caused by hydrogen uptake, was estimated using palladium film-coated AT- and BT-cut quartz crystal oscillators. The surface roughness change was observed by scanning electron microscopy and a number of cracks and holes were found. Underpotential deposition of lithium was observed in propylene carbonate containing 0.1 M LiClO4 and 16 mg L^-1 water. Contributions of respective factors to the total frequency change was estimated.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=314
3198	Conference Proceedings	Oyama, N., Terashima, T., Kasahara, S., Hatozaki, O., Ohsaka, T., Tatsuma, T.	1992	Electrochemical Calorimetry of D2O Electrolysis Using a Palladium Cathode in a Closed Cell System	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 67	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Electrochemical Calorimetry of D2O Electrolysis Using a Palladium Cathode in a Closed Cell System	Pd, D2O, heat+, electrolysis, overvoltage, Li, Al, ICCF-3	Electrolysis of D2O containing LiOD using palladium cathode was studied with a closed type calorimeter. The electric power input was kept constant, and all D2 and O2 generated and liberated to a gas phase were recombined on a catalyst, palladium black supported on a platinum wire. When the electric power of 0.2 W was employed, excess heat generation (2.4%) was observed once out of 5 experiments. No significant generation of excess heat was observed for LiOH/H2O electrolysis. In the case where the electric power of 0.3 W was employed, excess heat was observed (2.7%) for more than one month in the presence of 200 ppm aluminum. Depositon of aluminum onto the palladium surface was examined by means of in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. A closed calorimeter was used and gave a small amount of excess heat. The effect of Li and Al on loading and overvoltage studied. Little data given.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=77
3197	Journal Article	Oyama, N., Hatozaki, O.	1991	Present and future of cold fusion - nuclear fusion induced by electrochemical reaction	Oyo Butsuri, Vol = 60					Present and future of cold fusion - nuclear fusion induced by electrochemical reaction	review
3196	Journal Article	Oyama, N., Ohsaka, T., Hatozaki, O., Kurasawa, Y., Yamamoto, N., Kasahara, S., Ohta, N., Imai, Y., Oyama, Y., Nakamura, T., Shibata, T., Imamura, M., Uwamino, Y., Shibata, S.	1990	Electrochemical calorimetry of D2O electrolysis using a palladium cathode - an undivided, open cell system	Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol = 63					Electrochemical calorimetry of D2O electrolysis using a palladium cathode - an undivided, open cell system	Pd, electrolysis, D2O, H2O, heat
3195	Journal Article	Oyama, N., Yamamoto, N., Hatozaki, O., Ohsaka, T.	1990	Probing absorption of deuterium into palladium cathodes during D2O electrolysis with an in situ electrochemical microbalance technique	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2, Vol = 29, Num = 5, Page = L818					Probing absorption of deuterium into palladium cathodes during D2O electrolysis with an in situ electrochemical microbalance technique	Pd, loading, x-ray, structure	This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins: The in situ observation of the absorption of deuterium (or hydrogen) into the Pd cathode during D2O (or H2O) electrolysis was made by an electrochemical microbalance technique which is based on the quartz-crystal electrode. The resonant frequency of the Pd-coated quartz-crystal electrode decreased with increasing amount of charge passed during electrolysis, and the frequency change for the D2O electrolysis was about twice that for the H2O electrolysis. The atom ratios of H/Pd and D/Pd of the H-Pd and D-Pd compounds resulting from the electrolysis were estimated to be 0.59 and 0.57, respectively.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OyamaNprobingabs.pdf
3194	Journal Article	Oyama, Y.	1990	Very low level flux neutron measurement with an NE213 liquid scintillator	Hoshasen, Vol = 16					Very low level flux neutron measurement with an NE213 liquid scintillator	neutron, method
3193	Conference Proceedings	Oya, Y., Ogawa, H., Aida, M., Iinuma, K., Okamoto, M.	1998	Material Conditions to Replicate the Generation of Excess Energy and the Emission of Excess Neutrons	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 285	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Material Conditions to Replicate the Generation of Excess Energy and the Emission of Excess Neutrons	heat+, neutron, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, loading, surface analysis, D/Pd, ICCF-7	The key parameters for occurrence of the anomalous phenomena, especially excess heat generation and emission of excess neutrons, have been investigated through a series of electrolytic experiments in Pd-LiOD(H) systems. Seven key parameters are identified. In the present work, a series of systematic experiments has been carried out with some param?ters fixed. By controlling the key parameters completely, the anomalous phenomena with appreciable correlation between the excess heat generation and the excess neutron emission can be replicated successfully.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OyaYmaterialco.pdf
3192	Conference Proceedings	Oya, Y., Aida, M., Iinuma, K., Okamoto, M.	1998	The Role of Alkaline Ions in Dynamic Movement of Hydrogen Isotopes in Pd	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 302	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	The Role of Alkaline Ions in Dynamic Movement of Hydrogen Isotopes in Pd	loading, Pd, D2O, Li, surface analysis, electrolysis, D/Pd, ICCF-7	Electrolysis in Pd-LiOD(H), NaOD(H) and KOD(H) systems was carried out to clarify the specific role of the lithium for tremendously high density and the dynamic movement of the deuterium on the surface of the Pd cathode. Only for LiOD system with pulse mode current electrolysis, anomalous high density of deuterium and lithium and the dynamic movement of deuterium are observed on the surface of the Pd cathode. A clear difference in absorption, desorption and depth profiles between LiOD(H) and NaOD(H) or KOD(H) system with the pulse mode current electrolysis is identified. This difference is at?ributed to the lithium accumulation structure on the Pd surface; only the pulse mode current electrolysis of Pd-LiOD system brings about the anomalous phenomena.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OyaYtheroleofa.pdf
3191	Conference Proceedings	Oya, Y., Ogawa, H., Aruga, O., Ono, T., Aida, M., Okamoto, M.	1996	Dynamic movement of hydrogen isotopes in pulse mode electrolysis	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 443	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Dynamic movement of hydrogen isotopes in pulse mode electrolysis	electrolysis, pulsed current	The movement of the hydrogen isotopes in Pd-LiOD(H) electrolysis has been studied by monitoring the hydrogen loading ratios based on the electro-resistance measurement. The movement of the hydrogen isotopes in Pd was found to be influenced strongly by the conditions of the electrolysis, such as the current density, the repetition time. The dynamic absorptionldesorption movement can be realized by the pulse mode electrolysis with the current density higher than 200mA/cm2 and the repetition time longer than 3 hours. In these dynamic movement of the hydrogen isotopes, anomalous isotope effects have been observed and discussed with respect to the new hydrogen energy research.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=43
3190	Conference Proceedings	Oya, Y., Ogawa, H., Ono, T., Aida, M., Okamoto, M.	1996	Hydrogen Isotope Effect Induced by Neutron Irradiation in Pd-LiOD(H) Electrolysis	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 370	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Hydrogen Isotope Effect Induced by Neutron Irradiation in Pd-LiOD(H) Electrolysis	neutron Pd, heat, electrolysis gamma emission, energy, electrolysis neutron irradiation, D2O, H2O ICCF-6	The effects of the incident of the neutrons to the hydrogen condenced matter systems, have been investigated by the irradiation of neutrons from 252Cf into the Pd-LiOD(H) electrolysis cells. The thermal neutron irradiation test and the epithermal neutron irradiation test have been carried out for the background runs with light water electrolysis and the foreground runs with heavy water electrolysis. The anomalous hydrogen isotope effects in the neutron ratios were found slightly in the thermal neutron irradiation and evidently in the epithermal neutron irradiation runs.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=385
3189	Magazine Article	Ouellette, J.	2012	Genie in a Bottle: The Case Against Cold Fusion	Scientific American					Genie in a Bottle: The Case Against Cold Fusion	review
3188	Conference Proceedings	Ota, K., Okabe, T., Kudoh, H., Fujii, M., Motohira, N., Kamiya, N.	2000	Some Experimental Results on Heat Measurement During Water Electrolysis	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 63	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Some Experimental Results on Heat Measurement During Water Electrolysis	nickel, Pd, titanium, D2O, electrolysis, heat ICCF-8
3187	Journal Article	Ota, K., Kobayashi, T., Motohira, N., Kamiya, N.	1998	Effect of boron for the heat production during the heavy water electrolysis using palladium cathode	Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, Vol = 6, Num = 1, Page = 26					Effect of boron for the heat production during the heavy water electrolysis using palladium cathode	Pd, electrolysis, heat+, boron
3186	Conference Proceedings	Ota, K., Kobayashi, T., Motohira, N., Kamiya, N.	1998	Heat Measurement During the Heavy Water Electrolysis using Pd Cathode	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 297	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Heat Measurement During the Heavy Water Electrolysis using Pd Cathode	heat+, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-7	The heat balance during the electroly sis using Pd cathodes in 1 M LiOD heavy water solution has been measured using the flow calorimeter system. We used two sy stems; one is the high accurate system where the experimental error was reduced to +/- 1 .5%, the other is the high heat recovery system. Using these systems, we did 79 experiments since 1989. Among them we detected the heat burst 3 times and the steady state excess heat several times using different kinds ofPd cathode. However, most of the steady excess is very small and the excess was not obtained with reproducibility.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=297
3185	Journal Article	Ota, K., Kobayashi, T.	1997	Cold fusion and calorimetry	Netsu Sokutei, Vol = 24, Num = 3, Page = 138 (Japan., Engl. abstr.)					Cold fusion and calorimetry	Review, heat
3184	Conference Proceedings	Ota, K., Kobayashi, T., Kabumoto, H., Yamaki, K., Motohira, N., Kamiya, N.	1996	Heat measurement during the electrolysis using modified palladium cathode	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 535	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Heat measurement during the electrolysis using modified palladium cathode	excess heat	The heat balances during the electrolysis using 2 types of Pd cathodes (B controlled Pd and Ni coated Pd) in 1M LiOD heavy water solution have been measured using the flow calorimeter system. The excess heat was observed at 6 runs out of 14 experiments for B controlled specimen. Among them, the heat burst was observed at 2 runs. For Ni coated specimen the small excess was observed at 4 runs out of 9 experiments. Further study is necessary to improve the reproducibility and to confirm the phenomena.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=134
3183	Conference Proceedings	Ota, K., Yamaki, K., Tanabe, S., Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N.	1995	Effect of Boron for the Heat Production at the Heavy Water Electrolysis using Palladium Cathodes	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 132	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Effect of Boron for the Heat Production at the Heavy Water Electrolysis using Palladium Cathodes	Pd, D2O, electrolysis, heat+, boron, ICCF-5	The heat balance during the electrolysis of 1M LiOD heavy water solution using Pd cathode has been measured using the flow calorimeter with the constant power supply and the thermochemically closed cell. The special attention was paid on the concentration of B in the palladium cathode. The B concentration was controlled from 127 to 1000 ppm. Using Pd that contained 127ppm and 1000ppm B, the excess heat was not observed. While, using Pd that contained 267ppm and 500ppm B, the small excess heat was observed at 3 runs out of 5 runs. The excess heat appeared continuously from the beginning of the electrolysis. These concentration of B might be effective for the excess heat generation. Closed, flow calorimeter made of plastic used. Samples of Pd wire containing various amounts (127-1000 ppm wt) of B studied. No correlation could be found. Excess power averaged about 3.5% when it occurred.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=149
3182	Journal Article	Ota, K., Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N.	1993	Present status of cold fusion	Hyomen Kagaku, Vol = 14, Num = 9, Page = 570 (in Japanese)					Present status of cold fusion	review
3181	Conference Proceedings	Ota, K., Yoshitake, H., Yamazaki, O., Kuratsuka, M., Yamaki, K., Ando, K., Iida, Y., Kamiya, N.	1993	Heat Measurement of Water Electrolysis Using Pd Cathode and the Electrochemistry	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 5		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	Heat Measurement of Water Electrolysis Using Pd Cathode and the Electrochemistry	Pd, D2O, Pd-Ag, heat+, surface analysis, electrolysis, Li, ICCF-4
3180	Conference Proceedings	Ota, K., Kuratsuka, M., Ando, K., Iida, Y., Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N.	1992	Heat Production at the Heavy Water Electrolysis Using Mechanically Treated Cathode	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 71	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Heat Production at the Heavy Water Electrolysis Using Mechanically Treated Cathode	Pd, D2O, heat+, Pd-Ag, electrolysis, ICCF-3	The heat balances of the heavy water electrolysis by Pd were measured in the closed cell. The excess heat with burst was observed three times out of 13 runs when mechanically treated Pd cathodes were used in 1 M LiOD solution. One of these was for Pd-Ag alloy (90:10) which began at 1,155 h after the start of the electrolysis, lasting for 240 h. The average output power was 105% of the input during that time. The integrated excess heat was calculated to be 185 MJ per cubic centimeter of palladium. In this case the maximum excess power was recorded for this Pd. Heat was produced in a closed cell using mechanically treated 0.9Pd-0.1Ag alloy.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=81
3179	Journal Article	Osterwalder, J., Schlapbach, L.	1985	Unoccupied Electronic States in Cerium Hydrides	Physica B, Vol = 130					Unoccupied Electronic States in Cerium Hydrides	CeH, bonding, density Of States
3178	Journal Article	Osman, F., Hora, H., Li, X. Z., Miley, G. H., Kelly, J.	2005	Supporting the Josephson Interpretation of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions and Stabilization of Nuclear Waste	Am. J. Applied Sci. 2, Vol = 6					Supporting the Josephson Interpretation of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions and Stabilization of Nuclear Waste	theory	Brian Josephson appealed at the meeting of the Nobel Laureates July 2004 against the ignorance of physicist to the phenomenon of cold fusion. Though there are good reasons against many publications to this topic but not to all what was reported. It seems to be indicated to summarize the following serious, reproducible and confirmed observations on reactions of protons or deuterons incorporated in host metals such as palladium, nickel and other metals. We underline the confusing discovery by Cockroft and Oliphant with the anomalously low energy for nuclear reactions which was hundred times lower than in the usual cases when smashing nuclei against their Coulomb potential. A similar unexpected result was that of Otto Hahn??-the chemist!-discovery of fission that had changed the world. A significant result for cold fusion was seen in gaseous atmosphere or discharges between palladium targets, rather significant and fully reproducible, e.g. from the 'life after death' heat production of such high values per host atom that only nuclear reactions can be involved. This supports the earlier evaluation of neutron generation in fully reversible experiments with gas discharges hinting that a reasonable screening effect-preferably in the swimming electron layer-may lead to reactions at nuclear distances d of picometers with reaction probability times U of about megaseconds similar to the K-shell capture radioactivity. Further electrolytic experiments led to Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) where the involvement of pollution could be excluded from the generation of very seldom rare earth elements. A basically new theory for DD cross sections is used to confirm the picometer-megasecond reactions of cold fusion. Other theoretical aspects are given from measured heavy element distributions similar to the standard abundance distribution, SAD, in the Universe with consequences on endothermic heavy nuclei generation, magic numbers and to quarkgluon plasmas. One application may be the elimination of long lived nuclear waste by transmutation into stable nuclei.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OsmanFsupporting.pdf
3177	Journal Article	Orondo, P., Hagelstein, P. L.	2014	Basic Physics Model for PdH Thermodynamics	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					149-164 Basic Physics Model for PdH Thermodynamics	Density functional calculation, Phase diagram, Quantum espresso, Thermodynamics	We made use of the very powerful modern density functional code Quantum Espresso for an ab initio calculation of the thermodynamics of PdH. There is an energy offset of about 100 meV in the calculation as compared to experiment. We developed an empirical correction to the theoretical energies which allowed us to fit the experimental results for excess enthalpy and excess entropy with some success. We also explored a new model that posits a weak binding between absorbed hydrogen atoms in PdH, and is able to provide a better fit to the experimental results. The model provides a simple physical explanation of observed phase diagram, and also of the observed dependence of the thermodynamic variables (excess enthalpy and excess entropy) on loading.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=159
3176	Journal Article	Oriani, R. A.	2012	Nuclear Particles Generated by Electrolysis -- a Review	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 6					Nuclear Particles Generated by Electrolysis -- a Review	CR39 detectors, Damage trails, Electrolysis, Etch pits, Nuclear particles, Nuclear reactions	CR39 plastic detectors for nuclear particles are employed to demonstrate that a nuclear reaction can accompany electrolysis, an electrochemical process. Detectors placed within or above the electrolyte display statistically greater numbers of nuclear pits than do detectors used as controls. Placing the cathodes in contact with Mylar-covered detectors is the basis for a technique that reproducibly generates evidence for a nuclear reaction during electrolysis. Nuclear pits are produced in plastic detectors exposed to the oxygen evolved at the anode, as well as to the hydrogen evolved at the cathode. Nuclear damage trails are found that are initiated within the 0.83mm thickness of the plastic detectors. These phenomena clearly show that a nuclear reaction of as yet unknown nature can be generated during electrolysis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensede.pdf#page=117
3175	Conference Proceedings	Oriani, R. A.	2008	Reproducible Evidence For The Generation Of A Nuclear Reaction During Electrolysis	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Reproducible Evidence For The Generation Of A Nuclear Reaction During Electrolysis	Sonofusion	Past work in this laboratory has shown that nuclear particles generated during electrolysis can be registered by CR39 plastic detectors held within the electrolyte solution, suspended in the vapor above the solution, or placed just below the metal cathode that serves as the bottom of the electrolyte compartment of the electrolysis cell. However, not every electrolysis experiment produced nuclear particles so that total reproducibility was not achieved. Therefore another experimental technique has been developed which has shown the generation of nuclear particles in each of twenty five consecutive electrolysis experiments using heavy or light water solutions of lithium salts. The damage trails caused by the nuclear particles are made visible by etching in hot concentrated caustic solution, and the electrolysis experiments are accompanied by suitable blank, or control, experiments. The damage trails begin either at the surface of the CR39 chip that faces toward the electrolyte, at the opposite surface, or totally within the 0.83 mm thickness of the plastic detectors. It is demonstrated that the nuclear damage trails could not have been caused by ordinary radionuclides contaminating anything involved in the experimental procedure. The described phenomena pose a formidable challenge to nuclear theory.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAreproducib.pdf
3174	Conference Proceedings	Oriani, R. A., Fisher, J. C.	2004	Nuclear reactions produced in an operating electrolysis cell	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Nuclear reactions produced in an operating electrolysis cell	cr-39, particle emission	We report the results of experiments in which CR-39 plastic particle-detection chips were exposed in various environments within and surrounding operating electrolysis cells. Because CR-39 detectors record only particles with energies in excess of about 0.2 MeV the detected particles must have arisen in nuclear reactions. Evidence for such reactions was found in deuterium gas behind a palladium cathode that served as part of the cell enclosure, in air behind a similarly disposed nickel cathode, in air beyond the glass wall of the electrolysis cell, and in oxygen gas above the anode when anode and cathode were placed in separate arms of a U-tube cell. These results, augmented by earlier work indicating nuclear reactions within the electrolyte and in the hydrogen-oxygen gas over the electrolyte, cannot be understood in terms of conventional nuclear theory.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAnuclearrea.pdf
3173	Conference Proceedings	Oriani, R. A., Fisher, J. C.	2004	Energetic particle shower in the vapor from electrolysis	Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Marseille, France		Energetic particle shower in the vapor from electrolysis	theory	Approximately 40,000 energetic charged particles were recorded in a pair of plastic detector chips suspended in the vapor over an active electrolysis cell. Particle track locations and orientations were revealed by examining the etch pits produced by chemical etching. Analysis of track orientations indicates that the shower originated in a compact source in the vapor between the chips. The total magnitude of the shower is estimated to have been 150,000 particles and its duration is estimated to have been a few seconds. A previously unknown type of nuclear reaction is indicated.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAenergeticp.pdf
3172	Conference Proceedings	Oriani, R. A., Fisher, J. C.	2003	Energetic Charged Particles Produced in the Gas Phase by Electrolysis	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Energetic Charged Particles Produced in the Gas Phase by Electrolysis	charged particle, CR-39	CR-39 plastic detector chips suspended in the vapor over the electrolytic solution during electrolysis record the tracks of highly energetic charged particles.? The probability that the track densities found in these detector chips and the generally smaller track densities found in controls belong to a common population is 3 x 10^-10 by the Mann-Whitney statistical test.? It is therefore concluded that a nuclear reaction that originates in the vapor phase can accompany electrolysis.? Occasionally huge numbers of nuclear tracks are recorded by detector chips in the vapor over active electrolysis cells. One such experiment is analyzed in which two contiguous detector chips recorded approximately 40,000 tracks.? Analysis of track orientations shows that the shower of charged particles originated in a compact source in the vapor between the chips at about 2 mm from one of the chips.? A new type of nuclear reaction is indicated.?	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAenergeticc.pdf
3171	Conference Proceedings	Oriani, R. A., Fisher, J. C.	2003	Detection of Energetic Charged Particles During Electrolysis	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Detection of Energetic Charged Particles During Electrolysis	charged particle, CR-39	By the use of Cr-39 particle track detectors immersed in the electrolyte, we confirm that a nuclear reaction of as-yet unknown nature can take place during electrolysis.? With Li2SO4 dissolved in D2O or H2O and either Pd or Ni as cathodes, a very large statistical difference in nuclear track generation is found between detector chips immersed during electrolysis and the control chips immersed in similar solutions not subjected to electrolysis.? The probability that the electrolysis tracks and the control tracks could have by chance arisen from a common population is 2.5 x 10^-5, 1.2 x 10^-6, and 5.8 x 10^-4 for the systems Pd/D2O, Pd/H2O, and Ni/D2O, respectively.? We conclude that there is a causal relationship between electrolysis and energetic charged particles and that neither Pd nor D2O is essential for the generation of a nuclear reaction.? Some implications for theoretical considerations are presented.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAdetectiono.pdf
3170	Journal Article	Oriani, R. A., Fisher, J. C.	2002	Generation of Nuclear Tracks during Electrolysis	Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, Vol = 41				October 2002	Generation of Nuclear Tracks during Electrolysis	electrolysis, heavy water, lithium sulfate, palladium cathode, CR-39, charged particle, nuclear reaction	PLEASE NOTE! The printer made a major error in this paper. The version in our library is correct. The abstract begins: We show that energetic charged particles are produced during electrolysis of a D2O solution of Li2SO4 in a cell with a platinum anode and a palladium cathode. CR-39 plastic detectors, designed for recording alpha particles from radon decay, were immersed in the electrolyte during electrolysis. They recorded significantly larger numbers of energetic particle tracks than were recorded by control detectors not subject to electrolysis. Statistical analysis shows only a 3 * 10^-6 probability that the electrolysis tracks and the control tracks could have arisen from a common population. We conclude that there is a causal relationship between electrolysis and the production of energetic charged particles. Because track formation requires particle energies substantially greater than thermal or electrochemical energies it seems inescapable that a nuclear reaction was responsible.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAgeneration.pdf
3169	Journal Article	Oriani, R. A.	1998	Anomalous heavy atomic masses produced by electrolysis	Fusion Technol., Vol = 34					Anomalous heavy atomic masses produced by electrolysis	polyneutron, Fisher, C, Pd, electrolysis, transmutation	By applying to electrolysis cathodes a technique that produces essentially only oxides that are volatile at room temperature, spectroscopically determined masses between 222 and 351 are found that cannot be ascribed to known compounds.? In particular the masses found between 231 and 240 AMU cannot be ascribed to random signals but do correspond to CO2 the carbon of which is a neutron-rich nuclide as predicted by a recent theory of polyneutron nuclear reactions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAanomalousha.pdf
3168	Conference Proceedings	Oriani, R. A.	1998	Anomalous Heavy Atomic Masses Produced by Electrolysis	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 292	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Anomalous Heavy Atomic Masses Produced by Electrolysis	transmutation, C, electrolysis, ICCF-7, carbon	In an effort to test the polyneutron theory of low-energy nuclear reactions, a technique was applied to four electrolysis cathodes which produces essentially only oxides that are stable at about 1030? and are volatile at room temperature. High resolution mass spectroscopy of the resulting gas at room temperature revealed 23 masses between 222 and 351 AMU that cannot be ascribed to known compounds. Analysis by the Poisson distribution function shows in particular that the masses found between 231 and 241 AMU cannot be ascribed to random signals. This group of masses corresponds to CO2 the carbon of which is the neutron-rich nuclide predicted by the poly neutron theory.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=292
3167	Journal Article	Oriani, R. A.	1996	An investigation of anomalous thermal power generation from a proton-conducting oxide	Fusion Technol., Vol = 30					An investigation of anomalous thermal power generation from a proton-conducting oxide	heat+ proton conductor solid electrolyte, metal oxide replication	A high-temperature Seebeck effect calorimeter, in which the thermoelectric emf across a large-area enveloping thermopile is a measure of the heat flux from a power source, has been constructed to examine the claimed generation of excess thermal energy from a proton-conducting oxide immersed in deuterium gas. The claim has been confirmed in a few experiments out of many unsuccessful ones.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAaninvestig.pdf
3166	Conference Proceedings	Oriani, R. A.	1996	A confirmation of anomalous thermal power generation from a proton conducting oxide	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 557	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	A confirmation of anomalous thermal power generation from a proton conducting oxide	proton conductor, excess heat	The claims of Mizuno and collaborators, and the earlier claims of Biberian and Forrat, that excess thermal power can be developed by proton-conducting oxides held in deuterium gas at elevated temperatures are important because thermal power generated at high temperatures can be converted to other forms of power with greater Carnot efficiency than thermal power at lower temperatures. Therefore, a Seebeck calorimeter operating at 400? was constructed to attempt to verify these claims. This calorimeter, whose operation is independent of the spatial distribution of power sources and of the thermal conductivity of the gas, is described.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=156
3165	Conference Proceedings	Oriani, R. A.	1994	A Brief Survey of Useful Information About Hydrogen in Metals	International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 125	Fox, H.	Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City	Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus	May 24-26, 1994	A Brief Survey of Useful Information About Hydrogen in Metals	loading, H2	Because cold fusion phenomena are notoriously erratic, and the parameters necessary to obtain reproducible and consistent results are poorly understood it is important to be aware of what is known about the state of hydrogen in metals and of the dynamics of its entry into and release from a metal.? This short paper cannot do more than indicate some of the important areas; the interested reader can obtain more information by reading the references (1-3).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAabriefsurv.pdf
3164	Conference Proceedings	Oriani, R. A.	1993	The Physical and Metallurgical Aspects of Hydrogen in Metals (translation into Chinese)	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 18		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	The Physical and Metallurgical Aspects of Hydrogen in Metals (translation into Chinese)	H2, Phase Diagram, Lattice Parameter, dislocation, diffusion, review, Pd, ICCF-4	Translated by W.-S. Zhang.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAthephysicaa.pdf
3163	Conference Proceedings	Oriani, R. A.	1993	The Physical and Metallurgical Aspects of Hydrogen in Metals	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 18		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9,1993	The Physical and Metallurgical Aspects of Hydrogen in Metals	H2, Phase Diagram, Lattice Parameter, dislocation, diffusion, review, Pd, ICCF-4	To attempt to optimize the anomalous phenomena that today go under the label 'cold fusion' the experimentalist should be aware of the many aspects of the behavior of hydrogen in metals and of its entry into and egress from metals.? This paper discusses the equilibrium characteristics of the isotopes of hydrogen in metals.? The first section discusses the thermodynamics of the terminal solutions of metal-hydrogen systems including the enthalpies of solutions, H-H interactions, effect of third elements, distribution of isotopes between the phases, site occupation, and the molar volume of hydrogen in metallic solutions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAthephysica.pdf
3162	Journal Article	Oriani, R. A., Nelson, J. C., Lee, S. K., Broadhurst, J. H.	1990	Calorimetric measurements of excess power output during the cathodic charging of deuterium into palladium	Fusion Technol., Vol = 18					Calorimetric measurements of excess power output during the cathodic charging of deuterium into palladium	heat+, Pd, electrolysis, D2O, H2O, tritium, neutron	A Seebeck-effect calorimeter was used to establish that generation of energy, in excess of the electrical energy input, can occur during the electrolysis of D2O. The magnitude of the excess power is measured with respect to the electrolysis of H2O as the baseline. The excess power levels of >60 W/cm^3 palladium and excess energies of 74 kJ cannot be un?erstood in terms of recombination of D2 and O2 within the calorimeter, other chemical reactions, or a storage-and-relaxation mechanism.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAcalorimetr.pdf
3161	Journal Article	Oppenheimer, J. R., Phillips, M.	1935	Note on the Transmutation Function for Deuterons	Phys. Rev., Vol = 48					Note on the Transmutation Function for Deuterons	D, fusion, theory
3160	Journal Article	Ono, H., Takahashi, S., Morisaki, H., Yazawa, K.	1991	Absorption and desorption of hydrogen and deuterium into palladium	Denki Tsushin Daigaku Kiyo, Vol = 4					Absorption and desorption of hydrogen and deuterium into palladium	Pd, electrolysis, surface analysis, D2O, H2O, neutron, gas discharge, D2
3159	Journal Article	Olofsson, G., Wadsoe, I., Eberson, L.	1991	Design and testing of a calorimeter for measurements on electrochemical reactions with gas evolution	J. Chem. Thermodyn., Vol = 23					Design and testing of a calorimeter for measurements on electrochemical reactions with gas evolution	heat, method
3158	Journal Article	Oliphant, M. L., Harteck, P., Rutherford	1934	Transmutation Effects Observed with Heavy Hydrogen	Nature (London), Vol = 133					Transmutation Effects Observed with Heavy Hydrogen	fusion, history, ion bombardment
3157	Journal Article	Olemskoj, A. I., Toropov, E. A.	1990	On the fluctuation theory of cold fusion	Ukr. Fiz. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), Vol = 35, Num = 11, Page = 1619 (in Russian)					On the fluctuation theory of cold fusion	theory, Anderson
3156	Conference Proceedings	Oleari, L.	2000	On the Probability of Collisions of the Nuclei in H2 and D2 Molecules	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 437	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	On the Probability of Collisions of the Nuclei in H2 and D2 Molecules	theory, ICCF-8
3155	Journal Article	Olayo, M. G., Cruz, G. J., Balderas, L., Melendez, L., Chavez, A., Valencia, R., Chavez, E., Flores, A., Lopez, R.	1998	Absorption of deuterium in titanium plates induced by electric discharges	Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 23					Absorption of deuterium in titanium plates induced by electric discharges	D2, titanium, gas discharge, ion bombardment, neutron
3154	Conference Paper	Olafsson, S., Holmlid, L.	2015	Ultra-dense Hydrogen and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (PowerPoint slides)	AVS 62			San Jose, California			Theory	1. Fusion reactions short overview 2. Palladium Deuterium 3. Nickel - Hydrogen 4. The Ultra-dense hydrogen 5. Theoretical discussion 6. Summary	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OlafssonSultradense.pdf
3153	Journal Article	Okuyama, E.	2017	Mayor's Speech, ICCF20 Conference	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Mayor's Speech, ICCF20 Conference		Mayor's Speech, ICCF20 Conference	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=10
3152	Journal Article	Okubo, K., Umeno, K.	2017	Physical Model of Energy Fluctuation Divergence	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Physical Model of Energy Fluctuation Divergence	Cauchy distribution, Chaos, Energy fluctuation divergence	In this paper, we propose a new classical model in which energy fluctuation diverges. In detail, for certain parameter ranges, kinetic energy diverges since the momentum obeys the Cauchy distribution. This phenomenon will be applied to the cold fusion since jumping over the potential wall is essential to cold fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=264
3151	Newspaper Article	Okoye, S.	2005	Cold Fusion, The Unlimited Energy Source: A Myth Or Reality?	NigeriaWorld					Cold Fusion, The Unlimited Energy Source: A Myth Or Reality?			Review http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2005/mar/271.html
3150	Conference Proceedings	Okamoto, H., Sano, T., Oyabe, Y., Terazawa, T., Ohi, T.	1995	Approach to Obtain Higher Deuterium Loading Ratios of Palladium Cathodes	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 419	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Approach to Obtain Higher Deuterium Loading Ratios of Palladium Cathodes	Pd, loading, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-5	Deuterium loading ratios in the electrolytic palladium cathodes are measured by the electric resistance method. Many kinds of palladium rod are prepared and their loading ratios are determined during our standard electrolysis procedure. Some palladium cathodes are provided with additional treatments to change surface conditions. As the results, it is found that the deuterium loading ratio is very sensitive to palladium surface conditions. For example, when a palladium sample of which surface is modified by aqua regia, the loading ratio as high as D/Pd ~ 0.95 is obtained at 200 mA/cm^2 of electrolytic currents, which can hardly be achieved with an ordinary palladium cathode rod. 10 min Aqua Regia followed by 1000??? -24 h anneal was found to produce best results. Concludes that surface properties more important than bulk.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=224
3149	Journal Article	Okamoto, M., Yoshinaga, Y., Aida, M., Kusunoki, T.	1994	Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems	Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 4T, Page = 176					Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems	Pd, D2O, heat+, neutron+, energy, electrolysis	To elucidate the mechanism of the excess heat generation (EHG), the correlation of the EHG with the nuclear effects, especially the excess neutron emission (ENE), and electrochemical effects, especially the cell voltage (CV) change, is discussed based on the data obtained in a series of electrolysis of heavy water or light water in D2 (H2)O-LiOD(H)-Pd systems.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OkamotoMexcessheata.pdf
3148	Conference Proceedings	Okamoto, M., Ogawa, H., Yoshinaga, Y., Kusunoki, T., Odawara, O.	1993	Behavior of Key Elements in Pd for the Solid State Nuclear Phenomena Occurred in Heavy Water Electrolysis	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 14		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Behavior of Key Elements in Pd for the Solid State Nuclear Phenomena Occurred in Heavy Water Electrolysis	surface analysis, Pd, SIMS, resistance, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-4, heat
3147	Conference Proceedings	Okamoto, M., Yoshinaga, Y., Aida, M., Kusunoki, T.	1993	Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 3		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems	Pd, D2O, heat+, neutron+, energy, electrolysis, ICCF-4
3146	Conference Proceedings	Okamoto, H., Nezu, S.	1993	Measurements of Hydrogen Loading Ratio of Pd Anodes Polarized in LiH-LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Systems	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 27		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Measurements of Hydrogen Loading Ratio of Pd Anodes Polarized in LiH-LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Systems	loading, Pd, Molten Salt, overvoltage, Fused Salt, ICCF-4
3145	Journal Article	Okabe, S.	1993	Some new scientific fields related to exoelectron emission and fracto-emission	Poverkhnost					Some new scientific fields related to exoelectron emission and fracto-emission	fractofusion, fractoemission
3144	Journal Article	Oka, Y., Koshizuka, S., Kondo, S.	1989	D2O-fueled fusion power reactor using electrochemically induced deuterium-deuterium D-Dn, D-Dp and deuterium-tritium reactions - preliminary design of a reactor system	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					D2O-fueled fusion power reactor using electrochemically induced deuterium-deuterium D-Dn, D-Dp and deuterium-tritium reactions - preliminary design of a reactor system	heat, method
3143	Journal Article	Oka, Y., Koshizuka, S., Kondo, S.	1989	Electrochemically induced deuterium-tritium fusion power reactor - preliminary design of a reactor system	Fusion Technol., Vol = 16					Electrochemically induced deuterium-tritium fusion power reactor - preliminary design of a reactor system	method, electrolysis
3142	Conference Proceedings	Ohta, M., Takahashi, A.	2003	Analysis of Nuclear Transmutation Induced from Metal Plus Multibody-Fusion-Products Reaction	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Analysis of Nuclear Transmutation Induced from Metal Plus Multibody-Fusion-Products Reaction	Theory, multibody	Nuclear transmutation is analyzed by the selective channel scission model. The fission product yields for Pd plus a or 8Be reactions are calculated as secondary reactions of the multi-body fusion. And an anomalous isotopic ratio of Fe, which is reported by many researchers, is also analyzed and the analytical result shows good consistency with experimental results.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OhtaManalysisofa.pdf
3141	Conference Proceedings	Ohta, M., Takahashi, A.	2003	Analysis Of Nuclear Transmutation Induced From Metal Plus Multibody-Fusion-Products, Reaction (PowerPoint slides)	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Analysis Of Nuclear Transmutation Induced From Metal Plus Multibody-Fusion-Products, Reaction (PowerPoint slides)	Theory, multibody	ICCF-10 PowerPoint presentation.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OhtaManalysisof.pdf
3140	Conference Proceedings	Ohta, M., Takahashi, A.	2002	Analysis on nuclear transmutation by MPIF/SCS method	The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Vol = 1	Li, X. Z.	Tsinghua Univ. Press	Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China		Analysis on nuclear transmutation by MPIF/SCS method 4034	transmutation, theory, fission, uranium, gold, palladium, tungsten
3139	Conference Proceedings	Ohta, M., Takahashi, A.	2000	Possible Mechanisms of Coherent Multibody Fusion	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 403	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	Possible Mechanisms of Coherent Multibody Fusion	theory, ICCF-8
3138	Journal Article	Ohta, T.	1989	Is cold fusion possible? A proposal of the concept of 'surfusion	Hyomen Kagaku, Vol = 10, Num = 11, Page = 896 (in Japanese)					Is cold fusion possible? A proposal of the concept of 'surfusion	Review
3137	Journal Article	Ohms, D., Rahner, D., Wiesener, K.	1989	Kernfusion in einer Elektrolysezelle?' ('Nuclear fusion in an electrolysis cell?')	Mitteilungsblatt - Chem. Ges. DDR, Vol = 36					Kernfusion in einer Elektrolysezelle?' ('Nuclear fusion in an electrolysis cell?')	Review, electrolysis, Pd, heat, neutron, critique, Fleischmann
3136	Journal Article	Ohmori, T.	2000	Letter to the Editor: 'Reply to 'Comments on 'Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system'	Fusion Technol., Vol = 38					Letter to the Editor: 'Reply to 'Comments on 'Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system'	critique, Lewis
3135	Journal Article	Ohmori, T.	2000	Recent development in solid state nuclear transmutation occurring by the electrolysis	Curr. Topics Electrochem., Vol = 7					Recent development in solid state nuclear transmutation occurring by the electrolysis	plasma, heat transmutation, electrolysis, W
3134	Journal Article	Ohmori, T.	1999	Reply to 'Comments on 'Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system''	Fusion Technol., Vol = 36					Reply to 'Comments on 'Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system''	critique, Lewis
3133	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T.	1999	Nuclear transmutation reaction caused by light water electrolysis on tungsten cathode under incandescent conditions	Infinite Energy, Vol = 5, Num = 27, Page = 34					Nuclear transmutation reaction caused by light water electrolysis on tungsten cathode under incandescent conditions	transmutation plasma discharge, H2O
3132	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T., Nodasaka, Y., Enyo, M.	1998	Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system	Fusion Technol., Vol = 33					Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system	electrolysis, transmutation, Au, surface analysis, heat+
3131	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T., Kurokawa, K., Enyo, M.	1998	Nuclear transmutation reaction occurring during the light water electrolysis on Pd electrode	Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, Vol = 6, Num = 1, Page = 35					Nuclear transmutation reaction occurring during the light water electrolysis on Pd electrode	Pd, H2O, electrolysis, surface analysis, transmutation
3130	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T.	1998	Excess energy evolution and transmutation	Infinite Energy, Vol = 4, Num = 20, Page = 14					Excess energy evolution and transmutation	transmutation plasma, H2O heat+
3129	Conference Proceedings	Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T.	1998	Strong Excess Energy Evolution, New Element Production, and Electromagnetic Wave and/or Neutron Emission in the Light Water Electrolysis with a Tungsten Cathode	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 279	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Strong Excess Energy Evolution, New Element Production, and Electromagnetic Wave and/or Neutron Emission in the Light Water Electrolysis with a Tungsten Cathode	transmutation, heat+, neutron, electrolysis, plasma discharge, H2O, ICCF-7	Strong heat evolution enough to incandesce the electrode was observed by applying a high electric power, The excess energy amounts to 1 83 W which is 2.6 times the input power. At the same time strong electromagnetic wave and/or neutron emission reaching 60,000 counts/sec by a neutron counter was observed, During the electrolysis considerable amounts of new elements, ie, Pb, Fe, Ni, Cr and C were produced, The distributions of Fe, Cr and C on/in the electrode were overlapped. The isotopic distribution of Pb deviated greatly from the natural isotopic abundance. These results show that the nuclear transmutation reaction took place on/in the tungsten electrode during the electrolysis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=279
3128	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Enyo, M., Mizuno, T., Nodasaka, Y., Minagawa, H.	1997	Transmutation in the electrolysis of lightwater - excess energy and iron production in a gold electrode	Fusion Technol., Vol = 31					Transmutation in the electrolysis of lightwater - excess energy and iron production in a gold electrode This team used a gold cathode and light water containing the Mills-recipe potassium salts. The cell and materials were chosen so as to minimise initial Fe contamination. Days-long electrolyses at about 0.1 A/cm^2 were run, checking for excess heat. Up to 22% excess was found. Afterwards, the Au cathodes were examined under AES (Auger emmission), electron probe and SIMS, and some small blips that could be Fe were seen. A number of other elements were also found. The authors however discount contamination as the source of Fe; they checked for this and there was none at the levels found. Also, isotopic ratio arguments indicated transmutation origins. The newly formed isotopes may have been due to either fusion or fission.	transmutation, Au, H2O, heat+, surface analysis, electrolysis	The identification of some reaction products possibly produced during the generation of excess energy is attempted. Electrolysis is performed for 7 days with a constant current intensity of 1 A. The electrolytes used are Na2SO4, K2SO4, K2CO3, and KOH. After the electrolysis, the elements in the electrode near the surface are analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis. In every case, a notable amount of iron atoms in the range of 1.0 x 10^16 to 1.8 x 10^17 atom/cm2 (true area) are detected together with the generation of a certain amount of excess energy evolution. The isotopic abundance of iron atoms, which are 6.5, 77.5, and 14.5% for 54Fe, 56Fe, and 57Fe, respectively, and are obviously different from the natural isotopic abundance, are measured at the top surface of a gold electrode by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The content of 57Fe tends to increase up to 25% in the more inner layers of the electrode.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OhmoriTtransmutat.pdf
3127	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T., Minagawa, H., Enyo, M.	1997	Low temperature nuclear transmutation forming iron on/in gold electrode during light water electrolysis	J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 22					Low temperature nuclear transmutation forming iron on/in gold electrode during light water electrolysis	transmutation, Au, H2O, electrolysis, surface analysis
3126	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T.	1997	Nuclear transmutation occurring in the electrolysis on several metal electrodes	Curr. Topics Electrochem., Vol = 5					Nuclear transmutation occurring in the electrolysis on several metal electrodes	Review, H2O, electrolysis, transmutation
3125	Conference Proceedings	Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T., Enyo, M.	1996	Production of heavy metal elements and the anomalous surface structure of the electrode produced during the light water electrolysis on Au electrode	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 670	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Production of heavy metal elements and the anomalous surface structure of the electrode produced during the light water electrolysis on Au electrode	Transmutation	Some 100 mu g of fine black porous powders were deposited at the bottom of the electrolytic cell during the electrolysis on Au electrodes for 20-30 days at current densities above 200 mA/cm2 . The main constituting elements of the deposits were Hg, Pt, Os, Fe Si and F other than Au. The isotopic distributions of Hg, Fe and Si containing in the deposits were evidently different from their natural ones. In addition, a lot of micro craters which are allowed to imagine the occurrence of some micro explosion were created on Au electrode surface during the electrolysis.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=271
3124	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T., Enyo, M.	1996	Isotopic distributions of heavy metal elements produced during the light water electrlysis on gold electrodes	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 90					Isotopic distributions of heavy metal elements produced during the light water electrlysis on gold electrodes	transmutation, Au, H2O, layer, Au-Pt
3123	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T., Enyo, M.	1996	Isotopic distributions of heavy metal elements produced during the light water electrolysis on gold electrodes	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 3, Page = 90					Isotopic distributions of heavy metal elements produced during the light water electrolysis on gold electrodes	transmutation, Au, H2O, layer, Au-Pt
3122	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Enyo, M.	1996	Iron Formation in Gold and Palladium Cathodes	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 15					Iron Formation in Gold and Palladium Cathodes	electrolysis, transmutation, Fe, Au, Pd	Investigation of some reaction products possibly produced by electrolyzing with Au and Pd electrodes in Na2SO4, K2CO3, and KOH light water solutions was made. The electrolysis was performed for 7 days with a constant current of 1 A. After the electrolysis the elements accumulated in the electrode were analyzed by means of AES. In every case a notable amount of Fe atoms were detected together with a certain amount of excess energy evolution, being in the range of 9 x 10^15 to 1.8 x 10^16 atoms/cm^2 for Au and of 1.2 x 10^15 to 4.0 x 10^16 atoms/cm^2 for Pd. The isotopic abundance of these Fe atoms was measured by means of SIMS, which was 6.5, 77.5, and 14.5% for 54Fe, 56Fe and 57Fe, respectively, at the top surface of Au electrode, obviously different from the natural values. For Pd electrode, a considerable increase in the contents of 54Fe and 57Fe was observed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OhmoriTironformat.pdf
3121	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Enyo, M.	1993	Excess heat evolution during electrolysis of H2O with nickel, gold, silver, and tin cathodes	Fusion Technol., Vol = 24					Excess heat evolution during electrolysis of H2O with nickel, gold, silver, and tin cathodes	Ni, H2O, heat, transmutation, electrolysis, Sn replication, Miles
3120	Conference Proceedings	Ohmori, T., Enyo, M.	1992	Excess Heat Production during Electrolysis of H2O on Ni, Au, Ag and Sn Electrodes in Alkaline Media	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 427	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Excess Heat Production during Electrolysis of H2O on Ni, Au, Ag and Sn Electrodes in Alkaline Media	Ni, Au, Ag, Sn, H2O, heat+, transmutation, KOH, calcium, Ni, H2O, electrolysis, ICCF-3	Excess heat evolution was measured on Ni, Au, Ag and Sn in aqueous K2CO3, Na2SO4 and Li2SO4 solutions under galvanostatic electrolysis conditions. Steady evolution of excess heat in various electrode/electrolyte solutions, but not in nickel, was observed for at least several days of observation. The largest excess heat observed was 907 mW on Sn in K2SO4. An increase in Ca was observed after an electrolyte of K2CO3 was used with a Ni cathode. The amount was within a factor of 10 required to account for the heat produced. Ca values resulted from subtracting two large numbers.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=167
3119	Journal Article	Ohmori, T., Sakamaki, K., Hashimoto, K., Fujishima, A.	1991	Ex situ observation of electrochemically hydrogenated palladium using a scanning tunneling microscope	Chem. Lett., Vol = 1991					Ex situ observation of electrochemically hydrogenated palladium using a scanning tunneling microscope	loading, Pd, H2O, surface
3118	Journal Article	Ohashi, H., Morozumi, T.	1989	Decoding of thermal data in Fleischmann & Pons paper	J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., Vol = 26, Num = 7, Page = 729					Decoding of thermal data in Fleischmann & Pons paper	critique, Fleischmann
3117	Journal Article	Oh, H. K.	1999	Some observatins on the cavity of creation for cold fusion and the generation of heat	J. Mater. Proc. Technol., Vol = 94					Some observatins on the cavity of creation for cold fusion and the generation of heat	Theory, pi rays
3116	Journal Article	Oguro, K.	1990	Hydrogen absorbing alloys and low-temperature nuclear fusion	Zairyo, Vol = 39, Num = 437, Page = 228 (in Japanese)					Hydrogen absorbing alloys and low-temperature nuclear fusion	review
3115	Conference Proceedings	Ogawa, H., Oya, Y., Ono, T., Aida, M., Okamoto, M.	1996	Correlation of excess heat generation and neutron emission in Pd-LiOD electrolysis	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 448	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Correlation of excess heat generation and neutron emission in Pd-LiOD electrolysis	excess heat, neutrons	The correlation of the excess heat generation and the neutron emission in Pd-LiOD electrolysis has been investigated by use of a pair of experimental systems consisted of the same equipments in principle and operated coincidentally. Three pairs of electrolysis runs have been performed on the coincidental experiment systems, resulting clear time correlations between the excess heat generation and the excess neutron emissions. The reproducibility of the anomalous phenomena occurred in the present electrolysis could be accomplished completely in the series of experiments by a pretreatments of the Pd electrodes and the special purity control of the electrolyte used.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=47
3114	Conference Proceedings	Ogawa, H., Yoshida, S., Yoshinaga, Y., Aida, M., Okamoto, M.	1995	Correlation of Excess Heat and Neutron Emission in Pd-Li-D Electrolysis	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 116	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Correlation of Excess Heat and Neutron Emission in Pd-Li-D Electrolysis	Pd, D2O, heat+, neutron, electrolysis, hardness, resistance, ICCF-5	To investigate the dominant factors that allow a reproducible nuclear reaction in D-Pd systems, the initial electric resistance and the hardness of the Pd cathode have been examined for excess heat generation and the excess neutron emission in LiOD-Pd electrolysis cells. Two background (control) runs and one foreground run with the Pd cathode of high electric resistance and high hardness gave no nuclear effects, while one foreground run with low electric resistance and low hardness gave appreciable excess neutron emission and the excess heat generation. Reversed correlation was found between the two nuclear effects.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OgawaHcorrelatio.pdf
3113	Conference Proceedings	Ochiai, K., Maruta, K., Miyamaru, H., Takahashi, A.	1998	Measurement of High-Energetic Particles from Titanium Sheets Implanted with Deuterium	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 274	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Measurement of High-Energetic Particles from Titanium Sheets Implanted with Deuterium	ion bombardment, D2, titanium, particle emission, tritium ICCF-7	To look for the signature of coherent multibody fusion, we have carried out the experiments of D-beam implantation using a highly preloaded TiDx (x=1.4) target and a counter-telescope of Delta E&E charged-particle spectrometer. As a result of the experiments, helium-3 (4.75 MeV) and triton(4.75 MeV) from 3D-fusion proposed by new class of fusion theory in solid[I-3] were repeatedly observed. We identified the two unique charged particles as products of the reaction channel of 3D -> t + 3He + 9.5 MeV by the combinational analyses of one-dimensional and two-dimensional data. Experimentally obtained 3D fusion rate was in the order of 10^3 f/s that was surprisingly large value and was enhanced about 10^26 times, compared with the traditional theory of D-D reaction process.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=274
3112	Conference Proceedings	Ochiai, K., Iida, T., Beppu, N., Maruta, K., Miyamaru, H., Takahashi, A.	1996	Deuteron Fusion Experiments in Metal Foils Implanted with Deutron Beams	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 377	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Deuteron Fusion Experiments in Metal Foils Implanted with Deutron Beams	ion implantation, Pd, D2, particle emission, ICCF-6	Deuteron beam implantation experiments have been carried out for the examination of the hypothesized new class of fusion reactions to explain the Fleischmann-Pons effect. Some additional techniques were introduced in the implantation experiments by considering the effects of temperature change, pulsed-current stimulation and molecular ion beam. Energetic charged particles from the Ti and Pd foils implanted with lOO-2S0keV deuteron beams were measured with Si-SSDs. In some of the experiments, unusual counts were observed in the energy region higher than the proton peClk of the well-known D-D reaction, and they might be related to the new class of fusion reactions with large Q-values. However statistics of the counts were too poor to identify the types of their original reactions. More detailed and longterm measurements are necessary for the explanation of the unusual counts in the high energy region.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=392
3111	Journal Article	Oates, W. A., Flanagan, T. B.	1977	Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen in Palladium and its Alloys under Conditions of Constant Volume	J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., Vol = 1, Num = 73, Page = 993					Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen in Palladium and its Alloys under Conditions of Constant Volume	H2, Pd, PdH, thermodynamic, pressure
3110	Journal Article	Oates, W. A., Flanagan, T. B.	1971	Formation of Nearly Stoichiometric Palladium-Hydrogen Systems	Nature Phys. Sci., Vol = 231					Formation of Nearly Stoichiometric Palladium-Hydrogen Systems	Pd, H2, composition, loading, method H/Pd
3109	Journal Article	Nygren, L. A., Leisure, R. G.	1989	Hydrogen hopping rates and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in PdHx	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 11					Hydrogen hopping rates and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in PdHx	Pd, H, interaction, diffusion
3108	Journal Article	Nygren, L. A., Leisure, R. G.	1988	Elastic Constants of a'-Phase PdHx Over the Temperature Range 4-300K	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 37					Elastic Constants of a'-Phase PdHx Over the Temperature Range 4-300K	strength, elastic Constant, PDH
3107	Conference Proceedings	Numata, H., Ban, M.	2005	Magnetic Interaction Of Hypothetical Particles Moving Beneath The Electrode/Electrolyte Interface To Elucidate Evolution Mechanism Of Vortex Appeared On Pd Surface After Long-Term Evolution Of Deuterium In 0.1M LiOD	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Magnetic Interaction Of Hypothetical Particles Moving Beneath The Electrode/Electrolyte Interface To Elucidate Evolution Mechanism Of Vortex Appeared On Pd Surface After Long-Term Evolution Of Deuterium In 0.1M LiOD	theory
3106	Journal Article	Numata, H., Ohno, I.	2000	In Situ Potentiometric, Resistance, and Dilatometric Measurements of Palladium Electrodes During Repeated Electrochemical Hydrogen Absorption	Fusion Technol., Vol = 38					In Situ Potentiometric, Resistance, and Dilatometric Measurements of Palladium Electrodes During Repeated Electrochemical Hydrogen Absorption	resistance, Pd, expansion, H2, PdH, overvoltage
3105	Journal Article	Numata, H., Fukuhara, M.	1997	Low-temperature elastic anomalies and heat generation of deuterated palladium	Fusion Technol., Vol = 31					Low-temperature elastic anomalies and heat generation of deuterated palladium	PdD, Young's moduli, Lame parameter, Poisson ratio, Debye temperature, heat, structure
3104	Conference Proceedings	Numata, H., Ohno, I.	1996	In situ potentio, resisto and dilatomic measurement of repeated hydrogen absorption in Pd electrode by electrochemical cathodic loading method	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 213	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	In situ potentio, resisto and dilatomic measurement of repeated hydrogen absorption in Pd electrode by electrochemical cathodic loading method	loading, OCV, Pd, expansion, pressure, resistivity, electrolysis, D2O, ICCF-6	The physico-chemical properties of hydrogen in Pd have been studied by in situ potentio, resisto and dilatometric measurement. A set of potential, resistance ratio and increase of dilation . . . was recorded simultaneously after the establishment of an equilibrium of hydrogen with Pd lattice. The hydrogen electrode potential is converted to 'equivalent hydrogen pressure', which might signify gaseous pressure in a void or on a surface. The structural phase transition (alpha -> beta) occurred during the cathodic discharging of hydrogen and the characteristic values of this phase change are well consistent with those predicted from Pd-H diagram. Hydrogen infusion causes lattice expansion, which resulted in the dilation of Pd electrode. Repeated absorption and desorption cycle deteriorates the mechanical properties, where the hysteresis of RIRo vs. hydrogen pressure diagram was appeared depending on the mode of electrolysis(the extent of H/Pd ratio).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=228
3103	Conference Proceedings	Numata, H., Takagi, R., Ohno, I., Kawamura, K., Haruyama, S.	1991	Neutron Emission and Surface Observation During a Long-Term Evolution of Deuterium on Pd in 0.1 M LiOD	Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, 'The Science of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 71	Bressani, T., Giudice, E. Del, Preparata, G.	Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy	Como, Italy	June 29-July 4, 1991	Neutron Emission and Surface Observation During a Long-Term Evolution of Deuterium on Pd in 0.1 M LiOD	Pd, neutron, D2O, metallurgy, energy, overvoltage, ICCF-2, cracks, fractofusion	Long-term electrolysis for well annealed thick Pd rods (9.0 and 21.2 mm diameter) in 0.1 M LiOD have been performed to examine anomalous phenomena; neutron emission and heat bursts. The count rate of neutron (CRN) bunched for 3 h showed no significant increase at low current densities. High CRN appeared a few days later after the current increased to 102.4 mA/cm2 and the temperature was raised to 50?. In two experiments CRN and neutron energy spectrum of 2.45 MeV was reproduced. Metal a graphic observations showed two faults, blisters, cross slips and holes on Pd surface and a raw of defects in a recrystallized grain. Micro structural changes of Pd electrode during long-term electrolysis is discussed.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=86
3102	Report	NREL	2006	Energy Overview from NREL	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 253-254		NREL			Energy Overview from NREL	Review	This document has no connection to cold fusion, but it is valuable public domain information, it is no longer in print, and it does not appear to be available elsewhere on the Internet. Pages 2 - 16 are from the U.S. DoE Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy (NREL), Hydrogen Program Plan--FY 1993--FY 1997, June 1992, Appendixes A and C. Page 17 shows a graph published by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2001. The graph shows that most energy is lost as 'rejected energy' (waste heat), especially in Electricity generation (70% waste) and Transportation (80% waste). Better technology would greatly reduce this waste. Most generators convert only 33% of the heat from burning coal or gas into electricity; advanced generators convert 40%. Most automobiles convert only 15% of the heat from gasoline into useful vehicle propulsion; hybrid and electric automobiles convert 30% or more. This graph is based on the DoE Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Review. This review is an excellent, comprehensive source of online information. See: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/contents.html	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NRELenergyover.pdf
3101	Journal Article	Nowicka, E., Du???-, R.	1997	H2 dissociative adsorption on palladium hydride and titanium hydride surfaces: Evidence for weakly bound state of hydrogen adatoms	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 253-254					H2 dissociative adsorption on palladium hydride and titanium hydride surfaces: Evidence for weakly bound state of hydrogen adatoms	PdH, TiH, surface, absorption, H2
3100	Conference Proceedings	Notoya, R., Ohnishi, T., Noya, Y.	1998	Products of Nuclear Processes Caused by Electrolysis on Nickel and Platinum Electrodes in Solutions of Alkali-Metallic Ions	The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 269	Jaeger, F.	ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT	Vancouver, Canada	April 19-24, 1998	Products of Nuclear Processes Caused by Electrolysis on Nickel and Platinum Electrodes in Solutions of Alkali-Metallic Ions	transmutation Pd, nickel, electrolysis, gamma emission ICCF-7	During electrolysis in 0.5 M K2C03 solution of light water by use of nickel and platinum electrodes, the simultaneous observation of gamma spectra revealed the generation of following radio isotopes from platinum as one of the electrode material: 193-Os, 192-Ir, 191-Pt, 197-Pt, 195m-Pt, 199-Pt, 190-Au, 198-Au, 190-Ir, 199-Au and 190-Ir. Further more, two peaks of gamma-ray attributed to the natural decay of 43-K and the decrease of peak at 2225 keV due to thermal neutron capture of hydrogen were observed during electrolysis in this system as well as the peaks of gamma-ray attributed to the decay of 40K and some nuclear products from nickel, and that at 511 keV due to positron annihilation which had been observed by the authors.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf#page=269
3099	Conference Proceedings	Notoya, R., Ohnishi, T., Noya, Y.	1996	Nuclear Reaction Caused by Electrolysis in Light and Heavy Water Solutions	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 675	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan		Nuclear Reaction Caused by Electrolysis in Light and Heavy Water Solutions	Nickel, hydrogen NiH, loading, heat	A series of analysis of the products of some nuclear reactions caused by electrolysis was performed by a gamma-ray or liquid scintillation spectroscopy. The electrolysis was carried out by use of the so-called thermally open cell which was equipped with the cathode made of porous nickel or platinized platinum, in 0.1 ~ 0.5 mole/liter Li2C03, Na2C03, K2CO3 , Rb2SO4 and Cs2SO4 light and heavy water solutions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf#page=276
3098	Journal Article	Notoya, R.	1996	Cold fusion arising from hydrogen evolution reaction on active metals in alkali metallic ions' solutions	Environ. Res. Forum, Vol = 1-2					Cold fusion arising from hydrogen evolution reaction on active metals in alkali metallic ions' solutions	tritium, transmutation, gamma emission, heat, nickel, Pd theory
3097	Journal Article	Notoya, R., Ohnishi, T., Noya, Y.	1996	Nuclear Reaction Caused by Electrolysis in Light and Heavy Water Solutions	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 4, Page = 40					Nuclear Reaction Caused by Electrolysis in Light and Heavy Water Solutions	H2O, D2O, electrolysis, transmutation
3096	Journal Article	Notoya, R.	1996	Low Temperature Nuclear Change of Alkali Metallic Ions Caused by Electrolysis	J. New Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 39					Low Temperature Nuclear Change of Alkali Metallic Ions Caused by Electrolysis	electrolysis
3095	Conference Proceedings	Notoya, R.	1995	Nuclear Products of Cold Fusion Caused by Electrolysis in Alkali Metallic Ions Solutions	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 531	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Nuclear Products of Cold Fusion Caused by Electrolysis in Alkali Metallic Ions Solutions	H2O, electrolysis, transmutation, Ni, heat, radioactivity, ICCF-5	It was confirmed experimentally that some nuclei products of cold fusion were generated during electrolysis by use of cathodes of poorest nickel and platinum eyes platinum in light (usual) water solutions of all alkali metallic ions investigated. He also reported in the previous work that 4 ppm of calcium was detected in the electrolyte of potassium carbonate light water solution by flame photospectroscopy. The gamma ray measurement revealed the formation of 24Na during electrolysis in sodium carbonate solution. ICP mass spectra of an electrolyte of cesium sulfate solution showed several peaks of the various nuclear products in the region from 132 to 140 amu. In all electrolytes investigated, the distinct increments of tritium were measured by liquid scintillation spectroanalyzer. Simultaneously the excess heat was measured in the family open cell during electrolysis in these solutions of light or heavy water, which amounted to > 200% for the input power in potassium and cesium ion solutions. From these results we can conclude that the alkali intermetallic compounds formed as the intermediate of hydrogen evolution reaction cause many types of cold fusion with neutrons, protons, deuterium, tritium and alpha particles. Electrolysis of Cs2SO4 in H2O produced mass at 135(0.4), 136(0.3), 137(0.5), 138(4.7), 139(0.2), and 140(1.8). Na2CO3 produced gamma from 24Na.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=338
3094	Journal Article	Notoya, R., Noya, Y., Ohnishi, T.	1994	Tritium generation and large excess heat evolution by electrolysis in light and heavy water-potassium carbonate solutions with nickel electrodes	Fusion Technol., Vol = 26					Tritium generation and large excess heat evolution by electrolysis in light and heavy water-potassium carbonate solutions with nickel electrodes	tritium, Ni, D2O, H2O, heat+, transmutation, Ca
3093	Journal Article	Notoya, R.	1993	Current status of cold fusion research	Genshiryoku Kogyo, Vol = 39, Num = 9, Page = 34 (in Japanese)					Current status of cold fusion research	review
3092	Journal Article	Notoya, R.	1993	Cold fusion by electrolysis in a light water-potassium carbonate solution with a nickel electrode	Fusion Technol., Vol = 24					Cold fusion by electrolysis in a light water-potassium carbonate solution with a nickel electrode	Ni, H2O, transmutation, Ca, heat+
3091	Conference Proceedings	Notoya, R.	1993	Alkali-Hydrogen Cold Fusion Accompanied by Tritium Production on Nickel	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 3, Num = 4, Page = 1		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Alkali-Hydrogen Cold Fusion Accompanied by Tritium Production on Nickel	Ni, H2O, tritium, overvoltage, ICCF-4 electrolysis
3090	Conference Proceedings	Notoya, R., Enyo, M.	1992	Excess Heat Production in Electrolysis of Potassium Carbonate Solution with Nickel Electrodes	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 421	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Excess Heat Production in Electrolysis of Potassium Carbonate Solution with Nickel Electrodes	transmutation, K2CaO3, Ni, H2O heat electrolysis K, ICCF-3	With the aim of realizing potassium proton cold fusion, the electrolysis of light water solution of potassium carbonate was carried out by means of porous nickel cathode. The cell was called by a constant rate airstream and maintained at 20? during all the electrolysis. Typical results indicated that the excess heat production rate was proportional to the input power in the range of measurements (up to 2 W) and the excess heat observed was 3 to 4 times greater than the input power, after correction for the thermo-neutral potential. After the electrolysis, the calcium ion concentration in the electrolyte was measured by flame photo spectrometry and the increase of calcium concentration in the electrolytes due to the electrolysis was found to be 3.2 to 4.4 ppm. These amounts are comparable to the amounts of excess heat calculated within the same order of magnitude.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=161
3089	Journal Article	Nordlander, P., Noerskov, J. K., Besenbacher, F., Myers, S. M.	1989	Multiple deuterium occupancy of vacancies in Pd and related metals	Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., Vol = 40					Multiple deuterium occupancy of vacancies in Pd and related metals	Pd, H, D, vacancy, theory, structure, PdD, distance
3088	Journal Article	Nordemann, D. J. R.	1989	Cold fusion and geophysics: the current situation	Mineracao Metalurgia, Vol = 53					Cold fusion and geophysics: the current situation	review, critique
3087	Journal Article	Norberg, R. E.	1952	Nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen absorbed into palladium wires	Phys. Rev., Vol = 86, Num = 5, Page = 745					Nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen absorbed into palladium wires	Pd, H2, NMR
3086	Journal Article	Norberg, R. E.	1952	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Hydrogen Absorbed into Palladium Wire	Phys. Rev., Vol = 86					Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Hydrogen Absorbed into Palladium Wire	NMR, Pd, H
3085	Journal Article	Noninski, V. C., Ciottone, J. L., White, P. J.	1997	On an experimental curiosity that if undetected may lead to erroneous far-reaching conclusions	Fusion Technol., Vol = 31					On an experimental curiosity that if undetected may lead to erroneous far-reaching conclusions	critique, transmutation, chemical
3084	Journal Article	Noninski, V. C., Ciottone, J. L., White, P. J.	1996	Experiments on claimed transmutation of elements caused by a chemical process	J. Sci. Expl., Vol = 10					Experiments on claimed transmutation of elements caused by a chemical process	transmutation, chemical
3083	Journal Article	Noninski, V. C., Ciottone, J. L., White, P. J.	1995	Experiments on claimed beta-particle emission decay	J. Sci. Expl., Vol = 9					Experiments on claimed beta-particle emission decay	transmutation, critique, Lin
3082	Journal Article	Noninski, V. C., Ciottone, J. L., White, P. J.	1995	Experiments on a possible gamma-ray emission caused by a chemical process	J. Sci. Expl., Vol = 9					Experiments on a possible gamma-ray emission caused by a chemical process	transmutation, gamma emission, chemical
3081	Journal Article	Noninski, V. C., Noninski, C. I.	1993	Notes on two papers claiming no evidence for the existence of excess energy during the electrolysis of 0.1M LiOD/D2O with palladium cathodes	Fusion Technol., Vol = 23					Notes on two papers claiming no evidence for the existence of excess energy during the electrolysis of 0.1M LiOD/D2O with palladium cathodes	critique, Lewis, Albagli, heat, MIT	A problem popularly known as 'cold fusion' was brought, although in an unusual way, to the attention of the scientific community. Although much discussion was (and is still) devoted to whether this effect is connected with any known nuclear reactions, the latter being widely questioned, there is no doubt that the general interest in the problem was provoked by the claim of the possibility of producing excess energy, i.e., energy surmounting the energy breakeven value. Unlike the clearly negative indications so far in terms of known nuclear processes taking place, however, careful analysis reveals that the claims in the principal negative papers published so far with respect to the existence of excess energy are in disagreement with the raw experimental data whenever such is presented in those papers. This is very surprising indeed in view of the wide publicity these negative results have been given. An example of an improper analysis of their own experimental data by the authors is Ref. 1, which we have already discussed. Other examples of inappropriate method and improper interpretation of their own experimental data are Refs. 3 and 4.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NoninskiVCnotesontwo.pdf
3080	Journal Article	Noninski, V. C.	1992	Excess heat during the electrolysis of a light water solution of K2CO3 with a nickel cathode	Fusion Technol., Vol = 21					Excess heat during the electrolysis of a light water solution of K2CO3 with a nickel cathode	heat+, Ni, H2O, critique Mills
3079	Journal Article	Noninski, V. C., Noninski, C. I.	1991	Comments on 'measurement and analysis of neutron and gamma-ray emission rates, other fusion products, and power in electrochemical cells having palladium cathodes'	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19					Comments on 'measurement and analysis of neutron and gamma-ray emission rates, other fusion products, and power in electrochemical cells having palladium cathodes'	critique, Albagli, heat
3078	Journal Article	Noninski, V. C., Noninski, C. I.	1991	Determination of the excess energy obtained during the electrolysis of heavy water	Fusion Technol., Vol = 19					Determination of the excess energy obtained during the electrolysis of heavy water	heat+, Pd, electrolysis, D2O
3077	Journal Article	none	1999	'New Physics' finds a haven at the patent office	Science, Vol = 284					'New Physics' finds a haven at the patent office	history, patent
3076	Journal Article	Nomura, K., Akiba, E.	1994	Trial of nuclear fusion	Busshitsu Kogaku Gijutsu Kenkyusho Hokoku, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 439 (in Japanese)					Trial of nuclear fusion	D2, titanium Pd, LaNi5 Mg2Ni, neutron, Pd Ti
3075	Conference Proceedings	Nohmi, T., Sasaki, Y., Yamaguchi, T., Taniike, A., Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.	2008	Basic Research On Condensed Matter Nuclear Reaction Using Pd Powders Charged With High Density Deuterium	ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Washington, DC		Basic Research On Condensed Matter Nuclear Reaction Using Pd Powders Charged With High Density Deuterium	heat, nanoparticles	We have constructed an experimental system to replicate the phenomenon of heat and 4He generation by D2 gas absorption in nano-sized Pd powders reported by Arata, and to investigate the underlying physics. We performed calorimetry during D2 or H2 absorption with micronized powders of Si, Pd and Pd-black. With D2 , after the palladium deuteride formed, the cell produced 8.3 ?4.5 kJ (or 2.6 ?1.4 kJ/g), which is somewhat larger than the systematic error of 4.0 kJ estimated from an H2 blank.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NohmiTbasicresea.pdf
3074	Conference Proceedings	Noble, G., Dash, J., McNasser, L.	1995	Electrolysis of Heavy Water with a Palladium and Sulfate Composite	5th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 136	Pons, S.	IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France	Monte-Carlo, Monaco	April 9-13, 1995	Electrolysis of Heavy Water with a Palladium and Sulfate Composite	electrolysis, D2O, Pd, heat+, coating, Pt, layer, ICCF-5	It appears excess heat can be produced during the electrolysis of heavy water with a palladium and sulfate composite. Experiments seem to show that when this com p osite is coated on Platinum , and used as a cathode, excess heat similar to that generated with solid Pd results. D2SO4 elecrolyte used. Poor calorimetry but claim Pd electroplated on to Pt from an D2SO4 solution produced excess energy.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=153
3073	Journal Article	Nishizawa, K.	1991	Neutron measurements in cold fusion	Hoshasen, Vol = 17, Num = 1, Page = 4 (in Japanese)					Neutron measurements in cold fusion	neutron, D2, Pd, gas discharge, ion bombardment
3072	Journal Article	Nishizawa, K.	1990	Radiation Protection Aspects of cold fusion	Hoken Butsuri, Vol = 25					Radiation Protection Aspects of cold fusion	health
3071	Journal Article	Nishimiya, N., Kishi, T., Mizushima, T., Matsumoto, A., Tsutsumi, K.	2001	Hyperstoichiometric Hydrogen Occlusion by Palladium Nanoparticles Included in NaY Zeolite	J. Alloys and Compounds, Volume 319, Issues 1–2, 26 April 2001, Pages 312-321		Elsevier			Hyperstoichiometric Hydrogen Occlusion by Palladium Nanoparticles Included in NaY Zeolite	Pd, PdH, composition, nanoparticles, PdH2	Amounts of occluded hydrogen in palladium-containing NaY zeolites increased with the palladium content. Allocation of mols of hydrogen atoms to palladium gave large H/Pd ratios higher than unity at 298 K under 100 kPa of hydrogen. As the palladium content increased, the proportion of the external palladium increased and the H/Pd value decreased to approach that for powdery palladium. The hyperstoichiometric occlusion of hydrogen can be attributed to palladium nanoparticles or clusters inside the pores of zeolite. Whereas the interstitial site per palladium atom was unity for powdery palladium, for the internal palladium species it seemed to be two or more. Before reaching the stoichiometric composition, PdH, the palladium species released substantial heat on hydriding similarly to powdery palladium. After the hydrogen content exceeded the stoichiometry, the heat on hydriding was as low as 1 kJ/mol H2	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925838801009215 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(01)00921-5
3070	Journal Article	Nimtz, G., Marquardt, P.	1990	A proposal for a lukewarm nuclear fusion	Fusion Technol., Vol = 18					A proposal for a lukewarm nuclear fusion	theory
3069	Journal Article	Nikitin, A. N., Gutzeva, G. Z., Leferd, G. A., Cheshyk, I. A., Okumoto, S., Sihintani, M., Higa, T.	2019	Influence of Effective Microorganisms on the Activity of 137Cs in the Soil Contaminated due to the Accident on the Chernobyl NPP	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Influence of Effective Microorganisms on the Activity of 137Cs in the Soil Contaminated due to the Accident on the Chernobyl NPP	Cesium-137, Effective microorganisms, Radioactive decay, Radioactive isotopes, Soil	Microbiological soil improvers have a potential as a tool for regulation transfer of induced radioisotopes and other pollutants into crops. During the development of a method using effective microorganisms (EM) to reduce the soil-to-plant transfer of 137Cs on land contaminated with radioactive cesium, an unexpected effect of EM on the reduction of the 137Cs activity in soil samples was observed. Laboratory experiments were then conducted to evaluate the impact of EM and fermented organic fertilizer (EM Bokashi) on the 137Cs activity in soil samples to investigate this observation. The experimental results indicate an increase in the 137Cs decay rate of up to 4 times the usual decay rate corresponding to the half-life of 137Cs, which is 30.17 years. Our results suggest that EM accelerates the radioactive decay of 137Cs in soil.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=239
3068	Journal Article	Nigmatulin, R. I., Akhatov, I., Topolnikov, A., Bolotnova, R., Vakhitova, N., Lahey, R. T., Taleyarkhan, R. P.	2005	Theory of supercompression of vapor bubbles and nanoscale thermonuclear fusion	Phys. Fluids, Vol = 17					Theory of supercompression of vapor bubbles and nanoscale thermonuclear fusion	Sonofusion
3067	Journal Article	Nigmatulin, R. I., Taleyarkhan, R. P., Lahey, R. T.	2004	Evidence for nuclear emissions during acoustic cavitation revisited	Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A J. Power Eng., Vol = 218					Evidence for nuclear emissions during acoustic cavitation revisited	Cavitation
3066	Journal Article	Niedra, J. M., Myers, I. T.	1996	Replication of the apparent excess heat effect in light water-potassium carbonate-nickel-electrolytic cell	Infinite Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 7, Page = 62					Replication of the apparent excess heat effect in light water-potassium carbonate-nickel-electrolytic cell	heat-, H2O, Ni, electrolysis, replication Mills	Replication of experiments claiming to demonstrate excess heat production in light water-Ni-K2CO3 electrolytic cells was found to produce an apparent excess heat of 11 W maximum, for 60 W electrical power into the cell. Power gains ranged from 1.06 to 1.68. The cell was operated at four different dc current levels plus one pulsed current run at 1 Hz, 10% duty cycle. The 28 liter cell used in these verification tests was on loan from a private corporation whose own tests with similar cells are documented to produce 50 W steady excess heat for a continuous period exceeding hundreds of days. The apparent excess heat can not be readily explained either in terms of nonlinearity of the cell's thermal conductance at a low temperature differential or by thermoelectric heat pumping. However, the present data do admit efficient recombination of dissolved hydrogen-oxygen as an ordinary explanation. Calorimetry methods and heat balance calculations for the verification tests are described. Considering the large magnitude of benefit if this effect is found to be a genuine new energy source, a more thorough investigation of evolved heat in the nickel-hydrogen system in both electrolytic and gaseous loading cells remains warranted.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NiedraJMreplicatio.pdf
3065	Journal Article	Nicholson, J. P.	1996	A search for particle emission from a gas-loaded deuterium-palladium system in the alpha-beta phase	Fusion Technol., Vol = 30					A search for particle emission from a gas-loaded deuterium-palladium system in the alpha-beta phase	Pd, D2, neutron, proton, Pd, particle emission
3064	Conference Proceedings	Nezu, S., Sano, T.	1993	Measurement of Hydrogen Loading Ratio of Pd Electrodes Cathodically Polarized in Aqueous Solutions	Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 2, Num = 4, Page = 31		Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304	Lahaina, Maui	Dec. 6-9, 1993	Measurement of Hydrogen Loading Ratio of Pd Electrodes Cathodically Polarized in Aqueous Solutions	Pd, D2O, loading, Pd-Ag, Pd-Ce, Pd-Rh, ICCF-4, electrolysis
3063	Journal Article	Neuville, S.	2017	Perspective on Low Energy Bethe Nuclear Fusion Reactor with Quantum Electronic Atomic Rearrangement of Carbon	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 23					Perspective on Low Energy Bethe Nuclear Fusion Reactor with Quantum Electronic Atomic Rearrangement of Carbon	Anharmonic Phonon-nulcear resonance, Bethe?eizs?ker proton CNO fusion reactor, Carbon material characterization, Synchronic phonon/proton-nucleus collision, Quantum electronic atomic rearrangement	The relatively low/medium proton/carbon collision threshold energy (1?8 keV) of the Bethe?eizs?ker nuclear reaction cycle C, N, and O observed in low temperature carbon rich stars suggests the eventual technical feasibility of a solid-state carbon fusion reactor. H+ used as a precursor nuclear material can be implanted in solid-state carbon material. We must then consider all effects that can affect nuclear collision efficiency, including solid-state structure specificity, proton channeling and the reduction of the original proton energy with electronic interactions, before looking at the possible nuclear reactions themselves. We then have to consider the different effects and types of atomic rearrangement favoring either sp2 or sp3 sites or which influence the carbon material structure. For this purpose, we review first a recently developed theoretical approach, which might explain important aspects of this phenomenon with still high confidence up to now. These aspects include quantum electronic activation especially with H2 recombination energy release, which is different from usual chemical and metallurgical thermal atomic rearrangement with which an optimized ta-C sp3 carbon structure can be controlled. It should also be considered that carbon structure determination methodology ? including the recently revised Raman theory ? provide more correct and accurate results. To be falsified a study of this type of proton?arbon nuclear reactor must also take into account effects which modify the carbon nucleus structure in favor of nuclear fusion. It is suggested that anharmonic synchronic Phonon-nulcear resonance may be a contributing factor. However, present failures and the limits of abstract Quantum Mechanical formalism bring little clarification on this last point, which we suggest is owing to insufficient physical description of particle wave character. In order to improve these aspects of the theory, we suggest revisiting aether theory which with further investigation and development of 3D fluid mechanics is expected to account for all QM acquired, and to be able to provide clearer physical insight into the subatomic particle wave aspects and corresponding nuclear reaction mechanism.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedv.pdf#page=96
3062	Journal Article	Nefedov, V. I.	1991	Cold nuclear fusion?	Vestnik Akad. Nauk SSSR					Cold nuclear fusion?	review
3061	Journal Article	Nee, H. H., Subashiev, A. V., Prados-Esteves, F. M.	2019	Lattice Confinement of Hydrogen in FCC Metals for Fusion Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 29					Lattice Confinement of Hydrogen in FCC Metals for Fusion Reactions	DFT, Divacancies, Fusion reaction rate, Ignition energy, Lattice confinement, Nickel, Screening potential	Clusters of H isotope atoms segregated to vacancies, divacancies and vacancy?mpurity complexes in FCC metals are proposed as fuel for low energy nuclear reactions (LENR). Such clusters combine extremely high H atomic density, large values of screening potential, and as a result, a low LENR ignition energy in eV region. Besides, high average H density can be achieved due to the superabundant vacancy state (SAV) formation. These conclusions are made based on the density functional theory (DFT) modeling of these clusters, estimations of the nuclear reaction rates using experimental data for the nuclear reaction cross sections and a wide set of experimental studies of charging and recharging of various Ni samples with H and D atoms. The results were analyzed using temperature programmed desorption. The experiments confirmed extremely high loading of Ni samples with H isotopes. We discuss the problem of suitable ignition mechanisms and sustainability conditions.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzb.pdf#page=502
3060	Journal Article	Nedospasov, A. V., Mudetskaya, E. V.	1997	Comments on the possible nature of 'cold fusion' phenomena	Fusion Technol., Vol = 31					Comments on the possible nature of 'cold fusion' phenomena	Theory, eleptino
3059	Conference Proceedings	NEDO	1996	The Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Volume 2	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion		New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization	Japan		The Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Volume 2		Volume 2. The 6th International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF6) was held at Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan, on October 13th - 18th 1996, with 179 participants registering from 17 countries. 43 oral presentation papers and 77 poster presentation papers were selected out of more than 160 abstracts originally submitted. The Proceedings, ??ROGRESS IN NEW HYDROGEN ENERGY?, has been edited as the document of the Conference.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthina.pdf
3058	Conference Proceedings	NEDO	1996	The Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Volume 1	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion		New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization	Japan		The Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Volume 1		The 6th International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF6) was held at Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan, on October 13th - 18th 1996, with 179 participants registering from 17 countries. 43 oral presentation papers and 77 poster presentation papers were selected out of more than 160 abstracts originally submitted. The Proceedings, ??ROGRESS IN NEW HYDROGEN ENERGY?, has been edited as the document of the Conference.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf
3057	Report	NCFI	1991	Investigation of Cold Fusion Phenomena in Deuterated Metals. Final Report, Theoretical and Collaborative Studies	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion		National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah		Investigation of Cold Fusion Phenomena in Deuterated Metals. Final Report, Theoretical and Collaborative Studies		The March 1989 announcement by Pons and Fleischmann stimulated worldwide interest in the cold fusion phenomenon. In Utah the legislature appropriated $5 million to support cold fusion research and development. As cold fusion inquiries continue worldwide, this interim report has been written to document the scientific and legal work that has been funded by the Utah legislature. This is volume III of the report.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIinvestigatb.pdf
3056	Report	NCFI	1991	Investigation of Cold Fusion Phenomena in Deuterated Metals. Final Report, Engineering	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion		National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah		Investigation of Cold Fusion Phenomena in Deuterated Metals. Final Report, Engineering		The March 1989 announcement by Pons and Fleischmann stimulated worldwide interest in the cold fusion phenomenon. In Utah the legislature appropriated $5 million to support cold fusion research and development. As cold fusion inquiries continue worldwide, this interim report has been written to document the scientific and legal work that has been funded by the Utah legislature. This is volume II of the report.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIinvestigata.pdf
3055	Report	NCFI	1991	Investigation of Cold Fusion Phenomena in Deuterated Metals. Final Report, Overview, Executive Summary, Chemistry, Physics, Gas Reactions, Metallurgy	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion		National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah		Investigation of Cold Fusion Phenomena in Deuterated Metals. Final Report, Overview, Executive Summary, Chemistry, Physics, Gas Reactions, Metallurgy		The March 1989 announcement by Pons and Fleischmann stimulated worldwide interest in the cold fusion phenomenon. In Utah the legislature appropriated $5 million to support cold fusion research and development. As cold fusion inquiries continue worldwide, this interim report has been written to document the scientific and legal work that has been funded by the Utah legislature. This is volume I of the report.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIinvestigat.pdf
3054	Conference Proceedings	NCFI	1990	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion	Will, F.	National Cold Fusion Institute	University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah	March 28-31, 1990	The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion		Proceedings of The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf
3053	Book Section	Nayar, M. G., Mitra, S. K., Raghunathan, P., Krishnan, M. S., Malhotra, S. K., Gaonkar, D. G., Sikka, S. K., Shyam, A., Chitra, V.	1989	Preliminary Results Of Cold Fusion Studies Using A Five Module High Current Electrolytic Cell	BARC Studies in Cold Fusion	Iyengar, P. K., Srinivasan, M.	Atomic Energy Commission	Bombay		Preliminary Results Of Cold Fusion Studies Using A Five Module High Current Electrolytic Cell	neutron, tritium, Pd, D	Introduction In their first cold fusion paper Fleischmann et al. suggested that an electrolytic cell with large volume and surface area and high current density may cause fusion reactions resulting in the production of significant amounts of heat and nuclear particles. The experiments reported in this paper present the results of our early efforts to design and operate a high current modular Pd-Ni electrolytic cell and look for cold fusion reactions.	1500 http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NayarMGpreliminar.pdf
3052	Journal Article	Natter, H., Wettmann, B., Heisel, B., Hempelmann, R.	1997	Hydrogen in nanocrystalline palladium	J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol = 253-254					Hydrogen in nanocrystalline palladium	palladium black, diffusion, phase diagram, pressure, Pd-black
3051	Journal Article	Nassissi, V.	1997	Incandescent Pd and Anomalous Distribution of Elements in Deuterated Samples Processed by an Excimer Laser	J. New Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 3/4, Page = 14					Incandescent Pd and Anomalous Distribution of Elements in Deuterated Samples Processed by an Excimer Laser	laser, Pd, transmutation, D2
3050	Journal Article	Nassisi, V., Carettom, A., Manno, D., Fama, L., Buccolieri, G., A/, Buccolieri., Mastromatteo, U.	2011	Modification of Pd-H2 and Pd-D2 Thin Films Processed by He-Ne Laser	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 5					Modification of Pd-H2 and Pd-D2 Thin Films Processed by He-Ne Laser	Cold fusion, Laser, Palladium thin film, Silicon, Transmutation	In this work, we performed experiments of absorption of hydrogen and deuterium gas by Pd thin films, and we compared the behavior of these samples to unprocessed films. We also employed a continuous wave He-Ne laser to irradiate the samples inside the chamber during the treatment, in order to increase the gas absorption. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an electron probe micro-analyzer (EDX), we observed structures like spots on the surface of the treated samples. Inside the spots, elements other than Pd were found. Based on these results, we determined that gas loading is an effective way to transmute elements, and the laser action has been a very effective way to increase morphological changes in the treated samples.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedd.pdf#page=7
3049	Journal Article	Nassisi, V., Longo, M. L.	2000	Experimental results of transmutation of elements observed in etched palladium samples by an excimer laser	Fusion Technol., Vol = 37					Experimental results of transmutation of elements observed in etched palladium samples by an excimer laser	Pd, D2, transmutation, surface analysis, transmutation, laser
3048	Journal Article	Nassisi, V.	1998	Transmutation of elements in saturated palladium hydrides by an XeCl excimer laser	Fusion Technol., Vol = 33					Transmutation of elements in saturated palladium hydrides by an XeCl excimer laser	Pd, laser, D2, surface analysis, neutron, transmutation
3047	Journal Article	Nassisi, V.	1997	Incandescent Pd and Anomalous Distribution of Elements in Deuterated Samples Processed by an Excimer Laser	J. New Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 3/4, Page = 14					Incandescent Pd and Anomalous Distribution of Elements in Deuterated Samples Processed by an Excimer Laser	laser, Pd, transmutation, D2
3046	Conference Proceedings	Nassikas, A. A.	2000	The Cold Fusion as a Space-Time Pumping Process	8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 467	Scaramuzzi, F.	Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy	Lerici (La Spezia), Italy	May 21-26, 2000	The Cold Fusion as a Space-Time Pumping Process	theory, ICCF-8
3045	Journal Article	Narita, S., Neichi, K., Matsumoto, T.	2013	Evaluation of Uncertainties in Measurement of Isotopic Abundance by Semi-quantitative Analysis with TOF-SIMS	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 11					Evaluation of Uncertainties in Measurement of Isotopic Abundance by Semi-quantitative Analysis with TOF-SIMS	Isotopic abundance, metal deuteride, surface morphology, TOF-SIMS, transmutation	In 'Condensed Matter Nuclear Science', an anomaly in isotopic abundances of the sample components is often considered as an evidence of a nuclear transmutation. TOF-SIMS is one of the popular tools to investigate the isotopic composition in the research, and it is known that a measured abundance possibly has a certain uncertainty due to unique effects of the device. In this study, we measured isotopic abundances for some types of metal foil samples with various surface conditions by a semi-quantitative analysis with TOF-SIMS, and evaluated the uncertainties.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedj.pdf#page=98
3044	Conference Proceedings	Narita, S., Yamada, H., Takahashi, D., Wagatsuma, Y., Taniguchi, S., Itagaki, M.	2005	Discharge Experiment Using Pd/CaO/Pd Multi-layered Cathode (PowerPoint slides)	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Discharge Experiment Using Pd/CaO/Pd Multi-layered Cathode (PowerPoint slides)	transmutation, glow discharge
3043	Conference Proceedings	Narita, S., Yamada, H., Takahashi, D., Wagatsuma, Y., Taniguchi, S., Itagaki, M.	2005	Discharge Experiment Using Pd/CaO/Pd Multi-layered Cathode	The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Yokohama, Japan	November 27 - December 2, 2005	Discharge Experiment Using Pd/CaO/Pd Multi-layered Cathode	glow discharge, transmutation
3042	Conference Proceedings	Narita, S., Yamada, H., Arapi, A., Sato, N., Kato, D., Yamamura, M., Itagaki, M.	2003	Gamma Ray Detection and Surface Analysis on Palladium Electrode in DC Glow-like Discharge Experiment	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Gamma Ray Detection and Surface Analysis on Palladium Electrode in DC Glow-like Discharge Experiment	glow discharge, radioactivity, gamma, transmutation	We performed glow-like discharge experiments using deuterated palladium cathode in deuterium atmosphere to investigate the possibility of inducing low-energy nuclear reaction. Anomalous gamma ray emissions in the 80 - 230keV region were sometimes observed. It was assumed that a nuclear reaction took place during the experiment, producing short-lived radioisotopes, and these radioisotopes emitted the gamma rays in their decay processes. Elements and their isotopic abundance on the palladium cathodes were investigated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to find evidence of a nuclear reaction.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NaritaSgammarayde.pdf
3041	Journal Article	Narayanaswamy, C. R.	2017	Observation of Anomalous Production of Si and Fe in an Arc Furnace Driven Ferro Silicon Smelting Plant at levels of Tons per day	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Observation of Anomalous Production of Si and Fe in an Arc Furnace Driven Ferro Silicon Smelting Plant at levels of Tons per day	Carbon Arc, Energy balance, Fe??i alloy, Transmutation	In the period 1978?2002, The Silcal Metallurgic Ltd., a Coimbatore (India) based company, was engaged in the production of ferro silicon alloy deploying a 12 MVA ?ubmerged Carbon Arc? powered smelter. During a 11-week long non-stop round the clock operation of the plant in 1995, daily feed of raw materials was: Quartz (33.4 ton), charcoal (with fixed carbon content of 13.2 ton) and scrap steel (5.1 ton) while the daily output production of Fe??i alloy (73.5% Si) was 24.75 ton. From the total weights of Si and Fe in the input feed and assuming 100% recovery of the metals, the daily output alloy production could at best have been only 20.5 ton. However to our surprise throughout the 11-week period the total daily Fe??i alloy (with 73.5% Si) output was consistently 24.75 ton, corresponding to a daily ?nomalous? excess metal production of 4.25 ton of Fe??i alloy. The only source of Si entering the smelter furnace was the quartz raw material and that of Fe was the scrap steel (except for minor additional amounts of Fe originating from the steel casing of the consumable S?erberg carbon electrodes). Very careful vigil of the weights of daily input feed of raw materials and output alloy drained out as also the electrical energy consumption was maintained. It was evident that roughly 20% more metal than could be accounted for from the input feed was being produced and consequently we have been obliged to come to the conclusion that anomalous quantities of Si (2.8 ton/day) and Fe (1.45 ton/day) were being synthesized during the smelting process. Discussions with researchers involved in the Cold Fusion/LENR field have suggested that a likely explanation for the anomalous metal production could be the occurrence of transmutation reactions between nuclei of C and the O stripped from the SiO2 during the chemical reduction process. It is speculated that the intense varying magnetic fields generated by the kilo-amp levels of alternating current (AC) driving the arcing between the three gigantic carbon electrodes and the carbonic hearth of the furnace, in the 2000?C temperature environment, could have somehow catalyzed transmutation reactions to occur, very similar to the transmutations reported in laboratory scale ?arbon-Arc experiments? first revealed by George Oshawa in 1964. But the more puzzling aspect of our observations is that there was no evidence of release of the expected massive amounts of nuclear energy that should have accompanied the postulated transmutation reactions based on the atomic masses of the nuclei involved.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=256
3040	Journal Article	Namiot, V. A., Shchurova, L. Yu.	2020	On Enhancement of Transmission Probability through a High Potential Barrier Due to an Anti-Zeno Effect	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 31					On Enhancement of Transmission Probability through a High Potential Barrier Due to an Anti-Zeno Effect	Barrier anti-Zeno effect, Cold nuclear fusion, Particle transmission through a barrier	We consider a situation in which observations themselves can significantly increase a particle transmission probability through a high barrier compared with the particle tunneling probability (a barrier anti-Zeno effect). This may explain the results of cold fusion experiments that have been reported by other authors for various systems. We examine the anti-Zeno effect as a model of a barrier of a special shape, which is similar to the form of barriers to nuclear fusion in a solid, and moreover, has an analytic solution. We have deduced formulas that demonstrate conditions that increase the barrier permeability. Numerical estimates of the particle flows through the barrier are carried out for the conditions of cold fusion experiments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedzd.pdf#page=108
3039	Journal Article	Nakazawa, M., Shibata, T., Iguchi, T., Akimoto, T., Niimura, N., Oyama, Y., Aizawa, O.	1990	Cold fusion and low level neutron measurements	Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkaishi, Vol = 32					Cold fusion and low level neutron measurements	review
3038	Journal Article	Nakazawa, M.	1990	Urtra low-level neutron counting	Hoshasen, Vol = 16, Num = 3, Page = 8 (in Japanese)					Urtra low-level neutron counting	review, neutron, method
3037	Conference Proceedings	Nakata, T., Kobayashi, M., Nagahama, M., Akita, H., Hasegawa, N., Kunimatsu, K.	1996	Excess Heat Measurement at High Cathode Loading by Deuterium During Electrolysis of Heavy Water using Pd Cathode	Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy, Vol = 1, Num = 2, Page = 121	Okamoto, M.	New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan	Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan	October 13-18, 1996	Excess Heat Measurement at High Cathode Loading by Deuterium During Electrolysis of Heavy Water using Pd Cathode	heat-, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, D/Pd, loading, Pd-Rh, ICCF-6	We reported excess heat data as a function of cathode loading by deuterium, OlPd, using various kinds of Pd materials as a cathode in fuel cell type closed cells developed in our laboratory [1]. Since then we have tried to reproduce the excess heat data by employing a different kind of calorimetry, mass flow calorimetry, at better cathode loadings because the previous data was restricted to the cathode loading lower than 0.86. The issue of electrolytic loading of deuterium into a Pd cathode was investigated in terms of the bulk and surface properties of the cathode, and it was concluded that the surface and the bulk properties plays an essential role respectively for a given bulk and a surface properties [2]. We have employed three major approaches to improve the cathode loading based on these studies: (1 )pretreatment of the Pd samples by either annealing at high temperature or by chemical etching in aqua regia, (2)application of the partial deload-reload cycles, (3)alloying with rhodium. We report a summary of the 26 excess heat measurements by mass flow calorimetry under the improved cathode loadings.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NEDOthesixthin.pdf#page=138
3036	Conference Proceedings	Nakata, T., Tsuchida, Y., Kunimatsu, K.	1992	Absorption of Hydrogen into Palladium Foil Electrode: Effect of Thiourea	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 573	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Absorption of Hydrogen into Palladium Foil Electrode: Effect of Thiourea	thiourea, Pd, D2O, loading, overvoltage, ICCF-3	Electrolytic hydrogen absorption into Pd foil (50 μm thickness) was investigated in the absence and presence of 30 μ M thiourea (THU) in 0.5M H2SO4 and 0.4M LiOH. The amount of hydrogen absorbed under cathodic polarization was determined by integrating the ionization current of hydrogen when Pd electrode was polarized anodically. After THU addition in the acidic and alkaline solution H/Pd increased by about 8% and 5%, respectively. Further we tried absorption of deuterium into Pd foil and found a similar effect of THU to increase D/Pd only in the acidic solution. Addition of thiourea improved loading when used in both acid and basic solution.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=310
3035	Journal Article	Nakamura, K., Kishimoto, Y., Ogura, I.	1997	Element Conversion by Arcing in Aqueous Solution	J. New Energy, Vol = 2, Num = 2, Page = 53					Element Conversion by Arcing in Aqueous Solution	gas discharge, transmutation, H2O, plasma
3034	Journal Article	Nakamura, K., Kawase, T., Ogura, I.	1996	Possibility of element transmutation by arcing in water	Kinki Daigaku Genshiryoku Kenkyusho Nenpo, Vol = 33					Possibility of element transmutation by arcing in water	heat, gas discharge, electrolysis, D2O
3033	Journal Article	Nakamitsu, Y., Chiba, M., Fukushima, K., Hirose, T., Kubo, K., Fujii, M., Nakahara, H., Seimiya, T., Sueki, K., Katada, M., Baba, N., Kamasaki, S., Ikuta, S., Endo, K., Shirakawa, T.	1994	Study of cold nuclear fusion with electrolysis at low-temperature range	Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, Vol = 107					Study of cold nuclear fusion with electrolysis at low-temperature range	methanol, Pd, electrolysis, low temperature, neutron
3032	Conference Proceedings	Nakada, M., Kusunoki, T., Okamoto, M., Odawara, O.	1992	A Role of Lithium for the Neutron Emission in Heavy Water Electrolysis	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 581	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	A Role of Lithium for the Neutron Emission in Heavy Water Electrolysis	Li, Pd, D2O, neutron, surface analysis, electrolysis, ICCF-3	The depth profile analysis of Pd, Li, and D has been performed by means of SIMS to clarify the roles of lithium in D2O Pd electrolysis for cold fusion research. Very clear differences between the depth profiles of Li and D in the Pd electrode surfaces with the neutron emissions and without it. The depth profiles were also found to depend on the mode of the electric current employed. Based on the above findings, it is discussed that the anomalous deuterium accumulation in the surface region of the Pd with the neutron emission and attributed to the formation of Pd-Li layer in the surface region and to the low/high pulsed mode electrolysis with heavy water with LiOD. The depth profile of Li in Pd was measured using SIMS. Samples producing and not producing neutrons were examined.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=318
3031	Conference Proceedings	Nakada, M., Kusunoki, T., Okamoto, M.	1992	Energy of the Neutrons Emitted in Heavy Water Electrolysis	Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, 'Frontiers of Cold Fusion', Vol = 1, Num = 1, Page = 173	Ikegami, H.	Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan	Nagoya Japan	October 21-25, 1992	Energy of the Neutrons Emitted in Heavy Water Electrolysis	Pd, D2O, neutron, energy, electrolysis, ICCF-3	The Low/High pulse mode electrolysis has been introduced to carry out the experimental study to clarify the dependency of the UH pulse modes operation of electrolysis on the neutron emission from the Pd cathodes. Among 6 runs of the electrolysis of VH pulse mode operations, 3 of them gave appreciable neutron emission. The neutron energy spectra were found to have the two compornents (2.45 MeV peak and a broad band in higher energy region). The intensity of the 2.45 MeV neutron is smaller than that of the higher energy. Electrolytic charging of Pd (D/Pd 0.6-0.8) produced neutrons. High-Low currents used. Energy peaks were seen at 2.45 MeV and 3-7 MeV.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=179
3030	Journal Article	Naitoh, K., Tsuchiya, K., Ayukawa, K., Oyanagi, S., Kanase, T., Tsuru, K., Konagaya, R.	2017	Fundamental Experimental Tests toward Future Cold Fusion Engine Based on Point-compression due to Supermulti-jets Colliding with Pulse (Fusine)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 24					Fundamental Experimental Tests toward Future Cold Fusion Engine Based on Point-compression due to Supermulti-jets Colliding with Pulse (Fusine)	Experiment, Pulse, Reactor, Simulation, Supermulti-jets colliding, Theory	Our previous reports based on theoretical considerations and supercomputer simulation showed the possibility that super multi-air jets of gases such as air or deuterium colliding with pulse (K. Naitoh, patent: 2012-519298 (2010)) lead to self-compression over 60 MPa and 2000 K at single point around the reacted center, at maximum. This may bring about a more stable occurrence of cold fusion. This approach due to supermulti-jets will also cause an insulation effect because of encasing, which will result in less heat loss from the reactor walls. Based on this, we developed three types of prototype engine reactors using the supermulti-jets colliding with pulse. In the present report, we show some fundamental experimental data for one of the three prototype engine reactors, derived now, before we plan to begin testing for cold fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf#page=248
3029	Journal Article	Nager, U., Hayden, M. E., Booth, J. L., Hardy, W. N., Whitehead, L. A., Carolan, J. F., Balzarini, D. A., Wishnow, E. H., Blake, C. C.	1990	High Precision Calorimetric Apparatus for Studying Electrolysis Reactions	Rev. Sci. Instr., Vol = 61, Num = 5, Page = 1504					High Precision Calorimetric Apparatus for Studying Electrolysis Reactions	calorimeter, method, apparatus, heat
3028	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2018	Expectations of LENR Theories	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 26					Expectations of LENR Theories	Empirical observations, Heat??e correlation, LENR, Low energy nuclear reactions, Theory	The mechanisms that cause Lattice Enabled (or Low Energy) Nuclear Reactions (LENR) are still not understood, even though much is known empirically about LENR. We provide list of 24 observations from almost three decades of LENR experiments. These observations require theoretical explanations. This paper deals with two aspects of the many theories about the mechanisms. The first is the theories themselves, i.e., their characteristics and results. The few dozen available theories on LENR mechanisms are diverse and complex. Only a lengthy paper could properly summarize their essence, including all assumptions and implications. Such a thorough review of extant LENR theories would be challenging to write. Here, we merely indicate reviews and other sources of information on LENR theories. The second focus of this paper is the status of development of LENR theories, specifically, the completeness of their elaboration. It is possible to detail what is expected of LENR theorists by experimentalists, teachers, students, developers and other interested personnel. We provide and discuss ten questions for LENR theoreticians about the description (characteristics) and status (development) of their ideas. The nearly three decades of theoretical work on LENR has resulted in remarkably few well-developed theories. None of them has yet been adequately tested and widely accepted. There remains a great opportunity for some theoretician to provide the basic understanding of LENR. That understanding would enable or speed the commercialization of this new, clean, promising and much needed energy source.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedy.pdf#page=20
3027	Report	Nagel, D. J.	2017	Evidence of Operability and Utility from Low Energy Nuclear Reaction Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19		NUCAT Energy LLC			Evidence of Operability and Utility from Low Energy Nuclear Reaction Experiments	Commercialization	An objective of this report is to remove doubt about measured results from Low Energy Nuclear Reaction (LENR) experiments, even though the mechanisms that produce LENR are not fully understood. The report demonstrates that there is much reputable evidence in available technical records, which shows LENR devices are capable of producing energy. It has been demonstrated experimentally and often that chemical energies can produce nuclear reactions. Significant energy gains are possible. The 'excess heat' found by Fleischmann and Pons has attractive features. They include low levels of prompt and residual radiation, and no production of green house gases. Reaction by-products, such as tritium or helium, are also generated. They can only result from nuclear reactions. Low Energy Nuclear Reactions have great practical potential.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJevidenceof.pdf
3026	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J., Moser, A. E.	2016	High Energy Density and Power Density Events in Lattice-enabled Nuclear Reaction Experiments and Generators	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 19					219 High Energy Density and Power Density Events in Lattice-enabled Nuclear Reaction Experiments and Generators	Craters, Explosions, High-power, LENR, Meltdowns	The rapid release of energy from Lattice Enabled (or Low Energy) Nuclear Reactions is of interest for three reasons. First, it constrains and challenges theories about the mechanism(s) active in producing LENR. Next, it might heavily influence the design of heat and electrical generators based on LENR, since they have to be safe for use by a wide variety of people. Finally, there has long been interest in whether or not LENR could be used to augment existing weapons or produce to entirely new weapons. This paper first reviews reports in the literature of meltdowns or explosions that might have been caused by LENR. Then, each of the three areas cited above is examined. It is clear that reported high energy or high power events will heavily impact theories about LENR and the development of safe products. It is unclear now if LENR will be weaponized in any form. Control of the initiation of explosive LENR events is obviously necessary for that possibility.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedr.pdf#page=227
3025	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2015	Lattice-enabled nuclear reactions in the nickel and hydrogen gas system	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					646 Lattice-enabled nuclear reactions in the nickel and hydrogen gas system
3024	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2015	Energy gains from lattice-enabled nuclear reactions	Curr. Sci., Vol = 108, Num = 4					641 Energy gains from lattice-enabled nuclear reactions
3023	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J., Swanson, R.	2015	LENR Excess Heat may not be Entirely from Nuclear Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 15					279 LENR Excess Heat may not be Entirely from Nuclear Reactions	Energy, Low energy nuclear reactions, Mechanisms for LENR	Some theories of the mechanisms active in producing Lattice Enabled (or Low Energy) Nuclear Reactions (LENR) predict the formation of compact objects with binding energies and sizes intermediate between those of atoms and nuclei. The existence of compact objects remains unproven. But, if such objects exist and are formed during what are now called LENR experiments, they might release substantial energy without any nuclear reactions. Because of the small size of hypothetical compact objects, it is thought that the protons or deuterons at their centers might subsequently participate in nuclear reactions, producing more energy, transmutation products or energetic quanta. Such a two-step sequence could explain the relatively low production rates of nuclear reaction products, and also difficulties in correlating excess heat with the amounts of such products.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedn.pdf#page=286
3022	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2015	Scientific and Commercial Overview of ICCF19	Infinite Energy					Scientific and Commercial Overview of ICCF19	Review	ICCF is the abbreviation for International Conference on Cold Fusion. It is the historic identifier of a series of conferences that started in 1990. The 19th conference had the full title of International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS). It was held from April 13 to 17, 2015 in Padua, Italy, about 40 kilometers west of Venice. This was the fourth conference in this series that was held in Italy. The General Chairman of the conference was Anthony La Gatta, who is the Founder and President of the company TSEM. He opened the conference with an interesting theme on the melding of mathematics and music. The Co-Chairmen were Michael C.H. McKubre from SRI International and Vittorio Violante of Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA).	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJscientificb.pdf
3021	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J., Srinivasan, M.	2014	Evidence from LENR Experiments for Bursts of Heat, Sound, EM Radiation and Particles and for Micro-explosions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 13					443-454 Evidence from LENR Experiments for Bursts of Heat, Sound, EM Radiation and Particles and for Micro-explosions	Energy bursts, Low energy nuclear reactions, Micro-explosions, Power bursts	We examined published evidence for power production by LENR, which occurred too fast to be captured by calorimeters. That evidence includes observations of craters in materials, measurements of sound emission, recordings of radio-frequency, infrared and X-ray emissions, measurements of neutrons and charged particles and micro-explosions. The energy emission times, some below 1 ms, are tabulated.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedl.pdf#page=453
3020	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2014	Questions About Lattice Enabled Nuclear Reactions: Mechanisms and Materials	Infinite Energy					15 Questions About Lattice Enabled Nuclear Reactions: Mechanisms and Materials	Theory	Questions serve to focus discussions of research problems and engineering challenges. This is the first of three papers, which will pose and address technical questions about Lattice Enabled Nuclear Reactions (LENR). It deals with theoretical mechanisms and key materials in LENR experiments and potential power generators.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJquestionsaa.pdf
3019	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2013	Characteristics and Energetics of Craters in LENR Experimental Materials	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 10					Characteristics and Energetics of Craters in LENR Experimental Materials	Cathode materials, Craters, Low-energy nuclear reactions, LENR, Transmutations	Small craters have been observed frequently in the surfaces of cathodes from electrochemical LENR experiments. They are generally 1–100 µm in size. The craters vary widely in shape and areal distribution. Two methods were used to determine the energies needed to produce such craters. The resulting energies range from nJ to mJ, depending on the crater size. If craters are caused by LENR, then many nearly simultaneous MeV-level energy releases would have to occur in a very small volume. There are numerous open basic questions regarding the formation and characteristics of craters in LENR cathodes. It remains to be seen if craters will be helpful in understanding the origin	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedi.pdf#page=6
3018	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2013	Comments on Storms' Ideas About the Location and Mechanism for Low Energy Nuclear Reactions	Infinite Energy					19 Comments on Storms' Ideas About the Location and Mechanism for Low Energy Nuclear Reactions theory	theory, critique	Character and Role of Theory Storms? view of where and how low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) occur has been called a theory, so we begin with an examination of the character of a scientific theory. A compact summary about theory in any science is available in Wikipedia: ?? scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. Scientists create scientific theories from hypotheses that have been corroborated through the scientific method, then gather evidence to test their accuracy. As with all forms of scientific knowledge, scientific theories. . .aim for predictive and explanatory force.?	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJcommentson.pdf
3017	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2013	Scientific and Commercial Overview of ICCF18	Infinite Energy					Scientific and Commercial Overview of ICCF18	Review, ICCF conference	ICCF is short for the International Conference on Cold Fusion. That abbreviation was first used for the third conference in the series in 1992. In 2002, the proceedings of ICCF9 were called Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS). Since then, some of the conferences have also borne that title. ICCF18 retained the historical label and numbering system, but employed a new conference title: 'Applying the Scientific Method to Understanding Anomalous Heat Effects: Opportunities and Challenges.' This conference title emphasized an operational aspect of the research, rather than a name for the field. The focus on scientific methodology and understanding is entirely appropriate at this stage in development of the field. The science remains a vexing and challenging endeavor spanning several disciplines.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJscientifica.pdf
3016	Conference Proceedings	Nagel, D. J.	2012	Challenges, Attractions and Possible Impacts of Commercial Generators Based on Low Energy Nuclear Reactions	International Low Energy Nuclear Reactions Symposium, ILENRS-12			The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185		Challenges, Attractions and Possible Impacts of Commercial Generators Based on Low Energy Nuclear Reactions	Commercialization	This file includes a paper and PowerPoint slides. Commercialization of LENR sources of power and energy has several challenges.? But, if they are overcome, attractive potential advantages and important impacts should follow.? These challenges, attractions and possible impacts are cited and discussed.? The next few years might reveal which of these factors are realistic.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJchallenges.pdf
3015	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2012	Potential Advantages and Impacts of LENR Generators of Thermal and Electrical Power and Energy	Infinite Energy					Potential Advantages and Impacts of LENR Generators of Thermal and Electrical Power and Energy	review	Many lists give the possible performance and implications of systems which use LENR for generation of thermal or electrical power. They mostly reside at various places on the internet. This paper brings together in one location and in written form the separate, though often related, items from the lists of possible positive features and future importance of LENR generators of power and energy. Some comments are provided on each of the putative advantages and impacts in the following pages.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJpotentiala.pdf
3014	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2011	Hot and Cold Fusion for Energy Generation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Vol = 4					Hot and Cold Fusion for Energy Generation	Cold fusion, Condensed matter nuclear science, Fusion energy generation, Hot fusion, Low-energy nuclear reactions, Nuclear energy generation	Sixty years of research on hot fusion have cost more than $ 20 B. Only one of the dozens of experiments has barely reached breakeven, the point at which the energy produced is equal to the energy spent for its production. Twenty years of work on 'cold fusion' cost less than $ 0.2 B. Energy amplifications exceeding 10 for the palladium-deuterium system, and more than 100 for the nickel-hydrogen system, have been reported, but not verified. Hot fusion is understood and may result in large power plants in several decades. ?old fusion?, now called Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), remains a scientific mystery. If adequately funded, LENR could lead to safe, non-radioactive, green, small, distributed nuclear energy sources in less than two or three decades, well before hot fusion can produce commercial power.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BiberianJPjcondensedc.pdf#page=9
3013	Report	Nagel, D. J.	2011	Check List for LENR Validation Experiments	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		LENR-CANR.org			Check List for LENR Validation Experiments	heat	Focardi and Rossi demonstrated a boiler device on 14 January 2011, which converted water at about 13? to steam at 101?. It was said to involve nuclear reactions between nickel built into the device and input hydrogen gas. An electrical heater in the device consumed about 1000 W at startup. Later, once the reactions started and provided heat, the input power was reduced to about 400 W. Consumption of hydrogen gas was essentially negligible.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJchecklistf.pdf
3012	Edited Book	Nagel, D. J., Melich, M. E., Johnson, R., Chubb, S. R., Rothwell, J.	2010	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF-14)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science					Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF-14)		Proceedings continued from Volume 1.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJproceedinga.pdf
3011	Edited Book	Nagel, D. J., Melich, M. E., Johnson, R., Chubb, S. R., Rothwell, J.	2010	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF-14)	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science					Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF-14)		As a result of the empirical knowledge now in hand, it is not unreasonable to imagine safe and green sources of nuclear power for homes, free of carbon emissions, which also will relieve stress on the power grid, because they might be small and distributed. LENR could be the basis for portable nuclear power sources, maybe even batteries. The production of clean drinking water by desalination or by purification of polluted river waters is one of the many, and perhaps the most attractive potential applications of LENR. The world health implications of clean water would be momentous. Those of us who work on the Fleischmann-Pons Effect find it an exciting and challenging field of research with remarkable practical potential. As a scientific effect, it is already historic. It remains to be seen if it will turn out to be a 'game changing' practical source of energy. The field is indeed EXCITING NEW SCIENCE and it offers POTENTIAL CLEAN ENERGY.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJproceeding.pdf
3010	Conference Proceedings	Nagel, D. J., Mizuno, T., Letts, D.	2009	Diurnal Variations in LENR Experiments	15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science		ENEA	Rome, Italy		Diurnal Variations in LENR Experiments		Two very different LENR experiments exhibited daily variations in their characteristics or outputs. Comparison of the variations for the experiments forces the conclusion that the measured variations are artifactual. That is, they are not due to the influence of an external diurnal mechanism such as cosmic rays. However, the causes of the observed variations are not understood. Such understanding is important for the conduct of robust LENR experiments to obtain credible data. It is also critical to the reliable operation of eventual LENR power sources.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ViolanteVproceeding.pdf#page=105
3009	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2009	Questions and Answers About Lattice-Enabled Nuclear Reactions	Infinite Energy					12 Questions and Answers About Lattice-Enabled Nuclear Reactions	review	Asking questions is basic to many human functions. Without questions, the learning process in schools and universities would be vastly more difficult and less effective. FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) are a standard part of many websites now. The posing of questions is also an activity fundamental to diverse planning activities, ranging from the formulation of programs to the design of cities. And, questions, commonly driven by ??ere? curiosity, are the driving force behind science. So, one can ask: what questions are applicable to the field of low energy, or alternatively, lattice-enabled nuclear reactions (LENR)? That is one of the motivations behind this compilation of some questions, which are asked because they seem significant. The answers are largely the opinions of this author.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJquestionsa.pdf
3008	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2009	Scientific Overview of ICCF15	Infinite Energy					Scientific Overview of ICCF15	review	The research topic which was first and poorly called 'cold fusion' has been of international interest since its beginning in 1989. Hence, a series of International Conferences on Cold Fusion (ICCF) has been held on three continents during the past two decades. In recent years, the topic has come to be viewed as part of the larger field of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science; therefore conferences during the last few years have been called the International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science even though the moniker of ICCF has been maintained. At present, the key reactions are often called Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), with the main scientific website on the topic being www.lenr.org. But there remains confusion not only about what to call the field, but about the several scientific riddles at the heart of the field.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJscientific.pdf
3007	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2008	The Intersection of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions with Nanometer-Scale Science, Technology and Engineering	Infinite Energy					1 The Intersection of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions with Nanometer-Scale Science, Technology and Engineering	nano-particles	1. Introduction to Nanotechnology The ability to make things out of molecules and atoms is something of a last frontier. They are the smallest neutral building blocks that can be joined to make materials and structures. Nuclei and sub-nuclear quanta are smaller, but they cannot be made into stable materials and structures. Just as things on the micrometer scale are a thousand times smaller than the visible millimeter scale, nanometer-scale items are another thousand times smaller than the micrometer scale. These relationships are illustrated in Figure 1.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJtheinterse.pdf
3006	Conference Proceedings	Nagel, D. J.	2008	The Case for LENR At or Near Surfaces: More Experimental Evidence (PowerPoint slides)	American Physical Society Meeting			New Orleans		The Case for LENR At or Near Surfaces: More Experimental Evidence (PowerPoint slides)	theory	Introduction and Agenda There is much experimental evidence, which indicates that LENR occur on surfaces of solid materials. Simple equations relate the reaction rates to the surface area, the active fraction & the number of reactions per active area per second. The equations are used to compute energy production rates (power) and the production rates for? nuclear ash or energetic radiations. This talk provides numerical and graphical means to compute power production at surfaces in LENR experiments.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJthecasefor.pdf
3005	Conference Proceedings	Nagel, D. J.	2007	Powers, Materials and Radiations from Low Energy Nuclear Reactions on Surfaces	The 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science			Sochi, Russia		Powers, Materials and Radiations from Low Energy Nuclear Reactions on Surfaces	materials, electrode surface morphology	Nuclear reactions that occur at low kinetic energies produce thermal energy at some rate (powers), nuclear reaction products (materials) and, in some cases, energetic photons or particles (radiations). Experimental evidence indicates that low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) occur on or very near to the surfaces of solid lattices. The rates of such reactions depend on the total area of the lattices in an LENR experiment, the fraction of that area which is active and the number of reactions per area per second. The powers further depend on the energy per reaction. The production rates of materials are related to the masses of the reaction products. And, the fluxes of radiations depend on the fraction of the reactions that produce energetic quanta. These factors are examined in this paper. A simple, but useful graphical method to relate surface areas to output nuclear powers is presented. It is used to make the first estimate of the active fraction of a surface in LENR experiments. Optimization of power outputs from LENR experiments is discussed in relation to the various factors cited above and to past work. The several intersections between LENR and both nano-science and nanotechnology are examined. A new engineering discipline will be required to turn the current science of LENR into practical sources of energy, materials and maybe radiations.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJpowersmate.pdf
3004	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2006	Program Strategy for Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions	Infinite Energy					Program Strategy for Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions	review
3003	Conference Proceedings	Nagel, D. J., Imam, M. A.	2003	Energetics Of Defects And Strains In Palladium	Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion		LENR-CANR.org	Cambridge, MA	Aug. 24-29, 2003	Energetics Of Defects And Strains In Palladium	fractofusion, metalurgy	Pd employed as cathodes in cold fusion experiments contains various defects, each of which has an associated energy.? In principle, some of the energy in Pd due to defects that exist before a cold fusion experiment could be released as apparent excess heat during the experiment.? Energy densities were computed for high concentrations of vacancies, impurities (both substitutional and interstitial atoms), dislocations and grain boundaries, as well as for strains.? It is concluded that pre-existing defects and strains cannot account for the energies released during cold fusion experiments.? Nonetheless, defects may play other supporting or central roles in cold fusion.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJenergetics.pdf
3002	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	2000	Fusion Physics and Philosophy	Accountability Res., Vol = 8					Fusion Physics and Philosophy	history	INTRODUCTION The advancement of science and technology normally occurs through evolutionary research and development. These activities and their fruits, knowledge and capabilities, might be very interesting and useful, but they normally do not challenge our overall view of the world. When something revolutionary comes to light, the potential paradigm shift, then we are forced to examine both our knowledge and our beliefs, which are intertwined. The topic called 'cold fusion' caused reexamination of the physics of nuclear reactions and some aspects of the philosophy of science. We will consider these factors after a brief introductory survey of the complex experiments and results reported in the field, and the motivations for continued attention. 'Cold fusion' is used here as an accepted label for the arena of interest, and not a statement about whatever processes might be involved.	http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NagelDJfusionphys.pdf
3001	Journal Article	Nagel, D. J.	1998	The status of 'cold fusion'	Radiat. Phys. Chem., Vol = 51					The status of 'cold fusion'	Review